Water desalination-drying-salt extraction integrated system and method based on solar energy supply

Abstract

The invention discloses a water desalination-drying-salt extraction integrated system and method based on solar energy supply. The system comprises a solar vacuum tube water desalination system, a solar primary and secondary integrated drying system, a valley electricity auxiliary solar salt extraction-water desalination system and a control system. The solar vacuum tube water desalination system is connected with the valley electricity-assisted solar salt extraction-water desalination system and conveys a concentrated solution to the valley electricity-assisted solar salt extraction-water desalination system; the solar vacuum tube water desalination system is connected with the solar primary and secondary integrated drying system and conveys dry and hot air to the solar primary and secondary integrated drying system. The system is driven by solar energy to desalinate water and dry agricultural or fishery products in the daytime, and the purposes of producing fresh water, obtaining a concentrated solution and drying fresh materials are synchronously achieved; the concentrated solution is further distilled by using valley electricity in the night valley electricity price period, so that the purposes of producing fresh water and obtaining the deep concentrated solution are synchronously realized; on the next day, in the sunrise-sunset period, a passive solar distillation structure is used for deeply extracting moisture in the concentrated solution, and then fresh water and salt-containing byproducts are synchronously obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cascade diversified and efficient utilization of solar energy, and in particular to an integrated system and method for desalination-drying-salt extraction based on solar energy supply. Background Art

[0002] Freshwater resources are the material basis for human survival and development. On the one hand, the proportion of directly usable freshwater resources in the world is very small, while the demand for freshwater in human society is increasing year by year, resulting in a continuously intensified contradiction between supply and demand of global freshwater resources; on the other hand, the spatial distribution of freshwater resources in my country is uneven, resulting in regional contradictions between supply and demand. Therefore, solving the contradiction between supply and demand of freshwater resources is an urgent task for my country and even the world.

[0003] First, desalination of seawater / brackish water / chemical plant wastewater is one of the effective measures to solve the contradiction between regional freshwater supply and demand, while traditional methods consume a lot of fossil or electric energy. In order to overcome the high energy consumption of traditional desalination methods and the lack of regional fossil or electric energy, solar energy efficient desalination technology can be vigorously developed in areas with abundant solar energy resources.

[0004] Secondly, most of the brackish water areas on land belong to agricultural and animal husbandry production areas, and drying is a necessary and important part of the agricultural and animal husbandry production process. There are also many agricultural production areas around chemical plants, which also have drying needs. In addition, Gansu, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Ningxia have large brackish water reserves and abundant solar energy resources, while the island areas have huge seawater reserves and abundant solar energy resources. Therefore, the above-mentioned areas can realize solar-driven desalination and drying integrated operation.

[0005] Finally, in the process of using solar energy to desalinate brackish water / seawater / chemical plant wastewater, not only fresh water can be produced, but also concentrated liquid can be produced. The concentrated liquid is an invalid product. If it is not treated, it will pollute the environment or generate secondary treatment fees. Therefore, based on the sensible heat carried by the concentrated liquid, the method of combining valley electricity with a passive solar distillation structure to continuously and efficiently evaporate the water in the concentrated liquid can further obtain a large amount of fresh water, and can also deeply extract salt-containing byproducts with certain economic value.

[0006] In summary, the development of an efficient integrated desalination-drying-salt extraction system based on solar energy is of great significance to solving the contradiction between supply and demand of freshwater resources, improving the utilization rate of solar energy, and improving the economy of the system.

[0007] A solar-based desalinated water and hot water coupling system (application number: 2018108221424) uses a smooth vaporization surface solar vacuum tube for direct heating distillation to simultaneously produce high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor and hot water. The internal cavity of the solar vacuum tube is divided into a stuffy cavity and an empty cavity by the raw water surface, and the vaporization surface is the inner surface of the solar vacuum tube and the vapor-liquid interface corresponding to the stuffy cavity. The high-temperature and high-pressure steam condensation link achieves the dual purposes of "fresh water production" and "waste heat recovery to produce hot water". On the one hand, the smooth vaporization surface solar vacuum tube distillation technology combines the advantages of traditional passive and active solar distillation technologies, and its water production / heat performance is relatively good, but it still does not have the unit water production required for large-scale application. Ultimately, it is caused by the low boiling vaporization intensity of the vacuum tube vaporization cavity (essentially the small number of vaporization surface foaming cores and the low steam bubble nucleation / detachment rate). On the other hand, the system uses water as the condensing medium and can only use "recovered heat" to produce hot water with unstable temperature, and cannot be used in the agricultural / animal husbandry / fishery drying field that has strict requirements on the temperature of the drying medium. In addition, the system does not consider the post-processing of the concentrate and the cleaning of the dirt in the vaporization chamber. The thickness of the scale on the vaporization surface will continue to increase, which will affect the heat transfer efficiency of the vaporization surface, resulting in a continuous decrease in the vaporization rate and solar energy utilization rate.

[0008] In order to increase the unit water output, a solar thermal film coupled desalination water device (application number: 2020109893996) came into being. First, the device uses a double-pass solar vacuum tube for thermal distillation. A microporous dropper and a high-temperature resistant hydrophilic fiber coated on the microporous dropper are set inside the double-pass solar vacuum tube. Although the vaporization intensity is relatively improved, a new vaporization surface is added, resulting in an increase in system complexity, failure rate and initial investment cost; secondly, the device still does not consider the problem of concentrated liquid treatment, and the vaporization rate and solar energy utilization rate will continue to decrease and eventually block the microporous dropper; finally, the device uses a thermal film coupling method, which improves the utilization rate of solar energy, but only has the function of desalinating water. Summary of the invention

[0009] In order to meet the above-mentioned related application needs and solve related technical problems, the present invention provides an integrated desalination-drying-salt extraction system and method based on solar energy power supply.

[0010] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is:

[0011] Provided is a solar-powered integrated desalination-drying-salt extraction system, including a solar vacuum tube desalination system, a solar main-and-quilt integrated drying system, a valley power-assisted solar salt extraction-desalination system and a control system;

[0012] The solar vacuum tube desalination water system is connected to the valley power assisted solar salt extraction-desalination water system, and the concentrated liquid is transported thereto, so that the concentrated liquid is separated into low-temperature liquid fresh water and salt-containing byproducts in the valley power assisted solar salt extraction-desalination water system;

[0013] The solar vacuum tube desalination water system is connected to the solar main-quilt integrated drying system, and hot dry air is delivered to the system, so that the hot dry air dries the materials in the solar main-quilt integrated drying system;

[0014] The control system controls the operation of the entire system.

[0015] Furthermore, the solar vacuum tube desalination water system is a micro-hole structure solar vacuum tube desalination water system, which is composed of a liquid level control unit, a micro-hole structure solar evaporation unit, a phase change condensation heat recovery device and a fresh water collection bottle connected in series.

[0016] Furthermore, the liquid level control unit includes a water tank, which is supported by a bracket; a liquid level sensor is provided in the water tank, and water is supplied to the water tank through a liquid level control connecting pipeline;

[0017] Alternatively, the micro-hole structure type solar evaporation unit comprises a header and a plurality of micro-hole structure type solar vacuum tubes, and the header is connected to the bottom of each micro-hole structure type solar vacuum tube;

[0018] Alternatively, the phase change condensation heat recovery device includes a steam channel corresponding to each fine hole structure solar vacuum tube, and the two sides of the steam channel are air ducts. The wind passing through the air duct can enter the solar main and quilt integrated drying chamber under the transportation and regulation of dry hot air and regulating wind units; a phase change-condensation temperature control cavity is also arranged between the air duct and the steam channel, and a fresh water collection cavity is connected to the bottom of the phase change-condensation temperature control cavity, and a fresh water collection bottle is connected to the bottom of the fresh water collection cavity.

[0019] Furthermore, the header includes a header body and blocking plates connected to both sides of the header body, the header body is provided with three concentrated liquid discharge pipes and connection ports corresponding to the fine cavity structure type solar vacuum tubes one by one, the concentrated liquid discharge pipes are provided in the middle of the header body in the front-to-back direction and are arranged with equal arcs;

[0020] Alternatively, the header is supported by a front bracket, and the fine cavity structure type solar vacuum tube is supported by a rear bracket, the front bracket is provided with a plurality of header support slots, the header support slots are connected to angle steel oblique legs, the angle steel oblique legs are connected to the front support, and the header support slot of the front bracket in the middle is provided with a concentrated liquid discharge pipe position adjustment slot; the height of the rear bracket is adjustable;

[0021] Alternatively, a steam nozzle is provided between the steam channel and the steam outlet pipe of the corresponding fine cavity structure type solar vacuum tube;

[0022] Alternatively, the fresh water collection chamber is a semi-conical shape that is larger in the front and smaller in the back and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the phase change condensation-temperature control chamber. The cavity is connected to all steam channels and has a certain inclination from back to front.

[0023] Furthermore, the solar main quilt integrated drying system is sequentially composed of a wet heat recovery device, a phase change condensation heat recovery device, a dry hot air delivery and regulation fan unit, a solar main quilt integrated drying chamber, a wet hot air drainage and regulation fan unit, a square air duct, a wet hot air pressurization and regulation fan connected in series through a connecting flange, and also includes a bracket group;

[0024] The phase change condensation heat recovery device is connected to the fine hole structure type solar energy evaporation unit.

[0025] Furthermore, the humid heat recovery device is located above the humid hot air pressurizing and regulating fan, and includes a dehumidifying dust filter, an air collecting port, a preheating air channel and a humid hot air channel. The dehumidifying dust filter is installed at the air collecting port, and the preheating air channel is provided with a plurality of humid hot air channels. The preheating air channels are fully open on the left and right sides of the cavity structure, and the preheating air channels on both sides are connected to the humid hot air outlet, and the preheating air channel in the middle is connected to the humid hot air inlet, and the humid hot air inlet is connected to the fine cavity structure type solar energy evaporation unit, and the humid hot air pressurizing and regulating fan is located at the humid hot air inlet;

[0026] Alternatively, the upper part of the solar main and quilt integrated drying chamber is provided with a double-layer light-transmitting tempered glass facing due south and installed tilted according to the local latitude, which is fixedly supported by a light-transmitting surface support member, and the lower part is connected to the moist hot air drainage and regulating fan unit. The solar main and quilt integrated drying chamber is provided with a material tray slide rail bracket. Under the joint regulation of the dry hot air supply and regulating fan unit and the moist hot air drainage and regulating fan unit, the dry hot air flows into the drying chamber through the dry hot air inlet and is discharged through the moist hot air outlet.

[0027] Furthermore, the valley power-assisted solar salt extraction and desalination water system is composed of a micro-hole structure type solar evaporation unit, a concentrate processing unit and a fresh water collection unit connected in series in sequence, and the concentrate discharge pipeline of the manifold is connected to the micro-hole structure type solar vacuum tube desalination water unit and the concentrate processing unit, which can fully utilize the sensible heat carried by the concentrate produced by the micro-hole structure type solar vacuum tube desalination water link, and use valley power and passive solar distillation structure to continuously and efficiently evaporate the water in the concentrate in different time periods.

[0028] Furthermore, the concentrated liquid processing unit includes a concentrated liquid discharge pipeline, a concentrated liquid processing tank and a passive solar distillation structure; one end of the concentrated liquid discharge pipeline is connected to the concentrated liquid discharge pipe of the header, and the other end is connected to the concentrated liquid processing tank;

[0029] The concentrated liquid treatment tank is an underground tank body, and a forward stirring impeller and a reverse stirring impeller are arranged inside;

[0030] The passive solar distillation structure includes a supporting and insulating enclosure structure extending from the outside of the concentrated liquid treatment tank, with a double layer of light-transmitting tempered glass on the top. A condensing fan unit is provided above the double layer of light-transmitting tempered glass, and the lifting process of the double layer of light-transmitting tempered glass is supported and controlled by a hydraulic lifting mechanism.

[0031] Furthermore, the fresh water collection unit includes a fresh water collection tank and a fresh water supply unit. The fresh water collection tank is used to store fresh water collected by the water collecting arc plate. It is an underground rectangular water reservoir and is connected to the passive solar distillation structure through a water pipe. The water pipe includes a vertical part and an inclined part.

[0032] The method of desalination-drying-salt extraction by an integrated system comprises:

[0033] System integration method: Solar desalination, solar drying and valley electricity-assisted solar deep salt extraction-desalination are tightly coupled to achieve the cascaded and diversified coupled utilization of solar energy;

[0034] Pool boiling vaporization performance enhancement method: adopt the multi-effect enhancement method of hydrophobic modification of vaporization surface to construct micro-hole structure, and construct the vaporization surface of the inner wall of solar vacuum tube with the best contact angle, the best micro-hole structure shape and the best combination of characteristic size;

[0035] Dry hot air temperature control method: adopt the method of controlling the air volume by mutual feedback of the inlet and outlet temperatures of the phase change condensation heat recovery device, and use the hot and humid air discharged from the solar main and integrated drying chamber to preheat the dry cold air, so as to preliminarily improve the solar energy utilization rate and the temperature of the preheated dry air entering the inlet of the air duct of the phase change condensation heat recovery device;

[0036] Method for separating salty by-products: A multi-means time-sequential separation method is adopted to remove water from the concentrate during the night-time valley electricity price period based on the sensible heat carried by the concentrate produced by the micro-cavity structure solar vacuum tube to obtain a preliminary concentrate; during the daytime of the next day, a passive solar distillation method is further used to heat the preliminary concentrate to remove the remaining water in the concentrate to obtain anhydrous salty by-products.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] 1. A multi-effect strengthening method of constructing a micro-cavity structure by hydrophobic modification is adopted. A micro-cavity structure with the best shape and the best characteristic size combination is constructed at the vaporization surface according to the usage scenario, and the vaporization surface inside the vaporization cavity is hydrophobically modified to greatly increase the number of foaming cores on the vaporization surface and the steam bubble nucleation / detachment rate, thereby improving the pool boiling vaporization intensity and the heat transfer coefficient;

[0039] 2. Use the phase change condensation heat recovery temperature control method to simultaneously achieve the purpose of high-temperature steam condensation water production, on-demand production of constant temperature hot dry air and low-temperature phase change heat storage. On the one hand, select appropriate phase change heat storage materials according to the type of fresh materials, and then adjust the temperature of the hot dry air entering the hot dry air inlet to an appropriate range to achieve efficient, high-quality drying and efficient use of solar energy. The specific process is to first use the hot and humid air discharged from the drying chamber to preheat the dry cold air to obtain preheated dry air, and then use the recovered "condensation heat" to heat the preheated dry air at a constant temperature;

[0040] 3. The highly efficient integrated desalination water-drying-salt extraction system based on solar energy supply realizes the cascaded diversified coupling utilization of solar energy, and the solar desalination water link, solar drying link and valley electricity assisted solar salt extraction-desalination water link are tightly coupled. Among them, the phase change condensation heat recovery device couples the micro-hole structure type solar vacuum tube desalination water and the solar main integrated drying link, and the micro-hole structure type solar evaporation unit (the concentrated liquid discharge pipeline of the manifold) couples the micro-hole structure type solar vacuum tube desalination water and the valley electricity assisted solar deep salt extraction-desalination water link, which greatly improves the solar energy utilization rate, operation reliability and system economy, realizes functional diversification, and has strong universal applicability;

[0041] 4. Based on the sensible heat carried by the concentrated liquid generated in the micro-hole structure solar vacuum tube, the valley electricity is used to drive the wall-attached electric heating plate to evaporate the water in the concentrated liquid at night, and the fresh water is collected in the fresh water collection pool to achieve further concentration and fresh water production. During the day of the next day, the passive solar distillation method is used to further evaporate the water in the concentrated liquid, and the fresh water is also collected in the fresh water collection pool, and the salt-containing byproducts with certain economic value are deeply extracted. This process not only further improves the utilization rate of solar energy, but also further improves the economy and practical value of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0043] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 It is the three-view drawing of the liquid level control unit;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a micro-hole structure solar evaporation unit;

[0046] Figure 4 This is the three-view drawing of the header;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a diagram of the cross-sectional shape type of the micro-cavity structure;

[0048] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the characteristic dimensions of the cross section of the micro-cavity structure;

[0049] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the front bracket;

[0050] Figure 8 It is a partial view of the rear bracket;

[0051] Fig. 9 This is the three-view diagram of the phase change condensation heat recovery device;

[0052] Fig.10 This is the three-view drawing of the wet heat recovery device;

[0053] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the dry hot air supply and conditioning fan unit;

[0054] Fig.12 Three views of the solar main and quilt integrated drying room;

[0055] Fig.13 It is the three-view drawing of the material tray;

[0056] Fig.14 Three-view drawing of the fan unit for hot and humid air drainage and regulation;

[0057] Fig.15 This is a schematic diagram of the valley power-assisted solar salt extraction and water desalination system;

[0058] Fig.16 It is the schematic diagram of energy and mass transfer;

[0059] Fig.17 It is a position map.

[0060] In the figure:

[0061] Ⅰ-Micro-cavity structure solar vacuum tube desalination water system

[0062] 1-Liquid level control unit;

[0063] 11- water storage tank, 12- liquid level sensor, 13- liquid level control connecting pipeline;

[0064] 2- Micro-hole structure solar evaporation unit;

[0065] 21-header, 22-micro cavity structure type solar vacuum tube, 23-front bracket, 24-rear bracket;

[0066] 211-header body, 212-blocking plate, 213-concentrate discharge pipe, 214-connection port;

[0067] 231-header support slot, 232-angle steel oblique support leg, 233-front support, 234-concentrate discharge pipe position adjustment slot;

[0068] 3-Phase change condensation heat recovery device;

[0069] 31-steam channel, 32-air duct, 33-phase change-condensation temperature control chamber, 34-fresh water collection chamber;

[0070] 311-steam nozzle;

[0071] 4-Fresh water collection bottle;

[0072] Ⅱ-Solar main quilt integrated drying system

[0073] 5-Wet heat recovery device;

[0074] 51-dehumidification dust filter, 52-air collecting port, 53-preheating air channel, 54-humid hot air channel;

[0075] 6- Dry hot air delivery and regulating fan unit;

[0076] 7- Solar main and quilt integrated drying room;

[0077] 71-Double-layer light-transmitting tempered glass, 72-Material tray slide rail bracket;

[0078] 8-Moist and hot air drainage and regulating fan unit;

[0079] 9-Square air duct;

[0080] 10-Hot and humid air pressurization and regulating fan;

[0081] Ⅲ-Valley electricity assisted solar salt extraction and desalination water system

[0082] 111- concentrate processing unit, 112- fresh water collection unit;

[0083] IV-Control system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0084] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the relevant invention, rather than to limit the invention. It is also necessary to explain that, for ease of description, only the parts related to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0085] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0086] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a desalination-drying-salt extraction integrated system based on solar energy supply, which consists of four parts: solar vacuum tube desalination system, solar main and integrated drying system II, valley power assisted solar salt extraction-desalination system III and control system. In this embodiment, the solar vacuum tube desalination system is a micro-cavity structure solar vacuum tube 22 desalination system I.

[0087] 1: The structural characteristics, functions and assembly methods of each system are described in detail as follows:

[0088] (1) Micro-cavity structure solar vacuum tube 22 desalination water system Ⅰ

[0089] The micro-hole structure type solar vacuum tube 22 desalination water system I is composed of a liquid level control unit 1, a micro-hole structure type solar evaporation unit 2, a phase change condensation heat recovery device 3 and a fresh water collection bottle 4 connected in series.

[0090] 1) Liquid level control unit 1: Figure 1 and 2 The liquid level control unit 1 is composed of a water tank 11, a liquid level sensor 12, a water replenishment device, a liquid level control connecting pipe 13 and a bracket. The water tank 11 is in the shape of a trapezoidal long groove with a wide top and a narrow bottom in the front-to-back direction. The wide top structure can reduce the start-stop frequency of the water replenishment pump, and the narrow bottom structure can reduce the total weight of the water tank 11. The length of the water tank 11 in the front-to-back direction is equivalent to the length of the header 21 to assist in reducing the frequency of water replenishment. The normal water storage capacity is equivalent to the water capacity of the solar evaporation unit group. The liquid level of the water tank 11 is controlled by the liquid level sensor 12 and the water replenishment device, and then the liquid level in the fine cavity structure type solar vacuum tube 22 is adjusted to the theoretical range through the liquid level control connecting pipe 13. The theoretical liquid level is between the lowest liquid level line and the highest liquid level line, which can not only maintain the driving force to drive the high-temperature steam to flow out on demand, but also prevent the salt from overflowing through the steam outlet and causing fresh water pollution.

[0091] 2) Micro-hole structure solar evaporation unit 2: Figure 3, which is composed of a header 21, a micro-hole structure solar vacuum tube, a front bracket 23 and a rear bracket 24. The header 21 is connected to the bottom of the micro-hole structure solar vacuum tube 22 and the two are connected. Among them, the micro-hole structure solar vacuum tube 22, the front bracket 23 and the rear bracket 24 correspond to each other. The front bracket 23 is used to support the header 21, and the rear bracket 24 is used to support the micro-hole structure solar vacuum tube 22. In this embodiment, there is one header 21, and there are nine solar vacuum tubes and nine front and rear brackets 24.

[0092] like Figure 4 The manifold 21 includes a manifold body 211 and plugging plates 212 located on both sides thereof. The two plugging plates 212 are connected to the manifold body 211 through flanges. The plugging plate 212 on one side is used to clean the dirt on the inner wall of the manifold 21, and a connecting pipe is provided in the center of the plugging plate 212 on the other side. Nine solar vacuum tube connection ports 214 and three concentrated liquid discharge pipes 213 are provided at the manifold body 211. The concentrated liquid discharge pipes 213 are all provided in the middle position of the manifold body 211 in the front-to-back direction and are arranged with equal arcs, namely, the concentrated liquid discharge pipe in winter (the solar altitude angle is the smallest throughout the year), the concentrated liquid discharge pipe in spring / autumn (the solar altitude angle is in the middle throughout the year), and the concentrated liquid discharge pipe in summer (the solar altitude angle is the largest throughout the year). The corresponding concentrated liquid discharge pipe 213 is switched for use in different seasons. After the water production stops on the operating day, the concentrated liquid is discharged to the concentrated liquid treatment pool. The other two concentrated liquid discharge pipes 213 are blocked with plugs during the idle period.

[0093] The micro-hole structure solar vacuum tube is a metal-glass double-pass vacuum tube. The inner surface of the inner metal tube is engraved with a micro-hole structure, which acts as a vaporization surface, and the outer glass tube can transmit solar radiation energy. The vacuum tube is composed of an inspection port, a pressurization chamber, a vaporization chamber and a raw water port from top to bottom. The inspection port is detachably sealed with a plug in a threaded form. The inner cavity of the vacuum tube is divided into a vaporization chamber and a pressurization chamber by the salt water level, and the pressurization chamber is located at the upper part of the vaporization chamber. Among them, a steam outlet pipe is provided at the top of the pressurization chamber. The real-time volume of the pressurization chamber is regulated by the liquid level of the water storage tank 11, and changes dynamically back and forth with the evaporation time within a set range. It is a cavity surrounded by the inner surface of the micro-hole structure solar vacuum tube 22, the real-time liquid level line and the inner surface of the plug. The real-time liquid level line is located between the highest liquid level line and the lowest liquid level line. The vaporization surface of the vaporization cavity is cross-cut with spiral micro-hole structures and linear micro-hole structures by laser engraving and other appropriate means, and is evenly cross-cut along the axial direction, so as to increase the number of foaming cores and the steam bubble nucleation / detachment rate on the vaporization surface. The cross-sectional shape of the micro-hole structure can be Figure 5 One of the eight types shown, with characteristic dimensions such as Figure 6As shown, the cross-sectional shape and characteristic size of the micro-cavity structure can be optimized and adjusted within an appropriate range according to the solar radiation and meteorological conditions of different application areas. In this embodiment, the depth (H) is taken as 0.3 times the thickness (s), the opening width (D) is taken as 0.3s, and the center distance (L) is taken as 0.6s. The raw water outlet can be manually inserted into or pulled out of the connection port 214 of the header 21, and an I-shaped sealing ring is used for sealing during connection.

[0094] like Figure 7 The front bracket 23 is divided into two types: the front bracket 23 at the center position and the front bracket 23 at the non-center position. There is a total of one front bracket 23 at the center position, corresponding to the middle fine cavity structure type solar vacuum tube 22, including four angle steel oblique legs 232, four front supports 233 and a header support groove 231. The bottom end of the angle steel oblique legs 232 and the front supports 233 are detachably connected by bolts. The header support groove 231 is arc-shaped and welded to the top of the angle steel oblique legs 232. Its projected arc is concentric with the circle where the cross section of the header 21 is located, and it can just fully contact support the header 21. The center position of the header support groove 231 is provided with a concentrated liquid discharge orientation adjustment notch, which cooperates with the rear bracket 24 to adjust the installation inclination of the fine cavity structure type solar vacuum tube 22 according to the season. There are eight non-central front brackets 23, corresponding to the eight micro-hole structure solar vacuum tubes 22 on both sides of the middle position. Except that the concentrated liquid discharge pipe orientation adjustment slot 234 is not provided at the center position of the header support slot 231, the other structures and dimensions are exactly the same as the central front bracket 23.

[0095] like Figure 1 and Figure 8 The rear bracket 24 cooperates with the header 21 to support the micro-hole structure type solar vacuum tube 22, and is composed of a rear support, a height adjustment rod, a rear bracket 24 connector and a fastening pad. Among them, the rear support mainly plays a supporting and installation angle adjustment role. In addition, front and rear locks in winter, front and rear locks in spring / autumn, and front and rear locks in summer are provided, which are respectively used to connect the height adjustment rod of the rear bracket 24 and the rear support in different seasons. The height adjustment rod of the rear bracket 24 mainly plays a supporting and height adjustment role, and is composed of an upper small rod and a lower large rod connected by a nut and a lock buckle. The upper small rod and the lower large rod are both hollow square tubes, and the lower large rod is provided with winter high and low locks, spring / autumn high and low locks, and summer high and low locks. The fastening pad is located between the rear bracket 24 connector and the outer surface of the micro-hole structure type solar vacuum tube 22, and plays a tightening role. The rear bracket 24 connector is used to connect the micro-hole structure solar vacuum tube 22 and the height adjustment rod of the rear bracket 24, and is detachably and rotatably connected to the upper small rod of the height connection rod through a screw-nut member.

[0096] 3) Phase change condensation heat recovery device 3: The phase change condensation heat recovery device 3 is located on the right side of the wet heat recovery device 5, and the two are connected by a connecting flange. A rectifying protection net is provided between the connecting flanges to make the flow field uniform and prevent debris from mixing into the fan blades and causing malfunctions. The phase change condensation heat recovery device 3 is located on the left side of the dry hot air conveying and regulating fan unit 6, and is connected by adding a rectifying protection net between the two connecting flanges. The phase change condensation heat recovery device 3 consists of a steam channel 31, an air duct 32, a phase change condensation-temperature control chamber and a fresh water collection chamber 34. Two phase change condensation-temperature control chambers are symmetrically arranged on both sides of each steam channel 31, and a common heat exchange surface is provided between each steam channel 31 and the phase change condensation-temperature control chamber adjacent thereto, and the other heat exchange surface of each phase change condensation-temperature control chamber is shared with the adjacent air duct 32. In addition, the non-heat exchange surface shells are all thermal insulation sealing surfaces.

[0097] The center plane of the steam channel 31 in the front-to-back direction is the same plane as the center plane of the corresponding micro-hole structure type solar vacuum tube 22 in the front-to-back direction, and the steam channel 31 corresponds to the micro-hole structure type solar vacuum tube 22 one by one. The interior of the steam channel 31 is a rectangular parallelepiped cavity. The front and rear sides of each steam channel 31 are heat exchange surfaces, the left and right directions are insulation sealing surfaces, three steam nozzles 311 are evenly arranged in the left and right directions on the upper part, and the lower part is a rectangular fully open port connected to the fresh water collection chamber 34. The steam outlet pipe between the steam channel 31 and the corresponding micro-hole structure type solar vacuum tube 22 also includes a steam nozzle 311, a steam flow sensor, an electric valve, a steam diverter, an electric valve and a pressure sensor connected in sequence by a high-temperature resistant insulation steam pipe with a suitable pipe diameter. The pressure sensor and the electric valve-4 control the steam pressure in the pressurized chamber in real time in an appropriate range. When the steam pressure in the pressurized chamber is less than the minimum value, the electric valve-4 automatically adjusts the opening to a smaller degree. After the steam pressure in the pressurized chamber gradually increases, the opening of the electric valve-4 will be dynamically increased. Under the linkage control of the steam flow sensor 1-3 and the electric valve 5-7, the steam diverter can evenly divide the total flow of high-temperature and high-pressure steam flowing out of the steam outlet pipe to the three steam nozzles 311. The part of the steam nozzle 311 extending into the steam channel 31 is a triangular cavity with a thickness slightly smaller than the thickness of the steam channel 31 in the front and rear directions, which can further diffuse the high-temperature and high-pressure steam to the left and right directions of the steam channel 31. The three side-by-side steam nozzles 311 can ensure that the inflow steam can fully cover the entire steam channel 31 in the left and right directions after diffusion. On both sides of the bottom surface of the steam channel 31 are tiny chamfered surfaces set at a certain angle to the common heat exchange surface in the front and rear directions. A large number of small nozzles are evenly and densely arranged at a certain interval in the left and right directions perpendicular to the chamfered surfaces, which can spray high-temperature steam to the common heat exchange surface for condensation and heat release, and the heat is quickly transmitted to the phase change-condensation temperature control chamber 33, thereby simultaneously achieving the dual purposes of condensation water production and phase change heat storage. The fresh water generated after condensation will flow downward along the common heat exchange surface and further cool down. The low-temperature liquid fresh water will eventually flow to the fresh water collecting chamber 34 and finally flow into the fresh water collecting bottle 4 after being collected.

[0098] Adjacent air ducts 32 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the steam channel 31 corresponding thereto, and a phase change-condensation temperature control cavity 33 is also arranged between the steam channel 31. The interior of the air duct 32 is also a rectangular cavity, the length in the front-to-back direction is greater than the length in the front-to-back direction of the steam channel 31, and the dimensions in other directions are the same as those of the steam channel 31. The left and right directions of each air duct 32 are completely open, which are the preheated dry air inlet and the dry hot air outlet respectively. The front-to-back direction is a common heat exchange surface (except for the wall surface of the air duct 32 on both sides), and the upper and lower surfaces are both heat-insulating sealing surfaces. When the preheated dry air flows out from the outlet of the wet heat recovery device 5 and flows into the air duct 32, the phase change latent heat stored in the phase change condensation-temperature control cavity is heated to a suitable temperature, and under the conveying and regulating action of the dry hot air conveying and regulating fan unit 6, it flows through the solar main and quilt integrated drying chamber 7 in a certain proportion in the up-down direction and the front-to-back direction at the same time, so as to completely remove the moisture in the fresh material.

[0099] The phase change condensation-temperature control cavity is a rectangular cavity with inverted herringbone-shaped enhanced heat exchange oblique ribs symmetrically arranged on the heat exchange surface in the front and rear directions. Its length in the front and rear directions is slightly smaller than the length of the air duct 32 in the front and rear directions, and the length in other directions is the same as the steam channel 31. A phase change material filling port is opened at the center of the upper wall of each phase change condensation-temperature control cavity, which is used to inject high-temperature liquid phase change heat storage material into the phase change condensation-temperature control cavity. When the phase change heat storage material is filled, it is sealed with a sealing cover. The front and rear directions are common heat exchange surfaces, and other positions are thermal insulation sealing surfaces. The phase change condensation-temperature control cavity simultaneously achieves the triple purposes of high-temperature steam condensation to produce water, on-demand heating of "preheated dry air", and heat storage, and scientifically couples the solar water desalination and solar drying processes.

[0100] The fresh water collection chamber 34 is a semi-conical cavity that is larger in the front and smaller in the back and is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the phase change condensation-temperature control chamber. It serves as the arc-shaped bottom surface of the phase change condensation heat recovery device 3 and is a heat preservation sealing surface. The cavity is connected to all steam channels 31 and has a 3° inclination angle from back to front, which can achieve the purpose of fresh water confluence and delivery to the fresh water collection bottle 4. A connecting pipe with an internal threaded port for connecting to the fresh water collection bottle 4 is set at the center of the arc surface at the lower front end of the fresh water collection chamber 34. A ball valve for cutting off the fresh water flow when replacing the fresh water collection bottle 4 is also installed at the connecting pipe. The four corners of the horizontal bottom surface (the bottom surface part except the arc-shaped bottom surface) of the phase change condensation heat recovery device 3 are provided with bracket connectors, and the bracket can be connected to support the phase change condensation heat recovery device 3.

[0101] The fresh water collection bottle 4 is a special bottle, and the upper opening is an external thread interface, which is connected to the internal thread port extending from the fresh water collection chamber in a threaded connection form. In order to allow the fresh water in the fresh water collection chamber to flow continuously and smoothly into the fresh water collection bottle 4, an atmosphere connection port-2 with a valve is specially opened on the side of the fresh water collection bottle 4.

[0102] (2) Solar main quilt integrated drying system Ⅱ

[0103] like Figure 1 The solar main blanket integrated drying system II is composed of a wet heat recovery device 5, a phase change condensation heat recovery device 3, a dry hot air delivery and regulation fan unit 6, a solar main blanket integrated drying chamber 7, a wet hot air drainage and regulation fan unit 8, a square air duct 9, and a wet hot air pressurization and regulation fan 10 connected in series through connecting flanges (a rectifier protection net is set between the connecting flanges), and also includes a bracket group.

[0104] 1) Moist heat recovery device 5: The moist heat recovery device 5 is located on the left side of the phase change condensation heat recovery device 3 and is connected via a connecting flange. The moist heat recovery device 5 is located above the moist hot air pressurizing and regulating fan 10 and is connected by adding a rectifier protection net between the two connecting flanges. Fig.10 The moist heat recovery device 5 is composed of a dehumidification dust filter 51, an air collecting port 52, a preheating air channel 53 and a moist hot air channel 54. There are ten preheating air channels 53 and nine moist hot air channels 54. The five in the middle are upward inflow moist hot air channels 54, and the four on both sides are downward outflow moist hot air channels 54.

[0105] The dehumidification dust filter 51 is located at the leftmost side of the wet heat recovery device 5 and is detachably installed at the entrance of the air collecting port 52 using a snap. It mainly filters out moisture and aerosol particles in the dry cold air to ensure that clean dry cold air flows into the preheating air channel 53.

[0106] The air collecting port 52 plays the role of collecting clean, dry and cold air.

[0107] The two preheating air channels 53 on the far sides of the front and rear directions are rectangular cavities fully opened in the left and right directions. The surface biased to the middle is the common heat exchange surface between the preheating air channel 53 and the hot and humid air channel 54, and the other surfaces are heat-insulating sealing surfaces. The eight preheating air channels 53 between the two preheating air channels 53 on the far sides of the front and rear directions are cave-shaped cavities fully opened in the left and right directions. The front plane, the rear plane and the upper arc surface are the heat exchange surfaces shared with the hot and humid air channel 54, and the lower plane is the heat-insulating sealing surface. The preheating air channel 53 uses the heat carried by the hot and humid air to preheat the clean dry cold air flowing in from the air collecting port 52 to obtain preheated dry air, and further sends the preheated dry air to the inlet of the air duct 32 of the phase change condensation heat recovery device 3, and heats the preheated dry air to dry hot air with an ideal temperature in the air duct 32 of the phase change condensation heat recovery device 3.

[0108] The hot and humid air channel 54 is a connected cavity provided with a flow equalizing guide plate, and shares a heat exchange surface with the preheating air channel 53. The hot and humid air inlet and the hot and humid air outlet are both fully open rectangular openings. Under the regulation of the inlet flow equalizing guide plate, the hot and humid air flows upward evenly into the hot and humid air channel 54 through the five middle hot and humid air inlets, and under the regulation of the outlet flow equalizing guide plate, it flows downward evenly out of the hot and humid air outlet through the four hot and humid air channels 54 on both sides, and the humid and cold air flowing out of the hot and humid air outlet is finally discharged into the environment. The hot and humid air channel 54 is the flow channel of the hot and humid air. During the flow of the hot and humid air, the heat carried by the hot and humid air will be transferred to the clean dry and cold air flowing in from the air collecting port 52 through the heat exchange surface shared with the preheating air channel 53, and the preheated dry air will be discharged at the outlet of the preheating air channel 53.

[0109] 2) Hot and humid air pressurizing and regulating fan 10: The upper part of the hot and humid air pressurizing and regulating fan 10 is connected to the lower part of the moist heat recovery device 5 by adding a rectifying protective net between the two connecting flanges. The lower part of the hot and humid air pressurizing and regulating fan 10 is connected to the square air duct 9 by adding a rectifying protective net between the two connecting flanges. The hot and humid air pressurizing and regulating fan 10 is an independent six-blade frequency-modulated fan with connecting flanges on both sides in the upper and lower directions, and with a thermal insulation sealing enclosure structure around the front and back directions and the left and right directions. The fan speed is regulated by the temperature sensor at its lower end in a feedback manner. The higher the temperature of the hot and humid air, the smaller the fan speed is, so as to ensure that the heat carried by the hot and humid air can be fully recovered. When the temperature of the hot and humid air decreases, the fan speed will increase accordingly, providing sufficient heat for the dry cold air preheating process.

[0110] 3) Phase change condensation heat recovery device 3: Same as above.

[0111] 4) Dry hot air delivery and regulation fan unit 6: It mainly plays the role of delivering dry hot air to the drying room and regulating the dry hot air flow in different areas. Figure 1 and 11The connecting flange on the left side of the dry air delivery and regulation fan unit is connected to the connecting flange on the right side of the phase change condensation heat recovery device 3 by bolts, and a rectifier protection net is arranged between the two connecting flanges. The rectifier protection net includes a mesh body, a mesh frame and a sealing integrated pad, and the sealing integrated pad plays a sealing and rectifying role. The connecting flange on the right side of the dry air delivery and regulation fan unit is connected to the connecting flange at the dry hot air inlet of the solar main and quilt integrated drying chamber 7 by bolts, and a rectifier protection net is also arranged between the two connecting flanges. The dry hot air delivery and regulation fan unit 6 is surrounded by a protective structure with thermal insulation and sealing functions. There are two layers of 8 six-blade frequency-modulated fans with independently adjustable speeds in the upper and lower directions inside. The six-blade frequency-modulated fans are fixedly connected to the fan support structure, and reinforced keels fixedly connected to the surrounding protective structures are evenly arranged between the fans to improve stability. The speed of the six-blade frequency-modulated fans is mutually feedback-controlled by temperature sensors located at the material trays of the solar main and quilt integrated drying chamber 7, which are located downstream of each other. When the temperature of the hot dry air is higher than the set value (the phase change temperature of the phase change heat storage material), the fan speed is automatically adjusted down to ensure that the heat carried by the hot dry air can be fully utilized. When the temperature of the hot dry air is lower than the set value, the fan speed is automatically adjusted up to provide sufficient heat for the drying process of fresh materials.

[0112] 5) Solar main and quilt integrated drying chamber 7: Actively utilize the dry hot air sent from the dry hot air inlet by the dry hot air supply and conditioning air unit to dry specific fresh materials, and passively utilize the solar radiation energy entering from the double-layer light-transmitting glass to assist in drying specific fresh materials. Figure 1 and 12 , the left side of the solar main and quilt integrated drying chamber 7 is a hot and dry air inlet with a connecting flange. The right side and the rear side of the solar main and quilt integrated drying chamber 7 are both heat-insulating sealed enclosure structures. The front side of the solar main and quilt integrated drying chamber 7 is provided with a material tray pull-out sealing port, which is convenient for replacing materials in the material tray and is convenient for repair and maintenance. The upper part of the solar main and quilt integrated drying chamber 7 is provided with a double-layer light-transmitting tempered glass 71, which is fixedly supported by a light-transmitting surface support member and is installed facing due south and tilted according to the local latitude, so as to passively utilize solar energy to assist in drying fresh materials. The lower part of the solar main and quilt integrated drying chamber 7 is provided with a connecting flange, and is connected to the upper flange of the hot and humid air drainage and regulating fan unit 8 by bolts. Under the joint regulation of the hot and dry air supply and regulating fan unit and the hot and humid air drainage and regulating fan unit 8, the hot and dry air flows into the drying chamber through the hot and dry air inlet and is then discharged through the hot and humid air outlet. The cavity surrounded by the upper double-layer light-transmitting glass, the lower hot and humid air outlet, the left hot and dry air inlet, the front material tray pull-out seal, and the right and rear heat-insulating seal enclosure structure is the drying room for drying specific fresh materials. Six layers of material tray slide rail bracket groups are fixedly arranged inside the drying room, and each material tray slide rail bracket group includes five material tray slide rail brackets 72 arranged at equal intervals for supporting the material tray and serving as the roller slide rails at the bottom of the material tray.

[0113] like Figure 1 , 12 13, the material tray is a detachable component structure of the solar main and quilt integrated drying chamber 7. Five roller groups corresponding to the material tray slide rail bracket 72 are arranged at the bottom of the material tray. Each roller group includes 26 carbon fiber rollers arranged in a linear pattern with equal spacing, which realizes the rolling pull-out separation and assembly between the material tray and the solar main and quilt integrated drying chamber 7 to facilitate the material placement. The material tray storage rack is a stainless steel sheet with dense air flow holes. It is divided into 16 independent storage areas by five storage area partitions in the left and right directions and four storage area partitions in the front and back directions, which can improve the uniformity and stability of material distribution. The front side of the material tray is a sealing baffle with sealing and heat preservation functions and is provided with two pull-out handles for manual pull-out operation.

[0114] 6) Hot and humid air drainage and regulating fan unit 8: Figure 1 and 14 , the upper end of the hot and humid air drainage and regulating fan unit 8 is provided with a connecting flange, and is connected to the lower flange of the solar main and integrated drying chamber 7 by bolts. The hot and humid air drainage and regulating fan unit 8 also includes upper, middle and lower structures below the connecting flange. Four six-blade frequency-modulated fans are installed at the fan positioning and supporting structure in the upper hexahedral large cavity, which mainly play the role of draining hot and humid air and regulating the airflow direction in the drying chamber (using the temperature sensor and humidity sensor arranged at the hot and humid air outlet to control the linkage) to ensure the uniformity of drying and improve the drying quality. The quadrangular pyramid-shaped cavity in the middle can converge the hot and humid air to the hot and humid air converging cavity with a smaller cross-sectional area, which not only reduces the connection difficulty and material cost of the square air duct 9, but also greatly reduces the space required for installing the square air duct 9. The lower side is a transition section connected to the square air duct 9. A filter positioning frame for installing a humid hot air filter is set at the entrance of this section. The humid hot air filter can remove impurities carried out by the humid hot air from the drying chamber. The lowermost side of this section is a connecting flange for connecting to the square air duct 9.

[0115] 7) Bracket group: Figure 1 , 9 And 12, bracket connectors are provided at the four bottom corners of the phase change condensing heat recovery device 3 and the moist hot air drainage and regulating fan unit 8, which are used to detachably connect the corresponding brackets to play a stable supporting role.

[0116] (3) Valley power assisted solar salt extraction and desalination system III

[0117] like Fig.15, the valley electricity assisted solar salt extraction and desalination water system III is composed of a micro-hole structure solar evaporation unit 2, a concentrated liquid processing unit 111 and a fresh water collection unit 112 in series. Among them, the concentrated liquid discharge pipeline of the header 21 connects the micro-hole structure solar vacuum tube 22 desalination water unit and the concentrated liquid processing unit 111, which can make full use of the sensible heat carried by the concentrated liquid generated by the micro-hole structure solar vacuum tube 22 desalination water link, and use valley electricity and passive solar distillation structure in different time periods to continuously and efficiently evaporate the water in the concentrated liquid, which can not only further produce a large amount of fresh water, but also deeply extract salt-containing byproducts with certain economic value. The water collecting arc plate and the water guide pipe behind it connect the concentrated liquid processing unit 111 and the fresh water collection unit 112.

[0118] 1) Micro-hole structure type solar evaporation unit 2: Same as above.

[0119] 2) Concentrated liquid processing unit 111: includes a concentrated liquid discharge pipeline, a concentrated liquid processing tank and a passive solar distillation structure.

[0120] One end of the concentrated liquid discharge pipeline is connected to the concentrated liquid discharge pipe 213 of the manifold 21, and is connected to the electric valve-2 and the concentrated liquid discharge pump in sequence, and the other end of the concentrated liquid discharge pipeline is connected to the concentrated liquid treatment tank. The discharge process of the concentrated liquid is controlled by the linkage of the electric valve-2, the electric valve-3 and the concentrated liquid discharge pump. When the operation of the micro-hole structure solar evaporation unit 2 is completed, the electric valve-3 is automatically closed to cut off the raw water replenishment channel, and then the electric valve-2 and the concentrated liquid discharge pump are automatically opened in sequence. When the concentrated liquid is completely discharged, the concentrated liquid discharge pump and the electric valve-2 are closed in sequence, and the electric valve-3 is automatically opened to replenish water, and finally the purpose of completely discharging the concentrated liquid is achieved.

[0121] The concentrated liquid treatment pool is an underground pool (the projection in the front and back directions is a trapezoid that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom). The bottom and all sides of the pool are a superimposed structure of concrete and insulation layer (to minimize heat loss). Waterproof wall-attached electric heating plates that use 220V AC valley electricity to heat the concentrated liquid are installed on each wall below the raw water level. A stirring impeller driven by a stirring motor and supported by a positioning bearing embedded in the front and back walls is installed symmetrically on both sides of the central plane perpendicular to the left and right directions of the pool (a small section of the impeller tip needs to leak out of the concentrated liquid surface). From left to right, there are forward stirring impellers and reverse stirring impellers, which are used to reversely stir the concentrated liquid to ensure that the water vapor inside the concentrated liquid is fully discharged, thereby improving the efficiency of auxiliary desalination water. The valley electricity-assisted distillation of concentrated liquid is controlled by the wall-attached electric heating plate, the stirring motor group and the clock linkage. The specific control process is: during the night valley electricity price period: when the wall-attached electric heating plate is powered on and heated, the stirring motor group is delayed for 10 minutes to start. When the wall-mounted electric heating plate is powered off, the stirring motor group will be turned off after a delay of 10 minutes; during the non-peak electricity price period at night: the wall-mounted electric heating plate will stop running. After sunrise during the day, the stirring motor group will start once every 30 minutes, stirring for 5 minutes each time. During the non-peak electricity price period after sunset during the day, the stirring motor group will stop running.

[0122] The passive solar distillation structure includes a supporting thermal insulation enclosure structure extending from the outside of the concentrated liquid treatment tank, a double-layer light-transmitting tempered glass 71, a condensing fan unit, a hydraulic lifting mechanism, a limiter and a water collection arc plate. The supporting thermal insulation enclosure structure is a surrounding full enclosure structure constructed from the surroundings of the concentrated liquid treatment tank, with the highest point of the protruding structure lower than the lowest point of the header 21 and the characteristics of being low on the left and high on the right. The double-layer light-transmitting tempered glass 71 can have a certain installation inclination angle, which can not only improve the utilization rate of solar energy, but also promote the condensed fresh water on the inner surface of the double-layer light-transmitting tempered glass 71 to flow quickly to the water collection arc plate. The right end of the double-layer light-transmitting tempered glass 71 is connected to the upper surface of the enclosure wall on the right side of the supporting thermal insulation enclosure structure through a rotating shaft, so that the double-layer light-transmitting tempered glass 71 can be opened and closed as needed. When cleaning out the salt-containing byproducts, it is necessary to use a manual control method to use a hydraulic lifting mechanism (two symmetrically arranged in the front and rear directions) to lift up the double-layer light-transmitting tempered glass 71 from the left side. After cleaning, the double-layer light-transmitting tempered glass 71 is lowered from the left side by a hydraulic lifting mechanism in a manual control method. The limiter and the hydraulic lifting mechanism are linked to control the lifting / lowering process of the double-layer light-transmitting tempered glass 71. When the left end of the double-layer light-transmitting tempered glass 71 contacts the limit switch of the limiter, the contact signal is immediately fed back to the control center, and the control center sends a command to immediately close the hydraulic lifting mechanism. The long strip condensing fan unit in the front and rear directions is installed on the outer surface of the double-layer light-transmitting tempered glass 71 at equal intervals along the left and right directions, and is linked to the stirring motor to start and close synchronously, which is used to accelerate the condensation of water vapor on the inner surface of the double-layer light-transmitting tempered glass 71, so that the condensed fresh water can quickly flow to the water collection arc plate.

[0123] 2) Fresh water collection unit 112: includes a fresh water collection tank and a fresh water supply unit.

[0124] The fresh water collection tank is used to store the fresh water collected by the water collecting arc plate. It is an underground rectangular water storage tank and is connected to the passive solar distillation structure through a water pipe. The water pipe includes a vertical part and an inclined part. The vertical part of the water pipe runs through the top cover of the fresh water collection tank and is fixedly connected to the top cover. The lower outlet of the vertical part of the water pipe is 2-3 cm higher than the fresh water level. The lower end of the inclined part of the water pipe is flexibly connected to the upper end of the vertical part. The inclination angle of the inclined part can be adjusted according to actual conditions. The upper end of the inclined part is connected to the outlet of the passive solar distillation structure located at the lowest center position of the water collecting arc plate in the front and rear direction. There is also an atmospheric connection port-1 on the top cover of the fresh water collection tank, which mainly plays the role of connecting to the atmosphere to balance the pressure, thereby ensuring that the fresh water at the water collecting arc plate can be continuously and smoothly flowed into the fresh water collection tank. The lower end of the atmosphere connection port-1 penetrates the top cover of the fresh water collection tank and is fixedly connected. The upper end of the atmosphere connection port-1 is a semicircular tube with an outlet facing downward, which can prevent dust, rainwater and other debris from falling into the ventilation pipe to cause blockage and avoid contaminating the fresh water.

[0125] The fresh water supply unit includes a fresh water pump, a water pipeline and an electric valve-1. Among them, the fresh water pump is a submersible drinking water pump driven by 220V AC that dives to the bottom of the fresh water collection pool. The electric valve-1 is a manual button-operated electric valve installed in the water pipeline above the ground, which is linked with the fresh water pump to control the fresh water supply process. When the user needs to take fresh water, manually press the start button on the electric valve control panel to turn on the electric valve-1, and at the same time feed back the start signal to the control center. After the control center issues a start command, the fresh water pump is turned on, and then the fresh water is output from the outlet of the fresh water supply pipe. The water pipeline includes a vertical pipe and a fresh water supply pipe. Among them, the vertical pipe connects the fresh water pump, the electric valve-1 and the fresh water supply pipe. The fresh water supply pipe is a semicircular pipe with the outlet facing downward, which not only plays the role of taking low-temperature liquid fresh water, but also prevents dust, rainwater and other debris from falling into the fresh water supply pipe to cause blockage and avoid polluting the fresh water.

[0126] (4) Control System IV

[0127] like Figure 1 As shown, the control system consists of a control center, signal transmission lines and terminal equipment.

[0128] The control center is set up in a control room or control cabinet with protection functions such as waterproof, dustproof and sun-proof, and plays the role of data monitoring, data storage, signal feedback and command output.

[0129] Signal transmission lines are used to connect the control center, sensors and power equipment to play a role in signal transmission.

[0130] The terminal equipment includes sensors, electric valves and power equipment. The sensors include pressure, temperature, humidity, flow and liquid level sensors 12, etc., which are used to collect pressure, temperature, humidity, flow and liquid level data in real time. The electric valve is used to adjust the on-off or opening of the pipeline. The power equipment includes pumps, fans and wall-mounted electric heating plates.

[0131] 2. Valley power assisted solar energy efficient desalination, drying and salt extraction integrated method

[0132] (1) System integration method (coupling integration method): Solar desalination, solar drying and valley electricity-assisted solar deep salt extraction-desalination are tightly coupled to realize the cascaded diversified coupling utilization of solar energy. Among them, the phase change condensation heat recovery device 3 is coupled with the micro-hole structure solar vacuum tube 22 desalination and solar main integrated drying links, and the micro-hole structure solar evaporation unit 2 (the concentrated liquid discharge pipe 213 of the manifold 21) is coupled with the micro-hole structure solar vacuum tube 22 desalination and valley electricity-assisted solar deep salt extraction-desalination links, which not only greatly improves the solar energy utilization rate, water production, operation reliability and system economy, but also realizes functional diversification and has strong universal applicability.

[0133] (2) Pool boiling vaporization performance enhancement method: A multi-effect enhancement method is adopted to construct a micro-hole structure by hydrophobic modification of the vaporization surface, thereby constructing a solar vacuum tube inner wall vaporization surface with an optimal contact angle (hydrophobicization of the inner surface of the vacuum tube), an optimal micro-hole structure shape (such as using laser engraving to construct a micro-hole structure), and an optimal combination of characteristic dimensions. This increases the number of foaming cores and the steam bubble nucleation / detachment rate of the vaporization surface of the micro-hole structure solar vacuum tube 22, and improves the heat transfer coefficient, thereby effectively solving the problem of low pool boiling vaporization intensity of the smooth solar vacuum tube distiller.

[0134] (3) Dry hot air temperature control method (waste heat reuse and phase change condensation heat recovery temperature control method): Use the hot and humid air discharged from the solar main and integrated drying chamber 7 to preheat the dry cold air, so as to preliminarily improve the solar energy utilization rate and the temperature of the preheated dry air entering the air duct 32 inlet of the phase change condensation heat recovery device 3. Furthermore, the low-temperature phase change heat storage material is used as the condensation medium in the solar water desalination link, and combined with the innovative design of the passive solar drying box structure, not only the purpose of constant temperature heating and preheating dry air is achieved, but also the drying quality and drying efficiency of the solar drying link are improved.

[0135] (4) Method for separating salty by-products (valley electricity-assisted solar distillation separation method): Based on the sensible heat carried by the concentrated liquid produced by the micro-hole structure solar vacuum tube 22, the concentrated liquid is heated by a wall-attached electric heating plate during the nighttime valley electricity price period, and more than 85% of the water in the concentrated liquid is removed quickly and efficiently under the stirring action of the stirring impeller to obtain a preliminary concentrated liquid. During the day of the next day, the preliminary concentrated liquid is further heated by a passive solar distillation method, and the remaining water in the concentrated liquid is removed quickly and efficiently under the stirring action of the stirring impeller to obtain anhydrous salty by-products. The above method can continuously and efficiently evaporate the water in the concentrated liquid, which can not only further collect a large amount of fresh water, but also extract salty by-products with certain economic value. While improving the utilization rate of solar energy, it also improves the economy and practical value of the system.

[0136] 3: Energy and mass transmission principle in the integrated system of efficient desalination, drying and salt extraction based on solar energy

[0137] like Fig.16 As shown in the figure, the energy input of the solar-powered high-efficiency desalination-drying-salt extraction integrated system includes solar radiation energy and valley electricity. In addition, it also includes conventional driving power sources for driving power equipment such as pumps and fans ( Fig.16 The input energy is used to drive the complete separation of water and salt byproducts in the raw water, and is also used to remove water from the fresh material, ultimately achieving the purpose of producing fresh water, extracting salt byproducts and producing dry materials.

[0138] like Fig.16 As shown in the figure, the quality input of the high-efficiency desalination-drying-salt extraction integrated system based on solar energy supply includes raw water, dry cold air and fresh materials, and the quality output includes fresh water, saline byproducts, dry materials and wet cold air. Among them, fresh water, saline byproducts and dry materials are effective products required by users.

[0139] The solar-powered integrated system and method for desalination, drying and salt extraction illustrated in this embodiment, firstly, constructs a micro-hole structure on the vaporization surface of a solar vacuum tube, which can increase the number of foaming cores on the vaporization surface and improve the heat transfer coefficient. The contact angle, the shape of the micro-hole structure and its characteristic size are the decisive factors for the nucleation / detachment rate of steam bubbles on the vaporization surface. Therefore, a multi-effect strengthening method of constructing a micro-hole structure by hydrophobic modification of the vaporization surface is adopted to construct a vaporization surface with an optimal contact angle, an optimal micro-hole structure shape and a combination of characteristic sizes on the inner surface of the solar vacuum tube, which can effectively solve the problem of low boiling vaporization intensity of the solar vacuum tube pool. Secondly, the condensation heat is recovered and used in the drying link of fresh materials. According to the optimal dry hot air temperature required for a specific fresh material, a matching low-temperature phase change heat storage material is used as a condensation medium, and the "preheated dry air" is heated at a constant temperature, and combined with the innovative structural design of the solar main and quilt integrated drying chamber, the ideal fresh material drying quality and drying efficiency can be ensured. In addition, the use of hot and humid air discharged from the drying chamber to preheat the dry cold air can further improve the utilization rate of solar energy. Finally, the concentrate produced during the daytime desalination process is discharged into a dedicated concentrate treatment pool. Based on the sensible heat carried by the concentrate, valley electricity heating is used at night, and passive solar distillation (top light-transmitting tempered glass and condensing fan unit) is used during the next day. The water in the concentrate can be evaporated continuously and efficiently, which can not only extract salt-containing byproducts with certain economic value, but also further improve the utilization rate of solar energy, and has high system economy and practical value. Therefore, this system has many advantages such as high solar energy utilization rate, diversified functions, strong practicality, large unit water output and total water output, high drying quality and drying efficiency, good reliability, excellent economy, etc., and has broad application prospects.

[0140] Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in this application is not limited to the technical solutions formed by a specific combination of the above technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features are replaced with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in this application.

Claims

1. A solar-powered integrated desalination-drying-salt extraction system, characterized in that: Including solar vacuum tube desalination water system, solar main and quilt integrated drying system, valley power assisted solar salt extraction-desalination water system and control system; The solar vacuum tube desalination water system is connected to the valley power assisted solar salt extraction-desalination water system, and the concentrated liquid is transported thereto, so that the concentrated liquid is separated into low-temperature liquid fresh water and salt-containing byproducts in the valley power assisted solar salt extraction-desalination water system; The solar vacuum tube desalination water system is connected to the solar main-quilt integrated drying system, and hot dry air is delivered to the system, so that the hot dry air dries the materials in the solar main-quilt integrated drying system; The control system controls the operation of the entire system.

2. The solar-powered integrated desalination-drying-salt extraction system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The solar vacuum tube water desalination system is a micro-cavity structure solar vacuum tube water desalination system, which is composed of a liquid level control unit, a micro-cavity structure solar evaporation unit, a phase change condensation heat recovery device and a fresh water collection bottle connected in series.

3. The solar-powered desalination-drying-salt extraction integrated system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The liquid level control unit comprises a water tank, which is supported by a bracket; a liquid level sensor is arranged in the water tank, and water is supplied to the water tank through a liquid level control connecting pipeline; Alternatively, the micro-hole structure type solar evaporation unit comprises a header and a plurality of micro-hole structure type solar vacuum tubes, and the header is connected to the bottom of each micro-hole structure type solar vacuum tube; Alternatively, the phase change condensation heat recovery device includes a steam channel corresponding to each fine hole structure solar vacuum tube, and the two sides of the steam channel are air ducts. The wind passing through the air duct can enter the solar main and quilt integrated drying chamber under the transportation and regulation of dry hot air and regulating wind units; a phase change-condensation temperature control cavity is also arranged between the air duct and the steam channel, and a fresh water collection cavity is connected to the bottom of the phase change-condensation temperature control cavity, and a fresh water collection bottle is connected to the bottom of the fresh water collection cavity.

4. The solar-powered desalination-drying-salt extraction integrated system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The header includes a header body and blocking plates connected to both sides of the header body. The header body is provided with three concentrated liquid discharge pipes and connection ports corresponding to the fine cavity structure type solar vacuum tubes one by one. The concentrated liquid discharge pipes are provided in the middle of the header body in the front-to-back direction and are arranged with equal arcs. Alternatively, the header is supported by a front bracket, and the fine cavity structure type solar vacuum tube is supported by a rear bracket, the front bracket is provided with a plurality of header support slots, the header support slots are connected to angle steel oblique legs, the angle steel oblique legs are connected to the front support, and the header support slot of the front bracket in the middle is provided with a concentrated liquid discharge pipe position adjustment slot; the height of the rear bracket is adjustable; Alternatively, a steam nozzle is provided between the steam channel and the steam outlet pipe of the corresponding micro-cavity structure type solar vacuum tube; Alternatively, the fresh water collection chamber is a semi-conical shape that is larger in the front and smaller in the back and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the phase change condensation-temperature control chamber. The cavity is connected to all steam channels and has a certain inclination from back to front.

5. The solar-powered desalination-drying-salt extraction integrated system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The solar main blanket integrated drying system is sequentially composed of a moist heat recovery device, a phase change condensation heat recovery device, a dry hot air delivery and regulation fan unit, a solar main blanket integrated drying chamber, a moist hot air drainage and regulation fan unit, a square air duct, a moist hot air pressurization and regulation fan connected in series through a connecting flange, and also includes a bracket unit; The phase change condensation heat recovery device is connected to the fine hole structure type solar energy evaporation unit.

6. The solar-powered desalination-drying-salt extraction integrated system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The humid heat recovery device is located above the humid hot air pressurizing and regulating fan, and includes a dehumidifying dust filter, an air collecting port, a preheating air channel and a humid hot air channel. The dehumidifying dust filter is installed at the air collecting port, and the preheating air channel is provided with a plurality of channels. The preheating air channel is a cavity structure that is fully open on the left and right. The preheating air channels on both sides are connected to humid hot air outlets, and the preheating air channel in the middle is connected to a humid hot air inlet. The humid hot air inlet is connected to a fine cavity structure type solar evaporation unit, and the humid hot air pressurizing and regulating fan is located at the humid hot air inlet; Alternatively, the upper part of the solar main and quilt integrated drying chamber is provided with a double-layer light-transmitting tempered glass facing due south and installed tilted according to the local latitude, which is fixedly supported by a light-transmitting surface support member, and the lower part is connected to the moist hot air drainage and regulating fan unit. The solar main and quilt integrated drying chamber is provided with a material tray slide rail bracket. Under the joint regulation of the dry hot air supply and regulating fan unit and the moist hot air drainage and regulating fan unit, the dry hot air flows into the drying chamber through the dry hot air inlet and is discharged through the moist hot air outlet.

7. The solar-powered desalination-drying-salt extraction integrated system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The valley power-assisted solar salt extraction and desalination water system is composed of a micro-hole structure solar evaporation unit, a concentrate processing unit and a fresh water collection unit connected in series in sequence. The concentrate discharge pipeline of the manifold is connected to the micro-hole structure solar vacuum tube desalination water unit and the concentrate processing unit. The sensible heat carried by the concentrate produced by the micro-hole structure solar vacuum tube desalination water link can be fully utilized, and valley power and passive solar distillation structures are used in different time periods to continuously and efficiently evaporate the water in the concentrate.

8. The solar-powered integrated desalination-drying-salt extraction system according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The concentrated liquid processing unit comprises a concentrated liquid discharge pipeline, a concentrated liquid processing tank and a passive solar distillation structure; one end of the concentrated liquid discharge pipeline is connected to the concentrated liquid discharge pipe of the header, and the other end is connected to the concentrated liquid processing tank; The concentrated liquid treatment tank is an underground tank body, and a forward stirring impeller and a reverse stirring impeller are arranged inside; The passive solar distillation structure includes a supporting and insulating enclosure structure extending from the outside of the concentrated liquid treatment tank, with a double layer of light-transmitting tempered glass on the top. A condensing fan unit is provided above the double layer of light-transmitting tempered glass, and the lifting process of the double layer of light-transmitting tempered glass is supported and controlled by a hydraulic lifting mechanism.

9. The solar-powered desalination-drying-salt extraction integrated system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fresh water collection unit includes a fresh water collection tank and a fresh water supply unit. The fresh water collection tank is used to store fresh water collected by the water collection arc plate. It is an underground rectangular water reservoir and is connected to the passive solar distillation structure through a water pipe. The water pipe includes a vertical part and an inclined part.

10. A method for desalination-drying-salt extraction using the integrated system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: System integration method: Solar desalination, solar drying and valley electricity-assisted solar deep salt extraction-desalination are tightly coupled to achieve the cascaded and diversified coupled utilization of solar energy; Pool boiling vaporization performance enhancement method: adopt the multi-effect enhancement method of hydrophobic modification of vaporization surface to construct micro-hole structure, and construct the vaporization surface of the inner wall of solar vacuum tube with the best contact angle, the best micro-hole structure shape and the best combination of characteristic size; Dry hot air temperature control method: adopt the method of controlling the air volume by mutual feedback of the inlet and outlet temperatures of the phase change condensation heat recovery device, and use the hot and humid air discharged from the solar main and integrated drying chamber to preheat the dry cold air, so as to preliminarily improve the solar energy utilization rate and the temperature of the preheated dry air entering the inlet of the air duct of the phase change condensation heat recovery device; Method for separating salty by-products: A multi-means time-sequential separation method is adopted to remove water from the concentrate during the night-time valley electricity price period based on the sensible heat carried by the concentrate produced by the micro-cavity structure solar vacuum tube to obtain a preliminary concentrate; during the daytime of the next day, a passive solar distillation method is further used to heat the preliminary concentrate to remove the remaining water in the concentrate to obtain anhydrous salty by-products.

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