Preparation and use method of fertilizer for promoting rooting and swelling of plants

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation and use method of a fertilizer for promoting plant rooting and fruit swelling, and relates to the technical field of vegetable and fruit planting. The preparation method of the fertilizer for promoting rooting and swelling of the plants mainly comprises the following steps: fermenting the straws, the edible fungus residues, the trehalose and the tea leaf residues through trichoderma harzianum and lactobacillus plantarum, then filtering a fermentation product, mixing filter residues with animal manure and retting to prepare a solid organic fertilizer, adding folic acid, disodium succinate and caffeine into filtrate to serve as liquid fertilizers, and fermenting to obtain the fertilizer for promoting rooting and swelling of the plants. Fertilization management is carried out in the seedling raising and transplanting periods of the plants. The defects in the prior art are overcome, the solid organic fertilizer and the liquid fertilizer are compounded for use, the rooting effect of plant seeds in the seedling raising period is effectively promoted, meanwhile, follow-up transplanting is facilitated, meanwhile, high yield of follow-up crops and swelling of fruits can be effectively promoted, and the economic benefit of planting is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fruit and vegetable planting, and in particular to a method for preparing and using a fertilizer for promoting plant rooting and fruit swelling. Background Art

[0002] Artificial propagation of plants generally involves raising seedlings and subsequently transplanting the grown seedlings. Especially for large-scale agricultural crop planting, transplanting after raising seedlings can effectively improve the economic benefits of planting, replenish seedlings in time, and reduce planting losses.

[0003] In the existing crop planting process, seeds are usually germinated, grown and rooted in a nursery bed or a nursery tray before being transplanted. The development of the root system has a great influence on the survival rate of subsequent transplanting and the yield of planting. Generally, organic fertilizer is used as a fertilizer for seedling strengthening and root promotion during the seedling period. In order to further improve the growth performance of crops in the seedling period, it is a conventional method to optimize the corresponding fertilizer. For example, the "a root-promoting fertilizer for seedlings" disclosed in application No. 201310498446.7 uses ochre, duck manure, cow manure, mealworm powder, seaweed powder, food residues, trace elements, riverbed silt, calamine, urea and other ingredients as root-promoting fertilizers, but it can often only be used as a root-promoting fertilizer in the seedling period, and there is no relevant description for the subsequent high yield and fruit swelling of crops.

[0004] Plant growth hormones are currently used in agriculture to increase the fruit size of crops. However, improper use of plant growth hormones can cause fruit deformities or even cracking, leading to a decrease in the quality of the final product. On this basis, a fertilizer that promotes rooting and subsequent fruit expansion can effectively improve the economic benefits of large-scale agricultural plantings. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for preparing and using a fertilizer for promoting plant rooting and fruit swelling, wherein solid organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer are used in combination, which can effectively promote the rooting effect of plant seeds in the seedling stage while facilitating subsequent transplanting, and can effectively promote the subsequent high yield of crops and the swelling of fruits, thereby improving the economic benefits of planting.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A method for preparing a fertilizer for promoting plant rooting and fruit expansion, wherein the fertilizer is divided into solid organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer, and the method for preparing the fertilizer comprises the following steps: S1. Inoculate Trichoderma harzianum into liquid PDA culture medium, activate and culture for 10-20 hours, and obtain activated Trichoderma harzianum seed liquid for standby use; S2, inoculating Lactobacillus plantarum into MRS medium, activating and culturing for 8-12h, and obtaining activated Lactobacillus plantarum seed solution for standby use; S3, mixing straw and edible fungus residue in any proportion to prepare a mixture, adding deionized water to the mixture and stirring to prepare a mixed slurry, then inoculating Trichoderma harzianum seed liquid, fermenting for 1-2 days, and obtaining a preliminary fermentation material for standby use; S4, adding trehalose and tea residues to the above-mentioned primary fermentation material, mixing evenly, and then inoculating Lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid, and continuing to ferment for 1-2 days to obtain a secondary fermentation material for standby use; S5, squeezing the secondary fermentation material and filtering to obtain a filter residue and a filtrate, mixing the filter residue with animal feces in an equal mass ratio for fermentation for 2-6 days, and then drying to obtain a solid organic fertilizer; S6. Add folic acid, disodium succinate and caffeine to the filtrate, mix and stir evenly to obtain liquid fertilizer.

[0007] Preferably, in step S1, the inoculation amount of Trichoderma harzianum inoculated into the liquid PDA culture medium is 0.2%-0.4% of the total mass of the liquid PDA culture medium, and the spore content of Trichoderma harzianum is ≥10 billion / g, and the temperature of the activation culture is 27±1°C.

[0008] Preferably, in step S2, the inoculation amount of Lactobacillus plantarum inoculated into the MRS medium is 0.1%-0.2% of the total mass of the MRS medium, the spore content of Lactobacillus plantarum is ≥20 billion / g, and the temperature of the activation culture is 37±1°C.

[0009] Preferably, the components in steps S3 and S4 are added according to the following weight portions: 10-30 parts of mixed material, 0.1-0.5 parts of trehalose, 2-4 parts of tea residues, and 80-120 parts of deionized water.

[0010] Preferably, the inoculation amount of Trichoderma harzianum seed solution in step S3 is 0.2%-0.4% of the total mass of the mixed slurry, and the fermentation temperature is 27±1°C; the inoculation amount of Lactobacillus plantarum seed solution in step S4 is 0.15%-0.25% of the total mass of the preliminary fermentation material, and the fermentation temperature is 35±1°C.

[0011] Preferably, the added amounts of the components in the liquid fertilizer in step S6 are: 25-40 µg / mL of folic acid, 15-30 µg / mL of disodium succinate, and 40-60 µg / mL of caffeine.

[0012] The method of using fertilizer includes the following steps: (1) During the seedling stage of plant seeds, add solid organic fertilizer and conventional substrate as seedling substrate; (2) During the seedling raising period, first dilute the liquid fertilizer 20-40 times to irrigate the substrate thoroughly before sowing and raising seedlings; (3) During the planting period, solid organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and liquid fertilizer is sprayed 3-5 times starting from the flowering period of the plant, with an interval of 7-10 days between each spraying, and the dilution multiple of the sprayed liquid fertilizer is 10-20 times.

[0013] Preferably, the content of the mixed solid organic fertilizer in the matrix in step (1) is 15%-30%.

[0014] Preferably, the water content of the substrate after watering in step (2) is 80%-100%.

[0015] Preferably, in step (3), the spraying amount is 100-150 mL per plant at the root.

[0016] And for different plants, the specific planting process includes fertilization and planting management according to the growth needs of the plant.

[0017] The present invention provides a method for preparing and using a fertilizer for promoting plant rooting and fruit swelling, which has the following advantages over the prior art: The present invention adopts Trichoderma harzianum and Lactobacillus plantarum to ferment straw and edible fungus residue to prepare solid organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer respectively. The fermentation product can effectively promote the growth of the root system of the plant seed seedling process, and achieve strong seedlings, and improve the survival rate of subsequent transplanting. At the same time, the solid organic fertilizer is used in combination with the liquid fertilizer to achieve high yield of subsequent plant fruits, and the purpose of fruit swelling is achieved while ensuring the quality of the fruit, thereby further improving the economic benefits of crops in large-scale agricultural planting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 The pictures are a comparison of the whole-plant tomato seedlings of Experimental Group 1 (left) and Experimental Group 8 (right) at 15 days of seedling cultivation in Example 2; Figure 2 Comparative pictures of tomato fruits in planting area 2 (left) and planting area 1 (right) 145 days after transplanting in Example 2; Figure 3 These are whole-plant comparison pictures of pepper seedlings of experimental group 9 (left) and experimental group 16 (right) in Example 3, which were grown for 25 days. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] The Trichoderma harzianum used in the following Example 1 was purchased from the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, with a deposit number of CGMCC No.13764, and the spore content of Trichoderma harzianum was ≥10 billion / g, and the Lactobacillus plantarum was purchased from the Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, with a deposit number of CGMCC No.17956, and the spore content of Lactobacillus plantarum was ≥20 billion / g.

[0021] Embodiment 1: 1. Activation of bacteria: Inoculate 0.3% of the total mass of the liquid PDA medium with Trichoderma harzianum into the liquid PDA medium, and culture at 27°C for 15 hours to obtain an activated Trichoderma harzianum seed solution; The Lactobacillus plantarum was inoculated into the MRS culture medium at 0.15% of the total mass of the MRS culture medium, and cultured at 37° C. for 10 h to obtain an activated Lactobacillus plantarum seed solution.

[0022] 2. Preparation of fertilizer: 2.1. Preparation of solid organic fertilizer 1 and liquid fertilizer 1: (1) Prepare the following materials by weight: 10 parts of mixed material (corn stalks, edible fungus residues, etc. mixed and crushed), 0.1 parts of trehalose, 2 parts of tea residues, and 80 parts of deionized water; (2) adding deionized water to the mixture and stirring to form a mixed slurry, then inoculating 0.2% of the total mass of the mixed slurry with Trichoderma harzianum seed liquid, fermenting at 27° C. for 2 days, and obtaining a preliminary fermentation material for use; (3) Add trehalose and tea residue to the primary fermentation material and mix well, then inoculate 0.15% of the total mass of the primary fermentation material with Lactobacillus plantarum seed solution, adjust the temperature to 35° C., continue fermentation for 2 days, and obtain the secondary fermentation material for use; (4) The secondary fermentation material is squeezed and filtered to obtain a filter residue and a filtrate, the filter residue is mixed with chicken manure in an equal mass ratio and fermented for 2 days, and then dried at 45° C. to obtain a solid organic fertilizer 1; (5) Add folic acid, disodium succinate and caffeine to the filtrate, mix and stir evenly to obtain liquid fertilizer 1.

[0023] According to the above operation, the filtrate was obtained, and several experimental groups were set up to prepare different liquid fertilizers according to the component contents in Table 1 below: Table 1

[0024] 2.2. Preparation of solid organic fertilizer 2 and liquid fertilizer 2: (1) Prepare the following materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of mixed material (corn stalks, edible fungus residues, etc. mixed and crushed), 0.5 parts of trehalose, 4 parts of tea residues, and 120 parts of deionized water; (2) adding deionized water to the mixture and stirring to form a mixed slurry, then inoculating 0.4% of the total mass of the mixed slurry with Trichoderma harzianum seed liquid, fermenting at 27° C. for 1 day, and obtaining a preliminary fermentation material for use; (3) Add trehalose and tea residues to the primary fermentation material and mix them evenly, then inoculate 0.25% of the total mass of the primary fermentation material with Lactobacillus plantarum seed solution, adjust the temperature to 35° C., continue fermentation for 1 day, and obtain the secondary fermentation material for use; (4) The secondary fermentation material is squeezed and filtered to obtain a residue and a filtrate, the residue is mixed with chicken manure in an equal mass ratio and fermented for 6 days, and then dried at 45° C. to obtain solid organic fertilizer 2; (5) Add folic acid, disodium succinate and caffeine to the above filtrate, mix and stir evenly to prepare liquid fertilizer 2, in which the content of each component is: folic acid 40 µg / mL, disodium succinate 30 µg / mL, and caffeine 60 µg / mL.

[0025] 2.3. Preparation of solid organic fertilizer 3 and liquid fertilizer 3: (1) Prepare the following materials by weight: 10 parts of mixed material (corn stalks, edible fungus residues, etc. mixed and crushed), 0.1 parts of trehalose, 2 parts of tea residues, and 80 parts of deionized water; (2) adding deionized water to the mixture and stirring to form a mixed slurry, then inoculating 0.2% of the total mass of the mixed slurry with Trichoderma harzianum seed liquid, fermenting at 27° C. for 2 days, and obtaining a preliminary fermentation material for use; (3) Add trehalose and tea dregs to the above primary fermentation material and mix them evenly, and continue fermenting for 2 days to obtain a secondary fermentation material for use; (4) The secondary fermentation material is squeezed and filtered to obtain a filter residue and a filtrate, and the filter residue is mixed with chicken manure in an equal mass ratio and fermented for 2 days, and then dried at 45° C. to obtain solid organic fertilizer 3; (5) Add folic acid, disodium succinate and caffeine to the above filtrate, mix and stir evenly to prepare liquid fertilizer 3, in which the content of each component is: folic acid 25 µg / mL, disodium succinate 15 µg / mL, and caffeine 40 µg / mL.

[0026] 2.4. Preparation of solid organic fertilizer 4 and liquid fertilizer 4: (1) Prepare the following materials by weight: 10 parts of mixed material (corn stalks, edible fungus residues, etc. mixed and crushed), 0.1 parts of trehalose, 2 parts of tea residues, and 80 parts of deionized water; (2) adding deionized water to the mixture and stirring to form a mixed slurry, then inoculating 0.15% of the total mass of the mixed slurry with Lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid, fermenting at 35° C. for 2 days, and obtaining a preliminary fermentation material for use; (3) Add trehalose and tea dregs to the above primary fermentation material and mix them evenly, and continue fermenting for 2 days to obtain a secondary fermentation material for use; (4) The secondary fermentation material is squeezed and filtered to obtain a filter residue and a filtrate, the filter residue is mixed with chicken manure in an equal mass ratio and fermented for 2 days, and then dried at 45° C. to obtain solid organic fertilizer 4; (5) Add folic acid, disodium succinate and caffeine to the above filtrate, mix and stir evenly to prepare liquid fertilizer 4, in which the content of each component is: folic acid 25 µg / mL, disodium succinate 15 µg / mL, and caffeine 40 µg / mL. Test example

[0027] Tomato seeds of Dongnong 716 were selected as planting materials, and a tomato seedling medium was selected, which was obtained by mixing wood ash, garden soil, and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 3:1:2. A total of 8 seedling trays with 100 holes were set, and different organic fertilizers accounting for 25% of the total mass of the matrix were added to the seedling matrix in each group of the trays according to Table 2 below, and the matrix was irrigated with different liquid fertilizers (water content was 80%-100%); Table 2

[0028] 1. Seedling treatment: Soak the tomato seeds in warm water and germinate them at a constant temperature of 28°C. Then add the germinated seeds to the seedling trays of each group, add one seed to each hole, cover the substrate, control the seedling temperature at 25±2°C, control the light intensity for 12 hours per day, and the relative humidity at 70%-75%; The emergence rate of each group at 10 days was observed, and 20 tomato seedlings that emerged from each group were randomly selected at 15 days after sowing to calculate the average plant height, stem thickness and root length of the average tomato seedlings. The specific results are shown in Table 3 below: Table 3

[0029] It can be seen from the above table that the tomato seedlings cultivated in experimental groups 1 and 5 have higher growth efficiency.

[0030] 2. Cultivation and treatment: According to the method in the above experimental group 1, 25-day-old tomato seedlings were obtained and transplanted into the greenhouse. Two planting areas were set before transplanting. Base fertilizer (500 kg / mu) was added to each planting area for soil turning. On March 10, 2023, the tomato seedlings were transplanted into the greenhouse and watered thoroughly for fixed values ​​(2,500 plants per mu). After fixed values, the daytime temperature was maintained at 29-32°C and the nighttime temperature was maintained at 15-18°C. After a 4-7-day seedling acclimatization period, the temperature was controlled at 24-25°C during the day and 15-17°C at night. After setting the value, keep the relative humidity of the air at 62%~65% and the soil moisture at 76%~84%. Apply topdressing once before flowering, 30kg of diammonium phosphate and 40kg of potassium sulfate per hectare; During the flowering period, liquid fertilizer was diluted 15 times and sprayed on the roots of tomatoes at a rate of 120 mL per plant, and sprayed again every 7 days, for a total of 4 times. The rest of the management was the same as that of conventional tomato planting, and the base fertilizer and liquid fertilizer used in each planting area were shown in Table 4 below: Table 4

[0031] The tomato yield of each planting area was detected, and 50 tomato fruits were randomly selected to calculate the average weight of tomatoes in each planting area. The specific results are shown in Table 5 below: Table 5

[0032] It can be seen from the above table that the use of solid organic fertilizer 1 and liquid fertilizer 1A can effectively increase yield and promote the enlargement of tomato fruits.

[0033] Select "Brilliant Red" chili pepper seeds as planting materials, select chili pepper seedling medium obtained by mixing coconut bran, garden soil and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 2:2:1, set 8 seedling trays with 100 holes, add different organic fertilizers accounting for 25% of the total mass of the matrix to the seedling matrix in each group of trays according to Table 6 below, mix well, and use different liquid fertilizers to irrigate the matrix thoroughly (water content is 80%-100%); Table 6

[0034] 1. Seedling treatment: Add pepper seeds to the seedling trays of each group, add one seed to each hole, cover the substrate by 5 cm, control the seedling temperature at 22±2℃, control the light intensity for 12 hours per day, and the relative humidity at 65%-75%; The emergence rate of each group at 15 days was observed, and 20 chili pepper seedlings that emerged from each group were randomly selected at 22 days after sowing, and the average plant height, stem diameter and root length of the chili pepper seedlings were calculated. The specific results are shown in Table 7 below: Table 7

[0035] It can be seen from the above table that the seedling raising methods of experimental groups 9 and 13 can effectively improve the germination rate of chili pepper and promote the root growth of chili pepper seedlings.

[0036] 2. Cultivation and treatment: According to the method in the above experimental group 9, the 38-day-old chili pepper seedlings were obtained and transplanted into the greenhouse. Two planting areas were set before transplanting. Each planting area was added with base fertilizer (600 kg / mu) to turn the soil. The seedlings were transplanted on September 20, 2023, and watered thoroughly after transplanting for fixed value (820 plants per mu); Keep the soil moist after setting the value, and water and fertilizer (21-6-21 compound fertilizer) once 10 days after transplanting, use 3.5 kg / mu, and then apply it every 15 days until the flowering period. During the flowering period, apply 15-5-22 compound fertilizer 10 kg / mu, and apply it every 20 days until the fruit is formed. In addition, during the flowering period, dilute the liquid fertilizer 15 times and spray it on the roots of the chili pepper at 120 mL per plant, and spray it again every 7 days, for a total of 3 times. The rest of the management is the same as the conventional chili pepper planting, and the base fertilizer and liquid fertilizer used in each planting area are shown in Table 8 below: Table 8

[0037] The yield of chili pepper in each planting area was detected, and 100 chili pepper fruits were randomly selected to calculate the average weight of chili pepper in each planting area. The specific results are shown in Table 9 below: Table 9

[0038] It can be seen from the above table that the use of solid organic fertilizer 1 combined with liquid fertilizer 1A to assist in the planting of chili peppers in planting area 3 can effectively promote the yield of chili peppers and increase the weight of individual chili peppers.

[0039] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a fertilizer for promoting plant rooting and fruit expansion, characterized in that: The fertilizer is divided into solid organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer, and the preparation method of the fertilizer comprises the following steps: S1. Inoculate Trichoderma harzianum into liquid PDA culture medium, activate and culture for 10-20 hours, and obtain activated Trichoderma harzianum seed liquid for standby use; S2, inoculating Lactobacillus plantarum into MRS medium, activating and culturing for 8-12h, and obtaining activated Lactobacillus plantarum seed solution for standby use; S3, mixing straw and edible fungus residue in any proportion to prepare a mixture, adding deionized water to the mixture and stirring to prepare a mixed slurry, then inoculating Trichoderma harzianum seed liquid, fermenting for 1-2 days, and obtaining a preliminary fermentation material for standby use; S4, adding trehalose and tea residues to the above-mentioned primary fermentation material, mixing evenly, and then inoculating Lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid, and continuing to ferment for 1-2 days to obtain a secondary fermentation material for standby use; S5, squeezing the secondary fermentation material and filtering to obtain a filter residue and a filtrate, mixing the filter residue with animal feces in an equal mass ratio for fermentation for 2-6 days, and then drying to obtain a solid organic fertilizer; S6. Add folic acid, disodium succinate and caffeine to the filtrate, mix and stir evenly to obtain liquid fertilizer.

2. The method for preparing fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the inoculation amount of Trichoderma harzianum inoculated into the liquid PDA culture medium is 0.2%-0.4% of the total mass of the liquid PDA culture medium, and the spore content of Trichoderma harzianum is ≥10 billion / g, and the temperature of the activation culture is 27±1°C.

3. The method for preparing fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, the inoculation amount of Lactobacillus plantarum inoculated into the MRS culture medium is 0.1%-0.2% of the total mass of the MRS culture medium, and the spore content of Lactobacillus plantarum is ≥20 billion / g, and the temperature of the activation culture is 37±1°C.

4. The method for preparing fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the steps S3 and S4, the components are added according to the following weight parts: 10-30 parts of the mixture, 0.1-0.5 parts of trehalose, 2-4 parts of tea residues, and 80-120 parts of deionized water.

5. The method for preparing fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the inoculation amount of Trichoderma harzianum seed solution is 0.2%-0.4% of the total mass of the mixed slurry, and the fermentation temperature is 27±1°C; in step S4, the inoculation amount of Lactobacillus plantarum seed solution is 0.15%-0.25% of the total mass of the preliminary fermentation material, and the fermentation temperature is 35±1°C.

6. The method for preparing fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The added amounts of the components in the liquid fertilizer in step S6 are: 25-40 µg / mL of folic acid, 15-30 µg / mL of disodium succinate, and 40-60 µg / mL of caffeine.

7. A method for using the fertilizer prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: (1) During the seedling stage of plant seeds, add solid organic fertilizer and conventional substrate as seedling substrate; (2) During the seedling raising period, first dilute the liquid fertilizer 20-40 times to irrigate the substrate thoroughly before sowing and raising seedlings; (3) During the planting period, solid organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and liquid fertilizer is sprayed 3-5 times starting from the flowering period of the plant, with an interval of 7-10 days between each spraying, and the dilution multiple of the sprayed liquid fertilizer is 10-20 times.

8. The method for using the fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step (1), the content of the mixed solid organic fertilizer in the matrix is ​​15%-30%.

9. The method for using the fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that: After being watered thoroughly in step (2), the water content of the substrate is 80%-100%.

10. The method for using the fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step (3), the spraying amount is 100-150 mL per plant at the root.

Images