Multi-procedure machining method for completing axle end face and hole through single equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-procedure machining device and method for completing axle end face and hole machining through single equipment. The machining process sequence is as follows: axle clamping, axle length measuring, axle end face machining, center hole machining, threaded hole machining, auxiliary hole machining and axle outer circle semi-finishing. Waste of working hours caused by repeated replacement of machine tool equipment is avoided. According to the invention, the reduction of the positioning precision and the machining quality caused by using an abrasion type tool is avoided. By means of the axle machining method, process interruption is avoided, the defect that end face hole machining is carried out after semi-finishing is overcome, and the risk that the axle is collided in the clamping process is effectively eliminated. In the prior art, in the axle end face and hole machining process, five different devices need to be used, axle end face and hole machining can be completed only through five times of clamping, only one device is needed in the process of the method, and machining can be completed only through one time of clamping. According to the method, only 15 min is needed, and the machining efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of axle processing, and in particular to a multi-process processing device and method for completing an axle end face and a hole by a single device. Background Art

[0002] The axle is one of the core and important parts of railway locomotives. The end face processing in the processing process is relatively important and has high process requirements. The end face processing of the axle includes four processes: end face, end face threaded hole, process hole and center hole. The processing quality of the end face and various holes directly affects the processing of the axle and the assembly accuracy of the bogie. Moreover, as the pre-process of the entire axle processing process, the processing efficiency also plays a decisive role in production.

[0003] The existing technical solutions are relatively old, mainly using multiple ordinary machine tools and abrasive tooling for processing. The tooling is worn out after long-term use, resulting in a decrease in accuracy, which objectively leads to insufficient stability in axle end face processing, thus affecting product quality. Different axle processing procedures require the use of different equipment, and frequent replacement and transfer of products result in a large amount of man-hours being spent on non-processing procedures, which seriously restricts the production efficiency of axle end face and hole processing, and indirectly increases processing costs.

[0004] Specifically, the existing processing method for the axle end face and hole is a process-distributed method, and the specific technical solution is as follows:

[0005] The axle after rough turning is clamped on the first multi-head drilling machine, and the center hole 1 left by the previous rough machining is used for positioning, and two process holes 2 are fine-machined, and the axle is turned to process the other end face; the axle is then transferred to the second ordinary lathe, and it is also positioned by the center hole left by the rough machining, and the center hole is fine-machined, and the axle is turned to process the other end face; the axle is then transferred to the third CNC lathe, and the center hole fine-machined on the second ordinary lathe is used for positioning and alignment, and the outer circle of the axle is fine-machined; the axle is then transferred to the fourth ordinary lathe, and the center hole fine-machined on the ordinary lathe is used for alignment, the outer circle of the axle is clamped, the end face of the axle is fine-machined, and the axle is turned to process the other end face; the axle is then transferred to the fifth radial drilling machine, and the drilling position is positioned with the help of a self-made drilling positioning mold. Due to space limitations, it is necessary to build a pit at least 2 meters deep under the radial drilling machine, so that the axle can be placed vertically in the pit, and the axle is tightened against the side wall of the pit to fine-machine the threaded hole 3 on the end face of the axle. End face and hole Figure 1 , Figure 2 The details of the prior art solutions are shown in Table 1.

[0006]

[0007] In summary, the prior art requires semi-finishing of the outer circle of the axle during the machining of the axle end face and the hole, and then the remaining machining processes are carried out. The machine tool has been replaced 4 times for machining, and each time it needs to be re-aligned and clamped, and the axle will be damaged during the clamping process. The axle total length sample rod and the drilling positioning tooling are both wear-type tooling. After long-term use and wear, the accuracy is significantly reduced, which directly affects the machining quality of the axle end face and various holes. The finishing of the axle end face and various holes needs to be completed in five pieces of equipment and processes. The axle needs to be turned around during the process. A lot of man-hours are consumed in the process of axle transportation and axle clamping, resulting in low machining efficiency and increased machining costs. Summary of the invention

[0008] In response to the technical problems raised above, a multi-process processing device for completing the end face and hole of an axle with a single device is provided.

[0009] The technical means adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0010] A multi-process processing device for completing axle end faces and holes with a single device comprises: a machine tool support, a machine tool spindle, a fixture, a tool magazine and a length measuring mechanism, wherein the machine tool support is used to place the axle to be processed, the machine tool spindle is arranged on the machine tool, and can adjust the distance into the two ends of the axle to be processed, the fixture is used to clamp the outer circles at both ends of the axle after alignment, the length measuring mechanism is used to measure the length data of the axle to be processed as the basic data of the axle end face processing size, and the tool magazine is provided with a plurality of tools for processing the axle to be processed at different stages, so as to complete the in-situ processing of the axle center hole, process hole and threaded hole.

[0011] Furthermore, the length measuring mechanism comprises a probe which is integrated into the tool magazine. During measurement, the probe is installed into the spindle to measure the total length of the axle.

[0012] Furthermore, the spindle is a center spindle, and the left and right spindles are arranged opposite to each other so that the two centers are respectively directed toward the two ends of the axle to be processed.

[0013] Furthermore, the tools in the tool magazine include milling cutter discs of different specifications, shallow hole drills, center hole forming milling cutters, fine milling cutters, chamfering cutters, and tap drills.

[0014] Furthermore, the tool changing operation is performed by a robot.

[0015] The present invention also discloses a multi-process processing method for completing the end face and hole of an axle by a single device based on the above processing device, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Place the axle to be processed on a fixed bracket to ensure the stability of the axle, clamp the axle, and measure the length of the axle;

[0017] Step 2, replace the milling cutter disc in the tool magazine as a processing tool, process the end face of the axle, and the milling cutter disc mills the end face;

[0018] Step 3: After the end face milling is completed, the shallow hole drill, center hole forming milling cutter and fine milling cutter in the tool magazine are replaced respectively to complete the rough milling and fine milling of the center hole;

[0019] Step 4: After the center hole is processed, replace the shallow hole drill, chamfering tool, and tap drill in the tool magazine to complete the processing of the deep threaded hole;

[0020] Step 5: After the threaded hole processing is completed, replace the shallow hole drill and chamfering tool in the tool magazine to complete the processing of the process hole.

[0021] Furthermore, in the processing step, the tool in the tool magazine is selected according to the machine tool main control system, the tool is clamped by the tool changing robot, replaced in the spindle center hole, and the tool is pneumatically clamped to process the axle end face and the hole.

[0022] Further, step 1 specifically includes the following steps: placing the axle to be processed horizontally on the machine tool support, making the tips of the spindle centers at both ends contact a certain distance above the center positioning hole reserved for rough processing, starting the machine tool for opposite clamping, moving the centers at both ends toward the center, and making the axle slightly lifted by a preset amount and in a fixed state by the inclined surfaces of the centers, clamping the outer circle parts at both ends of the axle with a V-shaped clamp, retracting the centers at both ends, and completing the clamping and alignment of the axle;

[0023] Select the probe in the tool magazine and install it on the spindle to measure the total length of the axle. The measured data will be used as the basic data for the machining dimensions of the axle end face.

[0024] Furthermore, step 2 specifically includes the following steps: select a rough milling cutter disc in the tool magazine, perform rough milling on the shaft end twice, then select a fine milling cutter disc, perform fine milling once, milling the end face from the outside of the axle to the inside, and the milling cutter disc blade circulates through the entire end face to complete the processing.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0026] 1. High efficiency: The present invention avoids the waste of working hours caused by multiple replacement of machine tools and equipment, and improves processing efficiency.

[0027] 2. Improved processing accuracy: The present invention controls the processing accuracy through machine tool accuracy and program parameters, avoiding the reduction of positioning accuracy and processing quality caused by the use of wear-type tooling.

[0028] 3. Improved quality level: The present invention avoids process interruption, eliminates the disadvantages of end face processing after semi-finishing, and effectively eliminates the risk of collision of the axle during the clamping process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0030] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the axle end face and hole.

[0031] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the axle end face and threaded hole.

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0033] In the figure: 1. Center hole; 2. Process hole; 3. Threaded hole; 4. Axle; 5. V-type clamp; 6. Spindle; 7. Tool magazine; 8. Tool changing robot; 9. Machine tool support. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0037] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of the parts and steps described in these embodiments, the numerical expressions and numerical values ​​do not limit the scope of the present invention. At the same time, it should be clear that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The technology, methods and equipment known to ordinary technicians in the relevant field may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, methods and equipment should be regarded as part of the authorization specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar numbers and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "lateral, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention: the directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contours of each component itself.

[0039] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below their position devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0040] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. If not otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] like Figure 3As shown, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a multi-process processing device for completing the end face and hole of an axle with a single device, including: a machine tool support, a machine tool spindle, a fixture, a tool magazine and a length measuring mechanism, wherein the machine tool support is used to place the axle to be processed, the machine tool spindle is arranged on the machine tool, and it can adjust the distance into the two ends of the axle to be processed, the fixture is used to clamp the outer circle of the two ends of the axle after alignment, and the length measuring mechanism is used to measure the length data of the axle to be processed as the basic data of the axle end face processing size, and the tool magazine is provided with a number of tools for processing the axle to be processed at different stages to complete the in-situ processing of the axle center hole, process hole and threaded hole. In this embodiment, the fixture is V-shaped, and for other working conditions, fixtures of other shapes can be selected.

[0042] The length measuring mechanism comprises a probe which is integrated into the tool magazine. During measurement, the probe is installed into the spindle to measure the total length of the axle.

[0043] The spindle is a top spindle, and the left and right spindles are arranged opposite to each other so that the two tops are respectively directed toward the two ends of the axle to be processed.

[0044] The tools in the tool magazine include milling cutter discs of different specifications, shallow hole drills, center hole forming milling cutters, fine milling cutters, chamfering cutters, and tap drills.

[0045] The tool changing operation is completed by the robot.

[0046] The present invention also discloses a multi-process processing method for completing the end face and hole of an axle by a single device based on the above processing device, comprising the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Place the axle to be processed on a fixed bracket to ensure the stability of the axle, clamp the axle, and measure the length of the axle;

[0048] Step 2, replace the milling cutter disc in the tool magazine as a processing tool, process the end face of the axle, and the milling cutter disc mills the end face;

[0049] Step 3: After the end face milling is completed, the shallow hole drill, center hole forming milling cutter and fine milling cutter in the tool magazine are replaced respectively to complete the rough milling and fine milling of the center hole;

[0050] Step 4: After the center hole is processed, replace the shallow hole drill, chamfering tool, and tap drill in the tool magazine to complete the processing of the deep threaded hole;

[0051] Step 5: After the threaded hole processing is completed, replace the shallow hole drill and chamfering tool in the tool magazine to complete the processing of the process hole.

[0052] The order of finishing the shaft end face and hole processing in the process of the present invention can be adjusted according to the actual situation. That is, the order of steps 2 to 5 can be adjusted according to the actual situation.

[0053] In the processing steps, the tool in the tool magazine is selected according to the machine tool main control system, the tool is clamped by the tool changing robot, replaced in the spindle center hole, and the tool is pneumatically clamped to process the axle end face and hole.

[0054] Step 1 specifically includes the following steps: placing the axle to be processed horizontally on the machine tool support, making the tips of the spindle centers at both ends contact a certain distance above the center positioning hole reserved for rough machining, starting the machine tool for opposite clamping, moving the centers at both ends toward the center, and making the axle slightly lifted by a preset amount and in a fixed state by the inclined surfaces of the centers, clamping the outer circle parts of both ends of the axle with a V-shaped clamp, retracting the centers at both ends, and completing the clamping and alignment of the axle;

[0055] Select the probe in the tool magazine and install it on the spindle to measure the total length of the axle. The measured data will be used as the basic data for the machining dimensions of the axle end face.

[0056] Step 2 specifically includes the following steps: select the rough milling cutter disc in the tool magazine, perform two rough millings on the shaft end, then select the fine milling cutter disc, perform one fine milling, mill the end face from the outside of the axle to the inside, and the milling cutter disc blade circulates through the entire end face to complete the processing.

[0057] The present invention improves production efficiency by changing the process method, integrates the working procedures, and uses one device to complete the processing content that three devices in the original process complete, eliminating the extra time consumed by material loading and unloading and clamping; the use of CNC processing equipment improves the processing accuracy and fundamentally improves the product quality.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] A method for completing multi-process machining of axle end faces using a single device, the main steps and implementation methods are as follows:

[0060] Step 1: Place the axle on the fixed bracket to ensure the stability of the axle, clamp the axle, and measure the length of the axle.

[0061] The axle 4 is placed horizontally on the machine tool support 9. At this time, the machine tool spindle is the top. The tips of the two ends of the spindle tops are contacted with the upper 2mm of the center positioning hole reserved for rough machining. The machine tool is started to clamp in opposite directions. The tops at both ends move toward the center. Due to the inclined surface of the top, the axle is slightly lifted and fixed. The outer circle of the two ends of the axle is clamped with a special horizontally opposed V-shaped clamp 5. The tops at both ends are retracted to complete the clamping and alignment of the axle. Select the probe in the tool magazine 7 and install it in the spindle 6 to measure the total length of the axle. The measurement data equipment automatically records it as the basic data for the machining size of the axle end face.

[0062] Step 2: The machining diameter of the axle end face is 160mm, the total length of the axle is 2248mm, and a φ200 milling cutter is used to mill the end face.

[0063] Select the φ200 rough milling cutter in tool magazine 7 to perform two rough millings on the shaft end, and then select the φ200 fine milling cutter to perform one fine milling, milling the end face from the outside of the axle to the inside, and the milling cutter blade circulates through the entire end face to complete the processing. By rotating the machine tool spindle, the milling cutter replaces the traditional turning tool, expanding the original machining center function, making it complete the function of the horizontal milling machine, and completing the axle end face processing.

[0064] Step 3: According to the combined angle of 60° and 120° of the axle center hole and 48mm depth (such as Figure 1 ), select φ20 shallow hole drill, 60° and 120° combined center hole forming milling cutter, and 60° fine milling cutter.

[0065] First, select the φ20 shallow hole drill in the tool magazine 7 to drill the bottom hole of the center hole, the drilling depth is 48mm, then replace the 60° and 120° combined center hole forming milling cutters to rough the center hole, and finally replace the 60° fine milling cutter to complete the fine milling of the center hole.

[0066] Step 4: Make sure the axle thread hole size is M24-6H, bottom hole depth is 55mm, thread depth is 40mm (such as Figure 1 ), select φ20.9 shallow hole drill, 120° chamfering cutter, and tap M24-6H to complete the threaded hole processing.

[0067] First, select the φ20.9 shallow hole drill in tool magazine 7, drill a 55mm deep thread bottom hole, then replace the 120° chamfering tool to complete the chamfering of the threaded hole, and finally replace the M24-6H tap drill with a 40mm deep thread.

[0068] Step 5: Make sure the axle process hole size is φ22 and the depth is 60mm (such as Figure 1 ), select φ22 shallow hole drill and 90° chamfering tool to complete the process hole processing.

[0069] First, select the φ22 shallow hole drill in tool magazine 7, the drilling depth is 60mm, and then select the 90° chamfering tool to complete the chamfering of process hole C1.

[0070] Step 6: According to the above parameters and steps, compile the processing program to complete the processing of the axle end face and various holes. The equipment can process both ends at the same time, saving half the working time.

[0071] The above process is completed on only one device, taking advantage of the high precision of the shaft end machining center, completely replacing the existing method of using tooling for positioning machining, fundamentally solving the problem of insufficient machining accuracy, and at the same time, it can achieve the fine machining of the axle end face and hole in one clamping. Figure 2 .

[0072] During operation, the tool in the tool magazine 7 is selected according to the program, the tool changer 8 clamps the tool, and is replaced in the center hole of the spindle 6. The tool is pneumatically clamped to process the end face and hole of the axle. The structures at both ends of the machine tool are consistent, and processing can be carried out at the same time, shortening the processing time.

[0073] For the axle end face processing of different products, different process programs are modularized. According to the different size specifications of different products, the product parameters can be controlled through programming, the module can be called, and the prefabricated tools in the machine tool tool library can be used to complete the axle end processing and then complete the product production.

[0074] In summary, the present invention uses one device to complete the machining of the shaft end face and the hole, and there is no need to clamp the workpiece multiple times. Except for the shaft end face and hole machining process, other processes are not inserted into the process of the present invention, further eliminating repeated clamping; there is a rough machining process before the method of the present invention, but the machining result has no decisive effect on the process of the present invention, that is, the quality of the end face and hole machining depends only on the process of the present invention; the workpiece clamping device adopts a horizontally opposed V-shaped clamp, and other modified clamps can also meet the clamping requirements and are also within the protection scope. The processing process is automatic, that is, no manual intervention is required from the start of processing after clamping until the processing is completed. Under special circumstances, manual suspension and adjustment are also included in the process of the present invention.

[0075] Example 2

[0076] Taking the C-type axle as an example, the total length of the axle is 2248mm, and the axle end hole is Figure 1 As shown, the center hole angle is a combination of 60° and 120°, the depth is 48mm, the threaded hole position is M24-6H standard thread, the thread depth is 40mm, the hole depth is 55mm, the process hole diameter is φ22mm, and the depth is 60mm.

[0077] Use the tools as shown in Table 2 below, and write the dimension information, tool call and cutting parameters into the program using G code language.

[0078] Table 2: Process tool selection table

[0079]

[0080] The process flow is shown in Table 3:

[0081] Table 3: Process of the present invention

[0082] Serial number Process Use equipment time consuming 1 Machining axle end faces Shaft end machining center 5min 2 Machining center hole Shaft end machining center 4min 3 Processing threaded holes Shaft end machining center 3min 4 Processing hole Shaft end machining center 3min 5 Semi-finishing of the outer diameter of the axle CNC Lathe -

[0083] The existing method of axle end face and hole processing process sequence is: axle clamping, processing hole, axle clamping, processing center hole, axle clamping, semi-finishing axle outer circle, axle clamping, measuring shaft length, processing axle end face, axle clamping, processing threaded hole.

[0084] The processing sequence of the axle end face and hole in this method is: axle clamping, measuring the shaft length, axle end face processing, center hole processing, threaded hole processing, process hole processing, and axle outer circle semi-finishing processing.

[0085] Compared with the existing technology, the main differences are:

[0086] 1. The existing technology requires the use of 5 different devices and 5 clampings to complete the axle end face and hole processing process, while the method of the present invention only requires 1 device and only 1 clamping to complete the processing. The existing method takes about 60 minutes to complete the end face and hole processing of an axle, while the method of the present invention only takes 15 minutes, which improves the processing efficiency by 4 times;

[0087] 2. The process flow of the present invention does not require the use of wear-type tooling in the prior art to determine the size and position. Instead, the high precision advantage of the machine tool itself is utilized, which fundamentally eliminates the risk of product quality degradation caused by tooling wear in the prior art;

[0088] 3. In the prior art, the machining process of the shaft end face and the hole is interspersed with other finishing processes such as the axle outer circle machining, resulting in a discontinuous process. The unreasonable process flow causes the axle surface after finishing to continue to be clamped, and the vertical shaft end drilling method puts more pressure on the axle surface, which is very easy to scratch the axle. The method of the present invention uses the same equipment for processing, ensuring process continuity and eliminating quality risk points.

[0089] Based on the above embodiments, it can be seen that the "end face and hole processing tool" of the present invention can work together. A method for completing multi-process processing of axle end faces and holes with a single device can achieve the completion of all processes on a single device. After performing one alignment and clamping, the processing goals of axle end faces and holes can be completed continuously. The method of eliminating five machine tools and four transfers to process an axle end face and threaded hole, process hole and center hole is an optimized method suitable for high-quality and efficient processing. The processing tool used in this method achieves the purpose of processing all processes of axle end faces and holes on a single machine tool. The factors affecting the processing quality, such as precision deviation caused by tool wear, are eliminated through optimization methods.

[0090] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-process processing device for axle end faces and holes using a single device, characterized in that: include: A machine tool support, a machine tool spindle, a fixture, a tool magazine and a length measuring mechanism. The machine tool support is used to place the axle to be processed. The machine tool spindle is arranged on the machine tool and can adjust the distance into the two ends of the axle to be processed. The fixture is used to clamp the outer circle of the two ends of the axle after alignment. The length measuring mechanism is used to measure the length data of the axle to be processed as the basic data of the axle end surface processing size. The tool magazine is provided with a number of tools for processing the axle to be processed at different stages to complete the in-situ processing of the axle center hole, process hole and threaded hole.

2. The multi-step processing device for completing the end face and hole of an axle by a single device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length measuring mechanism comprises a probe which is integrated into the tool magazine. During measurement, the probe is installed into the spindle to measure the total length of the axle.

3. The multi-step processing device for completing the end face and hole of an axle by a single device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spindle is a top spindle, and the left and right spindles are arranged opposite to each other so that the two tops are respectively directed toward the two ends of the axle to be processed.

4. The multi-step processing device for completing the end face and hole of an axle by a single device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tools in the tool magazine include milling cutter discs of different specifications, shallow hole drills, center hole forming milling cutters, fine milling cutters, chamfering cutters, and tap drills.

5. The multi-step processing device for completing the end face and hole of an axle by a single device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool changing operation is completed by the robot.

6. A multi-step machining method for axle end faces and holes using a single device based on the machining device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Place the axle to be processed on a fixed bracket to ensure the stability of the axle, clamp the axle, and measure the length of the axle; Step 2, replace the milling cutter disc in the tool magazine as a processing tool, process the end face of the axle, and the milling cutter disc mills the end face; Step 3: After the end face milling is completed, the shallow hole drill, center hole forming milling cutter and fine milling cutter in the tool magazine are replaced respectively to complete the rough milling and fine milling of the center hole; Step 4: After the center hole is processed, replace the shallow hole drill, chamfering tool, and tap drill in the tool magazine to complete the processing of the deep threaded hole; Step 5: After the threaded hole processing is completed, replace the shallow hole drill and chamfering tool in the tool magazine to complete the processing of the process hole.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that In the processing steps, the tool in the tool magazine is selected according to the machine tool main control system, the tool is clamped by the tool changing robot, replaced in the spindle center hole, and the tool is pneumatically clamped to process the axle end face and hole.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that Step 1 specifically includes the following steps: placing the axle to be processed horizontally on the machine tool support, making the tips of the spindle centers at both ends contact a certain distance above the center positioning hole reserved for rough machining, starting the machine tool for opposite clamping, moving the centers at both ends toward the center, and making the axle slightly lifted by a preset amount and in a fixed state by the inclined surfaces of the centers, clamping the outer circle parts of both ends of the axle with a V-shaped clamp, retracting the centers at both ends, and completing the clamping and alignment of the axle; Select the probe in the tool magazine and install it on the spindle to measure the total length of the axle. The measured data will be used as the basic data for the machining dimensions of the axle end face.

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that Step 2 specifically includes the following steps: select the rough milling cutter disc in the tool magazine, perform two rough millings on the shaft end, then select the fine milling cutter disc, perform one fine milling, mill the end face from the outside of the axle to the inside, and the milling cutter disc blade circulates through the entire end face to complete the processing.

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