Rapid cooling and strong heat insulation device and method for emergency disposal after thermal runaway early warning of energy storage lithium ion battery

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid cooling and strong heat insulation device and method for emergency disposal after thermal runaway early warning of an energy storage lithium ion battery. The rapid cooling and strong heat insulation device comprises a battery pack box body, a plurality of cooling and heat insulation modules, a bottom liquid cooling plate, a cooling system and a thermal runaway treatment module. The cooling and heat insulation module comprises two liquid cooling plates and an aerogel sheet, and the aerogel sheet is clamped between the two liquid cooling plates. A battery pack is tightly inserted between every two adjacent cooling and heat insulation modules. The condenser and the compressor are used for preliminarily cooling the cooling medium, and the semiconductor device and the phase change material are used for auxiliary cooling of the cooling strong heat insulation module branch pipeline. And one liquid cooling plate in the cooling strong heat insulation module is tightly attached to the side surface of one row of batteries, so that the batteries are rapidly cooled after thermal runaway early warning, and thermal runaway of the batteries is prevented. When the thermal runaway of the battery occurs, the aerogel sheet and the other liquid cooling plate prevent the heat of the thermal runaway battery from being transferred to the adjacent battery, so that the thermal runaway propagation of the battery pack is inhibited.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of battery management, and in particular relates to a fast cooling and strong heat insulation device and method for emergency disposal after thermal runaway warning of energy storage lithium-ion batteries. Background Art

[0002] Lithium-ion battery is an excellent electrical energy storage device. It has the advantages of high energy density, high voltage, no memory effect and long cycle life, so it is used in electrochemical energy storage power stations. However, the safety of energy storage batteries has always been one of the problems that need to be solved in its use. After thermal runaway, energy storage lithium-ion batteries generate a lot of heat, the combustion rate is high after combustion, and explosions may occur, causing serious accident consequences. Zhang et al. pointed out that the existing battery materials and battery manufacturing processes cannot completely prevent the occurrence of thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries. Thermal runaway warning is very important for lithium-ion battery fire prevention and control, so it has been widely studied and many warning technologies have been proposed. However, there is currently little research on how to carry out effective emergency disposal after battery thermal runaway warning, and there are no effective emergency disposal measures. In addition, the thermal runaway propagation barrier of lithium-ion batteries is the first line of defense to prevent the accident from further expanding after the thermal runaway of the battery monomer, which is particularly important in the control of thermal runaway accidents of lithium-ion batteries.

[0003] Effective heat dissipation of battery cells after thermal runaway warning can prevent the occurrence of battery thermal runaway to a certain extent. If thermal runaway of battery cells is not prevented, thermal barriers are used to prevent the heat of the battery from being transferred to the surrounding area, thereby suppressing the propagation of thermal runaway. Traditional battery thermal management technologies mainly include air and liquid cooling thermal management technologies, but both have certain shortcomings in preventing thermal runaway and suppressing the spread of thermal runaway. The heat transfer coefficient of air is low, and it cannot even meet the heat dissipation requirements of lithium-ion battery packs at high rates of charge and discharge, and has gradually been replaced by liquid cooling thermal management technology. However, the coolant continuously absorbs heat from the battery during the flow from the inlet to the outlet, and its temperature will continue to rise, making it difficult to meet the uniform heat dissipation requirements of each battery in the battery pack.

[0004] CN215008362U discloses a rapid cooling device for low-temperature testing of lithium-ion batteries, including a heat-insulating box, in which a cooling component is installed for clamping the lithium-ion battery and in contact with the surface of the lithium-ion battery, the cooling component is connected to a cold medium supply unit by pipelines, and a cooling unit is fixedly arranged on one side facing the lithium-ion battery. Although the invention proposes a cooling unit in contact with the battery for heat dissipation and cooling, it is only a battery cooling test device with multiple cooling units, which cannot be specifically applied to the industry.

[0005] At present, the methods for suppressing the propagation of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries include spraying fire extinguishing agents, placing thermal barrier materials between batteries, and using liquid nitrogen for cooling. Patent CN207199806U proposes placing a layered heat-insulating sheet between two adjacent batteries to slow down the spread of heat to adjacent batteries. CN114887272A proposes a method for preparing a hydrated inorganic salt dry powder fire extinguishing agent and analyzes its role in suppressing the propagation of thermal runaway. The results show that it has an effective inhibitory effect on the propagation of thermal runaway. Huang et al. proposed spraying liquid nitrogen after the battery thermal runaway to suppress the propagation of thermal runaway. The results show that liquid nitrogen can quickly reduce the battery temperature, thereby suppressing the spread of thermal runaway between batteries. However, the spraying of fire extinguishing agents and liquid nitrogen requires special piping systems and devices, and water-based fire extinguishing agents may cause short circuits in the battery pack. Placing thermal insulation materials between batteries does not take into account the heat dissipation of the batteries, which may cause heat accumulation in the battery pack.

[0006] CN105742755A proposes a heat-conducting shell-phase change material-isolation plate "sandwich" composite plate, which can play a role in heat dissipation while insulating. However, the stability of the phase change material will decrease as the system operation time increases, and a long-term experiment is required to prove the heat dissipation stability. In addition, the phase change material will lose its heat absorption function if the heat absorbed cannot be dissipated.

[0007] Therefore, it is urgent to solve the heat dissipation problem after the battery thermal runaway warning and the contradiction between the battery pack heat dissipation and thermal runaway isolation. While dissipating the heat generated by the battery to the outside of the battery pack, it is also necessary to block the transfer of heat between battery packs, thereby preventing battery thermal runaway or inhibiting the propagation of battery pack thermal runaway. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the lack of emergency disposal technology after thermal runaway warning of lithium-ion batteries and the contradiction between battery pack heat dissipation and thermal runaway isolation, and to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology in practical applications.

[0009] In order to solve the above problems and achieve the purpose of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is: a fast cooling and strong heat insulation device for emergency disposal after thermal runaway warning of energy storage lithium-ion batteries, comprising: The battery pack box is provided with a slidable upper cover plate, and one of the side wall plates is provided with a through hole; n+1 cooling and heat-insulating modules include two liquid cooling plates and an aerogel sheet, wherein an aerogel sheet is sandwiched between the two liquid cooling plates, and both ends are respectively clamped with metal hoops to form a whole, each liquid cooling plate is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet, and a first liquid cooling pipe connected with the first inlet and the first outlet is provided in the liquid cooling plate for inputting and outputting cooling liquid; n is a positive integer.

[0010] A bottom liquid cooling plate is laid on the bottom plate of the battery pack box, and a second inlet and a second outlet are provided on the bottom liquid cooling plate. A second liquid cooling pipe connected with the second inlet and the second outlet is provided in the bottom liquid cooling plate for inputting and outputting cooling liquid; n+1 cooling and heat insulation modules are arranged in a row on the bottom liquid cooling plate, and a group of battery packs are tightly inserted between two adjacent cooling and heat insulation modules, so there are n groups of battery packs in total.

[0011] The cooling system is used to circulate coolant for the liquid cooling plate and the bottom liquid cooling plate, including a coolant storage tank, and a water pump, a compressor, a radiator, a condenser and a main pipeline connected in sequence by the coolant in the coolant storage tank through a pipeline. The main pipeline transports coolant to the bottom liquid cooling plate through one path and then circulates to the coolant storage tank; the other path transports coolant to each liquid cooling plate through an angle valve diverter, n+1 branch electromagnetic valves and n+1 branch pipelines, and then circulates to the coolant storage tank; each branch electromagnetic valve is a normally closed valve. The first inlet and the first outlet of the liquid cooling plate of each cooling and heat insulation module and the second inlet and the second outlet of the bottom liquid cooling plate extend out of the battery pack box through a through hole and are connected to the liquid delivery pipeline.

[0012] A thermal runaway processing module comprises a temperature sensor arranged in a battery pack box for detecting the temperature of the battery pack, a processor arranged outside the battery pack box, and n+1 branch electromagnetic valve drive circuits; a temperature sensor is arranged for each battery pack, and each temperature sensor corresponds to a unique number, which is consistent with the position information of the corresponding battery pack; the signal output end of each temperature sensor is electrically connected to the signal input end corresponding to the processor, and the n+1 branch electromagnetic valve drive circuits are electrically connected to the signal output end of the processor, and each branch electromagnetic valve drive circuit corresponds to a unique number. The number of the temperature sensor arranged for each battery pack is associated with the numbers of the branch electromagnetic valve drive circuits of the two adjacent cooling and insulation modules of the battery pack, and each branch electromagnetic valve drive circuit is electrically connected to a branch electromagnetic valve; when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of a battery pack is higher than the thermal runaway warning temperature, the processor sends an instruction to activate the two associated branch electromagnetic valve drive circuits to start the corresponding branch electromagnetic valve to open.

[0013] In the present invention, a liquid cooling plate in each cooling and strong insulation module is tightly attached to the side of a row of batteries, so that the battery can be quickly cooled down after the thermal runaway warning is given, thereby preventing the occurrence of thermal runaway of the battery. When thermal runaway of the battery occurs, the aerogel sheet and another liquid cooling plate prevent the heat of the thermal runaway battery from being transferred to adjacent batteries, thereby suppressing the propagation of thermal runaway of the battery pack. The present invention solves the contradiction between thermal runaway isolation and heat dissipation of the energy storage battery pack, and at the same time has no effect on the normal operation of the battery energy storage system. Even if the battery thermal runaway warning is false or missed, the fast cooling and strong insulation module can still work and can be reused.

[0014] Preferably, the thickness of the aerogel sheet is less than 2 mm, and the silica aerogel composite material is selected with a thermal conductivity of less than 0.02 W / (m•K) and an elastic modulus of greater than 1500 kPa.

[0015] Preferably, the liquid cooling plate is made of a metal with a thermal conductivity greater than 200 W / m•K, and the liquid cooling pipe is made of a metal with a thermal conductivity greater than 300 W / m•K.

[0016] Preferably, the thickness of a single cooling and heat insulation module is less than 1 / 4 of the thickness of a battery pack cell.

[0017] Preferably, the cooling liquid circulated by the cooling system is distilled water or ethylene glycol aqueous solution, and the circulation flow rate V satisfies that the heat dissipation efficiency of the liquid cooling plate or the bottom liquid cooling plate is greater than or equal to 1°C / min, and the circulation flow rate V satisfies that the maximum temperature of the battery pack is less than 40°C.

[0018] Preferably, the coolant in the coolant storage tank should be able to provide a coolant supply of more than 6 minutes at a circulation flow rate V without reflux; the maximum flow rate of the water pump coolant is greater than or equal to the circulation flow rate V.

[0019] Preferably, the cooling system further comprises a semiconductor device and a phase change material, which are applied and coated on the branch pipeline to cool the branch pipeline.

[0020] The above measures are all aimed at improving thermal conductivity and thermal efficiency.

[0021] Preferably, the battery pack box has elastic protrusions on the inner walls of the two side wall plates adjacent to the side wall plate with through holes, and the through holes are any one of circular holes, elliptical holes or square holes or a combination of more than one of them.

[0022] The side wall panels are provided with elastic protrusions, which can not only reduce the effect of external forces on the battery pack and the cooling and heat insulation module, but also make the battery pack and the cooling and heat insulation module fit closely.

[0023] A fast cooling and strong insulation control method for emergency disposal after thermal runaway warning of an ion battery is provided. Based on the fast cooling and strong insulation device for emergency disposal after thermal runaway warning of an energy storage lithium ion battery, the thermal runaway warning temperature of the energy storage lithium ion battery is set to T. The specific control method comprises the following steps: S1: Detection: Each temperature sensor collects the temperature t of the corresponding battery pack in real time and transmits it to the processor; S2: Judgment: After receiving the real-time temperature collected by each temperature sensor, the processor compares it with the thermal runaway warning temperature T. If the temperature collected by a certain temperature sensor t ≥ T, it goes to step S3; otherwise, it returns to S1 to continue detection; S3: Start the cooling and heat insulation module to cool down The processor issues instructions based on the temperature sensor number, opens the two branch solenoid valves associated with the temperature sensor number through the branch solenoid valve drive circuit, circulates coolant to the liquid cooling plate of the corresponding cooling and insulation module, and quickly cools down the overheated battery pack.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention relative to the prior art are as follows: 1. The present invention closely inserts a battery pack between two adjacent cooling and heat-insulating modules, and transfers the heat generated by the battery pack to the coolant and the environment through a liquid cooling plate with good thermal conductivity, thereby greatly improving the heat dissipation capacity of the battery pack.

[0025] 2. The battery packs are dispersed between the cooling and insulation modules. When a single battery has thermal runaway, the thermal runaway of the battery is confined to the single battery, blocking the high-temperature battery pack from transmitting heat to the low-temperature battery pack, effectively preventing the thermal runaway from spreading.

[0026] 3. The cooling system in the present invention can provide a coolant with a relatively low temperature to the temperature-reducing and heat-insulating module, thereby achieving the effect of rapid heat dissipation and temperature reduction of the battery.

[0027] 4. The present invention has the advantages of energy saving, simple structure, high heat dissipation, effective heat insulation, etc., does not require additional energy consumption, and has no negative effect on the battery pack. Even if the battery thermal runaway warning is false or missed, the fast cooling and strong insulation module can still work and can be reused. It solves the contradiction between thermal runaway isolation and system heat dissipation in the battery system, is suitable for energy storage batteries, and has a good market prospect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a battery pack box; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a heat insulation module, in which the first liquid cooling pipeline is not drawn; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom liquid cooling plate, in which the second liquid cooling pipe is not drawn; Figure 4 This is a flow diagram of the coolant circulation, in which the dashed arrows indicate the controlled flow of the coolant; Figure 5 This is an overall axonometric view of the embodiment device, in which the liquid coolant transmission pipeline and the battery pack box upper cover are not drawn; Figure 6 Control block diagram for thermal runaway processing; Figure 7 This is an overall exploded view of the device in the embodiment, in which the liquid coolant transmission pipeline is not drawn; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the second inlet, the second outlet and the internal second liquid cooling pipeline of the bottom liquid cooling plate; Fig. 9 The temperature change rate diagram of the battery in two cases: setting the cooling and heat insulation module and not setting the cooling and heat insulation module; Fig.10 This is a graph of the temperature change rate of the lithium-ion battery with and without a cooling and insulation module and at different coolant temperatures.

[0029] In the figure: 100 is a battery pack box, 101 is an upper cover plate, 102 is an elastic protrusion, 103 is a through hole, 200 is a cooling and heat insulation module, 201 is a liquid cooling plate, 202 is an aerogel sheet, 203 is a metal hoop, 204 is a first inlet, 205 is a first outlet, 300 is a bottom liquid cooling plate, 301 is a second inlet, 302 is a second outlet, 400 is a cooling system, 401 is a coolant storage box, 402 is a water pump, 403 is a compressor, 404 is a radiator, 405 is a condenser, 406 is a main pipeline, 407 is a branch electromagnetic valve, 408 is an angle valve diverter, 500 is a battery pack, 600 is a thermal runaway processing module, 601 is a temperature sensor, 602 is a processor, and 603 is a branch electromagnetic valve drive circuit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Embodiment 1:

[0031] In this embodiment, the battery pack 500 and the cooling and heat insulation module 200 are arranged in the battery pack box 100. Figure 1 , 6 and 7, with a retractable sliding upper cover plate 101, one of the side wall plates is provided with a through hole 103; the through hole 103 is used for the entrance and exit of the liquid cooling plate, and its position and shape can be a circular hole, an elliptical hole or a square hole as long as it is compatible with the entrance and exit of the liquid cooling plate and convenient for assembling the infusion pipeline. In this embodiment, elastic protrusions 102 are provided on the inner walls of the wall plates on both sides of the length direction of the battery pack box 100, which can not only reduce external forces such as collisions, but also make the battery pack and the cooling and heat insulation module fit closely. The elastic protrusion 102 can be made of rubber, plastic or fabric with flame retardant properties, and glued or nailed to the side wall plate.

[0032] See also Figure 2The cooling and heat insulation module 200, whose structure and materials are one of the inventive points of the present application, comprises two liquid cooling plates 201 and an aerogel sheet 202. An aerogel sheet 202 is sandwiched between the two liquid cooling plates 201, and the two ends are respectively clamped with metal hoops 203 to form a whole. The thickness of the whole heat insulation module 200 should be less than 1 / 4 of the thickness of the battery pack 500. Each liquid cooling plate 201 is provided with a first inlet 204 and a first outlet 205. A first liquid cooling pipe is provided in the liquid cooling plate 201, which is connected with the first inlet 204 and the first outlet 205, and is used to input and output the cooling liquid.

[0033] For the relative positions and connection relationship between the first inlet 204, the first outlet 205 and the first liquid cooling pipe, see Figure 8 The second inlet 301, the second outlet 302 of the bottom liquid cooling plate 300 and the internal second liquid cooling pipe are in a schematic diagram of their positions and connection relationships. The two are exactly the same, and the winding parallel lines in the figure represent the second liquid cooling pipe.

[0034] The aerogel sheet 202 is a silica aerogel composite material with a low thermal conductivity, which prevents heat transfer between the two liquid cooling plates 201 in the insulation module 200, and thus prevents heat transfer between the two battery packs 500. When selecting materials, a thermal conductivity coefficient lower than 0.02W / (m•K) should be selected, while having good mechanical properties, an elastic modulus greater than 1500kPa, and good flame retardant properties, which can effectively prevent lateral heat transfer and prevent the spread of thermal runaway of the battery pack; the thickness of the aerogel sheet should be less than 2mm.

[0035] See also Figure 3 The bottom liquid cooling plate 300 is laid on the bottom plate of the battery pack box 100, and a second inlet 301 and a second outlet 302 are provided on the bottom liquid cooling plate 300. A second liquid cooling pipe connected with the second inlet 301 and the second outlet 302 is provided in the bottom liquid cooling plate 300 for inputting and outputting cooling liquid.

[0036] The structure, material selection and shape of the bottom liquid cooling plate 300 and the liquid cooling plate 201 are exactly the same, and the sizes of the two are different only to adapt to the battery pack box 100. The materials of the two and the liquid cooling pipes inside should be metals with high thermal conductivity and their composite materials. The liquid cooling plate should use metals with thermal conductivity greater than 200 W / m•K, and the liquid cooling pipes should use metals with thermal conductivity greater than 300 W / m•K, which can transfer the heat generated by the battery in time and improve the heat dissipation effect; the material selection and parameters of the metal hoop 203 also refer to this standard.

[0037] See also Figure 4The cooling system 400 is used for circulating coolant for the liquid cooling plate 201 and the bottom liquid cooling plate 300, and includes a coolant storage tank 401, and a water pump 402, a compressor 403, a radiator 404, a condenser 405 and a main pipeline 406 connected in sequence by the coolant in the coolant storage tank 401 through pipelines. The main pipeline 406 conveys coolant to the bottom liquid cooling plate 300 on one path, and then circulates to the coolant storage tank 401 to circulate coolant for the bottom liquid cooling plate 300 without control; the other path conveys coolant to each liquid cooling plate 201 through an angle valve diverter 408, n+1 branch solenoid valves 407 and n+1 branch pipelines, and then circulates to the coolant storage tank 401; each branch solenoid valve 407 is a normally closed valve; the coolant is conveyed to each liquid cooling plate 201 through each branch solenoid valve 407, and is controlled by the thermal runaway processing module 600.

[0038] The battery pack 500 is a lithium-ion battery pack. A battery pack box 100 can be equipped with multiple battery packs 500, at least one group. The number of cooling and heat insulation modules 200 provided is one more than the number of battery packs. This ratio can ensure that each battery pack 500 is sandwiched between two cooling and heat insulation modules 200.

[0039] See also Figure 5 and 7 In this embodiment, two battery packs 500 are equipped with three cooling and heat-insulating modules 200. The cooling and heat-insulating modules 200 are arranged in a row on the bottom liquid cooling plate 300. A battery pack 500 is tightly inserted between two adjacent cooling and heat-insulating modules 200. The first inlet 204 and the first outlet 205 of each liquid cooling plate 201 and the second inlet 301 and the second outlet 302 of the bottom liquid cooling plate 300 extend out of the battery pack box 100 through the through hole 103 and are connected to the infusion pipeline.

[0040] The elastic protrusions 102 on the inner wall of the battery pack box 100 are in contact with the cooling and insulation modules 200, so that each battery pack 500 is tightly contacted with the cooling and insulation modules 200 on both sides, ensuring the heat transfer effect between the battery pack 500 and the cooling and insulation modules 200.

[0041] The positional relationship, proportion and connection relationship among the elastic protrusion 102, the battery pack 500 and the cooling and heat insulation module 200 is also one of the inventive points of the present application.

[0042] See also Figure 5For the convenience of description, the definitions from left to right are the first cooling and heat insulation module 200, the first battery pack 500, the second cooling and heat insulation module 200, the second battery pack 500 and the third cooling and heat insulation module 200, the elastic protrusion 102 on the left side wall is tightly connected with the first cooling and heat insulation module 200, the first cooling and heat insulation module 200 is tightly connected with the first battery pack 500, the first battery pack 500 is tightly connected with the second cooling and heat insulation module 200, and the second cooling and heat insulation module 200 is tightly connected with the second battery pack 500. The thermal module 200 is tightly connected to the second battery group 500, the second battery group 500 is tightly connected to the third cooling and heat insulation module 200, and the third cooling and heat insulation module 200 is tightly connected to the elastic protrusion 102 on the right side wall; the first inlet 204 and the first outlet 205 on the liquid cooling plate 201 of the first, second and third cooling and heat insulation modules 200 are respectively connected to the first, second and third branch pipes and the first, second and third branch electromagnetic valves 407.

[0043] See also Figure 4 and 5 The thermal runaway processing module 600 includes a temperature sensor 601 arranged in the battery pack box 100 for detecting the temperature of the battery pack 500, a processor 602 and n+1 branch electromagnetic valve driving circuits 603 arranged outside the battery pack box 100.

[0044] Each battery pack 500 is provided with a temperature sensor 601, and each temperature sensor 601 corresponds to a unique number, which is consistent with the location information of the corresponding battery pack 500. The signal output end of each temperature sensor 601 is electrically connected to the corresponding signal input end of the processor 602, and the n+1 branch electromagnetic valve drive circuits 603 are electrically connected to the signal output end of the processor 602, and each branch electromagnetic valve drive circuit 603 corresponds to a unique number. The number of the temperature sensor 601 provided for each battery pack 500 is associated with the number of the branch electromagnetic valve drive circuit 603 of the two adjacent cooling and heat insulation modules 200 of the battery pack 500.

[0045] In this embodiment, two temperature sensors 601 and three branch electromagnetic valve drive circuits 603 are provided. Figure 5 , defined from left to right, are the first branch electromagnetic valve drive circuit 603, the first temperature sensor 601, the second branch electromagnetic valve drive circuit 603, the second temperature sensor 601 and the third branch electromagnetic valve drive circuit 603, then the number of the first temperature sensor 601 is associated with the numbers of the first branch electromagnetic valve drive circuit 603 and the second branch electromagnetic valve drive circuit 603; the number of the second temperature sensor 601 is associated with the numbers of the second branch electromagnetic valve drive circuit 603 and the third branch electromagnetic valve drive circuit 603.

[0046] Each branch electromagnetic valve driving circuit 603 is electrically connected to a branch electromagnetic valve 407 . In this embodiment, the first, second and third branch electromagnetic valve driving circuits 603 are electrically connected to the first, second and third branch electromagnetic valves 407 , respectively.

[0047] When the temperature sensor 601 detects that the temperature of a battery pack 500 is higher than the thermal runaway warning temperature, the processor 602 sends an instruction to activate the two associated branch electromagnetic valve driving circuits 603 to start the corresponding branch electromagnetic valves 407 to open.

[0048] In this embodiment, when the temperature sensor 601 detects that the temperature of the first battery pack 500 is higher than the thermal runaway warning temperature, the processor 602 sends an instruction to activate the first branch electromagnetic valve drive circuit 603 and the second branch electromagnetic valve drive circuit 603, and starts the first and second electromagnetic valves 407 to open. The main pipeline 406 passes through the angle valve diverter 408, and one route is through the first electromagnetic valve 407 to input coolant to the first inlet 204 of the liquid cooling plate 201 on both sides of the first cooling and heat insulation module 200, and the coolant is output from the first outlet 205 through the first liquid cooling pipeline inside the liquid cooling plate 201, and the infusion pipeline returns to the coolant storage tank 401. The other route is through the second electromagnetic valve 407 to input coolant to the first inlet 204 of the liquid cooling plate 201 on both sides of the second cooling and heat insulation module 200, and the coolant is output from the first outlet 205 through the first liquid cooling pipeline inside the liquid cooling plate 201, and the infusion pipeline returns to the coolant storage tank 401.

[0049] When the temperature sensor 601 detects that the temperature of the second battery pack 500 is higher than the thermal runaway warning temperature, the processor 602 sends an instruction to activate the second branch electromagnetic valve drive circuit 603 and the third branch electromagnetic valve drive circuit 603, start the second and third electromagnetic valves 407 to open, and the main pipeline 406 passes through the angle valve diverter 408. One route is to input coolant from the second electromagnetic valve 407 to the first inlet 204 of the liquid cooling plate 201 on both sides of the second cooling and heat insulation module 200, and the coolant is output from the first outlet 205 through the first liquid cooling pipeline inside the liquid cooling plate 201, and the infusion pipeline returns to the coolant storage tank 401. The other route is to input coolant from the third electromagnetic valve 407 to the first inlet 204 of the liquid cooling plate 201 on both sides of the third cooling and heat insulation module 200, and the coolant is output from the first outlet 205 through the first liquid cooling pipeline inside the liquid cooling plate 201, and the infusion pipeline returns to the coolant storage tank 401.

[0050] The thermal runaway warning temperature is set according to the actual application scenario. In this embodiment, the thermal runaway warning temperature is set to 50°C.

[0051] The cooling and heat-insulating modules 200 and the battery packs 500 are alternately arranged, and the heat generated by the battery packs 500 is transferred to the coolant and the environment through the liquid cooling plate 201 with good thermal conductivity, thereby greatly improving the heat dissipation capacity of the battery pack; the coolant solution introduced into the liquid cooling plate 201 has a low vaporization temperature and a high heat absorption capacity, and can absorb the heat transferred from the liquid cooling plate 201, quickly cool down the battery, improve the uniformity of the battery temperature, isolate the heat generated by the thermal runaway single cell, and confine the thermal runaway of the battery to a single cell, thereby preventing the battery pack from having a chain thermal runaway.

[0052] In order to further optimize the cooling and heat insulation effect, the present embodiment further adopts the following measures: The thickness of the aerogel sheet 202 is less than 2 mm, and the selected aerogel composite material is a silica aerogel with a thermal conductivity of less than 0.02 W / (m•K) and an elastic modulus of greater than 1500 kPa.

[0053] The liquid cooling plate 201 is made of a metal with a thermal conductivity greater than 200 W / m•K, and the liquid cooling pipe is made of a metal with a thermal conductivity greater than 300 W / m•K.

[0054] The thickness of a single cooling and heat-insulating module 200 is less than 1 / 4 of the thickness of a single battery pack 500 .

[0055] The cooling system 400 circulates coolant such as distilled water or ethylene glycol aqueous solution, and the circulation flow rate V satisfies that the maximum temperature of the battery pack 500 is less than 40°C under normal operation, and the circulation flow rate V satisfies that the heat dissipation efficiency of the liquid cooling plate 201 is greater than or equal to 1°C / min after thermal runaway warning.

[0056] The coolant in the coolant storage tank 401 should be able to provide a coolant supply of more than 6 minutes at a circulation flow rate V without reflux; the maximum flow rate of the coolant in the water pump 402 is greater than or equal to the circulation flow rate V.

[0057] The cooling system 400 also includes semiconductor devices and phase change materials, which are applied and coated on each branch pipe to cool the branch pipe. In this embodiment, the model of the semiconductor device is TEC1-12710, and the phase change material is paraffin / foamed aluminum. The semiconductor device is applied and coated on each branch pipe, and the phase change material is coated on the semiconductor, and then the two are fixed by fixing means, such as buckling a box or a cover on the phase change material. Embodiment 2:

[0058] A fast cooling and strong insulation control method for emergency disposal after thermal runaway warning of an ion battery is provided. Based on the fast cooling and strong insulation device for emergency disposal after thermal runaway warning of an energy storage lithium-ion battery, the thermal runaway warning temperature T of the energy storage lithium-ion battery is set to 50°C. The specific control method includes the following steps: S1: Detection: Each temperature sensor 601 collects the temperature t of the corresponding battery pack 500 in real time and transmits it to the processor 602; S2: Judgment: After receiving the real-time temperature collected by each temperature sensor, the processor 602 compares it with the thermal runaway warning temperature T. If the temperature collected by a certain temperature sensor t ≥ T, it goes to step S3; otherwise, it returns to S1 to continue detection; S3: Start the cooling and heat insulation module to cool down The processor 602 issues an instruction according to the number of the temperature sensor 601, opens the two branch electromagnetic valves associated with the number of the temperature sensor 601 through the branch electromagnetic valve drive circuit 603, circulates coolant to the liquid cooling plate 201 of the corresponding cooling and insulation module 200, and quickly cools down the overheated battery pack.

[0059] In order to verify the fast cooling and strong heat insulation capabilities of the embodiment, two examples are analyzed below.

[0060] Verification test 1: See also Fig. 9 In order to verify the fast cooling and strong insulation capabilities of the cooling and heat insulation module 200, two cooling and heat insulation modules 200 were closely fitted to the battery cells, and distilled water was used as the coolant, the coolant flow rate was 1L / min, and the coolant temperature was 10°C. An external short circuit trigger device was used to trigger the external short circuit of the battery cell, and the liquid cooling device was started at the same time as the external short circuit of the battery cell, and the temperature changes of the lithium-ion batteries with and without the cooling and heat insulation module 200 were compared. Fig. 9 It can be seen that without the cooling and heat insulation module, the temperature of the battery cell rises to 548°C in about 200 seconds, that is, thermal runaway occurs. However, with the cooling and heat insulation module, the maximum temperature of the lithium-ion battery is 45.58°C, and the battery temperature is within the normal working range. This shows that the cooling and heat insulation module 200 can prevent the occurrence of battery thermal runaway.

[0061] Verification test 2: See also Fig.10 In order to verify the fast cooling and strong insulation effect of the cooling and heat insulation module 200, a cooling and heat insulation module 200 is closely attached to the battery cell, and distilled water is used as the coolant, the coolant flow rate is 1.5L / min, and the coolant temperature is 12℃, 17℃ and 23℃. The battery is heated by a heating plate with a heating power of 500W to trigger the thermal runaway of the battery cell. The liquid cooling device is started while heating the battery cell, and the temperature change rate of the lithium-ion battery with or without the cooling and heat insulation module 200 and under different coolant temperatures is compared.

[0062] Depend on Fig.10As shown in (a), without the cooling and heat insulation module to dissipate heat, the battery cell experienced thermal runaway after 741 s of heating, and the temperature rose from 182°C to 368°C in a short period of time.

[0063] Depend on Fig.10 From (b) in the figure, it can be seen that the coolant temperature is 12 °C under the condition of heat dissipation by the cooling and heat insulation module. The temperature of the battery cell is 126.86 °C after heating for 1800 s, and thermal runaway has not occurred. Moreover, the battery temperature is basically maintained at around 126 °C after heating for 300 s, which provides personnel with a lot of time to escape and take other measures.

[0064] Fig.10 The experimental condition corresponding to (c) is: the coolant temperature is 17°C under the condition of heat dissipation by the cooling and heat insulation module. Fig.10 The experimental condition corresponding to (d) in the figure is: the coolant temperature is 23°C under the condition of heat dissipation by the cooling and heat insulation module. Fig.10 It can be seen from (c) and (d) that as the coolant temperature increases, the maximum battery temperature first increases and then decreases. Fig.10 In (d), when the coolant temperature is 23°C, although the battery has the lowest maximum temperature, the battery safety valve opens when heated to 1263 s, and the battery heat is dissipated through the safety valve, and the battery can no longer be used. Fig.10 It can also be seen that when the coolant temperature is 17 and 23 degrees, the battery temperature still shows a rapid rise trend at 1800 s. When the coolant temperature is 12 degrees, the battery temperature gradually stabilizes as the heating time increases. In addition, when the coolant temperature is 17 degrees, the battery expands greatly and can no longer be used. Therefore, the existing liquid cooling thermal management system uses a coolant at a temperature of 25 degrees or even higher to cool the battery, which cannot prevent battery failure or thermal runaway. In order to prevent thermal runaway or failure of lithium-ion batteries, the coolant temperature should be 12 degrees or even lower.

[0065] In summary, the fast cooling and strong insulation device for emergency disposal after thermal runaway warning of energy storage lithium-ion batteries described in the present invention can effectively cool the battery pack and insulate the single battery, can prevent the occurrence of battery thermal runaway under external short circuit and external heating, and can perform effective emergency disposal after battery thermal runaway warning, thereby improving the safety of the battery pack. The present invention solves the existing liquid cooling system. The present invention has the advantages of energy saving, high heat dissipation, simple structure, and effective heat insulation. Even if the battery thermal runaway warning is false or missed, the fast cooling and strong insulation module can still work and can be reused. It solves the contradiction between thermal runaway isolation and system heat dissipation in the battery system, is suitable for energy storage batteries, and has broad market prospects.

[0066] This implementation is only an exemplary description of this patent and does not limit its scope of protection. Technicians in this field can make some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A fast cooling and strong heat insulation device for emergency treatment after thermal runaway warning of energy storage lithium-ion batteries, characterized in that: include: A battery pack box (100) is provided with a slidable upper cover plate (101), wherein one of the side wall plates is provided with a plurality of through holes (103); n+1 cooling and heat-insulating modules (200) are arranged in a battery pack box (100), each comprising two liquid cooling plates (201) and an aerogel sheet (202), wherein an aerogel sheet (202) is sandwiched between the two liquid cooling plates (201), and the two ends are clamped by metal hoops (203) to form a whole, each liquid cooling plate (201) is provided with a first inlet (204) and a first outlet (205), and a first liquid cooling pipeline is provided in the liquid cooling plate (201) and is connected to the first inlet (204) and the first outlet (205) for inputting and outputting cooling liquid; n is a positive integer; A bottom liquid cooling plate (300) is laid on the bottom plate of the battery pack box (100), and a second inlet (301) and a second outlet (302) are provided on the bottom liquid cooling plate (300). A second liquid cooling pipe that is connected to the second inlet (301) and the second outlet (302) is provided in the bottom liquid cooling plate (300) for inputting and outputting cooling liquid; n+1 cooling and heat insulation modules (200) are arranged in a row on the bottom liquid cooling plate (300), and a group of battery packs (500) is tightly inserted between two adjacent cooling and heat insulation modules (200), so there are n groups of battery packs (500) in total; The cooling system (400) circulates coolant for the liquid cooling plate (201) and the bottom liquid cooling plate (300), and includes a coolant storage tank (401), and a water pump (402), a compressor (403), a radiator (404), a condenser (405), and a main pipeline (406) connected in sequence by pipelines to the coolant in the coolant storage tank (401). The main pipeline (406) transports coolant to the bottom liquid cooling plate (300) through one path, and then circulates to the coolant storage tank (401). The main pipeline (406) transports coolant to the bottom liquid cooling plate (300) through another path through an angle valve diverter (408). ), n+1 branch electromagnetic valves (407) and n+1 branch pipelines transport cooling liquid to each liquid cooling plate (201), and then circulate to the cooling liquid storage tank (401); each branch electromagnetic valve (407) is a normally closed valve; the first inlet (204) and the first outlet (205) of the liquid cooling plate (201) of each cooling and heat insulation module (200) and the second inlet (301) and the second outlet (302) of the bottom liquid cooling plate (300) extend out of the battery pack box (100) through the through hole (103) and are connected to the liquid delivery pipeline; A thermal runaway processing module (600) comprises a temperature sensor (601) arranged inside a battery pack box (100) for detecting the temperature of a battery pack (500), a processor (602) arranged outside the battery pack box (100), and n+1 branch electromagnetic valve drive circuits (603); a temperature sensor (601) is arranged at each battery pack (500), and each temperature sensor (601) corresponds to a unique number, which is consistent with the position information of the corresponding battery pack (500); the signal output end of each temperature sensor (601) is respectively electrically connected to the signal input end corresponding to the processor (602), and the n+1 branch electromagnetic valve drive circuits (603) are respectively connected to the processor (602) The signal output end is electrically connected, each branch electromagnetic valve (407) corresponds to a unique number, the number of the temperature sensor (601) provided for each battery group (500) is associated with the number of the branch electromagnetic valve drive circuit (603) of two adjacent cooling and heat insulation modules (200) of the battery group (500), and each branch electromagnetic valve drive circuit (603) is electrically connected to a branch electromagnetic valve (407); when the temperature sensor (601) detects that the temperature of a battery group (500) is higher than the thermal runaway warning temperature, the processor (602) issues an instruction to activate the associated branch electromagnetic valve drive circuit (603), and starts the corresponding branch electromagnetic valve (407) to open.

2. The fast cooling and strong heat insulation device for emergency disposal after thermal runaway warning of energy storage lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the aerogel sheet (202) is less than 2 mm, and a silicon dioxide aerogel composite material with a thermal conductivity of less than 0.02 W / (m•K) and an elastic modulus of greater than 1500 kPa is selected.

3. The fast cooling and strong heat insulation device for emergency disposal after thermal runaway warning of energy storage lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the liquid cooling plate (201) is a metal with a thermal conductivity greater than 200 W / m•K, and the material of the liquid cooling pipe is a metal with a thermal conductivity greater than 300 W / m•K.

4. The fast cooling and strong heat insulation module according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The thickness of a single temperature reduction and heat insulation module (200) is less than 1 / 4 of the thickness of a single battery pack (500).

5. The fast cooling and strong heat insulation device for emergency disposal after thermal runaway warning of energy storage lithium-ion batteries according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cooling system (400) circulates a coolant of distilled water or ethylene glycol aqueous solution, and the circulation flow rate V satisfies that the maximum temperature of the battery pack (500) is less than 40°C under normal operation, and the circulation flow rate V satisfies that the heat dissipation efficiency of the liquid cooling plate (201) is greater than or equal to 1°C / min after thermal runaway warning.

6. The fast cooling and strong heat insulation device for emergency treatment after thermal runaway warning of energy storage lithium-ion batteries according to claim 5, characterized in that: The coolant in the coolant storage tank (401) should be able to provide a coolant supply of more than 6 minutes at a circulation flow rate V without reflux; the maximum flow rate of the coolant in the water pump (402) is greater than or equal to the circulation flow rate V.

7. The fast cooling and strong heat insulation device for emergency disposal after thermal runaway warning of energy storage lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling system (400) also includes semiconductor devices and phase change materials, which are applied and coated on each branch pipeline and are used to cool the branch pipeline.

8. The fast cooling and strong heat insulation device for emergency treatment after thermal runaway warning of energy storage lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery pack box (100) has elastic protrusions (102) on the inner walls of two side wall plates adjacent to the side wall plate provided with a through hole (103), and the through hole (103) is any one of a circular hole, an elliptical hole or a square hole or a combination of more than one of them.

9. A fast cooling and strong insulation control method for emergency disposal after early warning of thermal runaway of ion batteries, characterized in that: Based on the fast cooling and strong insulation device for emergency disposal after thermal runaway warning of energy storage lithium ion battery according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the thermal runaway warning temperature of the energy storage lithium ion battery is set to T, and the specific control method comprises the following steps: S1: Detection: Each temperature sensor (601) collects the temperature t of the corresponding battery pack (500) in real time and transmits it to the processor (602); S2: Judgment: After receiving the real-time temperature collected by each temperature sensor, the processor (602) compares it with the thermal runaway warning temperature T. If the temperature collected by a certain temperature sensor t ≥ T, it proceeds to step S3; otherwise, it returns to S1 to continue detection; S3: Start the cooling and heat insulation module to cool down The processor (602) issues an instruction according to the number of the temperature sensor (601), opens two branch electromagnetic valves associated with the number of the temperature sensor (601) through the branch electromagnetic valve driving circuit (603), and circulates cooling liquid to the liquid cooling plate (201) of the corresponding cooling and heat insulation module (200), thereby quickly cooling the overheated battery pack.

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