Modified charcoal-based fertilizer special for corn and preparation method of modified charcoal-based fertilizer
By combining modified biochar with other fertilizers, a modified biochar-based corn-specific fertilizer is prepared, which solves the problems of low fertilizer utilization and poor soil environment in existing fertilization technology, and achieves efficient nutrient utilization and soil Improvements have increased corn yields.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411441655.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-15
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-14
AI Technical Summary
The existing corn fertilization technology has problems such as low fertilizer utilization rate, poor absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by corn, as well as deterioration of soil environment, severe plate formation, and nutrient loss, which affect crop growth and yield.
A modified biochar-based corn fertilizer is prepared by combining modified biochar with urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and other fertilizers, and the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is improved through carbonization and granulation processes.
It improves the nutrient absorption rate of corn, reduces environmental pollution, simplifies the fertilization process, reduces labor costs, improves soil structure and physical and chemical properties, and increases corn yield.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of special fertilizers for corn, and in particular to a modified biochar-based special fertilizer for corn and a preparation method thereof. Background Art
[0002] In the process of corn planting, fertilization is one of the most important agricultural production measures. At present, the fertilization principle of corn is mostly based on organic fertilizer, with heavy nitrogen fertilizer, appropriate phosphorus fertilizer, increased potassium fertilizer, and micro-fertilizer. Farmyard manure is mixed with phosphorus, potassium, and micro-fertilizer as base fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used as topdressing. Farmers are required to apply sufficient base fertilizer in the field, followed by seedling fertilizer, and the third fertilization is bud fertilizer, so as to increase corn yield. However, no matter what method of fertilization is used, the fertilizer applied has the problems of low fertilizer utilization rate and poor absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium by corn. At the same time, due to long-term unreasonable fertilization methods, the soil environment has deteriorated, the compaction is serious, and the nutrient loss has caused problems. These obstacles have seriously affected the growth status and yield of crops. Summary of the invention
[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a modified biochar-based corn fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, so as to improve the nutrient utilization efficiency of crops, increase the fertilizer utilization rate, and reduce agricultural production costs.
[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
[0005] The invention provides a modified biochar-based special fertilizer for corn, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of urea, 15-25 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 5-15 parts of modified biochar, 10-20 parts of potassium chloride, and 5-15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate.
[0006] Preferably, the preparation method of the modified biochar is:
[0007] (1) Mixing crushed crop straw and crushed volcanic slag as raw materials for preparing biochar;
[0008] (2) The raw material is carbonized; the temperature raising procedure of the carbonization treatment is as follows: the initial temperature is 60-65°C, the temperature is raised to 450-550°C, and the temperature is kept for 1-1.5 hours, and then the temperature is further raised to 600-650°C, and the temperature is kept for 1-2 hours, and the modified biochar is obtained after cooling.
[0009] Preferably, the particle size of the crushed crop straw and the crushed volcanic slag is 60-80 meshes.
[0010] Preferably, the mass ratio of the crushed crop straw to the crushed volcanic slag is 1:(4-6).
[0011] Preferably, the heating rate is 20-30°C / min.
[0012] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the modified biochar-based corn fertilizer, comprising the following steps:
[0013] (1) urea, diammonium phosphate, modified biochar, potassium chloride, and calcium magnesium phosphate are crushed, mixed, and placed in a disc granulator, and a binder aqueous solution is sprayed into the pelletizer while stirring to obtain fertilizer granules;
[0014] (2) The fertilizer particles are sieved, and the fertilizer particles between 5 and 10 meshes are taken out for drying to obtain granular modified biochar corn fertilizer.
[0015] Preferably, the particle size of the urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, modified biochar, potassium chloride, and calcium magnesium phosphate after crushing is 60 to 80 meshes.
[0016] Preferably, the stirring speed is 35 to 55 r / min.
[0017] Preferably, the binder is a corn starch binder, and the amount of the binder is 0.3-0.5% of the total mass of the urea, high-phosphorus raw material, biochar, potassium sulfate, and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. The amount of water in the binder aqueous solution is calculated so that the moisture content of the material reaches 12-15%.
[0018] Preferably, the drying temperature is 60-70° C. and the drying time is 5-8 hours.
[0019] The present invention prepares modified biochar by using volcanic slag as a modified material of biochar, and prepares a modified biochar corn fertilizer by combining the modified biochar with other fertilizers. The corn fertilizer has high nutrient utilization rate, promotes corn's absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, reduces environmental pollution, and ultimately promotes corn growth and increases corn yield. It can be applied to the soil at one time without topdressing, which is simple and convenient, and reduces labor costs. At the same time, it can also improve the soil environment, increase the content of soil organic matter, increase the content of soil aggregates, increase soil porosity, and increase soil bulk density, thereby improving the problems of soil nutrient loss, deterioration of physical and chemical properties, and shallowing of the tillage layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.
[0021] Example 1
[0022] Urea: 45kg; Diammonium phosphate: 20kg; Modified biochar: 10kg; Potassium chloride 15kg; Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: 10kg.
[0023] 1. Preparation of nitrogen and potassium raw materials: Use a micro-crusher to crush and grind urea (nitrogen content 46.4%), diammonium hydrogen phosphate (nitrogen 18%, P 2 O 5 46%), potassium chloride (potassium oxide content is 60%), calcium magnesium phosphate, pass through an 80-mesh sieve, put the powder materials into bags and seal them (grind them before use).
[0024] 2. Preparation of modified biochar: corn stalks (80 mesh) were selected as the raw material for preparing biochar, and volcanic slag (80 mesh) was selected as the mineral modification material for biochar. After mixing at a mass ratio of 1:4, they were placed in a carbonization reactor for carbonization treatment. The heating program for carbonization treatment was: initial temperature 65°C, heating rate 25°C / min, rising to 500°C, and maintaining the temperature for 1 hour, then rising to 600°C at the same heating rate and maintaining for 2 hours, cooling to room temperature (25°C), and then grinding through an 80-mesh sieve for standby use.
[0025] 3. Preparation of granulation binder: When aldehyde compounds are used as cross-linking agents, starch undergoes cross-linking reaction:
[0026] 120g of edible corn starch was placed in a 1L glass beaker, 1000ml of cold water was added, and the mixture was dispersed into a slurry with a stirrer, the pH was adjusted to 2.5 with dilute sulfuric acid, and the mixture was heated to 95°C in a water bath for gelatinization for 1 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature (25°C), 8mL of 40% industrial formaldehyde solution was added, and the mixture was stirred for 30min to carry out a preliminary cross-linking reaction, and then the temperature was raised to 50°C, and the reaction was continued for 2h, and the pH was adjusted to about 7 with NaOH or ammonia water (sodium hydroxide solution used in this embodiment). The prepared granulation binder is soluble in water and can be directly diluted with warm water while stirring when used.
[0027] 4. Disc granulator granulation: According to the above ratio, the ground and sieved urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, calcium magnesium phosphate and modified biochar are mixed and added to the disc, the disc tilt angle (50°) and the rotation speed (45r / min) are adjusted, and the diluted binder aqueous solution is sprayed onto the material in the disc with a high-pressure sprayer, and stirred while spraying. After stirring evenly, disc granulation is performed. Among them, the amount of binder aqueous solution added is calculated based on the water content of the disc granulator material of 13%, and the amount of binder used is 0.4% of the weight of the material.
[0028] 5. Fertilizer granule screening and drying: After 30 minutes of disc granulation, the fertilizer granules prepared by the disc granulator are continuously passed through 5-mesh and 10-mesh sieves, and the fertilizer granules obtained on the 10-mesh sieve (under the 5-mesh sieve) are spread on a tray, and then the tray is placed in a constant temperature blast drying oven at 65°C for 5 hours. The large particles on the 5-mesh sieve and the small particles under the 10-mesh sieve are collected and returned to the disc granulator for re-processing and granulation, and the process of adding materials-spraying-stirring is repeated.
[0029] Example 2
[0030] Urea: 40kg; Diammonium phosphate: 15kg; Modified biochar: 15kg; Potassium chloride: 20kg; Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: 10kg.
[0031] 1. Preparation of nitrogen and potassium raw materials: Use a micro-crusher to crush and grind urea (nitrogen content 46.4%), diammonium hydrogen phosphate (nitrogen 18%, P 2 O 5 46%), potassium chloride (potassium oxide content is 60%), calcium magnesium phosphate, pass through an 80-mesh sieve, put the powder materials into bags and seal them (grind them before use).
[0032] 2. Preparation of modified biochar: corn stalks (80 mesh) were selected as the raw material for preparing biochar, and volcanic slag (80 mesh) was selected as the mineral modification material for biochar. After mixing at a mass ratio of 1:5, they were placed in a carbonization reactor for carbonization treatment. The heating program for carbonization treatment was: initial temperature 65°C, heating rate 25°C / min, rising to 450°C, and maintaining the temperature for 1.5 hours, then rising to 650°C at the same heating rate and maintaining for 1 hour, cooling to room temperature (25°C) and grinding through an 80-mesh sieve for standby use.
[0033] 3. Preparation of granulation binder: When aldehyde compounds are used as cross-linking agents, starch undergoes cross-linking reaction:
[0034] 120g of edible corn starch was placed in a 1L glass beaker, 1000ml of cold water was added, and the mixture was dispersed into a slurry with a stirrer, the pH was adjusted to 2.0 with dilute sulfuric acid, and the mixture was heated to 95°C in a water bath for gelatinization for 1 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature (25°C), 8mL of 40% industrial formaldehyde solution was added, and the mixture was stirred for 30min to carry out a preliminary cross-linking reaction, and then the temperature was raised to 50°C, and the reaction was continued for 2h, and the pH was adjusted to about 7 with NaOH or ammonia water (sodium hydroxide solution used in this embodiment). The prepared granulation binder is soluble in water and can be directly diluted with warm water while stirring when used.
[0035] 4. Disc granulator granulation: According to the above ratio, the ground and sieved urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, calcium magnesium phosphate and modified biochar are mixed and added to the disc, the disc tilt angle (40°) and the rotation speed (35r / min) are adjusted, and the diluted binder aqueous solution is sprayed onto the material in the disc with a high-pressure sprayer, and stirred while spraying. After stirring evenly, disc granulation is performed. Among them, the amount of binder aqueous solution added is calculated based on the water content of the disc granulator material of 12%, and the amount of binder used is 0.3% of the weight of the material.
[0036] 5. Fertilizer granule screening and drying: After 20 minutes of disc granulation, the fertilizer granules prepared by the disc granulator are continuously passed through 5-mesh and 10-mesh sieves, and the fertilizer granules obtained on the 10-mesh sieve (under the 5-mesh sieve) are spread on a tray, and then the tray is placed in a constant temperature blast drying oven at 65°C for 6 hours. The large particles on the 5-mesh sieve and the small particles under the 10-mesh sieve are collected and returned to the disc granulator for re-processing and granulation, and the process of adding materials-spraying-stirring is repeated.
[0037] Example 3
[0038] Urea: 35kg; Diammonium phosphate: 25kg; Modified biochar: 12kg; Potassium chloride: 20kg; Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: 8kg.
[0039] 1. Preparation of nitrogen and potassium raw materials: Use a micro-crusher to crush and grind urea (nitrogen content 46.4%), diammonium hydrogen phosphate (nitrogen 18%, P 2 O 5 46%), potassium chloride (potassium oxide content is 60%), calcium magnesium phosphate, pass through an 80-mesh sieve, put the powder materials into bags and seal them (grind them before use).
[0040] 2. Preparation of modified biochar: corn stalks (80 mesh) were selected as the raw material for preparing biochar, and volcanic slag (80 mesh) was selected as the mineral modification material for biochar. After mixing at a mass ratio of 1:6, they were placed in a carbonization reactor for carbonization treatment. The heating program for carbonization treatment was: initial temperature 65°C, heating rate 25°C / min, rising to 550°C, and maintaining the temperature for 1 hour, then rising to 600°C at the same heating rate and maintaining for 2 hours, cooling to room temperature (25°C) and grinding through an 80-mesh sieve for standby use.
[0041] 3. Preparation of granulation binder: When aldehyde compounds are used as cross-linking agents, starch undergoes cross-linking reaction:
[0042] 120g of edible corn starch was placed in a 1L glass beaker, 1000ml of cold water was added, and the mixture was dispersed into a slurry with a stirrer, the pH was adjusted to 3.0 with dilute sulfuric acid, and the mixture was heated to 95°C in a water bath for gelatinization for 1 hour while stirring, and then cooled to room temperature (25°C), 8mL of 40% industrial formaldehyde solution was added, and the mixture was stirred for 30min to carry out a preliminary cross-linking reaction, and then the temperature was raised to 50°C, and the reaction was continued for 2h, and the pH was adjusted to about 7 with NaOH or ammonia water (sodium hydroxide solution used in this embodiment). The prepared granulation binder is soluble in water and can be directly diluted with warm water while stirring when used.
[0043] 4. Disc granulator granulation: According to the above ratio, the ground and sieved urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, calcium magnesium phosphate and modified biochar are mixed and added to the disc, the disc tilt angle (60°) and the rotation speed (55r / min) are adjusted, and the diluted binder aqueous solution is sprayed onto the material in the disc with a high-pressure sprayer, and stirred while spraying. After stirring evenly, disc granulation is performed. Among them, the amount of binder aqueous solution added is calculated based on the water content of the disc granulator material of 14%, and the amount of binder is 0.5% of the weight of the material.
[0044] 5. Fertilizer granule screening and drying: After 40 minutes of disc granulation, the fertilizer granules prepared by the disc granulator are continuously passed through 5-mesh and 10-mesh sieves, and the fertilizer granules obtained on the 10-mesh sieve (under the 5-mesh sieve) are spread flat on a tray, and then the tray is placed in a constant temperature blast drying oven at 65°C for 8 hours. The large particles on the 5-mesh sieve and the small particles under the 10-mesh sieve are collected and returned to the disc granulator for re-processing and granulation, and the process of adding materials-spraying-stirring is repeated.
[0045] Comparative Example 1
[0046] Urea: 45kg; Diammonium phosphate: 20kg; Ordinary biochar: 10kg; Potassium chloride 15kg; Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: 10kg.
[0047] Preparation of ordinary biochar: Corn straw (80 mesh) was selected as the raw material for preparing biochar and placed in a carbonization reactor for carbonization treatment. The heating program of the carbonization treatment was: initial temperature 65°C, heating rate 25°C / min, raised to 500°C, and maintained at this temperature for 1 hour, then raised to 600°C at the same heating rate and maintained for 2 hours, cooled to room temperature (25°C), and then ground through an 80-mesh sieve for use.
[0048] The other treatments are the same as in Example 1.
[0049] Comparative Example 2
[0050] Urea: 40kg; Diammonium phosphate: 15kg; Ordinary biochar: 15kg; Potassium chloride: 20kg; Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: 10kg.
[0051] Preparation of ordinary biochar: Preparation of ordinary biochar: Corn straw (80 mesh) was selected as the raw material for preparing biochar and placed in a carbonization reactor for carbonization treatment. The heating program of the carbonization treatment was: initial temperature 65°C, heating rate 25°C / min, raised to 450°C, and maintained at this temperature for 1.5 hours, then raised to 650°C at the same heating rate and maintained for 1 hour, cooled to room temperature (25°C), and then ground through an 80-mesh sieve for use.
[0052] The other treatments are the same as in Example 2.
[0053] Comparative Example 3
[0054] Urea: 35kg; Diammonium phosphate: 25kg; Ordinary biochar: 12kg; Potassium chloride: 20kg; Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: 8kg.
[0055] Preparation of ordinary biochar: Corn straw (80 mesh) was selected as the raw material for preparing biochar and placed in a carbonization reactor for carbonization treatment. The heating program of the carbonization treatment was: initial temperature 65°C, heating rate 25°C / min, raised to 550°C, and maintained at this temperature for 1 hour, then raised to 600°C at the same heating rate and maintained for 2 hours, cooled to room temperature (25°C), and then ground through an 80-mesh sieve for use.
[0056] The other treatments are the same as in Example 3.
[0057] Example 4
[0058] A 6-mu plot of land was selected in Wafangdian City, Liaoning Province to plant corn, and the plot was divided into 6 treatment areas, each with an area of 1 mu. The corn-specific fertilizer prepared in Examples 1-3 and the corn-specific fertilizer prepared in Comparative Examples 1-3 were applied once in each treatment area in the form of basal fertilizer, and the growth results of the corn were measured. At the maturity stage, 100 m3 of corn was selected from each plot of land. 2 The plant height, stem diameter, dry matter weight and yield of corn in the three plots of land were measured. At the same time, the tillage soil after harvest was collected. The measurement results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
[0059] 1. Through the fertilizer field efficiency test, the effects of example fertilizers 1 to 3 and comparative fertilizers 1 to 3 on the biological traits and yield of corn were compared, and the following conclusions were obtained: From Table 1, we can see that compared with the comparative fertilization treatment, the example fertilizers with the addition of modified biochar can significantly improve the physiological indicators and yield of corn.
[0060] Table 1 Effects of different fertilization treatments on maize growth traits
[0061]
[0062] Note: The shapes and yields of each treatment in the table are the average of three repetitions.
[0063] 2. From Table 2, we can see that through the determination of soil physical and chemical indicators, the soil quality has been significantly improved, the content of soil organic carbon has been increased, the soil porosity has been increased, and the soil bulk density has been reduced.
[0064] Table 2 Effects of different treatments on soil quality
[0065]
[0066]
[0067] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the present invention uses volcanic slag as a modified material for biochar and combines it with other fertilizers to prepare a modified biochar corn fertilizer. The corn fertilizer has a high nutrient utilization rate, can promote corn growth, increase corn yield, and at the same time, can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil.
[0068] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A modified biochar-based corn fertilizer, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of urea, 15-25 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 5-15 parts of modified biochar, 10-20 parts of potassium chloride and 5-15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate.
2. The modified biochar-based corn fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the modified biochar is: (1) Mixing crushed crop straw and crushed volcanic slag as raw materials for preparing biochar; (2) The raw material is carbonized; the temperature raising procedure of the carbonization treatment is as follows: the initial temperature is 60-65°C, the temperature is raised to 450-550°C, and the temperature is kept for 1-1.5 hours, and then the temperature is further raised to 600-650°C, and the temperature is kept for 1-2 hours, and the modified biochar is obtained after cooling.
3. The modified biochar-based corn fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The particle size of the crushed crop straw and the crushed volcanic slag is 60-80 meshes.
4. The modified biochar-based corn fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the crushed crop straw to the crushed volcanic slag is 1:(4-6).
5. The modified biochar-based corn fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heating rate is 20-30°C / min.
6. A method for preparing the modified biochar-based corn fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, modified biochar, potassium chloride, and calcium magnesium phosphate are crushed, mixed, and placed in a disc granulator, and a binder aqueous solution is sprayed into the pelletizer while stirring to obtain fertilizer granules; (2) The fertilizer particles are sieved, and the fertilizer particles between 5 and 10 meshes are taken out for drying to obtain granular modified biochar corn fertilizer.
7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The particle size of the urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, modified biochar, potassium chloride and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer after crushing is 60 to 80 meshes.
8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The stirring speed is 35-55 r / min.
9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The binder is a corn starch binder, and the amount of the binder is 0.3-0.5% of the total mass of the urea, high-phosphorus raw material, biochar, potassium sulfate, and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. The amount of water in the binder aqueous solution is calculated so that the water content of the material reaches 12-15%.
10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The drying temperature is 60-70° C. and the drying time is 5-8 hours.