A method and apparatus for drilling

Abstract

The application discloses a drilling method, comprising the following steps: presetting a plurality of concentric lightening holes on a workpiece; moving an expansion chuck of an automatic feed drill into a blind hole and supporting the expansion chuck on the inner wall of the blind hole; and starting a drill bit of the automatic feed drill to drill a riveting hole at the bottom of the blind hole. The stability of the expansion chuck can be ensured by supporting the expansion chuck in the blind hole, and an additional clamping device is not needed to clamp the expansion chuck, so that the drilling cost can be effectively reduced, the stable operation of the automatic feed drill can be ensured, and the drilling precision is ensured. In addition, when drilling, the expansion chuck and the drill bit are moved into the blind hole, and other additional devices are not needed to position the expansion chuck, so that the drilling efficiency can be effectively improved. The application further discloses a drilling device, which can support and position the expansion chuck of the automatic feed drill by using the concentric lightening holes on the workpiece, and the drilling efficiency and the drilling precision can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of drilling, and in particular to a drilling method and equipment. Background Art

[0002] For a rail vehicle body, after the underframe and carbon fiber floor are assembled, the bolsters and floor must be riveted together to complete the underframe. Because each bolster has numerous rivet holes, drilling must be performed on-site after the bolsters and floor are secured together to ensure accurate drilling.

[0003] Currently, automatic feed drills are mainly used for drilling. However, automatic feed drills require the help of auxiliary drilling jigs to complete positioning and fixation. Due to the large size of the chassis and the large number of riveted holes, it is not suitable to use automatic feed drills and drilling jigs designed according to the workpiece hole positions for drilling. This method has the problems of low drilling accuracy and low efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve drilling accuracy and drilling efficiency is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a drilling method and equipment that can effectively improve drilling accuracy and drilling efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A drilling method comprising:

[0008] Presetting a plurality of concentric lightening holes on the workpiece, wherein the concentric lightening holes are blind holes;

[0009] Controlling the expansion chuck of the automatic feed drill to move into the blind hole and tightening the expansion chuck against the inner wall of the blind hole;

[0010] The drill bit of the automatic feed drill is activated to drill a rivet hole at the bottom of the blind hole.

[0011] In some embodiments, the diameter of the concentric lightening hole is D1=D+0.05 mm, where dimension D is the diameter of the expansion chuck when it is contracted; the depth of the concentric lightening hole is H=t-t1, and is not less than 8 mm, where dimension t is the thickness of the workpiece, and dimension t1 is the depth of the rivet hole.

[0012] In some embodiments, before controlling the expansion chuck of the automatic feed drill to move into the blind hole, the method further comprises:

[0013] A self-expanding jig is placed in the blind hole. A mounting hole for cooperating with the expansion chuck is provided in the self-expanding jig. An opening groove is provided on the side wall of the self-expanding jig.

[0014] In some embodiments, a hand-held boss is provided at the upper end of the self-expanding drill template, and the outer diameter of the hand-held boss is larger than the outer diameter of the body of the self-expanding drill template.

[0015] In some embodiments, a limiting boss is provided on the inner bottom of the mounting hole.

[0016] In some embodiments, the diameter of the mounting hole D2 = D + 0.05 mm, where dimension D is the diameter of the expansion chuck when it is contracted; the width of the opening groove is 2 mm; the outer diameter of the body of the self-expanding drill jig D3 = D1-0.05 mm, where dimension D1 is the diameter of the concentric lightening hole; the outer diameter of the handheld boss is 4 mm larger than the outer diameter of the body of the self-expanding drill jig; the height of the limiting boss is 10 mm, and the inner hole diameter of the limiting boss is 20 mm.

[0017] A drilling device for implementing any of the drilling methods described above, the drilling device comprising: an automatic feed drill, the automatic feed drill comprising an expansion chuck and a drill bit, the expansion chuck being used to tighten against the inner wall of a concentric lightening hole of a workpiece, the concentric lightening hole being a blind hole, and the drill bit being used to drill a rivet hole at the bottom of the blind hole.

[0018] In some embodiments, the drilling equipment also includes a self-expanding drill jig, which is provided with a mounting hole for cooperating with the expansion chuck, and the side wall of the self-expanding drill jig is provided with an open groove, and an avoidance groove is provided on the side of the mounting hole away from the open groove.

[0019] In some embodiments, a hand-held boss is provided at the upper end of the self-expanding drill template, and the outer diameter of the hand-held boss is larger than the outer diameter of the body of the self-expanding drill template; a limiting boss is provided at the inner bottom of the mounting hole.

[0020] In some embodiments, a plurality of the mounting holes are provided in the self-expanding drilling template, the side walls of two adjacent mounting holes are connected to each other, and the axes of the plurality of mounting holes are arranged parallel to each other.

[0021] Compared with the existing technology, the above technical solution has the following advantages:

[0022] The present invention provides a drilling method comprising: pre-setting a plurality of concentric lightening holes in a workpiece; controlling the expansion chuck of an automatic feed drill to move into the blind hole and secure the expansion chuck against the inner wall of the blind hole; and activating the drill bit of the automatic feed drill to drill a rivet hole at the bottom of the blind hole. The concentric lightening holes reduce the weight of the workpiece and also provide positioning and support for the expansion chuck of the automatic feed drill, ensuring its stability. No additional clamping device is required to hold the expansion chuck, effectively reducing drilling costs and ensuring stable operation of the automatic feed drill, thereby ensuring drilling accuracy and improving drilling efficiency.

[0023] The drilling equipment provided by the present invention can utilize the concentric lightening hole on the workpiece to position and support the expansion chuck of the automatic feed drill, thereby ensuring the drilling accuracy and drilling efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a drilling device provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a drilling device, a self-expanding drilling jig, and a workpiece provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a self-expanding drilling template;

[0028] Figure 4 A top view of a self-expanding drilling jig with two mounting holes;

[0029] Figure 5 A top view of a self-expanding jig with three mounting holes.

[0030] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0031] 10-Automatic feed drill, 11-Expansion chuck, 12-Handheld part;

[0032] 20-first plate, 21-concentric lightening hole, 22-riveting hole;

[0033] 30- second plate;

[0034] 40-self-expanding drilling template, 41-mounting hole, 42-hand-held boss, 43-limiting boss, 44-avoidance groove, 45-opening groove, 46-through groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 .

[0037] An embodiment of the present invention provides a drilling method, comprising the following steps:

[0038] Step 1: Preset a number of concentric lightening holes 21 on the workpiece, wherein the concentric lightening holes 21 are blind holes. The concentric lightening holes 21 can reduce the weight of the workpiece and also provide positioning and support for the expansion chuck 11 of the automatic feed drill 10.

[0039] Step 2: Control the expansion chuck 11 of the automatic feed drill 10 to move into the blind hole, and make the expansion chuck 11 tightened on the inner wall of the blind hole. Regarding the structure and working principle of the automatic feed drill 10, reference can be made to the existing technology, and the present invention will not go into details. By tightening the expansion chuck 11 in the blind hole, the stability of the expansion chuck 11 can be guaranteed, and no additional clamping device is required to clamp the expansion chuck 11, which can effectively reduce the drilling cost, and can ensure the stable operation of the automatic feed drill 10, thereby ensuring the drilling accuracy. In addition, when drilling, it is sufficient to move the expansion chuck 11 and the drill bit into the blind hole, and there is no need to operate other additional devices to position the expansion chuck 11, so the drilling efficiency can be effectively improved.

[0040] Step 3: Start the drill bit of the automatic feed drill 10 to drill a rivet hole 22 at the bottom of the blind hole. The rivet hole 22 is coaxial with the concentric lightening hole 21. The ratio of the hole spacing S between adjacent rivet holes 22 to the diameter d of the rivet hole 22 is not less than 5, that is, S / d ≥ 5. When two workpieces need to be riveted, for example, a first plate 20 and a second plate 30 are riveted together, the first plate 20 is placed above the second plate 30, and the first plate 20 is provided with a concentric lightening hole 21. The thickness of the second plate 30 is consistent with the thickness of the bottom of the concentric lightening hole 21. The rivet hole 22 can be drilled at the bottom of the blind hole and the second plate 30 by drilling. After drilling is completed, the expansion chuck 11 is contracted, and the expansion chuck 11 and the drill bit are removed from the blind hole. Then, a rivet is driven into the rivet hole 22 to achieve the riveting of the first plate 20 and the second plate 30.

[0041] In some embodiments, the diameter D1 of the concentric lightening hole 21 is D+0.05 mm, where D is the diameter of the expansion chuck 11 when it is contracted. For example, the diameter of the expansion chuck 11 when it is contracted is approximately 25.4 mm. This means that the diameter of the concentric lightening hole 21 is slightly larger than the diameter of the expansion chuck 11 when it is contracted, allowing the expansion chuck 11 to expand to a smaller size while remaining securely held within the concentric lightening hole 21. The depth H of the concentric lightening hole 21 is H=t-t1, and is no less than 8 mm, where t is the thickness of the workpiece and t1 is the depth of the rivet hole 22. The thickness t2 of the second plate 30 is consistent with the depth t1 of the rivet hole 22 of the first plate 20. A concentric lightening hole 21 of a certain depth can improve the holding stability of the expansion chuck 11, thereby ensuring drilling accuracy.

[0042] In some embodiments, to further achieve the goal of lightweighting the panel, the size of the lightening hole needs to be further increased. Because the diameter of the concentric lightening hole 21 greatly exceeds the expanded diameter of the expansion chuck 11 of the automatic feed drill 10, a single method of fixing the concentric lightening hole 21 cannot meet the positioning and clamping requirements of the automatic feed drill 10. In this case, a combination of the concentric lightening hole 21 and a self-expanding drill jig 40 is required for fixation. Before controlling the expansion chuck 11 of the automatic feed drill 10 to move into the blind hole, the drilling method further includes the following steps: placing the self-expanding drill jig 40 in the blind hole, wherein the self-expanding drill jig 40 is provided with a mounting hole 41 for interfacing with the expansion chuck 11, and the sidewall of the self-expanding drill jig 40 is provided with an open groove 45. During drilling, the automatic feed drill 10, carrying the expansion chuck 11, moves into the mounting hole 41 of the automatic expansion jig. As the expansion chuck 11 expands, the self-expanding jig 40 also expands, securing the expansion chuck 11 within the concentric lightening hole 21. The drill bit then drills the rivet hole 22 at the inner bottom of the blind hole. After drilling is complete, the expansion chuck 11 contracts, and the self-expanding jig 40 also contracts, facilitating removal of the expansion chuck 11 and self-expanding jig 40 from the concentric lightening hole 21. The opening 45 facilitates the expansion and contraction of the self-expanding jig 40.

[0043] In some embodiments, a workpiece is provided with circular concentric lightening holes 21 and oblong concentric lightening holes 21. Accordingly, the self-expanding jig 40 is divided into a single-hole jig that cooperates with the circular concentric lightening holes 21 and a multi-hole jig that cooperates with the oblong concentric lightening holes 21. A hand-held boss 42 is provided at the upper end of the self-expanding jig 40. The hand-held boss 42 is preferably an annular protrusion structure integrally formed on the outer side of the upper end of the self-expanding jig 40. The outer diameter of the hand-held boss 42 is greater than the outer diameter of the main body of the self-expanding jig 40 and also greater than the inner diameter of the concentric lightening holes 21. The hand-held boss 42 can limit the depth of the self-expanding jig 40 in the concentric lightening holes 21. In addition, the hand-held boss 42 is convenient for the user to grasp, so as to facilitate the self-expanding jig 40 to be placed in the concentric lightening holes 21 of the workpiece or to be removed from the concentric lightening holes 21.

[0044] In some embodiments, a limiting boss 43 is provided at the inner bottom of the mounting hole 41 . The limiting boss 43 is preferably an annular protrusion structure integrally formed in the mounting hole 41 . The limiting boss 43 can limit the depth of the expansion chuck 11 extending into the mounting hole 41 .

[0045] In some embodiments, the diameter D2 of the mounting hole 41 is D+0.05 mm, where the dimension D is the diameter of the expansion chuck 11 when it is contracted, and the height of the mounting hole 41 depends on actual needs, where the height of the mounting hole 41 is preferably not less than 20 mm; the width of the opening groove 45 is 2 mm; the outer diameter D3 of the body of the self-expanding drill jig 40 is D1-0.05 mm, where the dimension D1 is the diameter of the concentric lightening hole 21; the outer diameter of the handheld boss 42 is 4 mm larger than the outer diameter of the body of the self-expanding drill jig 40; the height of the limiting boss 43 is 10 mm, and the inner hole diameter of the limiting boss 43 is 20 mm.

[0046] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a drilling device for implementing the drilling method provided in any of the above embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the drilling equipment includes an automatic feed drill 10, which includes an expansion chuck 11 and a drill bit. The drill bit can rotate relative to the expansion chuck 11. To facilitate operation of the automatic feed drill 10, the automatic feed drill 10 is provided with a handle 12. A plurality of concentric lightening holes 21 are provided on the workpiece. The distribution of the multiple concentric lightening holes 21 can be selected according to actual needs. The concentric lightening holes 21 are blind holes. During drilling, the expansion chuck 11 can be tightened against the inner wall of the concentric lightening holes 21 in the workpiece. The drill bit is then activated to drill a rivet hole 22 at the bottom of the blind hole. By utilizing the concentric lightening holes 21 in the workpiece, the weight can be reduced and the expansion chuck 11 can be supported and positioned. This positioning function can be achieved without the need for an additional clamping device to secure the expansion chuck 11, thereby effectively improving drilling efficiency and accuracy.

[0047] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 As shown, for machining concentric lightening holes 21 with larger diameters, the drilling equipment also includes a self-expanding jig 40, which can be placed within the concentric lightening hole 21. The self-expanding jig 40 includes a mounting hole 41 for interfacing with the expansion chuck 11. The sidewalls of the self-expanding jig 40 are provided with an opening 45, and a relief groove 44 is provided on the side of the mounting hole 41 away from the opening 45. When the expansion chuck 11 is placed within the mounting hole 41 of the self-expanding jig 40, the expansion of the expansion chuck 11 tightens the self-expanding jig 40, thereby securing the expansion chuck 11. The opening 45 and relief groove 44 on the self-expanding jig 40 facilitate expansion and contraction of the self-expanding jig 40.

[0048] In some embodiments, a hand-held boss 42 is provided at the upper end of the self-expanding drill jig 40. The outer diameter of the hand-held boss 42 is larger than the outer diameter of the body of the self-expanding drill jig 40. The outer diameter of the hand-held boss 42 is also larger than the inner diameter of the concentric lightening hole 21. The hand-held boss 42 can limit the depth of the self-expanding drill jig 40 in the concentric lightening hole 21. In addition, it is convenient for the user to hold the hand-held boss 42 to place the self-expanding drill jig 40 in the concentric lightening hole 21 of the workpiece, or to remove the self-expanding drill jig 40 from the concentric lightening hole 21; a limiting boss 43 is provided at the inner bottom of the mounting hole 41, and the limiting boss 43 can limit the depth of the expansion chuck 11 extending into the mounting hole 41.

[0049] In some embodiments, a plurality of mounting holes 41 are provided in the self-expanding jig 40, the side walls of two adjacent mounting holes 41 are interconnected, and the axes of the plurality of mounting holes 41 are arranged parallel to each other. For example, a self-expanding jig 40 is provided with two mounting holes 41, and a through groove 46 is provided on the side wall between the two mounting holes 41, which facilitates the expansion and contraction of the two mounting holes 41. Alternatively, a self-expanding jig 40 is provided with three mounting holes 41 distributed along a straight line. During design, the self-expanding jig 40 can be provided with an open groove 45 from one side to the other, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the right end of the opening slot 45 is an open end, and the self-expanding drilling template 40 is symmetrically arranged with respect to the center plane of the opening slot 45 . Figures 3 to 5 The dimensions of the self-expanding drilling template 40 shown in FIG. 4 are merely examples, and the units are millimeters. In addition, the relevant dimensions may also be changed according to actual needs.

[0050] It should be noted that, in this specification, relational terms such as first and second are merely used to distinguish one entity from other entities, but do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities.

[0051] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0052] The above is a detailed introduction to the drilling method and equipment provided by the present invention. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only intended to help understand the core concept of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various improvements and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drilling method, characterized in that: include: Presetting a plurality of concentric lightening holes on the workpiece, wherein the concentric lightening holes are blind holes; A self-expanding jig is placed in the blind hole, wherein a mounting hole for cooperating with an expansion chuck is provided in the self-expanding jig, an open groove is provided on the side wall of the self-expanding jig, a plurality of mounting holes are provided in the self-expanding jig, and a through groove is provided on the side wall between two adjacent mounting holes; Controlling the expansion chuck of the automatic feed drill to move into the blind hole and tightening the expansion chuck against the inner wall of the blind hole; The drill bit of the automatic feed drill is activated to drill a rivet hole in the bottom of the blind hole, the rivet hole being coaxial with the concentric relief hole.

2. The drilling method according to claim 1, wherein: The diameter of the concentric lightening hole is D1=D+0.05mm, where dimension D is the diameter of the expansion chuck when it is contracted; the depth of the concentric lightening hole is H=t-t1, and is not less than 8mm, where dimension t is the thickness of the workpiece and dimension t1 is the depth of the rivet hole.

3. The drilling method according to claim 1, wherein: A hand-held boss is provided at the upper end of the self-expanding drill template, and the outer diameter of the hand-held boss is larger than the outer diameter of the body of the self-expanding drill template.

4. The drilling method according to claim 3, characterized in that: A limiting boss is provided on the inner bottom of the mounting hole.

5. The drilling method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The diameter of the mounting hole is D2=D+0.05mm, where dimension D is the diameter of the expansion chuck when it is contracted; the width of the opening groove is 2mm; the outer diameter of the body of the self-expanding drill jig is D3=D1-0.05mm, where dimension D1 is the diameter of the concentric lightening hole; the outer diameter of the handheld boss is 4mm larger than the outer diameter of the body of the self-expanding drill jig; the height of the limiting boss is 10mm, and the inner hole diameter of the limiting boss is 20mm.

6. A drilling device for implementing the drilling method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The drilling equipment includes: an automatic feed drill, which includes an expansion chuck and a drill bit. The expansion chuck is used to tighten on the inner wall of the concentric lightening hole of the workpiece. The concentric lightening hole is a blind hole. The drill bit is used to drill a rivet hole at the bottom of the blind hole.

7. The drilling equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that The drilling equipment also includes a self-expanding drill jig, which is provided with a mounting hole for cooperating with the expansion chuck. The side wall of the self-expanding drill jig is provided with an open groove, and an avoidance groove is provided on the side of the mounting hole away from the open groove.

8. The drilling equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that A hand-held boss is provided at the upper end of the self-expanding drill template, and the outer diameter of the hand-held boss is larger than the outer diameter of the body of the self-expanding drill template; a limiting boss is provided at the inner bottom of the mounting hole.

9. The drilling equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that A plurality of mounting holes are provided in the self-expanding drilling jig, side walls of two adjacent mounting holes are communicated with each other, and axes of the plurality of mounting holes are arranged parallel to each other.

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