Opencast coal mine blasting hole distribution method

Abstract

The invention provides an open-pit coal mine blasting hole distribution method which comprises the following steps: S1, delimiting a preset blasting area according to the step distribution condition of an open-pit coal mine, S2, dividing the preset blasting area into a plurality of blasting sub-areas which are divided into a first blasting area and a second blasting area, the first blasting areas are sequentially arranged in the circumferential direction of the second blasting areas, and the second blasting areas are rectangular areas, S3, determining preset blast hole positions in the blasting sub-areas, S4, screening according to the preset blast hole positions, deleting the blast hole positions outside the blasting area range and adjacent to the side lines of the blasting areas, and S5, hole distribution is conducted according to the screened preset blast hole positions. The blasting hole arrangement method for the open pit coal mine has the advantages of being simple in hole arrangement mode and high in operation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine blasting, and in particular to a method for blasting holes in an open-pit coal mine. Background Art

[0002] Open-pit coal mine blasting is an important part of the mining process, and the blasting hole arrangement method is one of the key factors affecting the blasting effect and safety. The traditional open-pit coal mine blasting hole arrangement method mainly relies on manual experience for design and construction. In the relevant technology, there are two main methods for open-pit mine step blasting hole arrangement. One is to start from the side close to the top line of the step slope and arrange the holes row by row from front to back; the other is to start from the rear boundary line of the blasting area, arrange the holes row by row from back to front, and adjust the front row hole position or fill the hole. The former is suitable for the case where the shape of the blasting area is relatively regular, especially when the top line of the step slope is relatively straight; the latter is suitable for the case where the rear boundary line of the blasting area is a straight line perpendicular to the step advancement direction. When the shape of the blasting area is very irregular, such as an ellipse, the above hole arrangement method is difficult to implement, and it is easy to cause the blasthole connection line to be a wavy line, which is not conducive to the standardized operation of the drilling rig and the explosive mixing truck, and reduces the efficiency of drilling and charging operations. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0004] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a method for blasting holes in an open-pit coal mine, which has the advantages of simple hole arrangement and high operation efficiency.

[0005] The method for blasting holes in an open-pit coal mine according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1. Determine the preset blasting area according to the distribution of open-pit coal mine steps;

[0007] S2, dividing the preset blasting area into a plurality of blasting sub-areas, wherein the plurality of blasting sub-areas are divided into a first blasting area and a second blasting area, wherein the first blasting areas are sequentially arranged along the circumference of the second blasting area, and the second blasting areas are all rectangular areas;

[0008] S3, determining a preset blast hole position in the blasting sub-area;

[0009] S4, screening according to the preset blast hole positions, deleting the blast hole positions outside the blasting area and adjacent to the edge of the blasting area;

[0010] S5. Arrange the holes according to the selected preset blasthole positions.

[0011] The method for blasting holes in open-pit coal mines of the embodiment of the present invention can more accurately control the blasting range and effect and reduce the impact of blasting on the surrounding environment by dividing the blasting area into multiple sub-areas. It is also applicable to blasting areas of various shapes, especially to blasting areas of irregular shapes such as ellipses, and has good adaptability.

[0012] In some embodiments, in step S1, the distribution of steps in the open-pit coal mine includes surveying the hardness of the rock formation, the step height, and the safety distance.

[0013] In some embodiments, in step S2, computer-aided design software is used to preset and optimize the blasting area layout according to the survey results.

[0014] In some embodiments, in step S3, the hole spacing and row spacing are determined according to the distribution of the open-pit coal mine steps, the preset blasthole positions are determined, and the preset blasthole positions are distributed in the blasting sub-area.

[0015] In some embodiments, the ratio of the area of ​​the first blasting area to the area of ​​the preset blasting area is less than or equal to 0.1.

[0016] In some embodiments, step S4 further includes the following steps: determining the distance L between the blast hole in the first blasting area and the edge line of the preset blasting area. 1 , the distance L between the blasthole in the first blasting area and the blasthole in the adjacent second blasting area 2 , L 1 <L 2 , then delete the blast holes in the first blasting area.

[0017] In some embodiments, the method for blasting holes in an open-pit coal mine according to the embodiment of the present invention further comprises the following steps: in the second blasting area, the distance between two adjacent blast holes is H 1 In the second blasting area adjacent to the edge of the preset blasting area, the distance between the blast hole and the edge of the preset blasting area is H 2 , 2*H 1 <H 2 , then add blast holes in the first blasting area.

[0018] In some embodiments, the number of blast holes added in the first blasting area is less than or equal to 3.

[0019] In some embodiments, the method for hole arrangement for blasting in an open-pit coal mine of the embodiment of the present invention further includes the following steps: S6, conducting a simulated blasting test before blasting to verify the effectiveness of the hole arrangement plan and adjust the hole arrangement plan.

[0020] In some embodiments, the method for blasting hole arrangement in an open-pit coal mine of the embodiment of the present invention further includes the following steps: S7, evaluating the blasting effect after blasting, and optimizing and adjusting the subsequent blasting hole arrangement plan according to the evaluation result. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the implementation of the open-pit coal mine blasting hole arrangement method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a preset blasting area implemented by the open-pit coal mine blasting hole arrangement method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Reference numerals:

[0024] 100. Preset blasting area,

[0025] 200, gun hole,

[0026] 301. The first blasting area, 302. The second blasting area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the open-pit coal mine blasting hole arrangement method of the embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0029] S1. Determine the preset blasting area according to the distribution of open-pit coal mine steps.

[0030] In some embodiments, in step S1, the distribution of steps in the open-pit coal mine includes surveying the hardness of the rock formation, the step height, and the safety distance.

[0031] It is understandable that the survey of the distribution of open-pit coal mine steps can be carried out by using drone aerial photography, laser scanners, total stations, etc., that is, using drone aerial photography and laser scanners to carry out three-dimensional modeling of open-pit coal mine steps, and then using total stations for field measurements to obtain accurate step distribution data.

[0032] In addition, after data collection, professional blasting design software is used for analysis, and the preset blasting area is delineated according to the data. It is highly accurate and can quickly obtain a large range of terrain data, providing accurate basic information for subsequent blasting design.

[0033] S2. Divide the preset blasting area into a plurality of blasting sub-areas, wherein the plurality of blasting sub-areas are divided into a first blasting area and a second blasting area, wherein the first blasting areas are sequentially arranged along the circumference of the second blasting area, and the second blasting areas are all rectangular areas.

[0034] It is understandable that if Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the second explosion area is located at the center of the preset explosion area, and the first explosion area is divided around the second explosion area. Among them, the second explosion area is a rectangular area, which makes the subsequent hole arrangement more convenient. In other words, dividing the second blasting area into rectangular areas can facilitate the use of modular and standardized hole arrangement methods in the second blasting area, which is conducive to the standardized operation of the drilling rig and the explosive mixing truck, and improves the efficiency of drilling and charging operations.

[0035] In some embodiments, in step S2, computer-aided design software is used to preset and optimize the blasting area layout according to the survey results.

[0036] It is understood that computer-aided design software (such as CAD software) can manually or automatically divide the preset blasting area into multiple blasting sub-areas according to the collected terrain data and blasting requirements in the computer-aided design software. In addition, through the graphic editing tools in the software, the sub-areas are divided according to the design requirements, which improves the design efficiency, ensures the rationality of the sub-areas, and facilitates management and construction.

[0037] S3. Determine the preset blasthole position in the blasting sub-area. In other words, combine the geological exploration data and determine the preset blasthole position in the computer-aided design software based on factors such as rock properties and explosive performance. Use professional blasting design software to design the blastholes to ensure the accuracy of the blasthole positions, and then determine the blasthole positions scientifically and rationally to improve the blasting effect.

[0038] In some embodiments, in step S3, the hole spacing and row spacing are determined according to the distribution of the open-pit coal mine steps, the preset blasthole positions are determined, and the preset blasthole positions are distributed in the blasting sub-area.

[0039] It is understandable that the use of geological exploration data and advanced software tools can more accurately determine the hole spacing and row spacing, thereby improving the blasting effect and reducing unnecessary over-break and under-break. And through 3D modeling and blasting design software, different blasthole layout schemes can be simulated in a virtual environment, and the optimal layout can be selected to achieve the best blasting effect.

[0040] In addition, automated and semi-automated design tools can speed up hole layout design, reduce design time, and improve overall operational efficiency. Accurate blasthole location and reasonable hole and row spacing design help control blasting shock waves and flying rocks, reducing safety risks to personnel and equipment.

[0041] Therefore, the use of the above equipment and technology can greatly improve the accuracy and efficiency of blasting holes in open-pit coal mines, while improving operational safety and economic benefits.

[0042] S4. Screen according to the preset blast hole positions, and delete the blast hole positions outside the blasting area and adjacent to the edge of the blasting area.

[0043] It is understandable that by removing the blast holes outside the blast area, the adverse effects of blasting on the surrounding environment and personnel are avoided. At the same time, removing the blast holes close to the edge can reduce the damage of flying rocks and shock waves to surrounding equipment.

[0044] Alternatively, if Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the ratio of the area of ​​the first blasting area to the area of ​​the preset blasting area is less than or equal to 0.1. It can be understood that the preset blasting area is divided into a plurality of blasting sub-areas, and the plurality of second blasting areas in the plurality of blasting sub-areas are ensured to be rectangular areas, so that the blast holes can be arranged more quickly in the plurality of rectangular second blasting areas. Thus, in the preset blasting area, a plurality of irregular first blasting areas are formed between the edge line of the second blasting area and the edge line of the preset blasting area.

[0045] The ratio of the area of ​​the first blasting area to the area of ​​the preset blasting area is less than or equal to 0.1. Firstly, it can ensure that the blast holes can be evenly arranged in multiple second blasting areas, and also ensure that there is a certain buffer area between the second blasting area and the edge of the preset blasting area, thereby avoiding the adverse effects on the surrounding environment and personnel during blasting due to too many arranged blast holes.

[0046] In some embodiments, step S4 further includes the following steps: determining the distance L between the blast hole in the first blasting area and the edge line of the preset blasting area. 1 , the distance L between the blasthole in the first blasting area and the blasthole in the adjacent second blasting area 2 , L 1 <L 2 , then delete the blast holes in the first blasting area.

[0047] It is understandable that if Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, when L 1 <L 2 , it means that the blastholes in the first blasting area are close to the edge of the preset blasting area. When setting the blastholes for blasting, it is easy to have an adverse impact on the surrounding environment and personnel, and the destructiveness of the blasting surrounding environment is increased. Then, according to the distance L between the blastholes in the first blasting area and the edge of the preset blasting area, 1The distance L between the blasthole in the first blasting area and the blasthole in the adjacent second blasting area 2 , to determine whether the blast holes in the first blasting area meet the blasting requirements, so as to avoid the adverse effects of blasting on the surrounding environment and personnel, and reduce the damage of flying rocks and shock waves to surrounding equipment.

[0048] In some embodiments, the method for blasting holes in an open-pit coal mine according to the embodiment of the present invention further comprises the following steps: in the second blasting area, the distance between two adjacent blast holes is H 1 In the second blasting area adjacent to the boundary of the preset blasting area, the distance between the blast hole and the boundary of the preset blasting area is H 2 , 2*H 1 <H 2 , then add blast holes in the first blasting area.

[0049] It is understandable that if Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in FIG. 1 , since the first blasting area is arranged around the second blasting area, and the shapes in the first blasting area are all irregular shapes, there is a difference in the distance between the outer edge of the first blasting area and the blastholes in the second blasting area. Therefore, when 2*H 1 <H 2 , it means that the distance between the blastholes in the second blasting area and the outer edge line of the adjacent first blasting area is too large, so blastholes are added accordingly in the first blasting area to keep the blasthole density of the entire blasting area uniform.

[0050] That is to say, by adjusting the density of blastholes in the first blasting area, the blasting effect in the entire blasting area can be ensured to be more uniform, avoiding uneven blasting caused by too large or too small blasthole spacing. Adding blastholes in the first blasting area helps to improve the utilization efficiency of explosives and reduce the overall consumption of explosives.

[0051] In addition, adding blastholes in the first blasting area helps improve the utilization efficiency of explosives and reduce the overall consumption of explosives. Of course, the layout of blastholes can also be flexibly adjusted according to different geological conditions and rock hardness to meet different blasting needs.

[0052] Preferably, the number of blast holes added in the first blasting area is less than or equal to 3, so as to avoid excessive silver blast holes in the first blasting area which may increase the explosion intensity, thereby helping to improve the utilization efficiency of explosives and reduce the overall consumption of explosives.

[0053] S5. Arrange holes according to the preset blasthole positions after screening. That is, arranging holes according to the preset blasthole positions after screening can ensure the consistency and accuracy of the blasting effect and avoid uneven crushing caused by incorrect blasthole positions.

[0054] In some embodiments, the method for hole arrangement for blasting in an open-pit coal mine of the embodiment of the present invention further includes the following steps: S6, conducting a simulated blasting test before blasting to verify the effectiveness of the hole arrangement plan and adjust the hole arrangement plan.

[0055] It is understood that before blasting, computer simulation software is used to conduct simulated blasting tests on the selected preset blasthole locations. This simulation can include factors such as explosive type, explosive quantity, blasthole depth, blasthole angle, rock physical properties, etc. The purpose of the simulation is to predict the blasting effect, including key indicators such as crushing range, flying rock distance, vibration level, etc.

[0056] In some embodiments, the method for blasting hole arrangement in an open-pit coal mine of the embodiment of the present invention further includes the following steps: S7, evaluating the blasting effect after blasting, and optimizing and adjusting the subsequent blasting hole arrangement plan according to the evaluation result.

[0057] It is understandable that after the blasting operation is completed, the blasting effect is evaluated on the spot. The evaluation content may include the degree of rock fragmentation after blasting, the shape and size of the blast pile, the flying rock situation, the vibration impact range, etc. The evaluation can be carried out through on-site observation, measurement and data analysis.

[0058] Therefore, the open-pit coal mine blasting hole arrangement method of the embodiment of the present invention can determine the performance of the hole arrangement scheme in actual operation by evaluating the blasting effect, and provide a basis for improving the hole arrangement scheme of subsequent blasting operations. According to the evaluation results, the parameters of the subsequent blasting operation, such as hole spacing, row spacing, amount of explosives, etc., can be adjusted in real time to improve blasting efficiency and safety. Through continuous evaluation and adjustment, valuable blasting data can be accumulated to provide reference for future blasting design and operations. By optimizing the hole arrangement scheme, the efficiency of blasting operations can be improved and unnecessary operation time and cost can be reduced.

[0059] In other words, the method for blasting holes in open-pit coal mines of the embodiment of the present invention can more accurately control the blasting range and effect and reduce the impact of blasting on the surrounding environment by dividing the blasting area into multiple sub-areas. It is also applicable to blasting areas of various shapes, especially to blasting areas of irregular shapes such as ellipses, and has good adaptability.

[0060] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0061] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0062] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0063] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0064] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0065] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for blasting holes in an open-pit coal mine, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Determine the preset blasting area according to the distribution of open-pit coal mine steps; S2, dividing the preset blasting area into a plurality of blasting sub-areas, wherein the plurality of blasting sub-areas are divided into a first blasting area and a second blasting area, wherein the first blasting areas are sequentially arranged along the circumference of the second blasting area, and the second blasting areas are all rectangular areas; S3, determining a preset blast hole position in the blasting sub-area; S4, screening according to the preset blast hole positions, deleting the blast hole positions outside the blasting area and adjacent to the edge of the blasting area; S5. Arrange the holes according to the selected preset blasthole positions.

2. The method for blasting holes in open-pit coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the step distribution of the open-pit coal mine includes surveying the rock hardness, step height and safety distance.

3. The method for blasting holes in open-pit coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, according to the survey results, computer-aided design software is used to preset and optimize the blasting area layout.

4. The method for blasting holes in open-pit coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the hole spacing and row spacing are determined according to the distribution of the open-pit coal mine steps, the preset blasthole positions are determined, and the preset blasthole positions are distributed in the blasting sub-area.

5. The method for blasting holes in open-pit coal mines according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ratio of the area of ​​the first blasting area to the area of ​​the preset blasting area is less than or equal to 0.

1.

6. The method for blasting holes in open-pit coal mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the following steps are also included: determining the distance L1 between the blasthole in the first blasting area and the edge line of the preset blasting area, and the distance L2 between the blasthole in the first blasting area and the blasthole in the adjacent second blasting area. If L1<L2, the blasthole in the first blasting area is deleted.

7. The method for blasting holes in an open-pit coal mine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: In the second blasting area, the distance between two adjacent blast holes is H1. In the second blasting area adjacent to the edge of the preset blasting area, the distance between the blast holes and the edge of the preset blasting area is H2. 2*H1<H2, then a blast hole is added in the first blasting area.

8. The method for blasting holes in an open-pit coal mine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The number of blast holes added in the first blasting area is less than or equal to 3.

9. The method for blasting holes in an open-pit coal mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: S6. Carry out simulated blasting test before blasting to verify the effectiveness of the hole layout plan and adjust the hole layout plan.

10. The method for blasting holes in an open-pit coal mine according to claim 9, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: S7. Evaluate the blasting effect after blasting and optimize and adjust the subsequent blasting hole arrangement plan based on the evaluation results.

Images