Method and device for coloring surface of transparent medium, colored transparent medium and product

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of micro-nano optical processing, and particularly relates to a method and device for coloring the surface of a transparent medium, the colored transparent medium and a product. The method for coloring the surface of the transparent medium comprises the steps that cutting parameters are set, and a periodic micro-nano grating structure is machined on the surface of a metal mold through an elliptical vibration cutting technology; the cutting parameters comprise the cutting speed, the cutting depth and the vibration frequency; the micro-nano grating structure on the surface of the metal mold is copied to the surface of a transparent medium through a copying technology, and the micro-nano grating structure can generate at least one specific color in a spectrum on the surface of the transparent medium under reflected light or transmitted light; by changing the incident light angle and the observation angle, the color of the reflecting surface or the transmitting surface of the transparent medium is adjustable. Controllable non-coating coloring is achieved on the surface of the transparent medium through the method, and a new thought and method are provided for development of micro-nano machining, optical coloring and related fields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of micro-nano optical processing technology, and in particular relates to a method and device for coloring the surface of a transparent medium, and a colored transparent medium and product. Background Art

[0002] Currently, surface micro / nanostructures have been widely studied to enhance their tribological, biological, mechanical and optical properties. Specifically, creating ordered periodic near-subwavelength micro / nanostructures, or structural arrays, on the surface of transparent media is a physical process to control the color and reflectivity of the surface, with a variety of potential applications, such as color marking, display devices, etc. Structural coloring is based on the complex interaction between light waves and surface micro / nanostructures, which has been widely used in nature, such as the color changes of morphological butterflies and the iridescence of peacock feathers. Structural coloring can also be attributed to a series of photonic mechanisms, including plasmon effects and diffraction grating effects. Among them, diffraction grating-induced structural coloring can present a rainbow effect, realizing controllable non-coating coloring on the surface.

[0003] Due to the progress of nanofabrication and characterization technology, many new manufacturing methods have become indispensable processes for improving the performance of structural colors. Currently, the commonly used processing methods mainly include femtosecond laser ablation, electron beam lithography, dual-beam laser interferometry, two-photon polymerization lithography, etc. Among them, the Gaussian energy distribution of the ultrafast beam in femtosecond laser ablation limits the controllability of the cross-sectional profile of the laser-induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS), which inevitably limits the ability of LIPSS to reproduce the color of fine-tuned diffraction structures; electron beam lithography has the disadvantages of high manufacturing cost, low material removal efficiency, and limited processing area; dual-beam laser interferometry has the disadvantages of chaotic material flow and poor surface quality, which makes them unsuitable for large-scale and efficient processing.

[0004] In addition, hard and brittle glass can also be colored by flexible polymers. The most commonly used methods are metal oxide coloring, ion implantation coloring, and surface coating coloring. Among them, the metal oxide coloring method requires the addition of colorants to the glass raw materials, which may affect other physical and chemical properties of the glass, and for some special colors, more expensive colorants may need to be used; the ion implantation method has a relatively long processing time, high cost, and high technical difficulty, requiring high-precision equipment and control technology; the coating structure of the surface coating coloring method is relatively simple, with low processing accuracy and poor durability, and regular maintenance and replacement of the coating are required. In summary, additives are generally used for polymer surface coloring, but the compatibility and stability issues between additives and polymers may result in poor coloring effects or color changes, and some additives may have adverse effects on other properties of the polymer.

[0005] Inspired by the coloring strategies in nature, scientists and engineers have invested a lot of effort in artificially designing and manufacturing structural color materials that actively respond to various stimuli, such as solvents, light, humidity, temperature, magnetic or electric fields, and especially mechanical stress. The mechanical coloring effect can be directly achieved by the change of the ordered nanostructure caused by the deformation of the structural color material. Two techniques are usually used to manufacture structural color materials, namely, photolithography for producing nanostructures and self-assembly methods for creating nanoparticle arrays. However, these methods either require multiple steps and dedicated equipment, resulting in high costs and great difficulties in large-scale manufacturing, or involve weak interactions between adjacent particles or between hard particles and soft elastomers, resulting in a lack of mechanical stability during deformation. Therefore, exploring a simple, low-cost, and scalable technology to manufacture mechanically stable structural color materials remains a huge challenge. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present application is to provide a method, device and colored transparent medium and product for coloring the surface of a transparent medium, by adjusting the cutting parameters to produce a periodic micro-nano grating structure, and by using molding and embossing processes to achieve controllable non-coating coloring on the surface of the transparent medium, by changing the incident light angle and the observation angle, the structural color has a high degree of controllability and diversity, which provides new ideas and methods for the development of micro-nano processing, optical coloring and related fields.

[0007] The present application provides a method for coloring a transparent medium surface, the method comprising:

[0008] Setting cutting parameters, and processing a periodic micro-nano grating structure on the surface of a metal mold using an elliptical vibration cutting process; the cutting parameters include: cutting speed, vibration frequency;

[0009] The micro-nano grating structure on the surface of the metal mold is copied to the surface of the transparent medium by using a replication process, wherein the micro-nano grating structure can generate at least one specific color in the spectrum on the surface of the transparent medium under reflected light or transmitted light;

[0010] By changing the incident light angle and the observation angle, the color of the reflective surface or the transmissive surface of the transparent medium can be adjusted.

[0011] Furthermore, the metal mold is made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy, or hard alloy material that can withstand high stress and high temperature environments.

[0012] Furthermore, during the replication process, the temperature is controlled within a range higher than the softening point of the transparent medium to ensure that the micro-nano grating structure on the surface of the metal mold can be accurately replicated on the surface of the transparent medium without causing deformation or damage to the metal mold.

[0013] Furthermore, the transparent medium includes: a hard and brittle glass material with high light transmittance, and a flexible polymer material;

[0014] Wherein, the hard and brittle glass material includes: silicate glass and borate glass; the flexible polymer material includes: polymethyl methacrylate and polycarbonate.

[0015] Furthermore, the method further comprises:

[0016] Constructing a plurality of pixel points on the surface of the metal mold;

[0017] By controlling the parameters of the micro-nano grating structure of each pixel, an image with rich colors and details is formed on the surface of the metal mold, thereby achieving high-resolution image display on the surface of the transparent medium.

[0018] The present application also provides a colored transparent medium prepared by a method for coloring the surface of a transparent medium, wherein the surface of the colored transparent medium has a periodic micro-nano grating structure, and can generate structural color using the principle of optical diffraction;

[0019] The size, shape and distribution of the micro-nano grating structure are precisely controlled by optimizing mold design and cutting parameters to achieve specific color effects and visual characteristics;

[0020] The structural color also changes according to the adjustment of the incident light angle and the observation angle.

[0021] The present application also provides a device for coloring the surface of a transparent medium, the device comprising:

[0022] Vibration cutting equipment, used to process periodic micro-nano grating structures on the surface of metal molds;

[0023] Molding and embossing equipment, including: a heating system, a pressure system and a control system, used to copy the micro-nano grating structure on the surface of the metal mold to the surface of a transparent medium under set conditions;

[0024] The light source and observation system are used to verify and adjust the coloring effect of the surface of the transparent medium by adjusting the incident light angle and the observation angle.

[0025] Furthermore, the molding and embossing equipment also includes: a temperature monitoring system and a pressure sensor, which are used to monitor and adjust the temperature and pressure parameters during the replication process in real time to ensure the stability and consistency of the replication process.

[0026] The present application also provides a product comprising the colored transparent medium, wherein the product comprises: decorations, decorative devices, optical elements, anti-counterfeiting labels, building materials, and consumer product packaging, wherein the application of the colored transparent medium enhances the visual appeal and added value of the product.

[0027] Furthermore, the color change characteristics of the colored transparent medium are taken into consideration when designing the product, and the colorful effects of the product under different lighting or observation angles are achieved by adjusting the metal mold parameters or observation conditions.

[0028] The method, device, and colored transparent medium and product provided in the present application produce a periodic micro-nano grating structure by adjusting cutting parameters, and use molding and embossing processes to achieve controllable non-coating coloring on the surface of the transparent medium. By changing the incident light angle and observation angle, the structural color has a high degree of controllability and diversity, providing new ideas and methods for the development of micro-nano processing, optical coloring and related fields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 A flow chart showing a method for coloring a transparent medium surface provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the grating diffraction principle provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a machining path of a cutting tool provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a process for replicating a micro-nano grating structure on a metal mold surface to a transparent medium surface by using a replication process provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0033] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a surface micro-nano grating structure provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0034] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the diffraction phenomenon occurring when white light is irradiated on the surface of a colored transparent medium provided by an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the technical solution more clear, the technical solution is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods. It should be understood that these descriptions are only exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the technical solution.

[0036] Embodiment 1

[0037] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 The flowchart of the method for coloring the surface of a transparent medium provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown, and the method comprises:

[0038] S101, setting cutting parameters, and using elliptical vibration cutting technology to machine a periodic micro-nano grating structure on the surface of a metal mold.

[0039] Wherein, the cutting parameters include: cutting speed and vibration frequency.

[0040] S102, using a replication process to replicate the micro-nano grating structure on the surface of the metal mold onto the surface of the transparent medium, wherein the micro-nano grating structure can generate at least one specific color in the spectrum on the surface of the transparent medium under reflected light or transmitted light.

[0041] S103: The color of the reflective surface or the transmissive surface of the transparent medium is made adjustable by changing the incident light angle and the observation angle.

[0042] Embodiment 2: Method for machining a periodic micro-nano grating structure on the surface of a metal mold using an elliptical vibration cutting process:

[0043] Step 201: Calculate the cutting speed required to achieve the coloring effect according to the grating equation and the grating diffraction principle.

[0044] In this step, the grating diffraction principle is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the grating equation is expressed as:

[0045] d(sinθ i +sinθ m )=mλ; (1)

[0046] Where d is the grating spacing, m is an integer of the diffraction order, and θ i and θ m are the incident light irradiation angle and the angle of the m-order diffracted light beam, respectively, and λ is the wavelength of the diffracted light;

[0047] At the same time, the grating spacing is determined by the ratio of the nominal cutting speed to the tool elliptical vibration frequency, that is:

[0048] d=ν / f; (2)

[0049] Where ν is the cutting speed and f is the vibration frequency.

[0050] Combining formula (1) and formula (2), by adjusting the parameters in the formula, the cutting speed corresponding to each pixel can be obtained.

[0051] Step 202: According to the experimental requirements of the required mold, select a metal material that can withstand high stress and high temperature environment, including: stainless steel, aluminum alloy, and hard alloy material.

[0052] Step 203 : pre-treating the selected metal mold, including: cleaning, degreasing, and stress relief annealing.

[0053] Step 204, install the vibration cutting tool on the machine tool, adjust the relative position between the cutting tool and the metal mold, and set the cutting speed, cutting depth, vibration frequency, amplitude, feed rate and other parameters of the vibration cutting machine tool; among which, the cutting speed, cutting depth and vibration frequency are cutting parameters that can be set according to the period and spacing of the target grating structure.

[0054] Step 205: The cutting tool processes the surface of the metal mold under the coupling effect of vibration and cutting motion, and forms partially overlapping tool trajectories by controlling the vibration trajectory and cutting path of the cutting tool, thereby processing a periodic micro-nano grating structure on the surface of the metal mold.

[0055] In this step, the machining path of the cutting tool is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the elliptical vibration cutting trajectory is expressed as:

[0056]

[0057] In the formula, x and z are the displacement of the cutting tool relative to the metal mold in the X and Z directions with time t, Ax and Az are the amplitudes of the elliptical vibration in the X and Z directions, respectively. is the phase difference between the vibration displacements in the X and Z directions.

[0058] Step 206: During the processing, cutting fluid is used for cooling and lubrication in a timely manner to prevent cutting tool wear and thermal deformation of the metal mold.

[0059] Step 207: Clean and polish the processed metal mold to improve the smoothness of the metal mold surface and the clarity of the micro-nano grating structure.

[0060] In this step, care must be taken to avoid over-polishing which may damage the micro-nano grating structure.

[0061] Through the method of the second embodiment, a periodic micro-nano grating structure is successfully processed on the surface of the metal mold. The micro-nano grating structure has a uniform period, appropriate depth and good surface quality, providing a high-quality mold foundation for the subsequent controllable non-coating coloring on the transparent medium surface through a replication process.

[0062] Embodiment 3: A method for replicating the micro-nano grating structure on the surface of a metal mold onto the surface of a transparent medium using a replication process:

[0063] Step 301: Select a transparent medium with high light transmittance as a coloring target material.

[0064] In this step, the transparent medium includes: glass with high light transmittance in the visible light range, such as silicate glass and borate glass, or polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polycarbonate (PC).

[0065] Step 302: Clean and dry the transparent medium to remove dust and moisture on the surface; clean the metal mold to remove oil and impurities on the surface to ensure the clarity and integrity of the micro-nano grating structure.

[0066] Next, we will combine Figure 4 Explain the processing flow of the replication process, Figure 4 The figure shows a processing schematic diagram of replicating the micro-nano grating structure on the surface of a metal mold onto the surface of a transparent medium using a replication process provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0067] Step 303: Place the pre-treated transparent medium on a workbench of a molding and embossing device, and adjust its position on the workbench.

[0068] In this step, the replication process is implemented using molding and embossing equipment. Specifically, the molding and embossing equipment includes a heating system, a pressure system and a control system, which are used to replicate the micro-nano grating structure on the surface of the metal mold to the surface of the transparent medium under set conditions; it also includes a temperature monitoring system and a pressure sensor, which are used to monitor and adjust the temperature and pressure parameters in the replication process in real time to ensure the stability and consistency of the replication process; it also includes a precision positioning device and a mold fixing device, which are used to fine-tune the relative position between the metal mold and the transparent medium to ensure the accuracy of the replication.

[0069] Step 304: fix the metal mold above the molding and embossing equipment, and make the gap between the metal mold and the transparent medium uniform and meet the processing requirements.

[0070] Step 305: prepare a release agent between the metal mold and the transparent medium to prevent adhesion during the replication process.

[0071] Step 306: Set the heating temperature, pressure, and duration according to the material and thickness of the transparent medium, and perform the replication process.

[0072] In this step, under the set heating temperature and pressure, the transparent medium gradually softens so that the micro-nano grating structure on the surface of the metal mold is fully transferred to the surface of the transparent medium. It should be noted here that the temperature is controlled within a range higher than the softening point of the transparent medium to ensure that the micro-nano grating structure on the surface of the metal mold can be accurately copied to the surface of the transparent medium without causing deformation or damage to the metal mold.

[0073] Step 307: After the molding and embossing are completed, the temperature and pressure are rapidly reduced, and the metal mold is carefully removed from the transparent medium to obtain a colored transparent medium.

[0074] In this step, see Figure 5Schematic diagram of the surface micro-nano grating structure shown.

[0075] After obtaining the colored transparent medium, the micro-nano grating structure of the colored transparent medium and the coloring effect of the colored transparent medium are characterized and analyzed by using a detection instrument, specifically:

[0076] The surface of the colored transparent medium is characterized by using an atomic force microscope (AFM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the morphology, size and distribution uniformity of the micro-nano grating structure. The reflection or projection spectrum of the surface of the colored transparent medium is measured by a spectrometer to analyze the structural color generated by the diffraction of the micro-nano grating structure and its relationship with the micro-nano grating structure of the metal mold.

[0077] Through the method of the third embodiment, the micro-nano grating structure on the surface of the metal mold is copied to the surface of the transparent medium by using a replication process. The replicated micro-nano grating structure maintains good morphology and periodicity. This result shows that the molding and embossing process has significant advantages and application potential in the replication of micro-nano grating structures and transparent medium coloring. In addition, this method effectively avoids the problems of shedding and failure in traditional coating technology, and provides a reliable and efficient solution for non-coating coloring of transparent media.

[0078] Example 4: Verification that the color of the reflective surface or the transmissive surface of a transparent medium can be adjusted by changing the cutting parameters, the incident light angle, and the observation angle:

[0079] Step 401: obtaining metal molds with different micro-nano grating structures by changing cutting parameters; the cutting parameters include: cutting depth, cutting speed, and vibration frequency.

[0080] Step 402: for each metal mold, replicate the micro-nano grating structure on the surface of the transparent medium by using a molding and embossing process, and use a microscope to observe the surface of the colored transparent medium to confirm the successful replication of the micro-nano grating structure.

[0081] Step 403: Use a spectrometer to measure the reflection or transmission spectrum of each colored transparent medium surface, observe and record the color change of the colored transparent medium surface, and analyze the influence of the cutting parameters on the coloring effect.

[0082] Step 404, fix the position of the colored transparent medium, change the incident light angle, use a spectrometer to measure and record the reflection or transmission spectra under different incident light angles, observe and record the change in the surface color of the colored transparent medium, so as to analyze the influence of the incident light angle on the coloring effect.

[0083] Step 405: Keep the positions of the light source and the colored transparent medium unchanged, and use a microscope to observe and record the color changes of the surface of the colored transparent medium at different observation angles to analyze the influence of the observation angle on the coloring effect.

[0084] Here, please see Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the diffraction phenomenon that occurs when white light is irradiated on the surface of a colored transparent medium.

[0085] The analysis results show that (1) when adjusting the cutting parameters, the cutting speed and vibration frequency have the most significant effects on the structural color; an increase in cutting speed leads to an increase in the grating spacing, which in turn changes the diffraction effect and causes the color to shift; changes in the vibration frequency affect the periodicity and uniformity of the grating, which in turn affects the surface color.

[0086] (2) Changes in the incident light angle significantly affect the color performance of the colored transparent medium surface. As the incident angle increases, the reflection or transmission spectrum shifts and the color changes accordingly. This phenomenon verifies the key role of the grating diffraction principle in the generation of structural color.

[0087] (3) Changes in viewing angle also lead to changes in the color of the surface of the colored transparent medium. This is due to the anisotropy of the micro-nano grating structure and the relative relationship between the observer's viewing angle and the grating direction. This discovery further demonstrates the diversity and controllability of structural colors.

[0088] This example successfully verified the feasibility and effectiveness of controllable non-coating coloring on the surface of transparent media by adjusting cutting parameters, incident light angle and observation angle. The experimental results show that this method can not only produce rich structural colors on a variety of transparent media, but also has a high degree of controllability and diversity. This discovery provides new ideas and methods for the development of micro-nano processing, optical coloring and related fields.

[0089] The above contents are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, many changes can be made in the specific implementation methods and application scopes based on the ideas of the present technical content. As long as these changes do not deviate from the concept of the present invention, they all fall within the scope of protection of this patent.

Claims

1. A method for coloring a transparent medium surface, characterized in that: The method comprises: Setting cutting parameters, and processing a periodic micro-nano grating structure on the surface of a metal mold using an elliptical vibration cutting process; the cutting parameters include: cutting speed, vibration frequency; The micro-nano grating structure on the surface of the metal mold is copied to the surface of the transparent medium by using a replication process, wherein the micro-nano grating structure can generate at least one specific color in the spectrum on the surface of the transparent medium under reflected light or transmitted light; By changing the incident light angle and the observation angle, the color of the reflective surface or the transmissive surface of the transparent medium can be adjusted.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The metal mold is made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy, or hard alloy material that can withstand high stress and high temperature environments.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that During the replication process, the temperature is controlled within a range higher than the softening point of the transparent medium to ensure that the micro-nano grating structure on the surface of the metal mold can be accurately replicated on the surface of the transparent medium without causing deformation or damage to the metal mold.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The transparent medium includes: a hard and brittle glass material with high light transmittance, and a flexible polymer material; Wherein, the hard and brittle glass material includes: silicate glass and borate glass; the flexible polymer material includes: polymethyl methacrylate and polycarbonate.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further comprises: Constructing a plurality of pixel points on the surface of the metal mold; By controlling the parameters of the micro-nano grating structure of each pixel, an image with rich colors and details is formed on the surface of the metal mold, thereby achieving high-resolution image display on the surface of the transparent medium.

6. A colored transparent medium obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The surface of the colored transparent medium has a periodic micro-nano grating structure, which can produce structural color by using the principle of optical diffraction; The size, shape and distribution of the micro-nano grating structure are precisely controlled by optimizing mold design and cutting parameters to achieve specific color effects and visual characteristics; The structural color also changes according to the adjustment of the incident light angle and the observation angle.

7. A device for coloring the surface of a transparent medium, characterized in that: The device comprises: Vibration cutting equipment, used to process periodic micro-nano grating structures on the surface of metal molds; Molding and embossing equipment, including: a heating system, a pressure system and a control system, used to copy the micro-nano grating structure on the surface of the metal mold to the surface of a transparent medium under set conditions; The light source and observation system are used to verify and adjust the coloring effect of the surface of the transparent medium by adjusting the incident light angle and the observation angle.

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that The molding and embossing equipment also includes: a temperature monitoring system and a pressure sensor, which are used to monitor and adjust the temperature and pressure parameters during the replication process in real time to ensure the stability and consistency of the replication process.

9. A product comprising the colored transparent medium according to claim 6, the product comprising: Ornaments, decorative devices, optical elements, anti-counterfeiting labels, building materials, consumer product packaging, wherein the application of colored transparent media enhances the visual appeal and added value of the products.

10. The product according to claim 9, characterized in that The color change characteristics of the colored transparent medium are taken into consideration when designing the product, and the colorful effects of the product under different lighting or observation angles are achieved by adjusting metal mold parameters or observation conditions.

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