Cement kiln tail gas monitoring system for waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental pollution treatment, and particularly discloses a cement kiln tail gas monitoring system for waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater, which is used for solving the problem that operation variables in a multi-stage spraying absorption bed are not adjusted by monitoring key data in the disclosure. The system comprises a tail gas introduction unit, a multi-stage spraying absorption bed, a wastewater treatment unit, a monitoring unit, an analysis unit, a control unit and a sedimentation tank, and the tail gas introduction unit comprises a cement kiln tail gas pipeline and an induced draft fan; four analysis formulas are provided in the analysis unit to carry out quantitative analysis on the data collected by the monitoring unit, and the control unit is used for formulating a parameter regulation and control strategy according to the data transmitted by the monitoring unit; the cement kiln tail gas is used for treating the waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater, the wastewater salinity and CO2 emission are reduced through cooperation of the multiple stages of spraying absorption beds, the environmental protection efficiency is improved, and the monitoring unit and the control unit adjust operation variables in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of environmental pollution control, and more specifically, to a cement kiln tail gas monitoring system for wastewater washing of fly ash from garbage incineration. Background Art

[0002] With the development of cities, the amount of domestic waste generated has increased dramatically. The fly ash produced by waste incineration has a high chlorate content and contains a large amount of organic pollutants and trace heavy metals. It is classified as hazardous waste, and its treatment has become an important environmental issue. The main elements in fly ash are the same as those in silicate cement clinker. Cement kilns use fly ash from the incineration of domestic waste to replace high-quality limestone to burn cement clinker. It is the best choice to achieve fly ash reduction, resource utilization, and harmless disposal. At the same time, there are a large number of soluble salts in fly ash. These salts melt at high temperatures to form a liquid phase, which interacts with other materials in the kiln, causing corrosion and damage to the materials in the kiln, affecting the fire resistance and service life of the cement kiln. It is necessary to pre-treat the fly ash from waste incineration by washing. However, during the fly ash washing process, a small amount of heavy metal ions will also dissolve in the washing liquid. If the washing liquid is not effectively treated, it will harm the environment. The traditional method is to separate part of the exhaust gas from the cement kiln exhaust pipe, pass part of the exhaust gas into the multi-stage spray absorption bed through the induced draft fan, and at the same time pump the water-washed fly ash wastewater into the multi-stage spray absorption bed through a water pump, so that the wastewater and exhaust gas are fully mixed here, and finally collect the aqueous solution after absorption treatment into a sedimentation tank to form a precipitate, so that the supernatant can meet the needs of the lower process and be recycled. It can effectively solve the problems of high cost of using reagents in the treatment of fly ash water-washing wastewater and high sodium salt in the treated wastewater, reduce the introduction of sodium ions, reduce the salt content in the water and the emission of CO2, and effectively reduce the concentration of alkaline earth metals and heavy metal ions in the fly ash water-washing wastewater. However, in this invention, the operating variables in the multi-stage spray absorption bed are not adjusted by monitoring key data, and the contact efficiency between wastewater and exhaust gas and the absorption efficiency of CO2 cannot be ensured. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a cement kiln exhaust gas monitoring system for waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater. By utilizing cement kiln exhaust gas to treat the waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater monitoring system, the monitoring and control unit are linked to monitor and adjust the operating variables in real time, thereby improving the processing efficiency, system stability and economic benefits, while reducing operational risks and maintenance requirements.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A cement kiln tail gas monitoring system for waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater, comprising a tail gas introduction unit, a multi-stage spray absorption bed, a wastewater treatment unit, a monitoring unit, an analysis unit, a control unit and a sedimentation tank, wherein the tail gas introduction unit comprises a cement kiln tail gas pipeline and an induced draft fan, the induced draft fan guides the cement kiln tail gas from the cement kiln through the cement kiln tail gas pipeline, and introduces the guided cement kiln tail gas into the multi-stage spray absorption bed through the induced draft fan, the multi-stage spray absorption bed is a horizontal structure, and a guide plate and a multi-stage spray water distribution system are arranged inside, the multi-stage spray water distribution system mixes the cement kiln tail gas with the waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater gas-liquid by multi-stage spraying, the wastewater treatment unit comprises a wastewater pump and a circulation pump, the wastewater pump is used to send the waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater to the cement kiln, and the wastewater treatment unit comprises a wastewater pump and a circulation pump, and ... The multi-stage spray absorption bed is entered, the circulation pump is used to circulate the supernatant in the multi-stage spray absorption bed back to the multi-stage spray system, the monitoring unit is used to monitor and collect the wastewater pump flow, the water-cement ratio of the washed fly ash wastewater, the circulation pump flow, the sediment formation rate, the tail gas flow, the exhaust gas flow, the CO2 concentration in the gas after absorption treatment, the inlet temperature, the inlet humidity, the wastewater pH, the multi-stage spray absorption bed liquid volume, the multi-stage spray absorption bed liquid concentration, the wastewater suspended solids concentration in the sedimentation tank, the analysis unit is used to quantitatively analyze the data collected by the monitoring unit according to a preset formula, the control unit is used to formulate a parameter control strategy according to the data transmitted by the monitoring unit, and the sedimentation tank is used to treat the wastewater treated by the multi-stage spray absorption bed and remove suspended solids.

[0006] As a further solution of the present invention, the monitoring unit includes a wastewater flow meter, an online water-cement ratio analyzer, a circulating water flow meter, an automatic sedimentation rate monitor, an exhaust gas mass flow meter, an exhaust flow meter, an infrared gas analyzer, a temperature and humidity sensor, an online pH meter, a spray water flow meter, an online density meter, and a suspended solids measuring instrument.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention, a wastewater flow meter is installed on the outlet pipe of the wastewater pump to directly measure the wastewater flow entering the multi-stage spray absorption bed; a water-cement ratio online analyzer is installed at the inlet of the wastewater treatment unit, after the outlet of the wastewater pump, to monitor the water-cement ratio of the wastewater entering the absorption bed in real time; a circulating water flow meter is installed on the outlet pipe of the circulating pump to measure the flow circulating back to the multi-stage spray water distribution system; an automatic sedimentation rate monitor is placed in the sedimentation tank to monitor the rate and efficiency of sediment formation; an exhaust gas mass flow meter is installed in the exhaust gas introduction unit, specifically before the connection between the cement kiln exhaust gas pipeline and the multi-stage spray absorption bed, to monitor the exhaust gas flow entering the absorption bed; an exhaust gas flow meter is installed at the outlet of the multi-stage spray absorption bed to measure the exhaust gas flow rate of the treatment unit. The infrared gas analyzer is installed on the outlet pipe of the multi-stage spray absorption bed, close to the exhaust flow meter, to analyze the concentration of CO2 in the treated gas; the temperature and humidity sensor is installed in the air inlet pipe of the multi-stage spray absorption bed to measure the temperature and humidity of the exhaust gas entering the absorption bed; the online pH meter is installed at the inlet and outlet of the multi-stage spray absorption bed to monitor the change of the pH value of the wastewater; the spray water distribution flowmeter is installed on the main water supply pipe of the spray system to monitor the water flow in the multi-stage spray water distribution system; the online density meter is installed at the outlet of the multi-stage spray absorption bed to measure the density and concentration of the spray liquid; the suspended solids meter is installed on the outlet pipe of the sedimentation tank to monitor the content of suspended solids in the treated wastewater.

[0008] As a further scheme of the present invention, the multi-stage spray absorption bed is connected to the exhaust gas introduction unit, the wastewater treatment unit, the monitoring unit, and the sedimentation tank; the monitoring unit is connected to the sedimentation tank and the analysis unit; the analysis unit is connected to the control unit; and the control unit is connected to the exhaust gas introduction unit, the multi-stage spray absorption bed, the wastewater treatment unit, and the sedimentation tank.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention, in the analysis unit, preset formulas include wastewater treatment and mixing efficiency analysis formula, tail gas treatment efficiency and environmental adaptability analysis formula, pH adjustment and mixing effect analysis formula, and comprehensive effect analysis formula.

[0010] In order to comprehensively evaluate the efficiency of multi-stage spray absorption bed in treating cement kiln tail gas and waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater, three mathematical functions are combined, each of which is used to represent the impact of a key dynamic variable in the system on the overall mixing efficiency. The sine function is used to describe the effect of periodic changes and to simulate the periodic effect of water-cement ratio on mixing efficiency. As the water-cement ratio increases, the mixing efficiency will experience a change that first increases and then decreases, and can capture the optimal or worst efficiency at certain specific water-cement ratio levels. The hyperbolic cosine function is used to describe the nonlinear enhancement effect of variable changes on the output. In terms of the circulating pump flow rate, whether the flow rate increases or decreases, its impact on the mixing efficiency will increase as the flow rate deviates from the standard value, because the circulating flow rate has a significant impact on the gas-liquid contact time and effect. Too high or too low flow rates will lead to changes in mixing efficiency. The logarithmic function is used to describe the incremental effect of an increase in a variable on another variable. This effect is more significant in the initial stage and gradually stabilizes as the base number increases. In this formula, the increase in the sediment formation rate initially significantly improves the mixing efficiency, but as the amount of sediment increases further, its contribution to the efficiency gradually stabilizes. This formula achieves a comprehensive evaluation of wastewater treatment and mixing efficiency by combining three mathematical functions. It not only considers the direct effects of flow rate and water-cement ratio, but also the indirect effects of changes in these parameters on sedimentation efficiency. In this way, the formula can provide a comprehensive perspective to analyze and optimize the operating efficiency of the spray absorption bed, thereby providing data support for the control unit and achieving more effective environmental management and resource utilization.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention, in the analysis unit, the wastewater treatment and mixing efficiency analysis formula uses a sine function to describe the effect of the periodic change of the water-cement ratio on the mixing efficiency, uses a hyperbolic cosine function to describe the nonlinear enhancement effect of the circulation pump flow on the mixing efficiency, and uses a logarithmic function to measure the incremental contribution of the sediment formation rate to the system efficiency. The wastewater treatment mixing efficiency analysis formula is:

[0012]

[0013] Where: E mix is the wastewater treatment and mixing efficiency analysis value, R water:ash is the water-cement ratio, Q water is the wastewater pump flow rate, Q recycle is the circulation pump flow rate, Q norm is the standard flow value, used to standardize Q recycle , R sediment is the precipitate formation rate.

[0014] The exhaust gas treatment efficiency and environmental adaptability analysis formula uses three different mathematical functions, each of which is targeted at different physical or chemical processes, reflecting the influence of key parameters in the exhaust gas treatment system, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of system performance, and considering the influence of different environmental factors on the exhaust gas treatment efficiency. The inverse tangent function is used to describe the nonlinear relationship between CO2 concentration and exhaust gas flow ratio and its influence on the exhaust gas treatment efficiency. This relationship is nonlinear. When the CO2 concentration is very high or very low relative to the flow rate, the change in efficiency tends to be gentle, and the change is most sensitive at the intermediate value. The inverse tangent function provides a smooth and bounded way to capture this relationship, so that the efficiency evaluation will not increase or decrease infinitely under extreme conditions. The square root function is used to describe the direct effect of exhaust gas flow on exhaust gas treatment efficiency. In many chemical and physical processes, the efficiency is proportional to the square root of the flow rate, because the increase in flow rate usually has a decreasing marginal effect on the improvement of efficiency. The use of the square root function can reasonably simulate the effect of increased flow rate on the treatment efficiency, especially when the flow rate is large, the increase in this effect is not linear. The exponential decay function is used to describe the decay effect of temperature on gas treatment efficiency. As the temperature increases, the efficiency of certain chemical reactions decreases, especially those processes that rely on lower temperatures to maintain chemical equilibrium. The exponential decay function provides an effective way to simulate the decrease in efficiency caused by increasing temperature, especially when dealing with systems that require temperature control to optimize reaction efficiency. This composite function design method allows the system to more accurately adjust and control the exhaust gas treatment process, ensuring that the exhaust gas treatment efficiency is maximized under different operating conditions and adapting to environmental changes.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention, in the analysis unit, the exhaust gas treatment efficiency and environmental adaptability analysis formula reflects the nonlinear relationship between CO2 concentration and exhaust gas flow ratio and its influence on exhaust gas treatment efficiency through the inverse tangent function, describes the direct influence of exhaust gas flow on exhaust gas treatment efficiency through the square root function, and describes the attenuation effect of temperature on gas treatment efficiency through the exponential decay function. The exhaust gas treatment efficiency and environmental adaptability analysis formula is:

[0016]

[0017] Where: E gas is the exhaust gas treatment efficiency and environmental adaptability analysis value, Q is the CO2 concentration in the gas after absorption treatment, gas is the exhaust gas flow rate, Q exhaust is the exhaust gas flow rate, T is the intake temperature, and α is the attenuation control factor, which is set according to actual needs.

[0018] The pH adjustment and mixing effect analysis formula is designed to accurately evaluate the role of pH control and adjustment in treating wastewater, and how these control measures affect the mixing effect of the entire spray absorption bed. The choice of each mathematical function in the formula is intended to accurately reflect the specific effects and interactions of the relevant variables. The hyperbolic sine function is used to describe the nonlinear effect of pH deviation from the neutral value (pH = 7). This function form captures the sensitivity of the pH value to the system when it deviates from the neutral point, especially when it is far away from the neutral point. The response of the system will be more drastic, which helps to emphasize the importance of controlling pH within the ideal range. The cosine function is the concentration of dissolved and suspended solids in the spray liquid in the multi-stage circulating spray absorption bed. The cosine function is used to represent the effect of the periodic change of the spray liquid concentration on the control effect. The periodicity of the cosine function can simulate the efficiency fluctuations caused by the periodic change of concentration in the chemical treatment process, helping to identify the optimal or worst effect of a specific concentration value on pH control. The cube root function is the amount of spray liquid in the multi-stage circulating spray absorption bed, which is used to represent the effect of the amount of spray liquid. By using the cube root, it is ensured that the effect of the amount of spray liquid on the pH control efficiency will not increase linearly when the amount of spray liquid is increased, but the growth rate will gradually decrease, reflecting the diminishing marginal effect of increasing the amount of spray liquid on the efficiency improvement in actual engineering applications. The square root function is the suspended solids content of wastewater in the sedimentation tank, which is used to describe the inhibitory effect of the suspended solids content on the pH control efficiency. This shows that as the suspended solids content increases, its negative impact on the pH control efficiency increases, but the growth rate will gradually slow down due to the characteristics of the square root function, which can appropriately reflect the treatment burden caused by excessive suspended solids content in the actual treatment process. The combined use of these functions can not only analyze the treatment efficiency more comprehensively, but also provide more accurate data support and decision-making basis when designing and adjusting process parameters.

[0019] As a further solution of the present invention, in the analysis unit, the pH adjustment and mixing effect analysis formula uses a hyperbolic sine function to describe the nonlinear effect of pH deviation from the neutral value, uses a cosine function to represent the effect of the periodic change of the spray liquid concentration on the control effect, and uses a cube root function and a square root function to represent the effect of the spray liquid volume and the inhibitory effect of the suspended matter content on the pH control efficiency, respectively. The pH adjustment and mixing effect analysis formula is:

[0020]

[0021] E PH pH adjustment and mixing effect analysis value, PH fw is the pH of wastewater, C spray is the concentration of dissolved and suspended solids in the spray liquid in the multi-stage circulating spray absorption bed, V spray is the amount of spray liquid in the multi-stage circulating spray absorption bed, S sed It is the suspended solids content of wastewater in the sedimentation tank.

[0022] The comprehensive effect analysis formula uses Chebyshev polynomials to integrate the three key analysis values ​​of wastewater treatment and mixing efficiency, tail gas treatment efficiency and environmental adaptability, and pH adjustment and mixing effect into a single evaluation index, providing a comprehensive system performance evaluation that captures the interdependence and comprehensive effects of different operating parameters. Incorporating a comprehensive index to reflect the performance of each treatment unit in the system and their combined impact on the overall system performance is particularly important for system regulation and optimization because it provides a unified performance measurement standard. Chebyshev polynomials are widely used in approximation theory and are particularly suitable for approximating complex functions within an interval. In this formula, Chebyshev polynomials are selected to process and smooth the average of the three analysis values ​​to effectively balance the contribution of each subsystem to the overall performance. At the same time, the order of the polynomial can be controlled to adjust the degree of smoothing and adaptability, which helps to adjust the sensitivity and responsiveness of the analysis and better adapt to different operating conditions and environmental changes. It is particularly important when dealing with complex industrial applications because it allows the response strategy to be adjusted based on real-time data and experience, which is essential for maximizing system efficiency and maintaining environmental compliance.

[0023] As a further solution of the present invention, in the analysis unit, the comprehensive effect analysis formula uses Chebyshev polynomials to integrate and analyze the wastewater treatment and mixing efficiency analysis value, the tail gas treatment efficiency and environmental adaptability analysis value, and the pH adjustment and mixing effect analysis value, and integrates these three indicators into a single evaluation indicator to evaluate the performance of the entire system. The comprehensive effect analysis formula is:

[0024]

[0025] Where: E total is the comprehensive effect analysis value, n is the order of the selected Chebyshev polynomial, and is selected according to the smoothness and adaptability expected to be achieved in the comprehensive effect analysis formula of the above three indicators, T n is the nth order Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the technical effects and advantages of the present invention are as follows: the present invention uses cement kiln tail gas to treat waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater, effectively realizing the coordinated treatment of waste gas and wastewater. Compared with the traditional method, the system not only reduces the cost of using chemical agents for treating fly ash washing wastewater, but also reduces the content of sodium ions in the water, thereby effectively reducing the salinity of the wastewater and reducing the risk of secondary pollution. The multi-stage spray absorption bed design fully mixes the tail gas with the washing fly ash wastewater, which not only helps to reduce the CO2 emission in the tail gas, but also reduces the environmental burden on CO2 through the chemical absorption process. Compared with the traditional tail gas treatment technology, it is more efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0027] The monitoring unit and the control unit work together so that the operating variables of the entire treatment process can be monitored in real time and adjusted according to data feedback, ensuring the treatment efficiency and stable operation of the system, while also reducing errors in human operation and management costs. By real-time monitoring of key treatment parameters and automatic adjustment, the reliability and continuity of operations are improved, which helps maintain system performance, reduce unexpected downtime and maintenance needs, thereby improving economic benefits and the service life of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a system block diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the present invention. Obviously, the described technical solutions are only part of the present invention, not all of it. Based on the content of the present invention, all other technical solutions obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention proposes a cement kiln tail gas monitoring system for waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater, comprising a tail gas introduction unit, a multi-stage spray absorption bed, a wastewater treatment unit, a monitoring unit, an analysis unit, a control unit and a sedimentation tank, wherein the tail gas introduction unit comprises a cement kiln tail gas pipeline and an induced draft fan, the induced draft fan guides the cement kiln tail gas from the cement kiln through the cement kiln tail gas pipeline, and introduces the guided cement kiln tail gas into the multi-stage spray absorption bed through the induced draft fan, the multi-stage spray absorption bed is a horizontal structure, and a guide plate and a multi-stage spray water distribution system are arranged inside, the multi-stage spray water distribution system mixes the cement kiln tail gas with the waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater by multi-stage spraying, the wastewater treatment unit comprises a wastewater pump and a circulation pump, the wastewater pump is used to transfer the waste incineration fly ash The washing wastewater is sent to the multi-stage spray absorption bed, and the circulating pump is used to circulate the supernatant in the multi-stage spray absorption bed back to the multi-stage spray system. The monitoring unit is used to monitor and collect the wastewater pump flow, the water-ash ratio of the washing fly ash wastewater, the circulating pump flow, the sediment formation rate, the tail gas flow, the exhaust gas flow, the CO2 concentration in the gas after absorption treatment, the intake temperature, the intake humidity, the wastewater pH, the multi-stage spray absorption bed liquid volume, the multi-stage spray absorption bed liquid concentration, and the wastewater suspended solids concentration in the sedimentation tank in real time. The analysis unit is used to quantitatively analyze the data collected by the monitoring unit according to a preset formula. The control unit is used to formulate a parameter control strategy according to the data transmitted by the monitoring unit. The sedimentation tank is used to treat the wastewater treated by the multi-stage spray absorption bed and remove suspended solids.

[0031] By utilizing cement kiln tail gas to treat waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater, the coordinated treatment of waste gas and wastewater is effectively achieved. Compared with traditional methods, the system not only reduces the cost of using chemical agents for treating fly ash washing wastewater, but also reduces the sodium ion content in the water, thereby effectively reducing the salinity of the wastewater and reducing the risk of secondary pollution. The multi-stage spray absorption bed design fully mixes the tail gas with the washed fly ash wastewater, which not only helps to reduce the CO2 emissions in the tail gas, but also reduces the environmental burden of CO2 through the chemical absorption process. Compared with traditional tail gas treatment technology, it is more efficient and environmentally friendly; the monitoring unit and the control unit work together, so that the operating variables of the entire treatment process can be monitored in real time and adjusted according to data feedback, ensuring the treatment efficiency and stable operation of the system, while also reducing errors and management costs caused by manual operations. By real-time monitoring of key treatment parameters and automatic adjustment, the reliability and sustainability of operations are improved, which helps to maintain system performance, reduce unexpected downtime and maintenance requirements, thereby improving economic benefits and the service life of the system.

[0032] It should be noted that the monitoring unit includes a wastewater flow meter, an online water-cement ratio analyzer, a circulating water flow meter, an automatic sedimentation rate monitor, an exhaust gas mass flow meter, an exhaust flow meter, an infrared gas analyzer, a temperature and humidity sensor, an online pH meter, a spray water distribution flow meter, an online density meter, and a suspended solids meter. The wastewater flow meter is installed on the outlet pipe of the wastewater pump to directly measure the wastewater flow entering the multi-stage spray absorption bed; the online water-cement ratio analyzer is installed at the inlet of the wastewater treatment unit, after the outlet of the wastewater pump, to monitor the water-cement ratio of the wastewater entering the absorption bed in real time; the circulating water flow meter is installed on the outlet pipe of the circulating pump to measure the flow circulating back to the multi-stage spray water distribution system; the automatic sedimentation rate monitor is placed in the sedimentation tank to monitor the rate and efficiency of sediment formation; the exhaust gas mass flow meter is installed in the exhaust gas introduction unit, specifically before the connection between the cement kiln exhaust gas pipeline and the multi-stage spray absorption bed, to monitor the exhaust gas flow entering the absorption bed; the exhaust gas flow meter is installed at the outlet of the multi-stage spray absorption bed to measure the exhaust gas after treatment. The infrared gas analyzer is installed on the outlet pipe of the multi-stage spray absorption bed, close to the exhaust flow meter, to analyze the concentration of CO2 in the treated gas; the temperature and humidity sensor is installed in the air inlet pipe of the multi-stage spray absorption bed to measure the temperature and humidity of the exhaust gas entering the absorption bed; the online pH meter is installed at the inlet and outlet of the multi-stage spray absorption bed to monitor the changes in the pH value of the wastewater; the spray water distribution flowmeter is installed on the main water supply pipe of the spray system to monitor the water flow in the multi-stage spray water distribution system; the online density meter is installed at the outlet of the multi-stage spray absorption bed to measure the density and concentration of the spray liquid; the suspended solids meter is installed on the outlet pipe of the sedimentation tank to monitor the content of suspended solids in the treated wastewater.

[0033] It should be noted that the multi-stage spray absorption bed is connected to the exhaust gas introduction unit, the wastewater treatment unit, the monitoring unit, and the sedimentation tank; the monitoring unit is connected to the sedimentation tank and the analysis unit; the analysis unit is connected to the control unit; and the control unit is connected to the exhaust gas introduction unit, the multi-stage spray absorption bed, the wastewater treatment unit, and the sedimentation tank.

[0034] It should be noted that in the analysis unit, the preset formulas include wastewater treatment and mixing efficiency analysis formula, tail gas treatment efficiency and environmental adaptability analysis formula, pH adjustment and mixing effect analysis formula, and comprehensive effect analysis formula.

[0035] It should be noted that in the analysis unit, the wastewater treatment and mixing efficiency analysis formula uses a sine function to describe the effect of the periodic change of the water-cement ratio on the mixing efficiency, a hyperbolic cosine function to describe the nonlinear enhancement effect of the circulating pump flow on the mixing efficiency, and a logarithmic function to measure the incremental contribution of the sediment formation rate to the system efficiency. The wastewater treatment mixing efficiency analysis formula is:

[0036]

[0037] Where: E mix is the wastewater treatment and mixing efficiency analysis value, R water:ash is the water-cement ratio, Q water is the wastewater pump flow rate, Q recycle is the circulation pump flow rate, Q norm is the standard flow value, used to standardize Q recycle , R sediment is the precipitate formation rate.

[0038] Using the sine function sin(π·R w a ter：ash ) to describe the effect of periodic changes in the water-cement ratio on mixing efficiency, allowing the system to predict and adjust the optimal effect on mixing efficiency when the water-cement ratio changes, especially to reach the peak or valley of the mixing effect at a specific ratio point. Hyperbolic cosine function The nonlinear enhancement effect of the circulating pump flow rate on the mixing efficiency is described, and the complex influence of flow rate increase and decrease on the efficiency is effectively handled to ensure that the mixing efficiency can still be maintained in a relatively good state when the flow rate changes greatly. sediment ) is used to measure the incremental contribution of sediment formation rate to system efficiency, providing the impact of the sedimentation process on the overall treatment efficiency and helping to optimize the sedimentation process to support higher resource recovery and lower pollutant emissions. normBased on the optimal operating conditions preset during system design, this parameter is determined based on historical data, simulation results or preliminary test operations. The purpose is to ensure that the system can achieve the ideal treatment effect at this flow rate. In the initial operation stage of the system, the treatment efficiency at different flow rates is determined through experiments, and the flow point with the highest efficiency is found as Q norm With the continuous monitoring and evaluation of system operation, Q norm Dynamic adjustments are made based on data feedback from actual operations to adapt to factors such as changes in operating conditions or system equipment losses.

[0039] It should be noted that in the analysis unit, the exhaust gas treatment efficiency and environmental adaptability analysis formula reflects the nonlinear relationship between CO2 concentration and exhaust gas flow ratio and its influence on exhaust gas treatment efficiency through the inverse tangent function, describes the direct influence of exhaust gas flow on exhaust gas treatment efficiency through the square root function, and describes the attenuation effect of temperature on gas treatment efficiency through the exponential decay function. The exhaust gas treatment efficiency and environmental adaptability analysis formula is:

[0040]

[0041] Where: E gas is the exhaust gas treatment efficiency and environmental adaptability analysis value, Q is the CO2 concentration in the gas after absorption treatment, gas is the exhaust gas flow rate, Q exhaust is the exhaust gas flow rate, T is the intake temperature, and α is the attenuation control factor, which is set according to actual needs.

[0042] Inverse tangent function It is used to describe the nonlinear relationship between CO2 concentration and exhaust flow ratio and its effect on exhaust treatment efficiency. It allows the efficiency to change smoothly when the CO2 concentration is high or low, while the efficiency change is most sensitive at the intermediate ratio. This nonlinear relationship helps to stabilize the performance of the system under different operating conditions, and is particularly suitable for processing changing input conditions (different exhaust gas composition and flow). Square root function Describes the direct effect of exhaust gas flow on exhaust gas treatment efficiency, reflecting the relationship between treatment capacity and emissions. The rate of efficiency improvement decreases with increasing flow, which helps to avoid excessive increase in efficiency at high flow. It is particularly important for systems that need to adjust emissions to meet environmental standards. -αTUsed to describe the effect of temperature on gas treatment efficiency. As temperature increases, the efficiency of certain chemical absorption processes decreases. This function helps simulate and predict this temperature effect and is suitable for environments where temperature fluctuations affect treatment performance (open-air operations or areas with significant seasonal changes). The attenuation control factor α is determined based on experimental or historical operating data. The actual effect of temperature on efficiency is evaluated by testing the performance of the system at different temperatures. Chemical kinetic models or physical models are used to predict the effect of temperature changes on reaction rates, thereby deriving α. In the early stages of system operation, α is adjusted based on the actual observed temperature effects to ensure that the model's predictions match the actual operating performance. During continuous operation, α is adjusted based on system performance feedback to optimize the treatment process to cope with changing environmental conditions.

[0043] It should be noted that in the analysis unit, the pH adjustment and mixing effect analysis formula uses the hyperbolic sine function to describe the nonlinear effect of pH deviation from the neutral value, uses the cosine function to represent the effect of the periodic change of the spray liquid concentration on the control effect, and uses the cube root function and the square root function to represent the effect of the spray liquid volume and the inhibitory effect of the suspended matter content on the pH control efficiency, respectively. The pH adjustment and mixing effect analysis formula is:

[0044]

[0045] E PH pH adjustment and mixing effect analysis value, PH fw is the pH of wastewater, C spray is the concentration of dissolved and suspended solids in the spray liquid in the multi-stage circulating spray absorption bed, V spray is the amount of spray liquid in the multi-stage circulating spray absorption bed, S sed It is the suspended solids content of wastewater in the sedimentation tank.

[0046] Hyperbolic sine function sinh(PH fw -7) is used to describe the nonlinear effect of pH value deviating from the neutral value, so that the system can accurately control the pH value and provide more sensitive adjustments when approaching the neutral pH to cope with the key effect of pH on the treatment effect. It is particularly important in ensuring the optimal efficiency and minimum material consumption in the chemical treatment process. spray ) captures the periodic changes in the spray liquid concentration and its impact on the pH control effect. This function can help identify which points in the spray liquid concentration change cycle have the best or worst control effect, so as to adjust the recipe or process to optimize the treatment effect. Sum square root function They are used to evaluate the effects of the amount of spray liquid and the content of suspended solids on the efficiency of pH control, respectively, ensuring that when the amount of spray liquid or the content of suspended solids increases, their contribution to the pH control efficiency increases according to a nonlinear law, avoiding overreaction, while effectively balancing the treatment cost and effect. These features combined provide the system with a highly flexible and responsive operating mode, especially when it is necessary to carefully adjust the chemical treatment conditions to cope with fluctuations in the quality of incoming wastewater or changes in treatment objectives. In addition, by accurately controlling the pH value and adapting to changes in the spray liquid, the excessive use of chemicals in the treatment process can be effectively reduced, operating costs can be reduced, and environmental risks that may be caused by improper pH control can be reduced. At the same time, this control strategy improves the reliability and stability of the entire treatment system, extends equipment life, and reduces maintenance requirements.

[0047] It should be noted that in the analysis unit, the comprehensive effect analysis formula uses Chebyshev polynomials to integrate the analysis values ​​of wastewater treatment and mixing efficiency, exhaust gas treatment efficiency and environmental adaptability, and pH adjustment and mixing effect, and integrates these three indicators into a single evaluation indicator to evaluate the performance of the entire system. The comprehensive effect analysis formula is:

[0048]

[0049] Where: E total is the comprehensive effect analysis value, n is the order of the selected Chebyshev polynomial, and is selected according to the smoothness and adaptability expected to be achieved in the comprehensive effect analysis formula of the above three indicators, T n is the nth order Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind.

[0050] The first type of Chebyshev polynomials has orthogonality in the interval [-1,1] and is used to generate uncorrelated feature sets, which is necessary to ensure that each analysis indicator (E mix 、E gas 、E PH) is beneficial to contribute independently in the comprehensive analysis. The first kind of Chebyshev polynomial minimizes oscillations within a defined interval, which helps avoid introducing unnecessary fluctuations in the comprehensive effect analysis, thereby providing smoother output results. In numerical computing, Chebyshev polynomials are widely used due to their approximate properties and stability, especially when dealing with environmental data with extreme values ​​or outliers. The choice of the order of Chebyshev polynomials depends on the system's requirements for smoothness and adaptability. High-order polynomials provide more complex models that can capture data changes more accurately, but there is overfitting, resulting in reduced generalization ability; low-order polynomial models are simple and have strong generalization ability, but cannot capture all important data features. The determination of the order will be completed through data analysis, and the model order that performs best in cross-validation will be selected by fitting tests on historical data. The most appropriate order is selected by minimizing the prediction error or optimizing the information criterion. In the initial operation stage of the system, the order needs to be adjusted according to the effects observed in actual operation. Experimentally increase or decrease the order, observe the response and stability of the system, and then select the optimal model complexity. The choice of order also needs to consider the limitation of computing resources and the requirement of processing speed. In real-time systems that require fast response, low-order polynomials are preferred to reduce the computational burden.

[0051] The control unit calculates the E total The system can be adjusted based on real-time data to maintain optimal operating conditions. min 、E gas 、E PH , the control unit identifies potential performance degradation or equipment failure and enables predictive maintenance. gas If the value is continuously lower than the preset threshold, it indicates that the exhaust gas treatment equipment needs to be inspected or repaired. total The control unit can allocate resources more reasonably, adjust energy use, chemical agent injection, and manual operation, ensure the best match between resource input and system output, and improve economic efficiency. The control unit uses these indicators to ensure that the entire treatment process meets environmental protection and safety standards. In particular, E gas 、E PH , which are directly related to emission standards and wastewater treatment quality, and are essential for complying with regulations and avoiding environmental accidents. total It provides a comprehensive performance evaluation tool to help quickly grasp the operating efficiency of the entire system. This holistic perspective is an important basis for adjusting strategies, upgrading technology, and formulating long-term development plans.

[0052] Example

[0053] The system of the present invention and the traditional method were used to treat the same source of waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater. The same operating conditions and environmental parameters were selected to ensure the comparability of the data. During the treatment process, the key parameters of the wastewater, such as pH value, Na content, CO2 emission, and treatment cost, were monitored and recorded in real time.

[0054] Data collection:

[0055] High-precision sensors and online analytical instruments are used to monitor key variables in the system, such as wastewater pump flow, tail gas flow, CO2 concentration, pH value, Na content, etc. The data acquisition frequency is set to once per minute to ensure the accuracy and real-time nature of the monitoring data. The acquisition cycle is set to 24 hours to observe the stability of the system and the treatment effect under different conditions.

[0056] Data processing and analysis:

[0057] The analysis unit of the present invention is used to process the collected data in real time and calculate various efficiency indicators according to preset formulas.

[0058] The data of the conventional method is processed in the same manner, but without using the real-time monitoring and adjustment mechanism of the present invention, relying only on preset operating parameters.

[0059] Implementation data example

[0060] The method of the present invention:

[0061] CO2 concentration monitoring: initial CO2 concentration: 2000ppm, CO2 concentration after treatment: 1700ppm, CO2 reduction: 300ppm (15%).

[0062] Na content monitoring: initial Na content: 1000 mg / L, Na content after treatment: 750 mg / L, Na reduction: 250 mg / L (25%).

[0063] Treatment cost: cost of using chemicals: 300 yuan / ton of wastewater, other operating costs: 200 yuan / ton of wastewater, total cost: 500 yuan / ton of wastewater.

[0064] Traditional methods

[0065] CO2 concentration monitoring: Initial CO2 concentration: 2000ppm, CO2 concentration after treatment: 1850ppm, CO2 reduction: 150ppm (7.5%)

[0066] Na content monitoring: initial Na content: 1000 mg / L, Na content after treatment: 850 mg / L, Na reduction: 150 mg / L (15%)

[0067] Treatment cost: cost of reagent use: 400 yuan / ton of wastewater, other operating costs: 250 yuan / ton of wastewater, total cost: 650 yuan / ton of wastewater

[0068] Data analysis and conclusions

[0069] CO2 reduction: The method of the present invention reduces 150 ppm of CO2 more than the traditional method. Compared with the traditional method, the reduction rate is doubled, indicating that the CO2 treatment effect is significantly enhanced through real-time monitoring and adjustment.

[0070] Reduction of Na content: The method of the present invention reduces the Na content by 100 mg / L more than the traditional method, and the reduction rate increases by 10 percentage points, showing a better salt removal effect and reducing the risk of secondary environmental pollution.

[0071] Treatment cost: The treatment cost of the method of the present invention is 150 yuan / ton of wastewater lower than that of the traditional method, saving about 23% of the treatment cost, indicating that in terms of cost control, the method of the present invention has higher economy.

[0072] Through these data comparisons, it can be seen that the system of the present invention is superior to the traditional method in terms of CO2 emission reduction, Na content control and processing cost, which shows that the system of the present invention has significant advantages in practical applications and can effectively improve the efficiency of environmental management and resource utilization. The above is only a specific implementation method of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

[0073] Finally: The above description is only the preferred technical solution of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cement kiln tail gas monitoring system for waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater, characterized in that: It includes an exhaust gas introduction unit, a multi-stage spray absorption bed, a wastewater treatment unit, a monitoring unit, an analysis unit, a control unit and a sedimentation tank. The exhaust gas introduction unit includes a cement kiln exhaust gas pipeline and an induced draft fan. The induced draft fan guides the cement kiln exhaust gas from the cement kiln through the cement kiln exhaust gas pipeline, and introduces the guided cement kiln exhaust gas into the multi-stage spray absorption bed through the induced draft fan. The multi-stage spray absorption bed is a horizontal structure, and a guide plate and a multi-stage spray water distribution system are arranged inside. The multi-stage spray water distribution system mixes the cement kiln exhaust gas with the waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater gas-liquid by multi-stage spraying. The wastewater treatment unit includes a wastewater pump and Circulation pump, the monitoring unit monitors and collects the wastewater pump flow, the water-ash ratio of the washed fly ash wastewater, the circulation pump flow, the sediment formation rate, the tail gas flow, the exhaust gas flow, the CO2 concentration in the gas after absorption treatment, the inlet temperature, the inlet humidity, the wastewater pH, the multi-stage spray absorption bed liquid volume, the multi-stage spray absorption bed liquid concentration, and the wastewater suspended solids concentration in the sedimentation tank in real time. The analysis unit quantitatively analyzes the data collected by the monitoring unit according to the preset formula, and the control unit formulates a parameter control strategy according to the data transmitted by the monitoring unit. The sedimentation tank removes the suspended solids in the wastewater after the multi-stage spray absorption bed treatment.

2. A cement kiln tail gas monitoring system for waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring unit includes wastewater flow meter, water-cement ratio online analyzer, circulating water flow meter, automatic sedimentation rate monitor, tail gas mass flow meter, exhaust flow meter, infrared gas analyzer, temperature and humidity sensor, online pH meter, spray water flow meter, and online density meter.

3. A cement kiln tail gas monitoring system for waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wastewater flow meter is installed on the outlet pipe of the wastewater pump; the water-cement ratio online analyzer is installed at the inlet of the wastewater treatment unit, after the outlet of the wastewater pump; the circulating water flow meter is installed on the outlet pipe of the circulating pump; the automatic sedimentation rate monitor is placed in the sedimentation tank; the tail gas mass flow meter is installed in the tail gas introduction unit, specifically before the connection between the cement kiln tail gas pipeline and the multi-stage spray absorption bed; the exhaust flow meter is installed at the outlet of the multi-stage spray absorption bed; the infrared gas analyzer is installed on the outlet pipe of the multi-stage spray absorption bed, close to the exhaust flow meter; the temperature and humidity sensor is installed in the air intake pipe of the multi-stage spray absorption bed; the online pH meter is installed at the inlet and outlet of the multi-stage spray absorption bed; the spray water distribution flow meter is installed on the main water supply pipe of the spray system; the online density meter is installed at the outlet of the multi-stage spray absorption bed; the suspended solids meter is installed on the outlet pipe of the sedimentation tank.

4. A cement kiln tail gas monitoring system for waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage spray absorption bed is connected to the tail gas introduction unit, the wastewater treatment unit, the monitoring unit, and the sedimentation tank; the monitoring unit is connected to the sedimentation tank and the analysis unit; the analysis unit is connected to the control unit; the control unit is connected to the tail gas introduction unit, the multi-stage spray absorption bed, the wastewater treatment unit, and the sedimentation tank.

5. A cement kiln tail gas monitoring system for waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the analysis unit, the preset formulas include wastewater treatment and mixing efficiency analysis formula, tail gas treatment efficiency and environmental adaptability analysis formula, pH adjustment and mixing effect analysis formula, and comprehensive effect analysis formula.

6. A cement kiln tail gas monitoring system for waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the analysis unit, the wastewater treatment and mixing efficiency analysis formula uses the sine function to describe the effect of the periodic change of the water-cement ratio on the mixing efficiency, uses the hyperbolic cosine function to describe the nonlinear enhancement effect of the circulating pump flow on the mixing efficiency, and uses the logarithmic function to measure the incremental contribution of the sediment formation rate to the system efficiency. The wastewater treatment mixing efficiency analysis formula is: Where: E mix is the wastewater treatment and mixing efficiency analysis value, R water:ash is the water-cement ratio, Q water is the wastewater pump flow rate, Q recycle is the circulation pump flow rate, Q norm is the standard flow value, R sediment is the precipitate formation rate.

7. A cement kiln tail gas monitoring system for waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the analysis unit, the exhaust gas treatment efficiency and environmental adaptability analysis formula reflects the nonlinear relationship between CO2 concentration and exhaust gas flow ratio and its influence on exhaust gas treatment efficiency through the inverse tangent function, describes the direct influence of exhaust gas flow on exhaust gas treatment efficiency through the square root function, and describes the attenuation effect of temperature on gas treatment efficiency through the exponential decay function. The exhaust gas treatment efficiency and environmental adaptability analysis formula is: Where: E gas is the exhaust gas treatment efficiency and environmental adaptability analysis value, Q is the CO2 concentration in the gas after absorption treatment, gas is the exhaust gas flow rate, Q exhaust is the exhaust gas flow rate, T is the intake temperature, and Δ is the attenuation control factor.

8. A cement kiln tail gas monitoring system for waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the analysis unit, the pH adjustment and mixing effect analysis formula uses the hyperbolic sine function to describe the nonlinear effect of pH deviation from the neutral value, uses the cosine function to represent the effect of the periodic change of the spray liquid concentration on the control effect, and uses the cube root function and the square root function to represent the effect of the spray liquid volume and the inhibitory effect of the suspended matter content on the pH control efficiency, respectively. The pH adjustment and mixing effect analysis formula is: E PH pH adjustment and mixing effect analysis value, PH fw is the pH of wastewater, C spray is the concentration of dissolved and suspended solids in the spray liquid in the multi-stage circulating spray absorption bed, V spray is the amount of spray liquid in the multi-stage circulating spray absorption bed, S sed It is the suspended solids content of wastewater in the sedimentation tank.

9. A cement kiln tail gas monitoring system for waste incineration fly ash washing wastewater according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the analysis unit, the comprehensive effect analysis formula uses Chebyshev polynomials to integrate the analysis values ​​of wastewater treatment and mixing efficiency, exhaust gas treatment efficiency and environmental adaptability, and pH adjustment and mixing effect, and combines these three indicators into a single evaluation indicator to evaluate the performance of the entire system. The comprehensive effect analysis formula is: Where: E total is the comprehensive effect analysis value, n is the order of the selected Chebyshev polynomial, and is selected according to the smoothness and adaptability expected to be achieved in the comprehensive effect analysis formula of the above three indicators, T n is the nth order Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind.

Images