Device and method for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of environment detection, and provides a device and method for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediment, the device comprises a base, a connecting table is fixedly mounted in the base, a plurality of sampling mechanisms are obliquely connected to the connecting table, and a motor is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the connecting table; the output end of the motor penetrates through the connecting table downwards to be provided with a driving gear, and the driving gear is meshed with the sampling mechanism. The device is put above a sampling position, a motor drives a driving gear to rotate, a plurality of sampling mechanisms meshed with the driving gear obliquely extend downwards in a threaded cylinder along the direction of the threaded cylinder, and meanwhile, a first electric push rod extends a sampling drill to the outer side of the bottom of a sampling pipe, so that the plurality of sampling mechanisms rotationally and obliquely pierce into water sludge; sampling of multiple point positions can be conveniently conducted at a time, the sampling precision and the data reliability can be conveniently improved, sludge is drawn into the sampling pipe through the sampling drill, and surface sediments at different positions of the sludge are sampled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of environmental detection, and in particular to a device and method for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments. Background Art

[0002] When conducting environmental monitoring or pollution control surveys on water bodies such as oceans, lakes or rivers, it is often necessary to collect underwater soil, silt and other sediments. The accuracy of sediment collection has an important impact on environmental monitoring or pollution control surveys.

[0003] In sampling the bottom sediments of the water environment, the above-mentioned sampling device can only sample the sediments at the edge of the water body, but cannot sample the deeper areas in the middle of the river channel, pond, etc. The sampling range is narrow, and the existing sampling device needs to store the samples separately and move them to the inside of the laboratory for testing and analysis. During the sample transfer process, the samples can easily destroy the structural state of the sediments, so the test results cannot fully represent the actual state, and human errors can also be introduced. Sampling is time-consuming and laborious, and the appearance structure of each layer cannot be directly observed, which cannot meet people's sampling needs.

[0004] Therefore, we have made improvements to this and proposed a device and method for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: the sampling range is narrow, the sample can easily destroy the structural state of the sediment, the sample data has large errors and low reliability.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention provides a device for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments, including a base, a connecting platform is fixedly installed inside the base, a plurality of sampling mechanisms are obliquely connected to the connecting platform, a motor is fixedly installed on the upper end of the connecting platform, a driving gear is installed on the output end of the motor downwardly through the connecting platform, the driving gear is meshed with the sampling mechanism, the upper end of the sampling mechanism penetrates the base and is connected to a conveying mechanism, a detection mechanism is fixedly installed on the bottom end of the conveying mechanism, and the detection mechanism is fixedly installed on the side of the base.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention, the base includes a floating platform, the internal movably sleeved with a protective shell, the bottom end of the protective shell is fixedly mounted with a connecting seat, the side of the connecting seat is provided with an installation window, the upper end of the protective shell is fixedly mounted with a top plate, a second electric push rod is fixedly mounted on both sides of the floating platform and the top plate, and a protruding connecting mouth is obliquely mounted on the top plate.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention, the connecting platform includes a circular plate, the bottom end of the circular plate is connected to a threaded barrel, and the interior of the threaded barrel is a threaded hole.

[0009] As a further scheme of the present invention, the sampling mechanism includes a sampling tube, which is installed inside the installation window, and the upper end of the sampling tube is fixedly connected to a transition tube, and the top of the transition tube is fixedly connected to a hollow screw, and the bottom end of the hollow screw is sleeved with a driven gear, and the driven gear is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the threaded barrel, the hollow screw is sleeved inside the threaded barrel, and the top of the hollow screw is rotatably installed with a rotating shaft, and the top of the rotating shaft is fixedly installed with a connecting cover, and the connecting cover is fixedly connected to the detection mechanism, and the inside of the sampling tube is fixedly connected with a connecting rod, and the bottom end of the connecting rod is fixedly installed with a first electric push rod, and the bottom end of the first electric push rod is installed with a sampling drill, and the sampling drill is telescopically connected to the bottom opening of the sampling tube.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention, the sampling drill comprises a connecting shaft, four blades are installed around the connecting shaft, hinges and limit blocks are installed on the upper ends of the blades, and a flap is hinged on the upper end of the hinge.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention, the blades and the flap are continuous spiral blades, and the flap covers the upper end interval of the two blades after being turned over.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention, the conveying mechanism includes a hose, a connecting buckle is fixedly installed on the upper end of the hose, the connecting buckle is fixedly connected to the sampling mechanism, the bottom end of the hose is connected to a bellows and a detection plate, and the bottom end of the detection plate is connected to a water outlet pipe.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention, the detection mechanism includes a detection box, and a lamp is fixedly installed at the front end of the detection box, and the lamp is parallel to the detection plate.

[0014] A method for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments, using the above-mentioned device for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments, comprises the following steps: S1. Place the device on the surface of the water body, determine the sampling position of the surface sediment of the water body according to the water body distribution data and lake bottom silt data obtained by field exploration and remote sensing technology measurement of the water body, place the device above the sampling position, and use the second electric push rod to squeeze the connecting seat and the protective shell under the water surface, adjust the distance between the connecting seat and the sampling mechanism and the silt, start the motor, drive the driving gear to rotate, the driving gear is meshed with the driven gear, so that multiple sampling mechanisms meshed with the driving gear are simultaneously extended obliquely downward in the threaded barrel along the direction of the threaded barrel, and at the same time, the first electric push rod extends the sampling drill to the outside of the bottom of the sampling tube, so that the multiple sampling mechanisms rotate and obliquely penetrate into the water body silt, and use the sampling drill to roll the silt into the sampling tube, and sample the surface sediments at different positions of the silt; S2. At the same time, as the sampling mechanism rotates on the connecting platform, the rotating shaft moves to the position of the threaded barrel. At this time, the driven gear moves to the end position of the hollow screw at the bottom of the rotating shaft. When the active gear continues to drive, the active gear drives the sampling mechanism to rotate but does not slide down, so that the sampling drill installed at the bottom of the sampling tube rotates to extract the sludge, so that the sludge is extracted upward along the sampling tube and the hole in the middle of the hollow screw to the inside of the conveying mechanism, and enters the detection plate inside the conveying mechanism. The detection mechanism performs spectral analysis inside the detection plate to obtain the parameters of eutrophic pollutants in the sediment and analyze the pollutant components in the sediment, so as to be able to It can reveal the migration law of eutrophic pollutants, evaluate the impact of water-energy environmental system, and thus study the pollution characteristics of eutrophic pollutants in water sludge, provide assistance for further purification of water bodies and protection of the ecological environment of the Hetao Irrigation Area, analyze the release characteristics of eutrophic pollutants in surface sediments, achieve pollution reduction and greening, solve the water purification in arid and semi-arid areas, and comprehensively improve the stability of the ecosystem. In this process, the sludge will not stay, but will eventually be discharged into the water body through the outlet pipe. Different from the traditional sampling method, the pollutant composition of the sludge is analyzed in real time to avoid the sedimentation of pollutants or other problems that affect the accuracy of parameters after sampling and storage; S3. When sampling is completed, the second electric push rod lifts the connecting seat, the protective shell and the sampling mechanism as a whole upward to separate the bottom end of the sampling mechanism from the silt, and through the continuous rotation of the sampling mechanism, the upper clear liquid of the water body continues to be extracted to flush the sampling mechanism and the inside of the conveying mechanism. Then the driving gear rotates in the opposite direction. During the upward pulling process of the sampling mechanism, the sampling drill is pulled back into the sampling tube by the first electric push rod, and the flap is automatically folded to close the entrance of the sampling tube to a certain extent to prevent silt from entering the sampling tube. Finally, the sampling mechanism is lifted upward, pulled out of the silt, and reset to the base.

[0015] The present invention provides a device and method for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments, which have the following beneficial effects: 1. By placing the device above the sampling position, the motor drives the driving gear to rotate, and multiple sampling mechanisms meshing with the driving gear extend obliquely downward in the threaded barrel along the direction of the threaded barrel at the same time. At the same time, the first electric push rod extends the sampling drill to the outside of the bottom of the sampling tube, so that the multiple sampling mechanisms rotate and obliquely penetrate into the silt in the water body, which is convenient for sampling at multiple points at one time, and is convenient for improving the sampling accuracy and data reliability. The sampling drill is used to roll the silt into the sampling tube to sample the surface sediments at different positions of the silt.

[0016] 2. By connecting the upper end of the sampling mechanism directly to the conveying mechanism, the sludge enters the detection plate inside the conveying mechanism, and is pressed into sheets inside the detection plate, spectral analysis is directly performed through the detection mechanism to obtain the parameters of eutrophic pollutants in the sediment, and analyze the pollutant components in the sludge, so as to directly study the pollution characteristics of eutrophic pollutants in the water sludge. In this process, the sludge will not stay and will eventually be discharged into the water body through the outlet pipe. Different from the traditional sampling method, the pollutant components of the sludge are analyzed in real time to avoid the sedimentation of pollutants after sampling and storage or other problems that affect the accuracy of parameters.

[0017] 3. Install a sampling drill at the inner opening of the sampling tube, and the sampling drill is extended and retracted by the first electric push rod. When the sampling drill is extended outside the sampling tube, the sampling tube and the sampling drill rotate in the same direction. The sampling drill rolls up the silt, allowing the silt to enter the interior of the sampling tube for sampling. When the sampling tube is rotated back into the interior of the sampling tube, the second electric push rod lifts the connecting seat, the protective shell and the sampling mechanism as a whole upward to separate the bottom end of the sampling mechanism from the silt. Through the continuous rotation of the sampling mechanism, the upper clear liquid of the water body is continuously extracted to flush the sampling mechanism and the interior of the conveying mechanism. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a device for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments provided in this application; Figure 2 A structural cross-sectional view of a device for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments provided in the present application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the base structure of a device for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments provided in this application; Figure 4A schematic diagram of the installation of a connection platform and a sampling mechanism of a device for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments provided in this application; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a connecting platform of a device for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments provided in this application; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the sampling mechanism structure of a device for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments provided in this application; Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of the sampling mechanism structure of a device for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments provided in the present application; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the sampling drill structure of a device for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments provided in this application; Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a conveying mechanism and a detection mechanism of a device for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments provided in this application.

[0020] In the figure: 1. base; 11. floating platform; 12. connecting seat; 13. installation window; 14. protective shell; 15. top plate; 16. connecting nozzle; 2. connecting platform; 21. round plate; 22. threaded cylinder; 3. driving gear; 4. motor; 5. sampling mechanism; 51. sampling tube; 52. hollow screw; 53. driven gear; 54. connecting cover; 55. transition tube; 56. connecting rod; 57. first electric push rod; 58. sampling drill; 581. connecting shaft; 582. paddle; 583. flap; 584. hinge; 585. limit block; 59. rotating shaft; 6. conveying mechanism; 61. hose; 62. connecting buckle; 63. bellows; 64. detection plate; 65. water outlet pipe; 7. detection mechanism; 71. detection box; 72. light; 8. second electric push rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples of the specification. The following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0022] like Figure 1-Figure 9 As shown, this embodiment proposes a device for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments, including a base 1, a connecting platform 2 is fixedly installed inside the base 1, a plurality of sampling mechanisms 5 are obliquely connected to the connecting platform 2, a motor 4 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the connecting platform 2, an output end of the motor 4 passes downward through the connecting platform 2 and a driving gear 3 is installed, the driving gear 3 is meshed and connected with the sampling mechanism 5, the upper end of the sampling mechanism 5 penetrates the base 1 and is connected with a conveying mechanism 6, a detection mechanism 7 is fixedly installed on the bottom end of the conveying mechanism 6, and the detection mechanism 7 is fixedly installed on the side of the base 1.

[0023] The base 1 includes a floating platform 11, and a protective shell 14 is movably sleeved inside the floating platform 11. A connecting seat 12 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the protective shell 14, and an installation window 13 is opened on the side of the connecting seat 12. A top plate 15 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the protective shell 14. Second electric push rods 8 are fixedly installed on both sides of the floating platform 11 and the top plate 15. A protruding connecting mouth 16 is obliquely installed on the top plate 15. The floating platform 11 and the protective shell 14 are telescopically installed, so that the sampling mechanism 5 installed inside the protective shell 14 can be raised and lowered along the floating platform 11, which is convenient for adjusting the depth under the water surface to a certain extent, thereby sampling the silt in the water body.

[0024] The connecting platform 2 includes a circular plate 21, the bottom end of which is connected to a threaded barrel 22, the interior of the threaded barrel 22 is a threaded hole, and the arrangement of the circular plate 21 and the threaded barrel 22 is used to install the sampling mechanism 5, so that the sampling mechanism 5 moves along the direction of the connecting platform 2, so that the sampling mechanism 5 can penetrate into the sludge for sampling.

[0025] The sampling mechanism 5 includes a sampling tube 51, which is installed inside the installation window 13. The upper end of the sampling tube 51 is fixedly connected to a transition tube 55, and the top of the transition tube 55 is fixedly connected to a hollow screw 52. The bottom end of the hollow screw 52 is sleeved with a driven gear 53, and the driven gear 53 is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the threaded barrel 22. The hollow screw 52 is sleeved inside the threaded barrel 22, and a rotating shaft 59 is rotatably installed on the top of the hollow screw 52. The length of the rotating shaft 59 is consistent with the length of the threaded barrel 22, so that when the sampling tube 51 rotates inside the connecting platform 2, after the part of the rotating shaft 59 is screwed into the inside of the threaded barrel 22, the sampling mechanism 5 can only rotate but not move inside the connecting platform 2. The sampling mechanism 5 samples the sludge by moving downward. A connecting cover 54 is fixedly installed on the top of the rotating shaft 59. The connecting cover 54 is fixedly connected to the detection mechanism 7. A connecting rod 56 is fixedly connected to the inside of the sampling tube 51. A first electric push rod 57 is fixedly installed on the bottom end of the connecting rod 56. A sampling drill 58 is installed on the bottom end of the first electric push rod 57. The sampling drill 58 is telescopically connected to the bottom opening of the sampling tube 51. The hollow screw 52 is connected to the driven gear 53. When the driven gear 53 meshes and rotates with the driving gear 3, the sampling tube 51 rotates, and the sampling drill 58 rolls up the sludge. The sludge is transported to the inside of the conveying mechanism 6 through the sampling tube 51 and the central cavity of the hollow screw 52.

[0026] The sampling drill 58 includes a connecting shaft 581, and four paddles 582 are installed around the connecting shaft 581. The upper ends of the paddles 582 are installed with hinges 584 and limit blocks 585, and the upper ends of the hinges 584 are hinged with flaps 583, and the flaps 583 are folded counterclockwise. When the sampling tube 51 rotates clockwise, the paddles 582 shovel up the silt, and the silt pushes the flaps 583 upward, and the paddles 582 and the flaps 583 are unfolded into a whole rotary blade, so that the silt can smoothly enter the sampling tube 51. When the sampling tube 51 rotates counterclockwise, the flaps 583 lose the upward squeezing of the silt from the bottom, and the flaps 583 flip down to block the opening of the sampling tube 51 to prevent the silt inside the sampling tube 51 from falling out.

[0027] The paddle 582 and the flap 583 are continuous spiral blades, and the flap 583 covers the upper end gap between the two paddles 582 after being flipped over. The paddle 582 and the flap 583 are opened and closed respectively by the pressure of the sludge squeezing down inside the sampling tube 51, which facilitates the one-way switch control of the sampling tube 51.

[0028] The conveying mechanism 6 includes a hose 61, a connecting buckle 62 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the hose 61, the connecting buckle 62 is fixedly connected to the sampling mechanism 5, the bottom end of the hose 61 is connected to a bellows 63 and a detection plate 64, the bottom end of the detection plate 64 is connected to a water outlet pipe 65, the hose 61 conveys the sludge taken out from the sampling mechanism 5, squeezes out a thin sheet inside the detection plate 64, and enables the detection mechanism 7 to perform spectral detection and analysis on the sludge inside the detection plate 64, thereby obtaining the parameters of eutrophic pollutants in the sediment and analyzing the pollutant components in the sediment.

[0029] The detection mechanism 7 includes a detection box 71, and a lamp 72 is fixedly installed at the front end of the detection box 71. The lamp 72 is parallel to the detection plate 64. The detection mechanism 7 directly performs spectral analysis on the sludge in the conveying mechanism 6, which reduces the sample storage and transfer procedures and reduces costs.

[0030] A method for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments, using the above-mentioned device for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments, comprises the following steps: S1. Place the device on the surface of the water body, determine the sampling position of the surface sediment of the water body according to the water body distribution data and lake bottom silt data obtained by field exploration and remote sensing technology measurement of the water body, place the device above the sampling position, and use the second electric push rod 8 to squeeze the connecting seat 12 and the protective shell 14 under the water surface, adjust the distance between the connecting seat 12 and the sampling mechanism 5 and the silt, start the motor 4, drive the driving gear 3 to rotate, the driving gear 3 is engaged with the driven gear 53, so that the multiple sampling mechanisms 5 engaged with the driving gear 3 are simultaneously extended obliquely downward in the threaded barrel 22 along the direction of the threaded barrel 22, and at the same time, the first electric push rod 57 extends the sampling drill 58 to the outside of the bottom of the sampling tube 51, so that the multiple sampling mechanisms 5 rotate and tilt into the water body silt, and use the sampling drill 58 to roll the silt into the sampling tube 51, and sample the surface sediments at different positions of the silt; S2. At the same time, as the sampling mechanism 5 rotates on the connecting platform 2, the rotating shaft 59 moves to the position of the threaded barrel 22. At this time, the driven gear 53 moves to the end position of the hollow screw 52 at the bottom of the rotating shaft 59. When the driving gear 3 continues to drive, the driving gear 3 drives the sampling mechanism 5 to rotate but does not slide down, so that the sampling drill 58 installed at the bottom of the sampling tube 51 rotates to extract the sludge, so that the sludge is extracted upward along the sampling tube 51 and the hole in the middle of the hollow screw 52 to the inside of the conveying mechanism 6, and enters the detection plate 64 inside the conveying mechanism 6. The detection mechanism 7 performs spectral analysis inside the detection plate 64 to obtain the parameters of eutrophic pollutants in the sediment, and the separation Analyze the pollutant components in the sludge, so as to reveal the migration law of eutrophic pollutants, evaluate the impact of the water energy environment system, and thus study the pollution characteristics of eutrophic pollutants in water sludge, so as to further purify the water body and protect the ecological environment of the Hetao Irrigation Area. Analyze the release characteristics of eutrophic pollutants in surface sediments, achieve pollution reduction and greening, solve the water purification in arid and semi-arid areas, and comprehensively improve the stability of the ecosystem. In this process, the sludge will not stay, and will eventually be discharged into the water body through the outlet pipe 65. Different from the traditional sampling method, the pollutant components of the sludge are analyzed in real time to avoid the sedimentation of pollutants or other problems that affect the accuracy of parameters after sampling and storage; S3. When sampling is completed, the second electric push rod 8 lifts the connecting seat 12, the protective shell 14 and the sampling mechanism 5 upward as a whole, so that the bottom end of the sampling mechanism 5 is separated from the sludge, and the upper clear liquid of the water body is continuously extracted through the continuous rotation of the sampling mechanism 5, and the sampling mechanism 5 and the conveying mechanism 6 are flushed. Then the driving gear 3 rotates in the opposite direction. During the upward pulling process of the sampling mechanism 5, the sampling drill 58 is pulled back into the sampling tube 51 by the first electric push rod 57, and the flap 583 is automatically folded to close the entrance of the sampling tube 51 to a certain extent to prevent sludge from entering the sampling tube 51. Finally, the sampling mechanism 5 is pulled upward, pulled out of the sludge, and reset to the base 1.

[0031] The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professionals in this field.

[0032] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various combinations, modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments, comprising a base (1), characterized in that: A connecting platform (2) is fixedly installed inside the base (1), and a plurality of sampling mechanisms (5) are obliquely connected to the connecting platform (2). A motor (4) is fixedly installed on the upper end of the connecting platform (2), and an output end of the motor (4) passes downward through the connecting platform (2) and is installed with a driving gear (3), and the driving gear (3) is meshed and connected with the sampling mechanism (5). The upper end of the sampling mechanism (5) penetrates the base (1) and is connected with a conveying mechanism (6), and a detection mechanism (7) is fixedly installed on the bottom end of the conveying mechanism (6), and the detection mechanism (7) is fixedly installed on the side of the base (1).

2. The device for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base (1) comprises a floating platform (11), a protective shell (14) is movably sleeved inside the floating platform (11), a connecting seat (12) is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the protective shell (14), a mounting window (13) is provided on the side of the connecting seat (12), a top plate (15) is fixedly mounted on the top end of the protective shell (14), a second electric push rod (8) is fixedly mounted on both sides of the floating platform (11) and the top plate (15), and a protruding connecting nozzle (16) is obliquely mounted on the top plate (15).

3. The device for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting platform (2) comprises a circular plate (21), the bottom end of the circular plate (21) is connected to a threaded barrel (22), and the interior of the threaded barrel (22) is a threaded hole.

4. The device for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sampling mechanism (5) comprises a sampling tube (51), the sampling tube (51) being installed inside the installation window (13), the upper end of the sampling tube (51) being fixedly connected to a transition tube (55), the top end of the transition tube (55) being fixedly connected to a hollow screw (52), the bottom end of the hollow screw (52) being sleeved with a driven gear (53), the driven gear (53) being rotatably connected to the bottom end of a threaded barrel (22), the hollow screw (52) being sleeved inside the threaded barrel (22), and the hollow screw A rotating shaft (59) is rotatably mounted on the top of the rotating shaft (59), a connecting cover (54) is fixedly mounted on the top of the rotating shaft (59), the connecting cover (54) is fixedly connected to the detection mechanism (7), a connecting rod (56) is fixedly connected to the inside of the sampling tube (51), a first electric push rod (57) is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the connecting rod (56), a sampling drill (58) is mounted on the bottom end of the first electric push rod (57), and the sampling drill (58) is telescopically connected to the bottom opening of the sampling tube (51).

5. The device for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sampling drill (58) comprises a connecting shaft (581), and four paddles (582) are installed around the connecting shaft (581). A hinge (584) and a limit block (585) are installed at the upper end of the paddle (582), and a flap (583) is hingedly connected to the upper end of the hinge (584).

6. The device for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments according to claim 5, characterized in that: The paddle blades (582) and the flap (583) are continuous spiral blades, and the flap (583) covers the upper end interval of the two paddle blades (582) after being turned over.

7. The device for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveying mechanism (6) comprises a hose (61), a connecting buckle (62) being fixedly mounted on the upper end of the hose (61), the connecting buckle (62) being fixedly connected to the sampling mechanism (5), the bottom end of the hose (61) being connected to a bellows (63) and a detection plate (64), the bottom end of the detection plate (64) being connected to a water outlet pipe (65).

8. The device for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments according to claim 7, characterized in that: The detection mechanism (7) comprises a detection box (71), a lighting lamp (72) being fixedly mounted on the front end of the detection box (71), and the lighting lamp (72) is parallel to the detection plate (64).

9. A method for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments, characterized in that: The device for detecting eutrophic pollutants in water sediments according to any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises the following steps: S1. Place the device on the surface of the water body, determine the sampling position of the surface sediment of the water body according to the water body distribution data and lake bottom silt data obtained by field exploration and remote sensing technology measurement of the water body, place the device above the sampling position, and use the second electric push rod (8) to squeeze the connecting seat (12) and the protective shell (14) below the water surface, adjust the distance between the connecting seat (12) and the sampling mechanism (5) and the silt, start the motor (4), drive the driving gear (3) to rotate, and the driving gear (3) and the driven gear (53) are engaged, so that the multiple sampling mechanisms (5) engaged with the driving gear (3) are simultaneously extended obliquely downward in the threaded barrel (22) along the direction of the threaded barrel (22), and at the same time, the first electric push rod (57) extends the sampling drill (58) to the outside of the bottom of the sampling tube (51), so that the multiple sampling mechanisms (5) rotate and obliquely penetrate into the silt of the water body, and use the sampling drill (58) to roll the silt into the sampling tube (51), so as to sample the surface sediments at different positions of the silt; S2. At the same time, as the sampling mechanism (5) rotates on the connecting platform (2), the rotating shaft (59) moves to the position of the threaded barrel (22). At this time, the driven gear (53) moves to the end position of the hollow screw (52) at the bottom end of the rotating shaft (59). When the driving gear (3) continues to drive, the driving gear (3) drives the sampling mechanism (5) to rotate but does not slide down, so that the sampling drill (58) installed at the bottom end of the sampling tube (51) rotates to extract the sludge, so that the sludge is extracted upward along the sampling tube (51) and the hole in the middle of the hollow screw (52) to the inside of the conveying mechanism (6), and enters the detection plate (64) inside the conveying mechanism (6), and is optically detected by the detection mechanism (7) inside the detection plate (64). Spectral analysis is used to obtain parameters of eutrophic pollutants in sediments and analyze the pollutant composition in sludge, thereby revealing the migration law of eutrophic pollutants and evaluating the impact of water-energy environmental systems, thereby studying the pollution characteristics of eutrophic pollutants in water sludge, providing assistance for further purification of water bodies and protection of the ecological environment of the Hetao Irrigation Area, analyzing the release characteristics of eutrophic pollutants in surface sediments, achieving pollution reduction and greening, solving water purification problems in arid and semi-arid areas, and comprehensively improving the stability of the ecosystem. During this process, sludge will not stay and will eventually be discharged into the water body through the outlet pipe (65). Different from the traditional sampling method, the pollutant composition of sludge is analyzed in real time to avoid the sedimentation of pollutants or other problems that affect the accuracy of parameters after sampling and storage; S3. When sampling is completed, the second electric push rod (8) lifts the connecting seat (12), the protective shell (14) and the sampling mechanism (5) upward as a whole, so that the bottom end of the sampling mechanism (5) is separated from the sludge, and the upper clear liquid of the water body is continuously extracted through the continuous rotation of the sampling mechanism (5), and the inside of the sampling mechanism (5) and the conveying mechanism (6) is flushed. Then, the driving gear (3) rotates in the opposite direction. During the upward lifting process of the sampling mechanism (5), the sampling drill (58) is pulled back into the sampling tube (51) by the first electric push rod (57), and the flap (583) is automatically folded to close the entrance of the sampling tube (51) to a certain extent, so as to prevent sludge from entering the sampling tube (51). Finally, the sampling mechanism (5) is lifted upward, pulled out of the sludge, and reset to the base (1).

Images