Pesticide-free vegetable planting method based on fruit and vegetable symbiosis mode
By adopting the fruit and vegetable symbiosis model in vegetable greenhouses, combining physical prevention and control methods such as insect prevention nets and hanging yellow blue boards, soil and water and fertilizer management are optimized, and the problems of high temperature, pests and pesticide dependence in traditional vegetable greenhouse planting models are solved, and efficient, safe and low-cost vegetable production is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411923021.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-25
AI Technical Summary
The traditional vegetable greenhouse planting model faces problems such as excessive temperature, frequent occurrence of pests and diseases, and dependence on pesticides during high temperature seasons, resulting in high planting costs and low efficiency.
The pesticide-free vegetable planting method based on the fruit and vegetable symbiosis model is adopted, including selecting and transforming greenhouses, planting dwarf fruit trees and heat-resistant leafy vegetables, using insect-proof nets and hanging yellow and blue boards for physical prevention and control, and optimizing soil management and water and fertilizer applications.
Through the fruit and vegetable symbiosis model, reduce the incidence of pests and diseases, reduce the use of pesticides, improve soil fertility and agricultural products safety and quality, reduce planting costs, and improve market competitiveness.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of planting, and in particular to a pesticide-free vegetable planting method based on a fruit-vegetable symbiotic model. Background Art
[0002] With the continuous advancement of agricultural technology and the increasing demand of consumers for food safety and quality, green planting technology without pesticides and fertilizers has gradually become an important direction for the development of modern agriculture. In the process of traditional vegetable planting, the excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers not only leads to soil pollution and water pollution, but also seriously affects the safety and quality of agricultural products. However, the traditional vegetable greenhouse planting model, especially in the southern region, faces many challenges in the hot summer season:
[0003] High temperature stress: The temperature in the southern region is relatively high in July, August and September. Due to the closed space of the traditional 8-meter-wide cold greenhouse, the temperature inside the greenhouse can reach above 45°C, or even exceed 50°C. Excessive temperature will lead to poor growth and quality of vegetables, and significantly increase the incidence of diseases and insect pests.
[0004] Frequent occurrence of pests and diseases: The high temperature and high humidity environment provides favorable conditions for the occurrence and spread of pests and diseases, such as aphids, cabbage worms, whiteflies and other pests, as well as downy mildew, gray mold and other diseases, which seriously affect the yield and quality of vegetables.
[0005] Pesticide dependence: In order to control pests and diseases, vegetable farmers often need to use chemical pesticides frequently, which not only increases the cost of cultivation, but also leads to excessive pesticide residues, endangering consumer health and polluting the ecological environment.
[0006] High cost and low efficiency: The traditional greenhouse vegetable cultivation model requires a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, such as the frequent use of pesticides and fertilizers, which leads to high cultivation costs. The selling price of vegetables is greatly affected by market fluctuations, and the cultivation efficiency is difficult to guarantee.
[0007] Therefore, a pesticide-free vegetable planting method based on the fruit-vegetable symbiosis model is proposed to solve the current shortcomings. Summary of the invention
[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned technology and provide a pesticide-free vegetable planting method based on the fruit-vegetable symbiosis model.
[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is a method for growing vegetables without pesticides based on a fruit-vegetable symbiotic model, which comprises the following steps:
[0010] S1. Greenhouse selection and renovation:
[0011] Choose a standard greenhouse with a length of 30-50 meters, a width of 6-10 meters, and a height of about 2.5-3.5 meters. By modifying the roof, the roof can be opened to both sides;
[0012] Use a 29-mesh insect-proof net to fully cover the greenhouse, and use a sunshade net with a shading rate of 35% to cover the roof outside the greenhouse (the sunshade net can be omitted when the temperature is low);
[0013] In the greenhouse, 1.5 to 2.1 meters away from the edge of the greenhouse, two rows of dwarf fruit trees are planted along the length of the greenhouse, with a spacing of 1.8 to 2.2 meters. The space between the fruit tree rows is used as a leafy vegetable planting area;
[0014] S2. Leafy vegetable variety selection: Choose leafy vegetable varieties that are heat-resistant, disease-resistant, and have a short growth cycle;
[0015] S3. Soil management: 10-15 days before planting, deep plow the greenhouse soil to a depth of 25-30 cm, and apply 2-4 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, and 15-25 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu. Spread the organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer evenly on the soil surface, and then deep plow into the soil;
[0016] S4. Seedling raising and transplanting: Seedlings are raised in plug trays in the nursery shed. After the seedlings are 20 to 25 days old, they are transplanted at a density of 13 to 18 cm between rows and 13 to 18 cm between plants.
[0017] S5. Water and fertilizer management:
[0018] After planting, open the roof of the greenhouse for ventilation, water the plants in the morning and evening during the seedling acclimatization period, and stop watering after the seedlings have settled.
[0019] 7 to 12 days after transplanting, apply urea with water, 3 to 5 kg per mu, to promote the growth of leafy vegetables;
[0020] 18 to 23 days after transplanting, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 4 to 6 kg of urea and 1 to 3 kg of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu to enhance plant resistance;
[0021] S6. Pest and disease management:
[0022] 3-7 days after transplanting, hang a yellow-blue board 15-20 cm above the plant. 13-17 days after transplanting, adjust the height of the yellow-blue board as the plant grows.
[0023] S7. Harvesting:
[0024] Harvest 25 to 30 days after transplanting.
[0025] As an improvement, in S1, the fruit tree is selected from a fruit tree variety grafted with a dwarf rootstock.
[0026] As an improvement, in S5, the number of yellow boards hung is 18 to 22, and the number of blue boards hung is 18 to 22.
[0027] As an improvement, in S4, the roof is opened until the harvest is completed.
[0028] As an improvement, after transplanting, manual weeding is required every 3 to 5 days.
[0029] The advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are:
[0030] 1. Through the fruit-vegetable symbiosis model, the temperature in the greenhouse is lowered by using the shade of fruit trees and the opening of the roof, providing suitable environmental conditions for the growth of leafy vegetables. At the same time, combined with physical control measures such as insect-proof nets and hanging yellow and blue boards, the incidence of pests and diseases is effectively reduced, and the use of pesticides is reduced;
[0031] 2. The interaction between the roots of fruit trees and leafy vegetables improves soil structure and soil fertility. At the same time, the use of pesticide-free planting methods reduces the use of chemical pesticides, reduces the risk of pesticide residues, improves the safety and quality of agricultural products, and after being nourished by the sun and rain, the taste is better and the quality is higher;
[0032] 3. Use insect-proof nets instead of pesticides for prevention and control. Add yellow and blue boards in summer and autumn. The greenhouse is designed with a fully open roof and adopts a fruit-vegetable symbiosis model, which can effectively regulate the temperature in the greenhouse. At the same time, combined with the transplanting method, the growth cycle of leafy vegetables in the greenhouse is greatly shortened, and harvesting is carried out before pests and diseases occur;
[0033] 4. This planting method adopts a pesticide-free planting method, fully utilizes the greenhouse space, improves land use efficiency, and reduces planting costs while improving the safety and quality of agricultural products, while also increasing the selling price and market competitiveness of leafy vegetables. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the invention, not all of the embodiments.
[0035] Embodiment 1
[0036] A pesticide-free vegetable planting method based on a fruit-vegetable symbiotic model comprises the following steps:
[0037] S1. Greenhouse selection and renovation:
[0038] Choose a standard greenhouse with a length of 30 meters, a width of 6 meters, and a height of about 2.5 meters. Modify the roof so that it can be opened on both sides;
[0039] Use a 29-mesh insect-proof net to fully cover the greenhouse, and use a sunshade net with a shading rate of 35% to cover the roof outside the greenhouse (the sunshade net can be omitted when the temperature is low);
[0040] In the greenhouse, two rows of dwarf fruit trees are planted 1.5 meters away from the edge of the greenhouse along the length of the greenhouse, with a spacing of 1.8 meters between the fruit trees. The areas between the rows of fruit trees are used as leafy vegetable planting areas. At the same time, the fruit trees need to be pruned regularly to maintain good tree shape and ventilation and light conditions.
[0041] In the specific implementation, the fruit tree is selected from the variety of fruit trees grafted with dwarf rootstocks. In the present embodiment, the fruit tree can be selected from dwarf apples, dwarf pears, dwarf peaches and the like.
[0042] S2. Leafy vegetable variety selection: select leafy vegetable varieties that are heat-resistant, disease-resistant, and have a short growth cycle; in this embodiment, the leafy vegetable varieties can be selected from Huawang greens, 605 greens, heat-resistant spinach, heat-resistant lettuce, etc.
[0043] S3. Soil management: 10 days before planting, deep plow the greenhouse soil to a depth of 25 cm, and apply 2 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, such as decomposed cow dung, chicken manure, etc.; apply 15 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu, evenly spread the organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer on the soil surface, and then deep plow into the soil;
[0044] S4. Seedling transplanting: Use plug trays to grow seedlings in the nursery shed. After the seedlings are 20 days old, they are transplanted at a density of 13 cm between rows and plants. Choose a cloudy day or evening to transplant to avoid damage to the seedlings from high temperatures.
[0045] After transplanting, manual weeding is required every 3 days.
[0046] S5. Water and fertilizer management:
[0047] After planting, open the roof of the greenhouse for ventilation, water the plants in the morning and evening during the seedling acclimatization period, and stop watering after the seedlings have settled.
[0048] Seven days after transplanting, apply urea with water at 3 kg per mu to promote the growth of leafy vegetables;
[0049] 18 days after transplanting, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 4 kg of urea and 1 kg of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu to enhance plant resistance.
[0050] S6. Pest and disease management:
[0051] Three days after transplanting, hang a yellow-blue board 15 cm above the plant. Thirteen days after transplanting, adjust the height of the yellow-blue board as the plant grows.
[0052] Specifically, the number of yellow boards hung is 18 to 22, and the number of blue boards hung is 18. During the specific implementation, 4 more yellow and blue boards are hung at the entrance of the greenhouse.
[0053] S7. Harvesting:
[0054] Harvest 25 days after transplanting.
[0055] Embodiment 2
[0056] A pesticide-free vegetable planting method based on a fruit-vegetable symbiotic model comprises the following steps:
[0057] S1. Greenhouse selection and renovation:
[0058] Choose a standard greenhouse with a length of 40 meters, a width of 8 meters and a height of about 3 meters, and modify the roof so that it can be opened on both sides;
[0059] Use a 29-mesh insect-proof net to fully cover the greenhouse, and use a sunshade net with a shading rate of 35% to cover the roof outside the greenhouse (the sunshade net can be omitted when the temperature is low);
[0060] In the greenhouse, two rows of dwarf fruit trees are planted 1.8 meters away from the edge of the greenhouse along the length of the greenhouse, with a spacing of 2 meters between the fruit trees. The space between the rows of fruit trees is used as a leafy vegetable planting area. At the same time, the fruit trees need to be pruned regularly to maintain good tree shape and ventilation and light conditions.
[0061] In the specific implementation, the fruit tree is selected from the variety of fruit trees grafted with dwarf rootstocks. In the present embodiment, the fruit tree can be selected from dwarf apples, dwarf pears, dwarf peaches and the like.
[0062] S2. Leafy vegetable variety selection: select leafy vegetable varieties that are heat-resistant, disease-resistant, and have a short growth cycle; in this embodiment, the leafy vegetable varieties can be selected from Huawang greens, 605 greens, heat-resistant spinach, heat-resistant lettuce, etc.
[0063] S3. Soil management: 12 days before planting, deep plow the greenhouse soil to a depth of 28 cm, and apply 3 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, such as decomposed cow dung, chicken manure, etc.; apply 20 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu, spread the organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer evenly on the soil surface, and then deep plow into the soil;
[0064] S4. Seedling transplanting: Use plug trays to grow seedlings in the nursery shed. After the seedlings are 20 to 25 days old, they are transplanted at a density of 15 cm between rows and 15 cm between plants. Choose a cloudy day or evening to transplant to avoid damage to the seedlings from high temperatures.
[0065] After transplanting, manual weeding is required every 4 days.
[0066] S5. Water and fertilizer management:
[0067] After planting, open the roof of the greenhouse for ventilation, water the plants in the morning and evening during the seedling acclimatization period, and stop watering after the seedlings have settled.
[0068] Ten days after transplanting, apply urea with water at 4 kg per mu to promote the growth of leafy vegetables;
[0069] 20 days after transplanting, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 5 kg of urea and 2 kg of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu to enhance plant resistance.
[0070] S6. Pest and disease management:
[0071] Five days after transplanting, hang a yellow-blue board 18 cm above the plant. Fifteen days after transplanting, adjust the height of the yellow-blue board as the plant grows.
[0072] Specifically, the number of yellow boards hung is 20, and the number of blue boards hung is 20. During the specific implementation, 4 more yellow and blue boards are hung at the entrance of the greenhouse.
[0073] S7. Harvesting:
[0074] Harvest 28 days after transplanting.
[0075] Embodiment 3
[0076] A pesticide-free vegetable planting method based on a fruit-vegetable symbiotic model comprises the following steps:
[0077] S1. Greenhouse selection and renovation:
[0078] Choose a standard greenhouse with a length of 50 meters, a width of 10 meters, and a height of about 3.5 meters. Modify the roof so that it can be opened on both sides.
[0079] Use a 29-mesh insect-proof net to fully cover the greenhouse, and use a sunshade net with a shading rate of 35% to cover the roof outside the greenhouse (the sunshade net can be omitted when the temperature is low);
[0080] In the greenhouse, two rows of dwarf fruit trees are planted 2.1 meters away from the edge of the greenhouse along the length of the greenhouse, with a spacing of 2.2 meters between the fruit trees. The areas between the rows of fruit trees are used as leafy vegetable planting areas. At the same time, the fruit trees need to be pruned regularly to maintain good tree shape and ventilation and light conditions.
[0081] In the specific implementation, the fruit tree is selected from the variety of fruit trees grafted with dwarf rootstocks. In the present embodiment, the fruit tree can be selected from dwarf apples, dwarf pears, dwarf peaches and the like.
[0082] S2. Leafy vegetable variety selection: select leafy vegetable varieties that are heat-resistant, disease-resistant, and have a short growth cycle; in this embodiment, the leafy vegetable varieties can be selected from Huawang greens, 605 greens, heat-resistant spinach, heat-resistant lettuce, etc.
[0083] S3. Soil management: 10-15 days before planting, deep plow the greenhouse soil to a depth of 30 cm, and apply 4 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, such as decomposed cow dung, chicken manure, etc.; apply 25 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu, evenly spread the organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer on the soil surface, and then deep plow into the soil;
[0084] S4. Seedling transplanting: Use hole trays to grow seedlings in the nursery shed. After the seedlings are 25 days old, they are transplanted at a density of 18 cm between rows and plants. Choose a cloudy day or evening to transplant to avoid damage to the seedlings from high temperatures.
[0085] After transplanting, manual weeding is required every 5 days.
[0086] S5. Water and fertilizer management:
[0087] After planting, open the roof of the greenhouse for ventilation, water the plants in the morning and evening during the seedling acclimatization period, and stop watering after the seedlings have settled.
[0088] 12 days after transplanting, apply urea with water at 5 kg per mu to promote the growth of leafy vegetables;
[0089] 23 days after transplanting, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 6 kg of urea and 3 kg of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu to enhance plant resistance.
[0090] S6. Pest and disease management:
[0091] 3 to 7 days after transplanting, hang a yellow-blue board 15 to 20 cm above the plant. 17 days after transplanting, adjust the height of the yellow-blue board as the plant grows.
[0092] Specifically, the number of yellow boards hung is 22, and the number of blue boards hung is 22. During the specific implementation, 4 more yellow and blue boards are hung at the entrance of the greenhouse.
[0093] S7. Harvesting:
[0094] Harvest 30 days after transplanting.
[0095] The present invention and its implementation methods are described above, which is not restrictive and is only one of the implementation methods of the present invention. The actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if ordinary technicians in the field are inspired by it and design structural methods and embodiments similar to the technical solution without creativity without departing from the purpose of the invention, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A pesticide-free vegetable planting method based on a fruit-vegetable symbiotic model, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Greenhouse selection and renovation: Choose a standard greenhouse with a length of 30-50 meters, a width of 6-10 meters, and a height of about 2.5-3.5 meters. By modifying the roof, the roof can be opened to both sides and the top; Use 29-mesh insect-proof nets to fully cover the greenhouse, and use a sunshade net with a shading rate of 35% to cover the roof outside the greenhouse; In the greenhouse, 1.5 to 2.1 meters away from the edge of the greenhouse, two rows of dwarf fruit trees are planted along the length of the greenhouse, with a spacing of 1.8 to 2.2 meters. The space between the fruit tree rows is used as a leafy vegetable planting area; S2. Leafy vegetable variety selection: Choose leafy vegetable varieties that are heat-resistant, disease-resistant, and have a short growth cycle; S3. Soil management: 10-15 days before planting, deep plow the greenhouse soil to a depth of 25-30 cm, and apply 2-4 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, and 15-25 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu. Spread the organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer evenly on the soil surface, and then deep plow into the soil; S4. Seedling raising and transplanting: Seedlings are raised in plug trays in the nursery shed. After the seedlings are 20 to 25 days old, they are transplanted at a density of 13 to 18 cm between rows and 13 to 18 cm between plants. S5. Water and fertilizer management: After planting, open the roof of the greenhouse for ventilation, water the plants in the morning and evening during the seedling acclimatization period, and stop watering after the seedlings have settled. 7 to 12 days after transplanting, apply urea with water, 3 to 5 kg per mu, to promote the growth of leafy vegetables; 18 to 23 days after transplanting, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, 4 to 6 kg of urea and 1 to 3 kg of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu to enhance plant resistance; S6. Pest and disease management: 3-7 days after transplanting, hang a yellow-blue board 15-20 cm above the plant. 13-17 days after transplanting, adjust the height of the yellow-blue board as the plant grows. S7. Harvesting: Harvest 25 to 30 days after transplanting.
2. The pesticide-free vegetable planting method based on the fruit-vegetable symbiosis model according to claim 1 is characterized by: In S1, the fruit tree is selected from a dwarf rootstock grafted fruit tree variety.
3. The pesticide-free vegetable planting method based on the fruit-vegetable symbiosis model according to claim 1 is characterized by: In S6, the number of yellow plates hung is 18 to 22, and the number of blue plates hung is 18 to 22.
4. The pesticide-free vegetable planting method based on the fruit-vegetable symbiosis model according to claim 1 is characterized by: In S5, the roof is opened until the harvest is finished.
5. The pesticide-free vegetable planting method based on the fruit-vegetable symbiosis model according to claim 1 is characterized by: After transplanting, manual weeding is required every 3 to 5 days.