Solar cell piece, solar cell module thereof and preparation method of solar cell piece and solar cell module

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar cell piece, a solar cell module and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of solar cells. The composite solar cell comprises a solar cell and a photonic crystal structure layer located on the surface of the solar cell and / or in the solar cell, materials of the photonic crystal structure layer comprise a first material and a second material, and the absolute value of the refractive index difference value of the first material and the second material is larger than or equal to 0.1. The first material includes at least one of an up-conversion material, a down-conversion material, and a perovskite material. The photonic crystal structure layer is arranged on the solar cell, so that the light field distribution after sunlight is incident can be changed, the propagation path of sunlight in the solar cell is increased, and the effect of enhancing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is realized by utilizing light diffraction. In addition, light in a wave band with low absorption and utilization efficiency of the solar cell can be converted into light in a wave band with high absorption and utilization efficiency, and efficient absorption and utilization of sunlight in a wider wave band range by the solar cell are further enhanced. The photoelectric conversion efficiency and the quantum efficiency of the solar cell are improved through the combined action of the two aspects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a solar cell sheet, a solar cell assembly and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The principle of solar photovoltaic power generation is to use solar cells to absorb sunlight within a certain wavelength range (for example, crystalline silicon cells have a wavelength of 0.4μm to 1.1μm) and directly convert light energy into electrical energy output. Solar cells are made according to the photoelectric properties of specific materials (such as conductors or semiconductors). Black bodies (such as the sun) radiate electromagnetic waves of different wavelengths (corresponding to different frequencies), such as infrared, ultraviolet, visible light, etc. When these electromagnetic waves are irradiated on different conductors or semiconductors, photons interact with free electrons in the conductors or semiconductors to generate current. The shorter the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave and the higher the frequency, the higher the energy it has. For example, the energy of ultraviolet rays is much higher than that of infrared rays. However, not all wavelengths of electromagnetic waves can be converted into electrical energy. It is worth noting that the photoelectric effect has nothing to do with the intensity of the electromagnetic wave. Only when the frequency reaches or exceeds the threshold of the conductor or semiconductor that can produce the photoelectric effect, can the current be generated. The maximum wavelength of light that can cause the semiconductor to produce the photoelectric effect is related to the bandgap width of the semiconductor. For example, the bandgap width of crystalline silicon is about 1.155eV at room temperature. Therefore, light with a wavelength less than 1100nm can cause crystalline silicon to produce the photoelectric effect. It can be seen that only when the semiconductor has a suitable bandgap width can the solar cell effectively absorb the light energy in the solar spectrum. A too wide bandgap width may cause certain bands of light to be unable to be effectively utilized. A too narrow bandgap width may increase the probability of carrier recombination and reduce the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Therefore, a single semiconductor material has application limitations. It can only produce a photoelectric effect under the irradiation of light of a specific frequency (or a specific wavelength), which leads to a low utilization rate of solar light by existing solar cells (only light of a specific frequency or a specific wavelength can be used), and the photoelectric conversion efficiency and quantum efficiency are low. Summary of the invention

[0003] Based on the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a solar cell, a solar cell assembly and a preparation method thereof, aiming to solve the problem that the photoelectric conversion efficiency and quantum efficiency of existing solar cells need to be further improved.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a composite solar cell is provided, wherein the composite solar cell comprises a solar cell and a photonic crystal structure layer located on the surface of the solar cell and / or in the solar cell, wherein the material of the photonic crystal structure layer comprises a first material and a second material, wherein the absolute value of the refractive index difference between the first material and the second material is greater than or equal to 0.1, and the first material comprises at least one of an up-conversion material, a down-conversion material and a perovskite material.

[0006] Optionally, the mass ratio of the first material to the second material is (1-8):(1-8).

[0007] Optionally, the second material includes at least one of an oxide material, a polymer material and a metal nanomaterial; the oxide material includes ZrO2, Y2O3, Pr6O 11 , TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and CeO2; the polymer material includes at least one of polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate and liquid crystal polymer; the metal nanomaterial includes at least one of gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles.

[0008] Optionally, the up-conversion material comprises NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Tm 3+ @TiO2、NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ 、YF3:Yb 3+ ,Er 3 + 、YOF:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ 、NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ @SiO2@TiO2、NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ @TiO2 and NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ At least one of @SiO2@Au;

[0009] The down conversion material comprises at least one of an inorganic down conversion material and an organic fluorescent down conversion material, wherein the inorganic down conversion material comprises SrAlF5:Pr 3+ 、YF3:Pr 3+ 、NaYF4:Pr 3+ 、CaAlF5:Pr 3+ 、NaMgF3:Pr 3+ 、KMgF3:Pr 3 + 、LaZrF7:Pr3+ 、SrAl 12 O 19 :Pr 3+ 、LiYF4:Gd 3+ 、LiGdF4:Eu 3+ 、GdF3:Eu 3+ 、BaF2:Gd 3+ ,Eu 3+ 、LiGdF4:Er 3+ ,Tb 3+ , Zn2SiO4:Mn, Zn3(PO4)2:Mn, Cd3(PO4)2:Mn, Y2O3:Eu, YVO4:Eu, ZnS:Zn, ZnS:Ag, ZnS:Cu,Ag and ZnS:Cu,Al; the organic fluorescent down-conversion material includes at least one of BUV 395, AF 350, AF 405, BV 421, coumarin and coumarin derivatives; the perovskite material includes at least one of an organic and inorganic mixed perovskite material and an all-inorganic perovskite material.

[0010] Optionally, the solar cell includes at least one of a silicon solar cell, an oxide solar cell, a perovskite solar cell, a cadmium telluride solar cell, a gallium arsenide solar cell, and a cadmium sulfide solar cell.

[0011] Optionally, the solar cells include two of silicon solar cells, oxide solar cells, perovskite solar cells, cadmium telluride solar cells, gallium arsenide solar cells, and cadmium sulfide solar cells, and the two solar cells are alternately stacked.

[0012] Optionally, the composite solar cell further comprises a perovskite thin film layer, and the perovskite thin film layer is located on the surface of the solar cell.

[0013] A second aspect of the present invention provides a solar cell assembly, wherein the solar cell assembly comprises a solar cell sheet, a first adhesive film layer and a glass plate layer stacked in sequence from bottom to top, and the solar cell assembly further comprises at least one photonic crystal structure layer;

[0014] The at least one photonic crystal structure layer is located in at least one of the first adhesive film layer and the glass plate layer and / or is located on the surface of at least one of the first adhesive film layer and the glass plate layer;

[0015] The material of the photonic crystal structure layer includes a first material and a second material, the absolute value of the refractive index difference between the first material and the second material is greater than or equal to 0.1, and the first material includes at least one of an up-conversion material, a down-conversion material and a perovskite material.

[0016] Optionally, the solar cell assembly further comprises a second adhesive film layer disposed on a side of the solar cell away from the first adhesive film layer, and a backplane disposed on a side of the second adhesive film layer away from the solar cell;

[0017] When a photonic crystal structure layer is located on the upper surface of the glass plate layer, the solar cell assembly also includes a third adhesive film layer. At this time, the photonic crystal structure layer is located on the upper surface of the glass plate layer and in the third adhesive film layer and / or is located on the upper surface of the glass plate layer and between the third adhesive film layer and the glass plate layer.

[0018] Optionally, the thickness of the photonic crystal structure layer is 20 nm to 1000 μm.

[0019] Optionally, the material of the first film layer includes at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin elastomer, and polyethylene foam; the material of the second film layer includes at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin elastomer, and polyethylene foam; the material of the third film layer includes at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin elastomer, and polyethylene foam.

[0020] Optionally, the solar cell assembly further includes a perovskite thin film layer, and the perovskite thin film layer is located between the solar cell sheet and the first adhesive film layer.

[0021] Optionally, the solar cell includes at least one of a silicon solar cell, an oxide solar cell, a perovskite solar cell, a cadmium telluride solar cell, a gallium arsenide solar cell, and a cadmium sulfide solar cell.

[0022] Optionally, the solar cells include two of silicon solar cells, oxide solar cells, perovskite solar cells, cadmium telluride solar cells, gallium arsenide solar cells, and cadmium sulfide solar cells, and the two solar cells are alternately stacked.

[0023] Optionally, the mass ratio of the first material to the second material is (1-8):(1-8).

[0024] Optionally, the up-conversion material comprises NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Tm 3+ @TiO2、NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ 、YF3:Yb 3+ ,Er 3 + 、YOF:Yb 3+ ,Er3+ 、NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ @SiO2@TiO2、NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ @TiO2 and NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ At least one of @SiO2@Au;

[0025] The down conversion material comprises at least one of an inorganic down conversion material and an organic fluorescent down conversion material, wherein the inorganic down conversion material comprises SrAlF5:Pr 3+ 、YF3:Pr 3+ 、NaYF4:Pr 3+ 、CaAlF5:Pr 3+ 、NaMgF3:Pr 3+ 、KMgF3:Pr 3 + 、LaZrF7:Pr 3+ 、SrAl 12 O 19 :Pr 3+ 、LiYF4:Gd 3+ 、LiGdF4:Eu 3+ 、GdF3:Eu 3+ 、BaF2:Gd 3+ ,Eu 3+ 、LiGdF4:Er 3+ ,Tb 3+ , Zn2SiO4:Mn, Zn3(PO4)2:Mn, Cd3(PO4)2:Mn, Y2O3:Eu, YVO4:Eu, ZnS:Zn, ZnS:Ag, ZnS:Cu,Ag and ZnS:Cu,Al; the organic fluorescent down conversion material comprises at least one of BUV 395, AF 350, AF 405, BV 421, coumarin and coumarin derivatives;

[0026] The perovskite material includes at least one of an organic and inorganic mixed perovskite material and an all-inorganic perovskite material;

[0027] The second material includes at least one of an oxide material, a polymer material and a metal nanomaterial; the oxide material includes ZrO2, Y2O3, Pr6O 11 , TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and CeO2; the polymer material includes at least one of polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate and liquid crystal polymer; the metal nanomaterial includes at least one of gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles.

[0028] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the solar cell module as described above, wherein the method for preparing the solar cell module comprises the steps of:

[0029] Provide solar cells;

[0030] A first adhesive film layer and a glass plate layer are sequentially formed on the solar cell sheet, and at least one photonic crystal structure layer is formed in at least one of the first adhesive film layer and the glass plate layer and / or on the surface of at least one of the first adhesive film layer and the glass plate layer.

[0031] Optionally, the steps of preparing the photonic crystal structure layer specifically include:

[0032] Mixing the first material and the second material to form a film, and then etching to form a photonic crystal structure layer; or,

[0033] The first material and the second material are mixed and then formed into a photonic crystal structure layer through precision coating, vacuum coating or self-assembly.

[0034] Beneficial effects: The present invention sets a photonic crystal structure layer on and / or in a solar cell, which can change the light field distribution after the incident sunlight, increase the propagation path of sunlight in the solar cell, and use the diffraction of light to enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. In addition, since the first material in the photonic crystal structure layer includes at least one of an up-conversion material, a down-conversion material, and a perovskite material, it can convert light in a band with a lower absorption and utilization efficiency of the solar cell into light in a band with a higher absorption and utilization efficiency, further enhancing the efficient absorption and utilization of sunlight in a wider band by the solar cell. The combined effect of the two aspects improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency and quantum efficiency of the solar cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module of the first structure.

[0036] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module of the second structure.

[0037] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module of the third structure.

[0038] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module of the fourth structure.

[0039] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module of the fifth structure.

[0040] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module of the sixth structure.

[0041] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module of the seventh structure.

[0042] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module of the eighth structure.

[0043] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module of the ninth structure.

[0044] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module of the tenth structure.

[0045] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of a photonic crystal structure layer containing honeycomb-arranged structural units.

[0046] Fig.12 Schematic diagram of a photonic crystal structure layer containing square-shaped arranged structural units.

[0047] Fig.13 Schematic diagram of a photonic crystal structure layer containing non-close-packed structural units.

[0048] Fig.14 Schematic diagram of a photonic crystal structure layer containing two layers of non-close-packed structural units.

[0049] Fig.15 Schematic diagram of a photonic crystal structure layer containing two layers of close-packed structural units.

[0050] Fig.16 Schematic diagram of a photonic crystal structure layer containing three layers of close-packed structural units.

[0051] Fig.17 Schematic diagram of a photonic crystal structure layer containing a rotation moiré superlattice structure unit.

[0052] Fig.18 Schematic diagram of the photonic crystal structure layer on the textured surface of a solar cell.

[0053] Fig.19 EQE curve diagram of the solar cell module in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.

[0054] Fig. 20 Result diagram of EQE integral value of solar cell modules in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The present invention provides a solar cell, a solar cell assembly and a preparation method thereof. To make the purpose, technical solution and effect of the present invention clearer and more specific, the present invention is further described in detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0056] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by technicians in the technical field of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. An embodiment of the present invention provides a composite solar cell, wherein the composite solar cell includes a solar cell and a photonic crystal structure layer located on the surface of the solar cell and / or in the solar cell (its specific structure can be seen below), the material of the photonic crystal structure layer includes a first material and a second material, the absolute value of the refractive index difference between the first material and the second material is greater than or equal to 0.1, and the first material includes at least one of an up-conversion material, a down-conversion material and a perovskite material.

[0057] The present invention sets a photonic crystal structure layer on and / or in a solar cell (a first material and a second material whose absolute value of the refractive index difference is greater than or equal to 0.1 are used in combination to form a photonic crystal structure layer), which can change the light field distribution after the incident sunlight, increase the propagation path of sunlight in the solar cell, and use the diffraction of light to enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. In addition, since the first material in the photonic crystal structure layer includes at least one of an up-conversion material, a down-conversion material, and a perovskite material, it can convert light in a band with a lower absorption and utilization efficiency of the solar cell into light in a band with a higher absorption and utilization efficiency, further enhancing the efficient absorption and utilization of sunlight in a wider band by the solar cell. The combined effect of the two aspects improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency and quantum efficiency of the solar cell.

[0058] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the first material to the second material is (1-8):(1-8). In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the first material to the second material is (1-2):(1-8) or (1-8):(1-2). For example, the mass ratio of the first material to the second material is 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1 or 8:1, etc.

[0059] In some embodiments, the second material includes at least one of an oxide material, a polymer material, and a metal nanomaterial, and the oxide material includes ZrO2, Y2O3, Pr6O11 , TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and CeO2, but not limited thereto; the polymer material includes at least one of polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate and liquid crystal polymer (such as cyanate liquid crystal polymer), but not limited thereto; the metal nanomaterial includes at least one of gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles, but not limited thereto.

[0060] In some embodiments, the upconversion material includes but is not limited to NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Tm 3+ @TiO2 (For its preparation method, please refer to β-NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Tm 3+ @TiO2 core-shell nanoparticles incorporated into themesoporous layer for high efficiency perovskite solar cells, Liang, Jiwei, "Electrochimica Acta"), NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ 、YF3:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ 、YOF:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ 、NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ @SiO2@TiO2 (the preparation method is shown in Performance optimization in dye-sensitized solar cells with beta-NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ @SiO2@TiO2 mesoporous microspheres as multi-functional photoanodes, Zhu, Yihua, "Electrochimica Acta") and NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ @SiO2@Au (For its preparation method, please refer to Multifunctional NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+@SiO2@Au heterogeneous nanocomposites for upconversion luminescence, temperature sensing and photothermal conversion, DLi, "Rsc Advances"); the down-conversion material includes at least one of an inorganic down-conversion material and an organic fluorescence down-conversion material, and the inorganic down-conversion material includes but is not limited to SrAlF5:Pr 3+ (This material is Pr 3+ doped SrAlF5, the meaning of similarly expressed materials in the present invention is analogous), YF3:Pr 3+ 、NaYF4:Pr 3+ 、CaAlF5:Pr 3+ 、NaMgF3:Pr 3+ 、KMgF3:Pr 3+ 、LaZrF7:Pr 3+ 、SrAl 12 O 19 :Pr 3+ 、LiYF4:Gd 3+ 、LiGdF4:Eu 3+ 、GdF3:Eu 3+ 、BaF2:Gd 3+ ,Eu 3+ 、LiGdF4:Er 3+ ,Tb 3+, at least one of Zn2SiO4:Mn, Zn3(PO4)2:Mn, Cd3(PO4)2:Mn, Y2O3:Eu, YVO4:Eu, ZnS:Zn, ZnS:Ag, ZnS:Cu,Ag, and ZnS:Cu,Al; the organic fluorescence down-conversion material includes, but is not limited to, at least one of BUV 395 (i.e., Brilliant Ultra Violet 395, available from ThermoFisher scientific), AF 350 (i.e., Alexa Fluor 350, available from Duofluorescent Biotechnology), AF 405 (i.e., Alexa Fluor 405, available from Duofluorescent Biotechnology), BV 421 (i.e., Brilliant Ultra Violet 421, available from ThermoFisher scientific), coumarin, and coumarin derivatives. The perovskite material includes at least one of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials and all-inorganic perovskite materials. The organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials include, but are not limited to, CH3NH3PbBr3, CH3NH3PbI3, CH3NH3PbI 3-x Br x , at least one of (0 < x < 3); the all-inorganic perovskite materials include, but are not limited to, at least one of perovskite sulfides (e.g., CsPbS3), perovskite selenides (e.g., CsPbSe3), perovskite lead ferrite (e.g., PbFeO3), perovskite bismuth ferrite (e.g., BiFeO3), and perovskite oxides (e.g., CaTiO3).

[0061] In some embodiments, the solar cell wafer includes at least one of silicon solar cell wafers, oxide solar cell wafers, perovskite solar cell wafers, cadmium telluride solar cell wafers, gallium arsenide solar cell wafers, and cadmium sulfide solar cell wafers, but is not limited thereto.

[0062] In some embodiments, the solar cell wafer includes two of silicon solar cell wafers, oxide solar cell wafers, perovskite solar cell wafers, cadmium telluride solar cell wafers, gallium arsenide solar cell wafers, and cadmium sulfide solar cell wafers, and the two solar cell wafers are alternately stacked.

[0063] In some embodiments, the composite solar cell further comprises a perovskite film layer, and the perovskite film layer is located on the surface of the solar cell. When the photonic crystal structure layer is located on the surface of the solar cell, the perovskite film is located between the solar cell and the photonic crystal structure layer. When the photonic crystal structure layer is located in the solar cell, the perovskite film layer is located on the surface of the solar cell. Wherein, the perovskite material comprises at least one of an organic and inorganic mixed perovskite material and an all-inorganic perovskite material, but is not limited thereto.

[0064] In some embodiments, a photonic crystal structure layer can be directly prepared on the textured solar cell sheet, such as Fig.18 As shown, the photonic crystal structure units in the photonic crystal structure layer (i.e., the small balls in the figure) present a rotationally symmetrical distribution structure, a periodic structure distribution with gaps, etc. The texturing process can also be adjusted to directly prepare the photonic crystal structure layer during the texturing process.

[0065] An embodiment of the present invention provides a solar cell assembly, the solar cell assembly comprising a solar cell sheet, a first adhesive film layer and a glass plate layer stacked in sequence from bottom to top, the solar cell assembly further comprising at least one photonic crystal structure layer;

[0066] The at least one photonic crystal structure layer is located in at least one of the first adhesive film layer and the glass plate layer and / or is located on the surface of at least one of the first adhesive film layer and the glass plate layer;

[0067] The material of the photonic crystal structure layer includes a first material and a second material (specific selection thereof is described above), the absolute value of the refractive index difference between the first material and the second material is greater than or equal to 0.1, and the first material includes at least one of an up-conversion material, a down-conversion material and a perovskite material.

[0068] In this embodiment, the solar cell assembly may include one photonic crystal structure layer, and may also include two, three, four or five photonic crystal structure layers. When the solar cell assembly includes one photonic crystal structure layer, the photonic crystal structure layer may be located on the lower surface of the first adhesive film layer, in the first adhesive film layer, on the upper surface of the first adhesive film layer (i.e., the lower surface of the glass plate layer), in the glass plate layer or on the upper surface of the glass plate layer. When the solar cell assembly includes two, three, four or five photonic crystal structure layers, they may be located on the lower surface of the first adhesive film layer, in the first adhesive film layer, on the upper surface of the first adhesive film layer (i.e., the lower surface of the glass plate layer), in the glass plate layer or on the upper surface of the glass plate layer. Of course, the first adhesive film layer may also contain two or more photonic crystal structure layers, and the glass plate layer may also contain two or more photonic crystal structure layers.

[0069] In this embodiment, the specific structure of the solar cell is prior art and will not be described in detail herein.

[0070] The present invention sets a photonic crystal structure layer in at least one of the first adhesive film layer and the glass plate layer and / or on the surface of at least one of the first adhesive film layer and the glass plate layer, which can change the light field distribution after the sunlight is incident, increase the propagation path of the sunlight in the solar cell module, and use the diffraction of light to enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module. At the same time, the photonic crystal structure can produce resonant absorption of light of a specific wavelength, which can enhance the absorption of light waves of a specific frequency. In addition, since the first material in the photonic crystal structure layer includes at least one of an up-conversion material, a down-conversion material and a perovskite material, it can convert light in a band with a lower absorption and utilization efficiency of the solar cell into light in a band with a higher absorption and utilization efficiency, further enhancing the efficient absorption and utilization of sunlight in a wider band range by the solar cell module. The two aspects work together to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and quantum efficiency of the solar cell module. Compared with the solar cell module without the photonic crystal structure layer, the QE quantum efficiency (QE) of the solar cell module with the photonic crystal structure layer in the present invention is increased by more than or equal to 1%, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is increased by more than or equal to 0.2%, and the power generation power is increased by more than or equal to 1%.

[0071] In some embodiments, the solar cell assembly includes a second adhesive film layer disposed on a side of the solar cell away from the first adhesive film layer, and a backplane disposed on a side of the second adhesive film layer away from the solar cell.

[0072] In some embodiments, when there is a photonic crystal structure layer located on the upper surface of the glass plate layer, the solar cell assembly further includes a third adhesive film layer, in which case the photonic crystal structure layer is located on the upper surface of the glass plate layer and in the third adhesive film layer and / or the photonic crystal structure layer is located on the upper surface of the glass plate layer and between the third adhesive film layer and the glass plate layer. In this embodiment, the photonic crystal structure layer is located in the third adhesive film layer, or the photonic crystal structure layer is located between the third adhesive film layer and the glass plate layer, or there are two layers of photonic crystal structure layers, which are located in the third adhesive film layer and between the third adhesive film layer and the glass plate layer, respectively.

[0073] The solar cell provided by the present invention has multiple implementation methods. The following ten types of solar cell modules are used as examples. When it contains one photonic crystal structure layer, it is represented by the first photonic crystal structure layer; when it contains two photonic crystal structure layers, it is represented by the first photonic crystal structure layer and the second photonic crystal structure layer respectively; when it contains three photonic crystal structure layers, it is represented by the first photonic crystal structure layer, the second photonic crystal structure layer and the third photonic crystal structure layer respectively.

[0074] In a first embodiment, a solar cell module of a first structure is provided, such as Figure 1 As shown, the solar cell assembly includes a back panel 1, a second adhesive film layer 2, a solar cell sheet 3, a first adhesive film layer 4 and a glass plate layer 5 which are stacked in sequence from bottom to top, and the solar cell assembly also includes a first photonic crystal structure layer 61; the first photonic crystal structure layer 61 is located in the first adhesive film layer 4; the material of the first photonic crystal structure layer includes a first material and a second material, the absolute value of the refractive index difference between the first material and the second material is greater than or equal to 0.1, and the first material includes at least one of an up-conversion material, a down-conversion material and a perovskite material.

[0075] In the embodiment of the present invention, a first photonic crystal structure layer is provided in the first adhesive film layer, which can divide the incident sunlight into multiple beams of light, increase the propagation path of sunlight in the solar cell module, and play a role in diffraction and spectroscopy. At the same time, since the material of the first photonic crystal structure layer includes at least one of an up-conversion material and a down-conversion material, it can convert light in the ultraviolet band into visible light and near-infrared light bands, or convert light in the infrared band into visible light and near-infrared light bands, further enhancing the absorption of sunlight by the solar cell module. The combined effect of the two aspects improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency and quantum efficiency of the solar cell module. Taking the solar cell as a single-crystal silicon solar cell as an example, the solar cell module of the first structure is compared with the solar cell module without the first photonic crystal structure layer (the difference from the solar cell module of the first structure is only that it does not contain the first photonic crystal structure layer 61), the quantum efficiency is improved by more than or equal to 1%, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved by more than or equal to 0.2%, and the power generation power is improved by more than or equal to 1%.

[0076] In a second embodiment, a solar cell module of a second structure is provided, such as Figure 2 As shown, the solar cell assembly includes a back plate 1, a second adhesive film layer 2, a solar cell 3, a first adhesive film layer 4 and a glass plate layer 5 which are stacked in sequence from bottom to top; the solar cell assembly also includes a first photonic crystal structure layer 61; the first photonic crystal structure layer 61 is located on the lower surface of the first adhesive film layer 4 (i.e., between the first adhesive film layer 4 and the solar cell 3). The selection of the material of the first photonic crystal structure layer refers to the solar cell assembly of the first structure.

[0077] In a third embodiment, a solar cell module of a third structure is provided, such as Figure 3As shown, the solar cell assembly includes a back plate 1, a second adhesive film layer 2, a solar cell sheet 3, a first adhesive film layer 4, and a glass plate layer 5 which are stacked in sequence from bottom to top; the solar cell assembly also includes a first photonic crystal structure layer 61; the first photonic crystal structure layer 61 is located on the upper surface of the first adhesive film layer 4 (i.e., located between the first adhesive film layer 4 and the glass plate layer 5). The selection of the material of the first photonic crystal structure layer refers to the solar cell assembly of the first structure.

[0078] In a fourth embodiment, a solar cell module of a fourth structure is provided, such as Figure 4 As shown, the solar cell assembly comprises a back plate 1, a second adhesive film layer 2, a solar cell sheet 3, a first adhesive film layer 4, a glass plate layer 5 and a first photonic crystal structure layer 61 (i.e., the first photonic crystal structure layer is located on the upper surface of the glass plate layer) stacked in sequence from bottom to top. The selection of the material of the first photonic crystal structure layer refers to the solar cell assembly of the first structure.

[0079] In this embodiment, the position of the first photonic crystal structure layer in the solar cell assembly of this structure is different from that of the solar cell assembly of the first structure. The first photonic crystal structure layer is located on the upper surface of the glass plate layer, but the setting of the first photonic crystal structure layer can also divide the incident sunlight into multiple beams of light, increase the propagation path of sunlight in the solar cell assembly, and play a role in diffraction and spectroscopy. At the same time, since the material of the first photonic crystal structure layer includes at least one of an up-conversion material and a down-conversion material, it can convert light in the ultraviolet band to visible light and near-infrared light bands, or convert light in the infrared band to visible light and near-infrared light bands, further enhancing the absorption of sunlight by the solar cell assembly. The combined effect of the two aspects improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency and quantum efficiency of the solar cell assembly.

[0080] In a fifth embodiment, a solar cell module of a fifth structure is provided, such as Figure 5 As shown, the solar cell assembly includes a back plate 1, a second adhesive film layer 2, a solar cell sheet 3, a first adhesive film layer 4, and a glass plate layer 5 stacked in sequence from bottom to top; the solar cell assembly also includes a first photonic crystal structure layer 61, and the first photonic crystal structure layer 61 is located in the glass plate layer 5. The selection of the material of the first photonic crystal structure layer refers to the solar cell assembly of the first structure.

[0081] In a sixth embodiment, a solar cell module of a sixth structure is provided, such as Figure 6As shown, the solar cell assembly includes a back plate 1, a second adhesive film layer 2, a solar cell sheet 3, a first adhesive film layer 4, a glass plate layer 5, and a third adhesive film layer 7 containing a first photonic crystal structure layer 61, which are stacked in sequence from bottom to top. The selection of the material of the first photonic crystal structure layer refers to the solar cell assembly of the first structure. Similarly, in this embodiment, due to the setting of the first photonic crystal structure layer, the solar cell assembly of this structure has a higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0082] In a seventh embodiment, a solar cell module of a seventh structure is provided, such as Figure 7 As shown, the solar cell assembly includes a back plate 1, a second adhesive film layer 2, a solar cell 3, a first adhesive film layer 4 containing a first photonic crystal structure layer 61, a glass plate layer 5, and a second photonic crystal structure layer 62, which are stacked in sequence from bottom to top. The selection of the material of the first photonic crystal structure layer refers to the solar cell assembly of the first structure. The material of the second photonic crystal structure layer includes a first material and a second material, the absolute value of the refractive index difference between the first material and the second material is greater than or equal to 0.1, and the first material includes at least one of an up-conversion material, a down-conversion material, and a perovskite material.

[0083] In this embodiment, the simultaneous provision of the first photonic crystal structure layer and the second photonic crystal structure layer can further increase the propagation path of light in the solar cell module, improve the absorption of light by the solar cell module, and enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0084] In an eighth embodiment, a solar cell module of an eighth structure is provided, such as Figure 8 As shown, the solar cell assembly comprises a back plate 1, a second adhesive film layer 2, a solar cell sheet 3, a first adhesive film layer 4 containing a first photonic crystal structure layer 61, a second photonic crystal structure layer 62 and a glass plate layer 5 which are stacked in sequence from bottom to top. The selection of the material of the first photonic crystal structure layer refers to the solar cell assembly of the first structure, and the selection of the material of the second photonic crystal structure layer refers to the solar cell assembly of the seventh structure.

[0085] Similarly, in this embodiment, the simultaneous provision of the first photonic crystal structure layer and the second photonic crystal structure layer can further increase the propagation path of light in the solar cell module, improve the absorption of light by the solar cell module, and enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0086] In a ninth embodiment, a ninth structure of a solar cell module is provided, such as Fig. 9As shown, the solar cell assembly includes a back plate 1, a second adhesive film layer 2, a solar cell sheet 3, a first adhesive film layer 4 containing a first photonic crystal structure layer 61, a glass plate layer 5, and a third adhesive film layer 7 containing a second photonic crystal structure layer 62. The selection of the material of the first photonic crystal structure layer refers to the solar cell assembly of the first structure. The selection of the material of the second photonic crystal structure layer refers to the solar cell assembly of the seventh structure.

[0087] Similarly, in this embodiment, the simultaneous provision of the first photonic crystal structure layer and the second photonic crystal structure layer can further increase the propagation path of light in the solar cell module, improve the absorption of light by the solar cell module, and enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0088] In a tenth embodiment, a solar cell module of a tenth structure is provided, such as Fig.10 As shown, the solar cell assembly comprises a back plate 1, a second adhesive film layer 2, a solar cell sheet 3, a first adhesive film layer 4 containing a first photonic crystal structure layer 61, a third photonic crystal structure layer 63, a glass plate layer 5, and a third adhesive film layer 7 containing a second photonic crystal structure layer 62, which are stacked in sequence from bottom to top. The selection of the material of the first photonic crystal structure layer and the material of the second photonic crystal structure layer refers to the solar cell assembly of the seventh structure, the material of the third photonic crystal structure layer comprises a first material and a second material, the absolute value of the difference in refractive index between the first material and the second material is greater than or equal to 0.1, and the first material comprises at least one of an up-conversion material, a down-conversion material, and a perovskite material.

[0089] In this embodiment, the simultaneous arrangement of the first photonic crystal structure layer, the second photonic crystal structure layer and the third photonic crystal structure layer can further increase the propagation path of light in the solar cell module, improve the solar cell module's absorption of light, and enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0090] In some embodiments, for the solar cell modules of the above ten structures, a perovskite film layer may be further provided between the solar cell sheet and the first adhesive film layer. The provision of the perovskite film layer can ensure that the solar cell module still has a high photoelectric conversion efficiency in a weak light environment, further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module. In some embodiments, the perovskite film layer is composed of freely distributed perovskite particles, or is composed of periodically arranged perovskite particles.

[0091] In some embodiments, for the solar cell modules of the above ten structures, the thickness of the first photonic crystal structure layer is 20nm to 1000μm, for example, it can be 20nm, 50nm, 100nm, 200nm, 500nm, 800nm, 1μm, 5μm, 10μm, 100μm, 200μm, 500μm, 800μm or 1000μm, etc.

[0092] In some embodiments, for a solar cell module of the above structure containing a second photonic crystal structure layer, the thickness of the second photonic crystal structure layer is 20nm to 1000μm, for example, it can be 20nm, 50nm, 100nm, 200nm, 500nm, 800nm, 1μm, 5μm, 10μm, 100μm, 200μm, 500μm, 800μm or 1000μm, etc.

[0093] In some embodiments, for a solar cell module of the above structure containing a third photonic crystal structure layer, the thickness of the third photonic crystal structure layer is 20nm to 1000μm, for example, it can be 20nm, 50nm, 100nm, 200nm, 500nm, 800nm, 1μm, 5μm, 10μm, 100μm, 200μm, 500μm, 800μm or 1000μm, etc.

[0094] In some embodiments, for the solar cell modules of the above ten structures, the up-conversion material includes but is not limited to NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Tm 3+ @TiO2 (For its preparation method, please refer to β-NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Tm 3+ @TiO2 core-shellnanoparticles incorporated into the mesoporous layer for high efficiency perovskite solar cells, Liang, Jiwei, "Electrochimica Acta"), NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ 、YF3:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ 、YOF:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ 、NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+@SiO2@TiO2 (For its preparation method, please refer to Performance optimization in dye-sensitized solar cells with beta-NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ @SiO2@TiO2mesoporous microspheres as multi-functional photoanodes, Zhu, Yihua, "Electrochimica Acta") and NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ @SiO2@Au (For its preparation method, please refer to MultifunctionalNaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ @SiO2@Au heterogeneous nanocomposites for upconversionluminescence,temperature sensing and photothermal conversion, D Li, "RscAdvances"); the down-conversion material includes at least one of an inorganic down-conversion material and an organic fluorescence down-conversion material, the inorganic down-conversion material includes SrAlF5:Pr 3+ (This material is Pr 3+ doped SrAlF5, the meaning of similarly expressed materials in the present invention is analogous), YF3:Pr 3+ 、NaYF4:Pr 3+ 、CaAlF5:Pr 3+ 、NaMgF3:Pr 3+ 、KMgF3:Pr 3+ 、LaZrF7:Pr 3+ 、SrAl 12 O 19 :Pr 3+ 、LiYF4:Gd 3+ 、LiGdF4:Eu 3+ 、GdF3:Eu 3+ 、BaF2:Gd 3+ ,Eu 3+ 、LiGdF4:Er 3+ ,Tb 3+, at least one of Zn2SiO4:Mn, Zn3(PO4)2:Mn, Cd3(PO4)2:Mn, Y2O3:Eu, YVO4:Eu, ZnS:Zn, ZnS:Ag, ZnS:Cu,Ag, and ZnS:Cu,Al; the organic fluorescence down-conversion material includes at least one of BUV 395 (i.e., Brilliant Ultra Violet 395, available from ThermoFisher scientific), AF350 (i.e., Alexa Fluor350, available from Duofluo Biotechnology), AF 405 (i.e., Alexa Fluor 405, available from Duofluo Biotechnology), BV 421 (i.e., Brilliant Ultra Violet 421, available from ThermoFisher scientific), coumarin, and coumarin derivatives. The perovskite material includes at least one of an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material and an all-inorganic perovskite material. The organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material includes at least one of CH3NH3PbBr3, CH3NH3PbI3, CH3NH3PbI 3-x Br x (0 < x < 3); the all-inorganic perovskite material includes at least one of perovskite sulfide (e.g., CsPbS3), perovskite selenide (e.g., CsPbSe3), perovskite lead ferrite (e.g., PbFeO3), perovskite bismuth ferrite (e.g., BiFeO3), and perovskite oxide (e.g., CaTiO3).

[0095] In some embodiments, for the solar cell module with the above structure, the first photonic crystal structure layer, the second photonic crystal structure layer, and the third photonic crystal structure layer each independently include a honeycomb-arranged photonic crystal structure unit (as Fig.11 shown, Figures 11 to 17 each small ball can represent a photonic crystal structure unit), a square-arranged photonic crystal structure unit (as Fig.12 shown), and a photonic crystal structure unit arranged in a twist moiré superlattice structure (as Fig.17 shown), at least one of which. In the present invention, the photonic crystal structure layer includes at least one photonic crystal structure sublayer. That is, for the solar cell module with the above ten structures, the first photonic crystal structure layer, the second photonic crystal structure layer, and the third photonic crystal structure layer include at least one photonic crystal structure sublayer. When the first photonic crystal structure layer, the second photonic crystal structure layer, or the third photonic crystal structure layer includes one photonic crystal structure sublayer, as Figures 11 to 13 shown, it may include a monolayer close-packed photonic crystal structure unit( Fig.11 and Fig.12 ), which also includes a single layer of non-close-packed photonic crystal structural units (such as Fig.13 When the first photonic crystal structure layer, the second photonic crystal structure layer or the third photonic crystal structure layer includes multiple photonic crystal structure sublayers, it may include two layers of non-close-packed photonic crystal structure units (such as Fig.14 As shown), it may also include two layers of closely packed photonic crystal structural units (such as Fig.15 As shown), it may also include three layers of closely packed photonic crystal structural units (such as Fig.16 As shown), it can also include a photonic crystal structure unit (such as Fig.17 shown).

[0096] Specifically, in some embodiments, the particle size of each photonic crystal structure unit is 20nm to 1μm, for example, 20nm, 50nm, 100nm, 150nm, 200nm, 300nm, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm, 900nm or 1μm, etc. Such a particle size range can improve the light absorption rate and scattering characteristics of the photonic crystal structure layer.

[0097] In some embodiments, the material of the first adhesive film layer includes at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyolefin elastomer (POE), and polyethylene foam (EPE). The material of the second adhesive film layer includes at least one of EVA, POE, and EPE; the material of the third adhesive film layer includes at least one of EVA, POE, and EPE. The second and third adhesive film layers of these materials can play a role in enhancing transparency.

[0098] In some embodiments, the material of the back plate is one of a polyvinyl fluoride composite film, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, a polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) film, and a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film, and the glass plate is specifically a tempered glass plate.

[0099] In some embodiments, the solar cell includes at least one of a silicon solar cell, an oxide solar cell, a perovskite solar cell, a cadmium telluride solar cell, a gallium arsenide solar cell, and a cadmium sulfide solar cell, but is not limited thereto.

[0100] In some embodiments, the solar cell includes two of a silicon solar cell (which may be a single crystal silicon solar cell or an amorphous silicon solar cell), an oxide solar cell, a perovskite solar cell, a cadmium telluride solar cell, a gallium arsenide solar cell, and a cadmium sulfide solar cell, and the two solar cells are alternately stacked. The two solar cells may be provided with one, two, three, or four, etc., respectively, depending on actual needs.

[0101] As an example, the solar cell includes a silicon solar cell and a perovskite solar cell, and the silicon solar cell and the perovskite solar cell are alternately stacked. In this embodiment, the arrangement of the perovskite solar cell can ensure that the solar cell module still has a high photoelectric conversion efficiency in a weak light environment, thereby further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell module.

[0102] In some embodiments, the perovskite solar cell comprises a perovskite light-absorbing material, the chemical formula of the perovskite light-absorbing material is ABX3, wherein A is an organic or inorganic cation such as a methylamine (MA) ion, a formamidine (FA) ion, or a cesium (Cs) ion, B is a metal cation such as a lead (Pb) ion or a tin (Sn) ion, and X is a halogen ion such as a chloride (Cl) ion, an iodine (I) ion, a bromide (Br) ion, or a thiocyanate (SCN) ion.

[0103] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for preparing solar cells of the above ten structures, wherein the solar cell of the first structure comprises a backplane, a second adhesive film layer, a solar cell sheet, a first adhesive film layer containing a first photonic crystal structure layer therein, and a glass plate layer stacked in sequence from bottom to top, and the preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

[0104] S11, provide a backplane;

[0105] S12, forming a second adhesive film layer and a solar cell (the structure and preparation method of the solar cell are prior art) on the backplane in sequence;

[0106] S13, forming a first adhesive film layer containing a first photonic crystal structure layer on the solar cell sheet, and forming a glass plate layer on the first adhesive film layer.

[0107] The second type of solar cell assembly comprises a backplane, a second adhesive film layer, a solar cell sheet, a first photonic crystal structure layer, a first adhesive film layer and a glass plate layer stacked in sequence from bottom to top, and the preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

[0108] S21, providing a backplane;

[0109] S22, forming a second adhesive film layer and a solar cell sheet on the backplane in sequence;

[0110] S23, forming a first photonic crystal structure layer on the solar cell sheet, forming a first adhesive film layer on the first photonic crystal structure layer, and forming a glass plate layer on the first adhesive film layer.

[0111] The solar cell of the third structure comprises a backplane, a second adhesive film layer, a solar cell sheet, a first adhesive film layer, a first photonic crystal structure layer and a glass plate layer stacked in sequence from bottom to top, and the preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

[0112] S31, providing a backplane;

[0113] S32, forming a second adhesive film layer and a solar cell sheet on the backplane in sequence;

[0114] S33, forming a first adhesive film layer on the solar cell sheet, forming a first photonic crystal structure layer on the first adhesive film layer, and forming a glass plate layer on the first photonic crystal structure layer;

[0115] The fourth type of solar cell structure includes a backplane, a second adhesive film layer, a solar cell sheet, a first adhesive film layer, a glass plate layer and a first photonic crystal structure layer stacked in sequence from bottom to top, and a preparation method thereof includes the following steps:

[0116] S41, providing a backplane;

[0117] S42, forming a second adhesive film layer and a solar cell sheet on the backplane in sequence;

[0118] S43, forming a first adhesive film layer on the solar cell sheet, forming a glass plate layer on the first adhesive film layer, and forming a first photonic crystal structure layer on the glass plate layer.

[0119] The fifth type of solar cell structure includes a backplane, a second adhesive film layer, a solar cell sheet, a first adhesive film layer, and a glass plate layer containing a first photonic crystal structure layer stacked in sequence from bottom to top, and a preparation method thereof includes the following steps:

[0120] S51, providing a backplane;

[0121] S52, forming a second adhesive film layer and a solar cell sheet on the backplane in sequence;

[0122] S53, forming a first adhesive film layer on the solar cell sheet, and forming a glass plate layer containing a first photonic crystal structure layer on the first adhesive film layer.

[0123] The sixth type of solar cell structure includes a backplane, a second adhesive film layer, a solar cell sheet, a first adhesive film layer, a glass plate layer and a third adhesive film layer containing a first photonic crystal structure layer stacked in sequence from bottom to top, and a preparation method thereof includes the following steps:

[0124] S61, provide a back panel;

[0125] S62, forming a second adhesive film layer and a solar cell sheet on the back panel in sequence;

[0126] S63, forming a first adhesive film layer on the solar cell sheet, forming a glass plate layer on the first adhesive film layer, and forming a third adhesive film layer containing a first photonic crystal structure layer on the glass plate layer.

[0127] The solar cell of the seventh structure includes a backplane, a second adhesive film layer, a solar cell sheet, a first adhesive film layer containing a first photonic crystal structure, a glass plate layer, and a second photonic crystal structure layer stacked in sequence from bottom to top, and the preparation method thereof includes the following steps:

[0128] S71, provide a backplane;

[0129] S72, forming a second adhesive film layer and a solar cell sheet on the backplane in sequence;

[0130] S73, forming a first adhesive film layer containing a first photonic crystal structure on the solar cell sheet, forming a glass plate layer on the first adhesive film layer, and forming a second photonic crystal structure layer on the glass plate layer.

[0131] The solar cell of the eighth structure comprises a backplane, a second adhesive film layer, a solar cell sheet, a first adhesive film layer containing a first photonic crystal structure, a second photonic crystal structure layer and a glass plate layer stacked in sequence from bottom to top, and a preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

[0132] S81, provide a backplane;

[0133] S82, sequentially forming a second adhesive film layer and a solar cell on the backplane;

[0134] S83, forming a first adhesive film layer containing a first photonic crystal structure on the solar cell sheet, forming a second photonic crystal structure layer on the first adhesive film layer, and forming a glass plate layer on the second photonic crystal structure layer.

[0135] The solar cell of the ninth structure comprises a backplane, a second adhesive film layer, a solar cell sheet, a first adhesive film layer containing a first photonic crystal structure, a glass plate layer, and a third adhesive film layer containing a second photonic crystal structure layer, which are stacked in sequence from bottom to top. The preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

[0136] S91, provide back panel;

[0137] S92, forming a second adhesive film layer and a solar cell sheet on the back panel in sequence;

[0138] S93, forming a first adhesive film layer containing a first photonic crystal structure on the solar cell sheet, forming a glass plate layer on the first adhesive film layer, and forming a third adhesive film layer containing a second photonic crystal structure on the glass plate layer.

[0139] The solar cell of the tenth structure comprises a backplane, a second adhesive film layer, a solar cell sheet, a first adhesive film layer containing a first photonic crystal structure, a third photonic crystal structure layer, a glass plate layer, and a third adhesive film layer containing a second photonic crystal structure layer, which are stacked in sequence from bottom to top. The preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:

[0140] S101, providing a backplane;

[0141] S102, sequentially forming a second adhesive film layer and a solar cell on the backplane;

[0142] S103, forming on the solar cell;

[0143] A first adhesive film layer containing a first photonic crystal structure is formed on the first adhesive film layer, a third photonic crystal structure layer is formed on the third photonic crystal structure layer, and a third adhesive film layer containing a second photonic crystal structure layer is formed on the glass layer.

[0144] In steps S13, S73 and S93, in some embodiments, the step of forming a first adhesive film layer containing a first photonic crystal structure layer on the solar cell specifically includes:

[0145] Step A, forming a first photonic crystal structure layer on the solar cell, and then arranging a first adhesive film on the first photonic crystal structure layer, and after hot pressing, forming a first adhesive film layer containing the first photonic crystal structure layer on the solar cell; or,

[0146] Step B, providing a first adhesive film, forming a first photonic crystal structure layer on the first adhesive film, and then placing it on a solar cell, so that the first photonic crystal structure layer is attached to the solar cell, and after hot pressing, forming a first adhesive film layer containing the photonic crystal structure layer on the solar cell.

[0147] In steps S53 and S63, the third adhesive film layer containing the first photonic crystal structure layer is formed on the glass plate layer, referring to step A or step B. In step S103, the third adhesive film layer containing the second photonic crystal structure layer is formed on the glass plate layer, referring to step A or step B.

[0148] In step A, in some embodiments, the step of forming a first photonic crystal structure layer on the solar cell specifically includes:

[0149] Step A1: applying the first material and the second material to the solar cell to form a film after mixing (specifically, the first material and the second material can be mixed and then applied to the solar cell by spin coating or spray coating (such as inkjet coating) to form a film, and then etching to form a first photonic crystal structure layer on the solar cell); or,

[0150] Step A2: After mixing the first material and the second material, the first photonic crystal structure layer is formed on the solar cell by precision coating, vacuum deposition or self-assembly (such as electrostatic self-assembly).

[0151] In step A1, in some embodiments, the first material and the second material are mixed and applied to the solar cell by spin coating or spraying (such as inkjet coating) to form a film, and then etched to form a first photonic crystal structure layer on the solar cell, specifically comprising:

[0152] Adding the first material and the second material into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aqueous solution for ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a dispersion;

[0153] The dispersion is spin-coated or spray-coated on the solar cell, dried (for example, dried in a dryer at 80°C), and then laser-etched using a mask (process parameters are: power of 10 to 50 W, laser pulse width of 1 to 10 nanoseconds, laser pulse frequency of 1 to 1000 Hz, defocus of 0.01 to 0.1 mm, and auxiliary gas of argon or helium) to form a first photonic crystal structure layer on the solar cell.

[0154] In step A2, in some embodiments, the first material and the second material are mixed and then coated on the solar cell by precision coating, and dried at 60-120° C. to form a first photonic crystal structure layer on the solar cell.

[0155] In some embodiments, the first material and the second material are mixed and self-assembled to form a first photonic crystal structure layer on the cell.

[0156] The specific steps include:

[0157] The first material, the second material and the surfactant are added to a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aqueous solution for ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a substrate liquid; wherein the surfactant includes at least one of anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants and nonionic surfactants; the anionic surfactant includes at least one of alkylbenzene sulfonates (such as ammonium dodecylbenzenesulfonate), α-olefin sulfonates, and alkyl sulfonates; the cationic surfactant includes at least one of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride and octadecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride; the amphoteric surfactant includes at least one of dodecylaminopropionic acid, sulfobetaine and phosphate betaine; the nonionic surfactant includes at least one of glycerol fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers and fatty acid sorbitan;

[0158] The substrate liquid is coated on the solar cell. After drying, the solar cell is connected to a power source, and an appropriate amount of charge is applied using an electrostatic voltage of 15-25 kV for 5-10 minutes to automatically assemble the first material and the second material into a specific structure, thereby forming a first photonic crystal structure layer on the solar cell.

[0159] Of course, the substrate liquid can also be coated on the solar cell, and projected through a DLP (digital light processing) chip, exposed and developed, and then multi-layer photocuring is performed to form a first photonic crystal structure layer on the solar cell.

[0160] In some embodiments, the first material and the second material may be processed by micro-nano processing (such as nanoimprinting or two-photon printing) to form a first photonic crystal structure layer on the cell.

[0161] In step B, the specific step of forming the first photonic crystal structure layer on the first adhesive film refers to the specific step of forming the first photonic crystal structure layer on the solar cell (step A1 or step A2).

[0162] The present invention will be further described below by means of specific examples.

[0163] Example 1

[0164] This embodiment provides a solar cell assembly, such as Figure 1 As shown, the solar cell assembly includes a back plate 1, a second adhesive film layer 2, a solar cell sheet 3, a first adhesive film layer 4 and a glass plate layer 5 stacked in sequence from bottom to top, and the solar cell assembly also includes a first photonic crystal structure layer 61; the first photonic crystal structure layer 61 (structure as shown in Fig.12The solar cell is a monocrystalline silicon solar cell, the back panel is a PET film, the first and second adhesive film layers are made of EVA, and the glass plate is a tempered glass plate. The material of the first photonic crystal structure layer is NaYF4:Yb with a mass ratio of 1:1. 3+ ,Er 3+ (Yb 3+ The molar number accounts for 2% of the molar number of NaYF4, Er 3+ The molar number of NaYF4 accounts for 3% of the molar number of NaYF4. The preparation method thereof can be found in "NaYF4:Yb 3+ / Er 3+ Up-conversion temperature sensing properties under 1550nm excitation, Journal of Huzhou Normal University") and TiO2, the thickness of the first photonic crystal structure layer is 150nm (that is, the particle size of each photonic crystal structure unit is 150nm).

[0165] The method for preparing the first adhesive film layer containing the first photonic crystal structure layer comprises the following steps:

[0166] a. 1g of NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ and 1 g of TiO2 were added into 100 g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aqueous solution (PVA mass content was 80%) for ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a dispersion;

[0167] b. Spin-coat the dispersion onto the EVA substrate, dry it (for example, place it in a dryer at 80°C), and then use a mask (with the same shape as the EVA substrate) to Fig.12 Correspondingly, laser etching is performed (process parameters are: power 15 W; laser pulse width is 3 nanoseconds; laser pulse frequency is 300 Hz; defocus amount is 0.06 mm; auxiliary gas is argon) to form a first photonic crystal structure layer on the surface of the EVA substrate, and after hot pressing, a first adhesive film layer containing the first photonic crystal structure layer is formed.

[0168] Comparative Example 1

[0169] This comparative example provides a solar cell assembly, which includes a back plate, a second adhesive film layer, a monocrystalline silicon solar cell sheet, a first adhesive film layer and a glass plate layer stacked in sequence from bottom to top. That is, the only difference between comparative example 1 and embodiment 1 is that the second adhesive film layer does not contain the first photonic crystal structure layer.

[0170] The external quantum efficiency (EQE) test results of the solar cell modules in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are as follows: Fig.19 and Fig. 20As shown, it can be seen that compared with the solar cell assembly provided in Comparative Example 1 (external quantum efficiency is 95%), the solar cell assembly provided in Example 1 (external quantum efficiency is 97%) has a higher external quantum efficiency, with an improvement of about 2% (within the wavelength range of 300-1000nm).

[0171] In addition, according to the test, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell assembly in Example 1 is 25.8%, and the power generation is 8.586W. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell assembly in Comparative Example 1 is 25.55%, and the power generation is 8.5W.

[0172] Example 2

[0173] This embodiment provides a solar cell assembly, such as Figure 1 As shown, the solar cell assembly includes a back plate 1, a second adhesive film layer 2, a solar cell sheet 3, a first adhesive film layer 4 and a glass plate layer 5 stacked in sequence from bottom to top, and the solar cell assembly also includes a first photonic crystal structure layer 61; the first photonic crystal structure layer 61 (structure as shown in Fig.11 As shown) is located in the first adhesive film layer 4; the solar cell includes a layer of monocrystalline silicon solar cell and a layer of perovskite solar cell, the back panel is a PET film, the materials of the first adhesive film layer and the second adhesive film layer are both POE, and the glass plate is a tempered glass plate.

[0174] The perovskite light-absorbing material of perovskite solar cells is CH3NH3PbI3;

[0175] The material of the first photonic crystal structure layer is SrAlF5:Pr with a mass ratio of 1:1 3+ (Pr 3+ The molar number accounts for 5% of the molar number of SrAlF5) and Al2O3, and the thickness of the first photonic crystal structure layer is 200nm.

[0176] The preparation method of the first adhesive film layer containing the first photonic crystal structure layer is as described in Example 1.

[0177] The performance of the solar cell module in Example 2 was tested. The external quantum efficiency of the solar cell module in Example 2 was 97.5%, the photoelectric conversion efficiency was 25.81%, and the power generation was 8.587 W; however, the external quantum efficiency of the solar cell module in Comparative Example 1 was 95%, the photoelectric conversion efficiency was 25.55%, and the power generation was 8.5 W.

[0178] Example 3

[0179] This embodiment provides a solar cell assembly, such as Figure 1As shown, the solar cell assembly includes a back plate 1, a second adhesive film layer 2, a solar cell sheet 3, a perovskite film layer, a first adhesive film layer 4 and a glass plate layer 5 stacked in sequence from bottom to top, and the solar cell assembly also includes a first photonic crystal structure layer 61; the first photonic crystal structure layer 61 (structure as shown in Fig.12 As shown) is located in the first adhesive film layer 4; the solar cell is a monocrystalline silicon solar cell, the back panel is a PET film, the materials of the first adhesive film layer and the second adhesive film layer are both EVA, and the glass plate is a tempered glass plate.

[0180] The material of the first photonic crystal structure layer is NaYF4:Yb with a mass ratio of 1:1 3+ ,Er 3+ (Specific information is the same as in Example 1) and TiO2, the thickness of the first photonic crystal structure layer is 150nm.

[0181] The perovskite material in the perovskite thin film layer is CH3NH3SnI3.

[0182] The preparation method of the first adhesive film layer containing the first photonic crystal structure layer is as described in Example 1.

[0183] The performance of the solar cell module in Example 3 was tested. The external quantum efficiency of the solar cell module in Example 3 was 98%, the photoelectric conversion efficiency was 25.83%, and the power generation was 8.59 W; however, the external quantum efficiency of the solar cell module in Comparative Example 1 was 95%, the photoelectric conversion efficiency was 25.55%, and the power generation was 8.5 W.

[0184] Example 4

[0185] This embodiment provides a solar cell assembly, which is different from the embodiment 1 only in that the material of the first photonic crystal structure layer includes a first material and a second material in a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the first material is NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ (its preparation method and specific information are the same as those in Example 1) and ZnS:Cu,Al (wherein the molar ratio of Cu to Zn is 0.0003:1, and the molar ratio of Cu to Al is 0.5:1. For its specific preparation method, see “Preparation of ZnS:Cu,Al Nano X-ray Luminescent Powder by Hydrothermal Method and Its Spectral Characteristics, Xin Mei et al., Journal of Chemistry of Universities”), the second material is ZnO, and the thickness of the first photonic crystal structure layer is 500nm (that is, the particle size of each photonic crystal structure unit is 500nm).

[0186] The method for preparing the first adhesive film layer containing the first photonic crystal structure layer therein is referred to Example 1, and specifically comprises the steps of:

[0187] a. Add 0.5 g of NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ 0.5 g of ZnS:Cu,Al and 1 g of ZnO were added to 100 g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aqueous solution (PVA mass content was 80%) and ultrasonically dispersed to obtain a dispersion.

[0188] b. Same as step b in Example 1.

[0189] The performance of the solar cell module in Example 4 was tested. The external quantum efficiency of the solar cell module in Example 4 was 98%, the photoelectric conversion efficiency was 25.8%, and the power generation was 8.587 W; however, the external quantum efficiency of the solar cell module in Comparative Example 1 was 95%, the photoelectric conversion efficiency was 25.55%, and the power generation was 8.5 W.

[0190] It should be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. For ordinary technicians in this field, improvements or changes can be made based on the above description. All these improvements and changes should fall within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite solar cell, characterized in that: The composite solar cell comprises a solar cell and a photonic crystal structure layer located on the surface of the solar cell and / or in the solar cell, wherein the material of the photonic crystal structure layer comprises a first material and a second material, wherein the absolute value of the refractive index difference between the first material and the second material is greater than or equal to 0.1, and the first material comprises at least one of an up-conversion material, a down-conversion material and a perovskite material.

2. The composite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the first material to the second material is (1-8):(1-8).

3. The composite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second material includes at least one of an oxide material, a polymer material and a metal nanomaterial; the oxide material includes ZrO2, Y2O3, Pr6O 11 , TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and CeO2; the polymer material includes at least one of polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate and liquid crystal polymer; the metal nanomaterial includes at least one of gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles.

4. The composite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The up-conversion material includes NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Tm 3+ @TiO2、NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ 、YF3:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ 、YOF:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ 、NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ @SiO2@TiO2、NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ @TiO2 and NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ At least one of @SiO2@Au; The down conversion material comprises at least one of an inorganic down conversion material and an organic fluorescent down conversion material, wherein the inorganic down conversion material comprises SrAlF5:Pr 3+ 、YF3:Pr 3+ 、NaYF4:Pr 3+ 、CaAlF5:Pr 3+ 、NaMgF3:Pr 3+ 、KMgF3:Pr 3+ 、LaZrF7:Pr 3+ 、SrAl 12 O 19 :Pr 3+ 、LiYF4:Gd 3+ 、LiGdF4:Eu 3+ 、GdF3:Eu 3+ 、BaF2:Gd 3+ ,Eu 3+ 、LiGdF4:Er 3 + ,Tb 3+ , Zn2SiO4:Mn, Zn3(PO4)2:Mn, Cd3(PO4)2:Mn, Y2O3:Eu, YVO4:Eu, ZnS:Zn, ZnS:Ag, ZnS:Cu,Ag and ZnS:Cu,Al; the organic fluorescent down conversion material includes at least one of BUV 395, AF 350, AF 405, BV421, coumarin and coumarin derivatives; The perovskite material includes at least one of an organic and inorganic mixed perovskite material and an all-inorganic perovskite material.

5. The composite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The solar cell comprises at least one of a silicon solar cell, an oxide solar cell, a perovskite solar cell, a cadmium telluride solar cell, a gallium arsenide solar cell, and a cadmium sulfide solar cell.

6. The composite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The solar cell panels include two of silicon solar cell panels, oxide solar cell panels, perovskite solar cell panels, cadmium telluride solar cell panels, gallium arsenide solar cell panels, and cadmium sulfide solar cell panels, and the two solar cell panels are alternately stacked.

7. The composite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The composite solar cell further comprises a perovskite film layer, and the perovskite film layer is located on the surface of the solar cell.

8. A solar cell module, characterized in that: The solar cell assembly comprises a solar cell sheet, a first adhesive film layer and a glass plate layer stacked in sequence from bottom to top, and the solar cell assembly further comprises at least one photonic crystal structure layer; The at least one photonic crystal structure layer is located in at least one of the first adhesive film layer and the glass plate layer and / or is located on the surface of at least one of the first adhesive film layer and the glass plate layer; The material of the photonic crystal structure layer includes a first material and a second material, the absolute value of the refractive index difference between the first material and the second material is greater than or equal to 0.1, and the first material includes at least one of an up-conversion material, a down-conversion material and a perovskite material.

9. The solar cell assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that: The solar cell assembly further comprises a second adhesive film layer disposed on a side of the solar cell away from the first adhesive film layer, and a back plate disposed on a side of the second adhesive film layer away from the solar cell; When a photonic crystal structure layer is located on the upper surface of the glass plate layer, the solar cell assembly also includes a third adhesive film layer. At this time, the photonic crystal structure layer is located on the upper surface of the glass plate layer and in the third adhesive film layer and / or is located on the upper surface of the glass plate layer and between the third adhesive film layer and the glass plate layer.

10. The solar cell assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that: The thickness of the photonic crystal structure layer is 20 nm to 1000 μm.

11. The solar cell assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that: The material of the first film layer includes at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin elastomer, and polyethylene foam; the material of the second film layer includes at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin elastomer, and polyethylene foam; the material of the third film layer includes at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin elastomer, and polyethylene foam.

12. The solar cell assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that: The solar cell assembly further comprises a perovskite film layer, and the perovskite film layer is located between the solar cell sheet and the first adhesive film layer.

13. The solar cell assembly according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that: The solar cell comprises at least one of a silicon solar cell, an oxide solar cell, a perovskite solar cell, a cadmium telluride solar cell, a gallium arsenide solar cell, and a cadmium sulfide solar cell.

14. The solar cell assembly according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that: The solar cell panels include two of silicon solar cell panels, oxide solar cell panels, perovskite solar cell panels, cadmium telluride solar cell panels, gallium arsenide solar cell panels, and cadmium sulfide solar cell panels, and the two solar cell panels are alternately stacked.

15. The solar cell assembly according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the first material to the second material is (1-8):(1-8).

16. The solar cell assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that: The up-conversion material includes NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Tm 3+ @TiO2、NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ 、YF3:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ 、YOF:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ 、NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ @SiO2@TiO2、NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ @TiO2 and NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ At least one of @SiO2@Au; The down conversion material comprises at least one of an inorganic down conversion material and an organic fluorescent down conversion material, wherein the inorganic down conversion material comprises SrAlF5:Pr 3+ 、YF3:Pr 3+ 、NaYF4:Pr 3+ 、CaAlF5:Pr 3+ 、NaMgF3:Pr 3+ 、KMgF3:Pr 3+ 、LaZrF7:Pr 3+ 、SrAl 12 O 19 :Pr 3+ 、LiYF4:Gd 3+ 、LiGdF4:Eu 3+ 、GdF3:Eu 3+ 、BaF2:Gd 3+ ,Eu 3+ 、LiGdF4:Er 3 + ,Tb 3+ , Zn2SiO4:Mn, Zn3(PO4)2:Mn, Cd3(PO4)2:Mn, Y2O3:Eu, YVO4:Eu, ZnS:Zn, ZnS:Ag, ZnS:Cu,Ag and ZnS:Cu,Al; the organic fluorescent down conversion material includes at least one of BUV 395, AF 350, AF 405, BV421, coumarin and coumarin derivatives; The perovskite material includes at least one of an organic and inorganic mixed perovskite material and an all-inorganic perovskite material; The second material includes at least one of an oxide material, a polymer material and a metal nanomaterial; the oxide material includes ZrO2, Y2O3, Pr6O 11 , TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and CeO2; the polymer material includes at least one of polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate and liquid crystal polymer; the metal nanomaterial includes at least one of gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles.

17. A method for preparing a solar cell module according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method for preparing the solar cell assembly comprises the steps of: Provide solar cells; A first adhesive film layer and a glass plate layer are sequentially formed on the solar cell sheet, and at least one photonic crystal structure layer is formed in at least one of the first adhesive film layer and the glass plate layer and / or on the surface of at least one of the first adhesive film layer and the glass plate layer.

18. The preparation method according to claim 17, characterized in that: The steps of preparing the photonic crystal structure layer specifically include: Mixing the first material and the second material to form a film, and then etching to form a photonic crystal structure layer; or, The first material and the second material are mixed and then formed into a photonic crystal structure layer through precision coating, vacuum coating or self-assembly.

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