Fresh waxy corn rotation planting method for northeast region

Abstract

The invention provides a rotation planting method for fresh waxy corn in northeast. The rotation planting method comprises two modes of one-ridge empty-two-ridge single-row planting or one-ridge empty-three-ridge double-row planting. One-ridge empty-two-ridge single-row planting is performed, each ridge is single-row planting is performed, one-ridge empty-three-ridge double-row planting is performed, and each ridge is double-row planting; when the first crop of corn is about to ear, single-row planting is carried out on the second crop of planting ridges, 80-90 days after planting, after the first crop of corn is harvested, corn stalks are smashed and put down, then a first crop of corn planting area is formed through arrangement, and other commercial crops are transplanted to the first crop of corn planting area; land resources are fully utilized, the planting density is improved, and meanwhile it is guaranteed that the planted corn ridges are the field edges, and each plant is a side row; according to the method, water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation management is combined, the planting amount is 180%-350% higher than that of an existing planting method, it can be guaranteed that the harvested waxy corn meets the harvesting standard, a batch of commercial crops such as Chinese cabbages can be harvested additionally, and the yield and income are further increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a corn planting method, in particular to a rotation planting method of fresh glutinous corn used in the Northeast region. Background Art

[0002] Fresh corn refers to young corn with special flavor and quality. Compared with ordinary corn, fresh corn has full grains and bright and natural luster. The grains will produce a lot of sugar, starch, crude fat and a variety of vitamins and amino acids during the milky stage. It has comprehensive advantages and fashionable characteristics such as high nutritional value, good taste, high added value, good efficiency, low fat and high fiber. At present, the Chinese agricultural industry standard NY / T-523 (special grain corn and fresh corn) is generally used as the definition standard for fresh corn, that is, during the suitable harvest period, the quality standard of the corn ear quality index inspection sample (the sum of the appearance and cooking quality scores within 6 hours) is not lower than the minimum index of NY / T-523; fresh corn is deeply favored by consumers of all walks of life because of its rich nutrition, sweet and tender taste, crispness and less residue.

[0003] In Northeast China, especially Jilin Province, due to the limitation of temperature conditions, spring corn is generally harvested once a year. It is planted in early April with high planting density and small plant spacing. Due to the increased shading between plants, the penetration of air and sunlight is limited, resulting in poor ventilation and light transmittance, affecting the efficiency of corn photosynthesis, the prevention and control of pests and diseases, and the effective use of water and nutrients, thus affecting the growth of corn, resulting in a long growth cycle of corn. In order to give corn sufficient growth time to meet the harvest standard, it can only be harvested once a year until early October, and the maturity is late; the conventional planting method is 35,000 to 45,000 plants per hectare, and even if some high-density planting methods disclosed in existing patents are adopted, it can only reach 50,000 to 60,000 plants per hectare, which still cannot achieve the ideal planting amount and harvest amount; in addition, since corn fields in Northeast China can only plant one crop of corn each year, after the corn is harvested, it is affected by the temperature and there is no time to plant other cash crops. The land is idle and cannot be fully utilized, which limits the income of farmers. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a rotation planting method for fresh glutinous corn in Northeast China, including two modes: a single-row planting mode with one ridge planted and two ridges left empty or a double-row planting mode with one ridge planted and three ridges left empty;

[0005] The planting method of the one-row planting and two-row empty planting mode includes:

[0006] After land preparation, the first planting ridges are built. The width of each planting ridge of the first crop is 60-65cm. The width of two ridges is separated between two adjacent planting ridges. Disease-resistant, high-yield, and dense-tolerant early-maturing glutinous corn varieties are selected. In spring, when the temperature at a depth of 5-10 cm in the soil is stabilized at above 10°C, the first corn is sown and planted in a single row on the first planting ridges with a spacing of 7-10 cm between seedlings. Field management is carried out during the growth period of the first corn crop, including inter-row cultivation and weeding, thinning and determining seedlings, fertilizing and watering, and pest and disease control. A second planting ridge is built between two adjacent planting ridges of the first crop. The width of the second planting ridge is 60-65cm, and the distance between the second planting ridge and the first planting ridge on both sides is equal; when the first corn is about to ear, plant it in a single row on the second planting ridge, with a seedling spacing of 7-10cm; during the growth period of the second corn, carry out field management, including intertillage and weeding, thinning and finalizing, fertilization and watering, and pest and disease control; after the first corn reaches the harvest standard for fresh corn, the first corn stalks are crushed and laid down. At this time, the second corn has just grown up and is fully exposed to sunlight and ventilation. Then the planting area of ​​the first corn is sorted out and transplanted to other economic crops;

[0007] The planting method of the planting pattern of one ridge planted and three ridges empty with double rows includes:

[0008] After land preparation, ridges are made, and the width of each planting ridge is 60-65cm; early-maturing glutinous corn varieties that are disease-resistant, high-yielding, and tolerant of dense density are selected; in spring, when the temperature at a depth of 5-10 cm in the soil is stable above 10°C, the first crop of corn is sown, with three empty ridges between every two planting ridges, and two rows of corn are planted on each planting ridge, with a row spacing of 40cm between the two rows of corn and a seedling spacing of 7-10cm between each row of corn; field management is carried out during the growth period of the first crop of corn, including inter-row weeding, thinning and determining the seedlings, fertilizing and watering, and pest and disease control; when the first crop of corn is grown, Before the rice is about to ear, the second crop of corn is planted on the middle ridge of the three empty ridges, in double rows with a spacing of 40-45cm between the rows and 7-10cm between the seedlings in each row. During the growth period of the second crop of corn, field management is carried out, including tillage and weeding, thinning and determining seedlings, fertilization and watering, and disease and pest control. After the first crop of corn reaches the harvesting standard for fresh corn and is harvested, the first crop of corn stalks are crushed and laid down. At this time, the second crop of corn has just grown up and is getting enough sunlight and ventilation. The first crop of corn planting area is then cleared and transplanted to other economic crops.

[0009] The second crop of corn is harvested after it reaches the standards for fresh corn.

[0010] Furthermore, the fertilization and watering adopts an integrated drip irrigation mode, and drip irrigation pipes are laid on the planting ridges to carry out watering and fertilization according to the water and fertilizer management requirements of glutinous corn planting.

[0011] Furthermore, reflective film is laid between the planting ridges to increase light for the growth of glutinous corn.

[0012] Furthermore, the other economic crops include cabbage or radish.

[0013] Furthermore, the early maturing glutinous corn variety is preferably yellow glutinous corn or white glutinous corn.

[0014] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0015] Inspired by the fact that corns grown at the edge of fields and side rows grow significantly better than corns grown in non-edge of fields and non-side rows, the present invention provides a rotation planting method for fresh glutinous corns used in Northeast China, which is particularly suitable for Jilin Province. The method comprises two rotation and dense planting modes: planting one ridge with two empty ridges in a single row or planting one ridge with three empty ridges in a double row, which fully utilizes land resources and improves planting density. Combined with integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation management, the number of plants planted is 130%-270% higher than that of conventional high-density planting methods, and it can ensure that the harvested glutinous corns meet the harvesting standards, and an extra batch of economic crops such as Chinese cabbage can be harvested, thereby further increasing production and income. In the one-ridge-and-two-empty-ridge single-row planting mode of the present invention, the planting ridge interval is 1.3m, and in the one-ridge-and-three-empty-ridge double-row planting mode, the planting ridge interval is 1.95m. This can ensure that every corn plant is in the side row and every ridge is at the edge of the field, and is fully ventilated and illuminated, and every corn cob is a big cob, and generally can reach maturity and harvest standards in 80-90 days, greatly shortening the growth cycle of corn; it can also facilitate the operation of small mechanical equipment, improve operation efficiency, and reduce labor costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a planting schematic diagram of a one-row planting mode with two ridges and one empty ridge according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 A physical diagram of the seedling spacing in the one-row, two-row, and one-ridge planting mode of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 A physical picture of the present invention's one-row empty two-row planting mode;

[0019] Figure 4 A physical picture of corn at maturity in a single-row planting mode of one ridge empty and two ridges according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of planting in two planting modes of one empty ridge and three ridges with two rows according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a physical picture of the first crop of plants in the planting pattern of one empty ridge and three ridges with double rows according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 7This is a physical picture of the second crop of plants in the planting pattern of one empty ridge and three ridges with double rows according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 8 This is a physical picture of corn at maturity in the planting mode of one empty ridge and three empty ridges with double rows according to the present invention.

[0024] 1. The first planting ridges, 2. The second planting ridges. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] Embodiment 1,

[0026] See also Figure 1-4 As shown: Example 1 of the present invention provides a rotation planting method for fresh glutinous corn in Northeast China, which is a mode of planting one ridge and two ridges in a single row, and a planting experiment was carried out in Songyuan City, Jilin Province;

[0027] The planting pattern method of planting one ridge and leaving two ridges empty in a single row includes:

[0028] After rotary tillage and land preparation in a well-equipped and flat conventional corn planting field, the first planting ridge 1 is formed, and the width of each planting ridge of the first planting ridge is about 65 cm; the width of two ridges is spaced between two adjacent planting ridges, that is, about 1.3 m, and the two spaced ridges are idle during the first planting, leaving sufficient ventilation and light receiving space for the plants of the first planting ridge 1;

[0029] Select the disease-resistant, high-yielding, and densely populated early-maturing glutinous corn variety, yellow glutinous corn;

[0030] After April 10 in spring, when the temperature at a depth of 5-10 cm in the soil is stable above 10°C, start sowing the first crop of corn. Plant in a single row on the first planting ridge 1, with a spacing of about 7-8 cm between seedlings. During the growth period of the first crop of corn, carry out field management, including inter-row cultivation and weeding, thinning and determining seedlings, fertilization and watering, and pest and disease control.

[0031] During the growth period of the first crop of corn, a second crop planting ridge 2 is formed between two adjacent planting ridges of the first crop. The width of the second crop planting ridge 2 is about 65 cm, and the distance between the second crop planting ridge 2 and the first crop planting ridge 1 on both sides is equal.

[0032] After June 25, when the first corn crop is about to emerge, plant the second corn crop in a single row on the second planting ridge 2, with a spacing of 7-8 cm between seedlings; during the growth period of the second corn crop, carry out field management, including inter-row cultivation and weeding, thinning and determining seedlings, fertilization and watering, and pest and disease control;

[0033] The first crop of corn is harvested after it reaches the harvest standard for fresh corn (around late July to early August). The first crop of corn stalks are crushed and laid down. At this time, the second crop of corn has just grown, and the plants are about 30-40cm tall, which are fully exposed to sunlight and ventilation. Then the planting area of ​​the first crop of corn is cleared and Chinese cabbage is transplanted. Since Chinese cabbage is shorter, it will not affect the ventilation and lighting of the second crop of corn.

[0034] In October, the second crop of corn is harvested after it reaches the fresh-eating corn harvesting standard, and the cabbage is also mature and harvested.

[0035] The fertilization and watering adopts an integrated drip irrigation mode, and drip irrigation pipes are laid on the planting ridges. Watering and fertilization are carried out through the drip irrigation pipes according to the normal water and fertilizer management requirements of glutinous corn planting. Corn is a crop with strong photosynthesis. When the corn plants reach 1m in height, reflective film is laid between the planting ridges. The reflective film reflects sunlight to the corn plants, increasing light for the growth of glutinous corn, promoting photosynthesis, and thus achieving early maturity and increased yield of corn.

[0036] In the present embodiment, a planting ridge is 500m long and a hectare is 20m wide. The width of the first planting ridge 1 is 65cm, and the interval between the two planting ridges is 130cm. A single row of corn is planted on each planting ridge, and the seedling spacing is 7cm; 10 planting ridges can be planted in the first crop, i.e., 10 rows of corn, 7000 plants per row, and 70,000 plants in 10 rows; the second crop is ridged in the middle of the first planting ridge 1, and 10 ridges can also be planted in the second crop, i.e., 10 rows of corn, 7000 plants per row, and 70,000 plants in 10 rows; a total of 140,000 corn plants are planted in two crops in one hectare, and at least 1 stick of corn is harvested for each plant, and at least 140,000 sticks of corn are harvested. According to the acceptance criteria, corn cobs with a length of 18-20cm account for more than 60%, corn cobs with a length of 16-18cm account for more than 35%, and the remaining lengths are 12-16cm, which meets the glutinous corn harvesting standard. In addition, 0.6 hectares of cabbage can be harvested to further increase the income.

[0037] Embodiment 2,

[0038] See also Figure 5-8 As shown: A method for rotating planting of glutinous corn for use in the Northeast region provided by Example 2 of the present invention is a planting model of one empty ridge and three ridges with double rows, and a planting experiment was conducted in Songyuan City, Jilin Province;

[0039] The planting pattern method of planting one ridge and leaving three ridges empty with double rows includes:

[0040] In a well-filled and flat conventional corn planting field, the land was tilled and ridged, and the width of each planting ridge was about 65 cm;

[0041] Select white glutinous corn, an early-maturing glutinous corn variety that is disease-resistant, high-yielding, and tolerant of dense density;

[0042] After April 10 in spring, when the temperature at a depth of 5-10 cm in the soil is stable at above 10°C, the first crop of corn is sown. The first crop is planted in the form of one ridge and three empty ridges, that is, there are three empty ridges between every two first-crop planting ridges 1, which is about 1.95m. Two rows of corn are planted on each first-crop planting ridge 1, with a row spacing of about 40 cm between the two rows of corn, and a seedling spacing of 7-8 cm between each row of corn. During the growth period of the first crop of corn, field management is carried out, including inter-row cultivation and weeding, thinning and determining seedlings, fertilization and watering, and pest and disease control. The three ridges are idle during the first planting to leave sufficient ventilation and light space for the plants in the planting ridges.

[0043] After June 25, when the first corn crop is about to emerge, the second corn crop is planted in the middle ridge of the three empty ridges, i.e., the second planting ridge 2, in double rows, with a row spacing of about 40 cm between the two rows of corn and a seedling spacing of 7-8 cm between each row of corn; field management is carried out during the growth period of the second corn crop, including intertillage and weeding, thinning and determining the seedlings, fertilization and watering, and pest and disease control;

[0044] The first crop of corn is harvested after it reaches the harvest standard for fresh corn (around late July to early August). The first crop of corn stalks are crushed and laid down. At this time, the second crop of corn has just grown, and the plants are about 30cm-40cm high, with sufficient sunlight and ventilation. Then the planting area of ​​the first crop of corn is cleared and Chinese cabbage is transplanted;

[0045] In October, the second crop of corn is harvested after it reaches the fresh-eating corn harvesting standard, and the cabbage is also mature and harvested.

[0046] The fertilization and watering adopts an integrated drip irrigation mode, and drip irrigation pipes are laid on the planting ridges. Watering and fertilization are carried out through the drip irrigation pipes according to the normal water and fertilizer management requirements of glutinous corn planting. When the corn plants reach 1m in height, reflective film is laid between the planting ridges. The reflective film reflects sunlight to the corn plants, increasing light for the growth of glutinous corn, promoting photosynthesis, and thus achieving early maturity and increased yield of corn.

[0047] In this embodiment, a planting ridge is 500m long and a hectare is 20m wide. The width of each planting ridge in the first crop is 65cm, and the interval between the two planting ridges is 195cm. Double rows of corn are planted on each planting ridge, and the seedling spacing is 7cm; 8 planting ridges can be planted in the first crop, i.e. 16 rows of corn, 7000 plants per row, and 112,000 plants in 16 rows; 8 ridges can be planted in the second crop, i.e. 16 rows of corn, 7000 plants per row, and 112,000 plants in 16 rows; 224,000 corn plants are planted in two crops in one hectare, and at least 1 stick of corn is harvested for each plant, and at least 224,000 sticks of corn are harvested. According to the acceptance criteria, corn cobs with a length of 18-20cm account for more than 60%, corn cobs with a length of 16-18cm account for more than 35%, and the remaining lengths are 12-16cm, which meets the glutinous corn harvesting standards. In addition, 0.75 hectares of cabbage can be harvested to further increase the income.

Claims

1. A rotation planting method for fresh glutinous corn in Northeast China, characterized by: It includes a single-row planting pattern with one ridge planted and two ridges left empty or a double-row planting pattern with one ridge planted and three ridges left empty; The method for planting one ridge and leaving two ridges empty in a single row includes: After land preparation, the first planting ridges are built. The width of each planting ridge of the first crop is 60-65cm. The width of two ridges is separated between two adjacent planting ridges. Disease-resistant, high-yielding, and dense-tolerant early-maturing glutinous corn varieties are selected. In spring, when the temperature at a depth of 5-10 cm in the soil is stable above 10°C, the first corn is sown and planted in a single row on the first planting ridges with a spacing of 7-10 cm between seedlings. Field management is carried out during the growth period of the first corn crop, including inter-row weeding, thinning and fixing, fertilization and watering, and pest and disease control. In the middle of two adjacent planting ridges of the first crop, A second planting ridge is built with a width of 60-65cm and the distance between the second planting ridge and the first planting ridge on both sides is equal; before the first corn is about to ear, a single row of corn is planted on the second planting ridge with a spacing of 7-10cm between seedlings; field management is carried out during the growth period of the second corn, including intertillage and weeding, thinning and determining seedlings, fertilization and watering, and pest and disease control; after the first corn reaches the harvest standard for fresh corn, the first corn stalks are crushed and laid down, and then the first corn planting area is sorted out and transplanted to other cash crops; The method for planting one ridge and three ridges in double rows includes: After land preparation, ridges are formed, and the width of each planting ridge is 60-65cm; early-maturing glutinous corn varieties that are disease-resistant, high-yielding, and densely populated are selected; in spring, when the temperature at a depth of 5-10 cm in the soil is stable above 10°C, the first crop of corn is sown, and three empty ridges are separated between every two planting ridges. Two rows of corn are planted on each planting ridge, with a row spacing of 40-45cm between the two rows of corn, and a seedling spacing of 7-10cm between each row of corn; field management is carried out during the growth period of the first crop of corn, including inter-row weeding, thinning, and fertilization Watering and pest and disease control; when the first crop of corn is about to ear, plant the second crop of corn on the middle ridge of three empty ridges, planted in double rows, with a row spacing of 40cm between the two rows of corn and a seedling spacing of 7-10cm between each row of corn; carry out field management during the growth period of the second crop of corn, including tillage and weeding, thinning and determining seedlings, fertilization and watering, and pest and disease control; after the first crop of corn reaches the fresh corn harvesting standard and is harvested, the first crop of corn stalks are crushed and laid down, and then the first crop of corn planting area is sorted out and transplanted to other economic crops.

2. The rotation planting method of fresh glutinous corn for use in the Northeast region according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilization and watering adopts an integrated drip irrigation mode, and drip irrigation pipes are arranged on the planting ridges to carry out watering and fertilization according to the water and fertilizer management requirements of glutinous corn planting.

3. The rotation planting method of fresh glutinous corn for use in the Northeast region according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the corn plants reach 1m in height, lay reflective film between the planting ridges to increase light for the growth of glutinous corn.

4. The rotation planting method of fresh edible waxy corn for use in the Northeast region according to claim 1, characterized in that: The other cash crops include cabbage or radish.

5. The rotation planting method of fresh glutinous corn for use in the Northeast region according to claim 1, characterized in that: The early-maturing glutinous corn variety is yellow glutinous corn or white glutinous corn.

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