Antenna, reflector antenna system, and electronic device

Abstract

This invention provides an antenna, a reflective antenna system, and an electronic device. The antenna includes an antenna body with a vertically penetrating waveguide cavity inside. A solid structure is provided between the cavity wall of the waveguide cavity and the side wall of the antenna body. The waveguide cavity includes a first waveguide cavity and a second waveguide cavity communicating with the first waveguide cavity. The first waveguide cavity is configured as a rectangular waveguide cavity, and the second waveguide cavity is configured as a horn-shaped waveguide cavity. The first and second waveguide cavities are integrally formed. The opening diameter of the first waveguide cavity is larger than the opening diameter of the second waveguide cavity, and the opening diameter of the second waveguide cavity gradually increases along the vertical direction. The antenna of this invention can improve the overall antenna gain and reduce the interference of current on the metal on the antenna radiation, thereby effectively improving the feeding efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna, a reflective antenna system, and an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] Terahertz communication, with its ultra-wide bandwidth and ultra-high-speed transmission capabilities, is considered one of the key technologies for future 6G. Developing terahertz antennas plays a positive role in accelerating my country's 6G progress. Currently, terahertz beam-reconfigurable antennas have become an international research hotspot. Due to the short wavelength, poor diffraction capability, and high loss characteristics of terahertz frequencies, multi-beam or beam-reconfigurable antennas are needed to improve the efficiency of electronic devices in receiving and transmitting terahertz signals in complex communication environments. However, how to reduce the use of additional bias circuits and reduce design costs to achieve reconfigurable antenna design in the terahertz band remains an ongoing technical challenge. Low-loss, low-cost beam-tunable antenna arrays in the terahertz band require further research and development. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an antenna, a reflective antenna system, and an electronic device that can improve the overall antenna gain, reduce the interference of current on the metal on the antenna radiation, and thus effectively improve the feeding efficiency.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides an antenna, including an antenna body, wherein a waveguide cavity is formed inside the antenna body through the top and bottom, and a solid structure is provided between the cavity wall of the waveguide cavity and the side wall of the antenna body; the waveguide cavity includes a first waveguide cavity and a second waveguide cavity communicating with the first waveguide cavity, wherein the first waveguide cavity is configured as a rectangular waveguide cavity and the second waveguide cavity is configured as a horn-shaped waveguide cavity.

[0005] Preferably, the first waveguide cavity and the second waveguide cavity are integrally formed, the opening diameter of the first waveguide cavity is larger than the opening diameter of the second waveguide cavity, and the opening diameter of the second waveguide cavity gradually increases along the vertical direction.

[0006] Preferably, the antenna further includes radiating stubs located on both sides of the waveguide cavity opening and connected to the waveguide cavity.

[0007] Preferably, the first waveguide cavity includes a first port and a second port connected to the first waveguide cavity, and both the first port and the second port are rectangular in shape.

[0008] Preferably, the cavity wall of the first waveguide cavity is planar, the planar wall extends vertically from the first port to the second port, and the cross-section of the first waveguide cavity is rectangular in the vertical direction.

[0009] Preferably, the second waveguide cavity includes a third port, which is circular; the cavity wall of the second waveguide cavity is curved, the curved surface extends from the second port to the third port, and the radius of curvature of the cross-section of the second waveguide cavity gradually increases towards the third port.

[0010] Preferably, the third port is at a higher vertical height than the solid structure, the radial branches are located on both sides of the third port, and the radial branches are flush with the third port.

[0011] Preferably, the first waveguide cavity is configured as a rectangular waveguide, and the second waveguide cavity is configured as a circular waveguide, wherein the TE10 mode of the rectangular waveguide in the first waveguide cavity is converted into the TE11 mode of the circular waveguide in the second waveguide cavity.

[0012] Preferably, the second waveguide cavity is provided with a loading metal sheet along the main polarization direction to reduce the interference of the current on the outer wall of the waveguide cavity on the radiation.

[0013] Preferably, the feed horn antenna further includes a ground plane, which surrounds and is connected to the solid structure.

[0014] Preferably, a rectangular aperture is formed on the ground plane, which is close to the first port of the waveguide cavity, and the size of the rectangular aperture matches the size of the first port.

[0015] Preferably, the solid structure is located at the middle position of the grounding plate. The solid structure includes a first solid structure arranged as a square column and a second solid structure arranged as a trapezoidal column. The second solid structure is located above the first solid structure, and the second solid structure and the first solid structure are integrally formed.

[0016] Preferably, the first solid structure and the second solid structure are set at the same height, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the second solid structure gradually decreases towards the third port.

[0017] Preferably, the waveguide cavity is configured as a metallic cavity.

[0018] Preferably, the grounding plate is a hollow cylinder with a square hole in the middle, and the square hole matches the first solid structure.

[0019] Preferably, the first solid structure is inserted into the square hole and fixedly connected to the ground plate, and the plane at the bottom of the first solid structure is lower than the plane at the bottom of the ground plate.

[0020] Preferably, a plurality of fixing holes are provided at the edge of the grounding plate, and the plurality of fixing holes are symmetrically arranged around the center.

[0021] Preferably, the fixing hole includes a first hole and a second hole, and the first hole and the second hole are arranged alternately at equal angles.

[0022] Preferably, both the first hole and the second hole are circular, and the centers of several first holes and the centers of several second holes are concentric.

[0023] The present invention also provides a reflective antenna system for better application of the above-mentioned antenna.

[0024] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a reflective antenna system, which includes the aforementioned antenna.

[0025] This invention provides an antenna, a reflective antenna system using the antenna, and an electronic device. The antenna includes an antenna body with a vertically penetrating waveguide cavity inside. A solid structure is provided between the cavity wall of the waveguide cavity and the side wall of the antenna body. The waveguide cavity includes a first waveguide cavity and a second waveguide cavity communicating with the first waveguide cavity. The first waveguide cavity is configured as a rectangular waveguide cavity, and the second waveguide cavity is configured as a horn-shaped waveguide cavity. The antenna of this invention can improve the overall antenna gain and reduce the interference of current on the metal on the antenna radiation, thereby effectively improving the feeding efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Exploded view after removing the solid structure.

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 1 First-view and second-view images after removing the solid structure.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a first-view diagram of the antenna of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a second-view diagram of the antenna of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a parameter comparison diagram of the antenna of the present invention and a 300GHz horn antenna in related technologies.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the reflection coefficient versus gain variation in the antenna simulation of this invention.

[0033] Figure 8 This is the radiation pattern at the center frequency of the antenna of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the reflective antenna system of the present invention.

[0035] The labels in the accompanying drawings are explained as follows:

[0036] Antenna 100, waveguide cavity 10

[0037] First waveguide cavity 11, first port 110, second port 111, second waveguide cavity 12, third port 120, solid structure 20, first solid structure 21, second solid structure 22, radiating branch 30, ground plane 40, rectangular aperture 41, first hole 42, second hole 43. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The antenna 100 and reflective antenna system proposed in this invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the drawings are all in a very simplified form and use non-precise scales, and are only used to facilitate and clarify the illustration of the embodiments of this invention. Furthermore, the structures shown in the drawings are often part of the actual structure. In particular, different figures may emphasize different aspects and sometimes use different scales.

[0039] In developing terahertz beam reconfigurable reflective antennas, it is necessary to consider the phase-change material used in the reflective antenna, ensuring that the electromagnetic properties of the phase-change material change to produce different reflection phases for the incident electromagnetic waves. It is also necessary to consider designing array algorithms to improve antenna gain and bandwidth. Furthermore, it is crucial to consider how to design and fabricate the excitation source for the terahertz beam reconfigurable reflective antenna as the feed source for practical testing. In particular, the feed antenna design for the terahertz beam reflective antenna can improve and enhance the flexibility of signal transmission and reception in the forward and backward directions of the terahertz RF front-end.

[0040] The primary radiator of the main and secondary reflectors in a feed antenna is a crucial component determining the antenna's electrical characteristics and frequency band. Its function is to radiate the radio frequency power from the feed line as electromagnetic waves to the reflectors or lenses, creating a suitable field distribution across the aperture to form the desired sharp or characteristic beam, while minimizing power leakage from the edges of the reflectors or lenses to achieve the highest possible gain. Currently, feed antennas include horn and dipole types. Feed horns mainly include primary-mode horns, dual-mode horns, multi-mode horns, and waveform horns. A feed horn antenna should radiate a spherical wave, meaning its phase directivity pattern is a sphere, with the center of the sphere called the horn's phase center. The width of its amplitude directivity pattern should match the aperture of the main and secondary reflectors to ensure that as much electromagnetic wave energy as possible is incident on the corresponding reflectors, improving illumination efficiency and reducing leakage losses.

[0041] Because the feed source of an array antenna needs to achieve stable gain and a wide half-power beamwidth over a wide bandwidth, the feed antenna can be either a horn antenna or a magnetoelectric dipole antenna. Magnetoelectric dipole antennas offer superior performance characteristics such as bandwidth, symmetrical radiation pattern, low back lobe, and stable gain, making them popular in applications such as base station antenna design. On the other hand, as communication systems develop towards higher capacity, higher reliability, and greater intelligence, reconfigurable antennas have attracted widespread attention due to their reconfigurable characteristics. A horn antenna consists of a uniform waveguide and a horn-shaped waveguide with a gradually increasing cross-section at one end. The waveguide horn antenna is one of the most commonly used microwave antennas, with advantages including a wide operating bandwidth and a gradually transitioning internal metal wall to ensure impedance matching between the waveguide port and free space.

[0042] Currently, the operating frequency of magnetoelectric dipole antennas in related technologies is relatively low, which cannot meet the feeding efficiency requirements of terahertz reconfigurable reflective antennas and cannot test the performance of the target product array, affecting its radiation characteristics in a wide frequency range. As a result, the designed reflective antenna array results have a low degree of agreement with the calculated optimization results, and the achieved aperture efficiency is also low.

[0043] Currently, the horn-shaped antenna used as a feed antenna in related technologies results in low antenna gain and significant interference from the current on the metal. Within the required broadband range, the feeding efficiency of the terahertz reconfigurable reflective antenna is insufficient, and the required performance requirements of the feed antenna cannot be stably met.

[0044] In view of this, it is indeed necessary to provide a new type of antenna and reflective antenna system.

[0045] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the present invention provides an antenna 100, wherein a vertically penetrating cavity is provided inside the antenna body, and the cavity wall of the cavity and the side walls of the antenna body are solid structures 20. The cavity is configured as a waveguide cavity 10, that is, the antenna 100 of the present invention includes an antenna body, and a vertically penetrating waveguide cavity 10 is provided inside the antenna body, and a solid structure 20 is provided between the cavity wall of the waveguide cavity 10 and the side walls of the antenna body.

[0046] The waveguide cavity 10 of the present invention includes a first waveguide cavity 11 and a second waveguide cavity 12 communicating with the first waveguide cavity 11. The first waveguide cavity 11 is configured as a rectangular waveguide cavity 10 body, and the second waveguide cavity 12 is configured as a horn-shaped waveguide cavity 10 body. The first waveguide cavity 11 and the second waveguide cavity 12 are integrally formed. The opening diameter of the first waveguide cavity 11 is larger than the opening diameter of the second waveguide cavity 12, and the opening diameter of the second waveguide cavity 12 gradually increases along the vertical direction.

[0047] The first waveguide cavity 11 includes a first port 110 and a second port 111 located above the first port 110, and both the first port 110 and the second port 111 are rectangular in shape. The cavity wall of the first waveguide cavity 11 is planar, and the planar extends vertically from the first port 110 to the second port 111. The cross-section of the first waveguide cavity 11 is rectangular in shape of equal size in the vertical direction from bottom to top.

[0048] The second waveguide cavity 12 includes a third port 120, which is circular. The cavity wall of the second waveguide cavity 12 is curved, and the curved surface extends vertically from the second port 111 to the third port 120. The radius of curvature of the cross-section of the second waveguide cavity 12 gradually increases in the vertical direction from bottom to top, that is, the flared angle of the second waveguide cavity 12 gradually increases in the vertical direction from bottom to top, so that the aperture area of ​​the third port 120 is larger than the aperture area of ​​the first port 110 or the second port 111.

[0049] The waveguide cavity 10 is preferably a metal cavity, that is, the interior of the antenna body is a metal cavity that connects a rectangular waveguide to a circular waveguide. The metal cavity can convert the TE10 mode of the rectangular waveguide in the first waveguide cavity 11 into the TE11 mode of the circular waveguide in the second waveguide cavity 12. This configuration increases the aperture area of ​​the waveguide cavity 10, thereby improving the overall radiation gain of the feed antenna.

[0050] The antenna 100 of the present invention further includes radiating stubs 30, which are located on both sides of the cavity opening of the waveguide cavity 10 and connected to the waveguide cavity 10. Further, the third port 120 is vertically higher than the solid structure 20, and the radiating stubs 30 are located on both sides of the third port 120 and are flush with the third port 120. In other words, the antenna 100 of the present invention includes a ground plane 40 with a waveguide WR-8 rectangular aperture 41, a transition metal cavity from a rectangular column to a cylinder, and radiating stubs 30 loaded on the circular aperture. It should be noted that the rectangular aperture 41 is the aperture connected to the first port 110, which is located on the ground plane; the transition metal cavity is the waveguide cavity 10 body, and the circular aperture is the third port 120. Further, the ground plane 40 enhances performance by reducing back lobe radiation, while the rectangular aperture 41 etched on the ground plane 40 provides the required operating frequency band of 90-140 GHz. By using a transition metal cavity, i.e., through the waveguide cavity 10, the rectangular aperture 41 is converted into a circular aperture, thereby converting the TE10 mode into the TE11 mode to generate a magnetic dipole along the X direction. By adding a pair of radiating branches 30 along the Y direction as E dipoles, a magnetoelectric dipole radiation mode with symmetrical E and H plane radiation patterns and low back radiation can be realized.

[0051] Preferably, the radiating stub 30 is configured as a metal sheet, and the second waveguide cavity is loaded with this metal sheet along the main polarization direction to reduce the interference of the current on the outer wall of the waveguide cavity on the radiation. That is, loading a metal sheet along the main polarization direction on a circular waveguide reduces the interference of the current on the outer wall of the metal cavity on the radiation. Figure 8 It can achieve an average gain of 11 dBi and a half-power beamwidth of 50° within 33% of the frequency range. This means the feed horn antenna meets the required feed antenna specifications within a wide bandwidth. Further design and performance verification tests were conducted through simulation. A metal sheet is loaded on the surface of the radiating port, with a length approximately one-quarter wavelength of the center frequency. This configuration causes the current distribution on the antenna to resemble that on an open-circuit transmission line during operation. The circuit is essentially open, and the electromagnetic wave signal passing through this open circuit, under the transmission effect of the microstrip line, is equivalent to a short circuit. This causes the radiated current of the antenna to converge, thereby reducing interference in the antenna's radiation direction. Figure 8 As shown, the radiation directions of the two radiating stubs are more concentrated, and in practice, the radiation directions are more focused and less prone to dispersion. This means that electromagnetic field leakage outside the feed antenna is avoided during port radiation, thus optimizing the direction of the radiating antenna and improving the gain in the normal direction.

[0052] Combination Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the antenna 100 of the present invention, the waveguide cavity 10 is composed of key parameter D.h H f L wg and W wg Definition. Where D h Indicates the diameter of the third port 120, H f Indicates the height L of the entire waveguide cavity 10 wg Indicates the length and W of the rectangular aperture 41. wg This indicates the width of the rectangular aperture 41. The size of the rectangular aperture 41 conforms to the standard WR-08 size and is used to adapt to the basic TE01 mode at the required operating frequency; therefore, it is defined as L. wg =2.032mm and W wg =1.016mm. The operating frequency can be varied according to the size of the rectangular aperture 41. The transition length of the waveguide cavity 10 can be adjusted according to the profile requirements. Nevertheless, the minimum length from the rectangular cavity, i.e., the first waveguide cavity 11, to the circular cavity, i.e., the second waveguide cavity 12, is twice the wavelength (2). g To avoid sudden size changes and the generation of higher-order modes, the height of waveguide cavity 10 is defined as H. f =25.5mm, to provide broadband performance and low return loss. Changing the circular aperture, i.e., the aperture of the third port 120, can improve gain performance. By D h Setting the required gain to 12dBi with a 3.78mm diameter can optimize the F / D ratio to avoid feed resistance blockage and improve the aperture efficiency of the reconfigurable antenna array.

[0053] The horn feed antenna of the present invention further includes a ground plane 40, which surrounds and is connected to the solid structure 20. Preferably, the ground plane 40 has a rectangular aperture 41, which is close to the first port 110 of the waveguide cavity 10, and the size of the rectangular aperture 41 matches the size of the first port 110. The solid structure 20 is generally frustum-shaped and located in the middle of the ground plane 40. Specifically, the solid structure 20 includes a first solid structure 21 arranged as a square column and a second solid structure 22 arranged as a trapezoidal column. The second solid structure 22 is located above the first solid structure 21, and the second solid structure 22 is integrally formed with the first solid structure 21. Further, the first solid structure 21 and the second solid structure 22 have the same height. It can be understood that the cross-sectional area of ​​the first solid structure 21 is equal at the top and bottom, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the second solid structure 22 gradually decreases towards the third port 120, so that it is trapezoidal columnar. The height of the plane containing the third port 120 of the waveguide cavity 10 is higher than the height of the plane containing the top of the second solid structure 22.

[0054] Preferably, in the Z-direction, the height of the entire solid structure 20 can be 10–40 mm, more preferably 25.5 mm; then the height of the first solid structure 21 can be 5–20 mm, more preferably 12.75 mm, and the height of the second solid structure 22 can be 5–20 mm, more preferably 12.75 mm. In the Y-direction, the width of the first solid structure 21 can be 7–10 mm, more preferably 8.4 mm, and the width of the second solid structure 22 at its top position can be 5–8 mm, more preferably 6.28 mm. In the X-axis direction, the width of the first solid structure 21 can be 5–8 mm, more preferably 6.4 mm. Furthermore, in the Z-axis direction, the height of the plane containing the third port 120 of the waveguide cavity 10 differs from the height of the plane containing the top of the second solid structure 22 by 0.5 mm. In the y-axis direction, the diameter of the circular hole of the third port 120 can be 3 to 5 mm, preferably 3.78 mm. In the x-axis direction, the width of the metal sheet 30 on the top of the second solid structure 22 can be 1.75 to 3 mm, preferably 2.25 mm.

[0055] Combination Figure 5 As shown, the grounding plate 40 is a hollow cylinder with a square hole in the middle, which matches the first solid structure 21. The first solid structure 21 is inserted into the square hole and fixedly connected to the grounding plate 40, and the plane of the bottom end of the first solid structure 21 is lower than the plane of the bottom end of the grounding plate 40. Preferably, in the Z-axis direction, the height of the grounding plate 40 can be 2-5mm, more preferably 3.175mm, and the height difference between the plane of the bottom end of the grounding plate 40 and the plane of the bottom end of the first solid structure 21 can be 0.5-1mm, more preferably 0.81mm. Further, a plurality of fixing holes are provided near the edge of the grounding plate 40, and the plurality of fixing holes are symmetrically arranged around the center, including a first hole 42 and a second hole 43, which are staggered at equal angles. Preferably, the first hole 42 and the second hole 43 are both circular, and the centers of several first holes 42 and second holes 43 are concentric, i.e., all are on circle B. The diameter of circle A, where the grounding plate 40 is located, is preferably 19.050 mm, and the diameter of circle B is preferably 14.290 mm.

[0056] Compared to horn antennas in related technologies, the antenna 100 of this invention has different parameters and operating frequency. For example, compared to a 300GHz horn antenna in related technologies, the parameters of the two antennas are as follows: Figure 6As shown in the figure, because a 100GHz operating frequency is used instead of 300GHz, the key parameters of the feed antenna in this invention are approximately three times those of the 300GHz horn antenna. However, for feed-reconfigurable reflective arrays, these two antennas are not interchangeable; that is, the horn antenna in related technologies cannot replace the antenna 100 of this invention for feed-reconfigurable reflective arrays. To clearly illustrate that the feed antenna of this invention can improve the overall antenna gain, the feed antenna of this invention simulates the changes in reflection coefficient and gain, such as... Figure 7 As shown, and also provided is the radiation pattern at the center frequency of the antenna 100 of the present invention, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the antenna 100 of the present invention can further demonstrate that it can reduce the interference of current on the metal on antenna radiation, thereby effectively improving the feeding efficiency.

[0057] like Figure 9 As shown, the present invention also provides a reflective antenna system, which includes the aforementioned antenna 100 and a reconfigurable antenna array, wherein the antenna 100 provides power to the reconfigurable antenna array. A fixed support is installed at the power supply location corresponding to the designed reconfigurable antenna array, and the output port of the signal generator is connected to the antenna 100 to provide incident power to the reconfigurable antenna array, thereby generating a directional reflected beam.

[0058] The present invention also provides an electronic device including the above-described reflective antenna system. This electronic device can be a mobile phone, tablet, or other terminal device; it can also be a vehicle; or it can be a base station, laptop, home appliance, or other electronic product.

[0059] In summary, this invention provides an antenna 100, a reflective antenna system using the antenna 100, and an electronic device. The feed antenna includes an antenna body, inside which a waveguide cavity 10 extends vertically. A solid structure 20 is provided between the cavity wall of the waveguide cavity 10 and the side wall of the antenna body. The waveguide cavity 10 includes a first waveguide cavity 11 and a second waveguide cavity 12 communicating with the first waveguide cavity 11. The first waveguide cavity 11 is configured as a rectangular waveguide cavity 10, and the second waveguide cavity 12 is configured as a horn-shaped waveguide cavity 10. The antenna 100 of this invention can improve the overall antenna gain and reduce the interference of current on the metal on the antenna radiation, thereby effectively improving the feeding efficiency.

[0060] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. In addition, the different parts between embodiments can also be combined with each other, and this invention does not limit this.

[0061] The above description is merely a description of preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. Any changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure shall fall within the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized by: The antenna comprises an antenna body, a radiation branch and a ground plate. The antenna body is internally provided with a waveguide cavity penetrating from top to bottom, a solid structure is arranged between the cavity wall of the waveguide cavity and the side wall of the antenna body, the waveguide cavity comprises a first waveguide cavity and a second waveguide cavity in communication with the first waveguide cavity, the first waveguide cavity comprises a first port and a second port above the first port, and the first port and the second port are both arranged in a rectangular shape, the first waveguide cavity is configured as a rectangular waveguide cavity, and the second waveguide cavity is configured as a horn-shaped waveguide cavity. The radiation branch is arranged on both sides of the waveguide cavity and connected with the waveguide cavity. The ground plate is arranged around the solid structure and connected with the solid structure, and a rectangular aperture is arranged on the ground plate and close to the position of the first port of the waveguide cavity, and the size of the rectangular aperture matches the size of the first port.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first waveguide cavity and the second waveguide cavity are integrally formed, the opening size of the first waveguide cavity is not greater than the opening size of the second waveguide cavity, and the opening size of the second waveguide cavity gradually increases along the vertical direction.

3. The antenna of claim 1, wherein: The radiation branch is configured as a metal sheet, and the second waveguide cavity is loaded with the metal sheet along the main polarization direction.

4. The antenna of claim 1, wherein: The cavity wall of the first waveguide cavity is arranged in a plane, the plane extends vertically from the first port to the second port, and the cross section of the first waveguide cavity is arranged in a rectangular shape in the vertical direction.

5. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second waveguide cavity comprises a third port arranged in a circular shape, and the cavity wall of the second waveguide cavity is arranged in a curved surface, the curved surface extends from the second port to the third port, and the radius of curvature of the cross section of the second waveguide cavity gradually increases in the direction of the third port.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The height of the third port in the vertical direction is higher than the height of the solid structure in the vertical direction, the radiation branch is arranged on both sides of the third port, and the radiation branch is arranged flush with the third port.

7. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first waveguide cavity is configured as a rectangular waveguide, the second waveguide cavity is configured as a circular waveguide, and the TE10 mode of the rectangular waveguide in the first waveguide cavity is converted into the TE11 mode of the circular waveguide in the second waveguide cavity.

8. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna is a feed horn antenna.

9. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The solid structure is arranged at the middle position of the ground plate, the solid structure comprises a first solid structure arranged in a square column and a second solid structure arranged in a trapezoidal column, the second solid structure is arranged above the first solid structure, and the second solid structure is integrally arranged with the first solid structure.

10. The antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first solid structure and the second solid structure are arranged at the same height, and the cross-sectional area of the second solid structure gradually decreases in the direction of the third port.

11. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveguide cavity is configured as a metal cavity.

12. The antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: The ground plate is arranged in a hollow cylindrical shape, a square hole is arranged at the middle position, and the square hole matches the first solid structure.

13. The antenna according to claim 12, characterized in that: The first solid structure is inserted into the square hole and fixedly connected with the ground plate, and the plane where the bottom end of the first solid structure is located is lower than the plane where the bottom end of the ground plate is located.

14. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of fixing holes are arranged at the edge position close to the ground plate, and the fixing holes are arranged symmetrically around the center of the circle.

15. The antenna according to claim 14, characterized in that: The fixing holes include first holes and second holes, and the first holes and the second holes are staggered and arranged at equal angles.

16. The antenna according to claim 15, characterized by: The first holes and the second holes are arranged in a circular shape, and the centers of the first holes and the centers of the second holes are arranged in a common circle.

17. A reflector antenna system characterized by: The reflector antenna system includes the antenna of any one of claims 1-16.

18. An electronic device, comprising: The reflector antenna system includes the antenna of claim 17.

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