Digital intelligent system and method for realizing medium and low voltage real type power distribution network

Abstract

The invention relates to a digital intelligent system and method for realizing a medium-low voltage real-type power distribution network, and belongs to the technical field of power distribution networks, and the system comprises a transformer substation in-station unit which is used for realizing main power transformation of the power distribution network; the network frame unit is used for constructing a transmission path of the power distribution network; the load unit is used for accessing electric equipment; the fault simulation unit is used for simulating a single-phase earth fault, a short-circuit fault and a disconnection fault of the power distribution network; the defect simulation unit is used for simulating temperature rise and partial discharge defects of the power distribution primary equipment; the power distribution automation master station or the monitoring system is used for monitoring and managing the power distribution network; and the state sensing sensor is used for collecting electrical quantity and state quantity information. The method can guide the construction of a digital and intelligent real-model test field and the digital and intelligent upgrading of a stock real-model test field, and realizes the installation and data transmission of various state sensing sensors and the physical information fusion with an electrical part, thereby realizing the holographic sensing and active working condition early warning of the power distribution network.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a digital intelligent system for realizing a medium and low voltage true type distribution network, and belongs to the technical field of distribution network. Background Art

[0002] As an important part of the power grid, the distribution network is directly facing the end users and is closely related to the production and life of the general public. It is an important infrastructure for power grid companies to serve the local economy and safeguard the national economy and people's livelihood. It is also an important link in realizing the economic benefits of power grid enterprises and fulfilling social commitments.

[0003] With the continuous deepening of the construction of "three types and two networks, world-class" energy Internet enterprises, as well as the requirements of building a new power system and creating a digital and strong power grid, it is an inevitable direction for the development of the distribution network to build an intelligent operation and maintenance system with holographic perception of the distribution network, active warning of working conditions, intelligent and efficient decision-making, and highly shared data.

[0004] In recent years, the distribution network real-type test detection technology has gradually received attention from the industry, that is, using real distribution equipment to build a test environment similar to the actual distribution system on site, and the system operates at a voltage level of 10kV. Compared with conventional laboratory tests, real-type tests can more accurately and reliably reproduce the actual operating conditions on site, and can better restore the characteristics of electrical faults such as single-phase grounding and phase-to-phase short circuits, thereby improving the detection effect of distribution automation equipment. Therefore, power grid companies in many parts of China have successively built real-type test sites of varying sizes and functions for the detection of new distribution automation equipment, verification of new technologies, and talent training.

[0005] However, the existing real-life test sites mainly restore the real distribution network from the perspective of electrical characteristics. The components mainly include the substation part, the grid part, the load part, the fault simulation part, the distribution automation master station or the monitoring system, etc., and there is little consideration of the status perception of the distribution equipment.

[0006] In view of the above problems existing in the prior art, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a digital intelligent system for realizing a medium and low voltage real distribution network. The technical solution of the present invention is: A digital intelligent system for realizing a medium and low voltage real distribution network, comprising Substation in-station unit, used to realize the main substation of the distribution network; Grid units, used to construct the transmission paths of the distribution network; Load unit, used to connect to electrical equipment; Fault simulation unit, used to simulate single-phase grounding fault, short circuit fault and disconnection fault of the distribution network; Defect simulation unit, used to simulate the temperature rise and partial discharge defects of primary distribution equipment; Distribution automation master station or monitoring system, used to monitor and manage the distribution network; State-aware sensors are used to collect information about electrical quantities and state quantities of the distribution network.

[0008] The substation internal unit includes: Main transformer, used for voltage transformation; busbar, used for connecting the main transformer and outgoing line switch; The outgoing line switch is used to control and protect the circuit; the neutral point complete set is used to realize the grounding methods of ungrounded distribution network, arc suppression coil grounding, small resistance grounding, and resistance grounding in parallel with arc suppression coil.

[0009] The grid unit includes: an overhead line, which is used to transmit electricity in the space above the ground, reduce the impact of ground obstacles, and facilitate maintenance and monitoring. The overhead line consists of an overhead conductor and a primary and secondary fusion pole switch, wherein the overhead conductor is responsible for power transmission, and the primary and secondary fusion pole switch is used for line control and protection; Cable lines are used for power transmission in urban environments, underground passages or areas where overhead lines are not suitable. They consist of underground cables and primary and secondary fusion ring network boxes. The underground cables are responsible for transmitting power in a closed environment, and the primary and secondary fusion ring network boxes are used for the connection, control and protection of cable lines. Overhead cable hybrid lines are used to combine overhead lines and cable lines to adapt to different geographical and environmental conditions. They combine the easy installation and maintenance characteristics of overhead lines with the concealment and anti-interference properties of cable lines. They consist of overhead conductors, underground cables, and corresponding primary and secondary fusion pole switches and ring network boxes.

[0010] The primary and secondary fusion column switch comprises: Pole-mounted switches are used to control and protect distribution lines; the first voltage sensor is used to measure voltage; the first current sensor is used to measure current; the first temperature sensor is used to monitor equipment temperature; the first partial discharge sensor is used to monitor partial discharge conditions; the feeder terminal FTU is used for data acquisition and execution of control commands; the electrical quantities composed of voltage and current and the state quantities composed of temperature and partial discharge information are collected to the feeder terminal FTU, and then the feeder terminal FTU transmits the data to the distribution automation master station or monitoring system through the transmission unit (4G, 5G, network cable, optical fiber and other communication methods).

[0011] The primary and secondary fusion ring network box comprises: The ring network box is used to connect and control the distribution network; the station terminal DTU is used for data acquisition and execution of control commands; the second voltage transformer is used to measure voltage; the second current sensor is used to measure current; the second temperature sensor is used to monitor equipment temperature; the second partial discharge sensor is used to monitor partial discharge; the electrical quantity composed of voltage and current information and the state quantity composed of temperature and partial discharge information are collected to the station terminal DTU, and then the station terminal DTU transmits the data to the distribution automation master station or monitoring system through the transmission unit.

[0012] The load part includes: a distribution transformer, which is used for transforming and distributing electric energy; power load, including various types of electrical equipment; the distribution transformer collects the perceived electrical quantities and state quantities to the intelligent fusion terminal through holographic perception of electrical quantities and state quantities, and then the intelligent fusion terminal transmits the data to the distribution automation master station or monitoring system through the transmission unit.

[0013] The distribution automation master station or monitoring system is used to realize holographic perception of electrical quantities and state quantities of the distribution network, fault analysis, fault isolation, restoration of power supply, and active early warning analysis and judgment of working conditions.

[0014] A method for realizing a digital intelligent system of a medium and low voltage real distribution network comprises the following steps: (1) Voltage conversion and circuit control: The substation in-station units first perform voltage conversion and adjust the voltage to the level of the distribution network through the main transformer; The busbar connects the output of the main transformer to the outgoing switch to facilitate the distribution of power; The outgoing line switch is responsible for controlling and protecting the circuit to ensure the safe operation of the power system under various conditions; The neutral point device provides different grounding methods to meet different system stability and safety requirements; (2) Constructing the transmission path: The grid unit is responsible for constructing the transmission path of the distribution network; Overhead lines transmit electricity in the space above the ground through overhead conductors and primary and secondary fused pole switches, reducing the impact of ground obstacles and facilitating maintenance and monitoring; The cable line transmits power through underground cables and primary and secondary fusion ring network boxes in urban environments, underground passages or areas where overhead lines are not suitable; Overhead cable hybrid lines combine the characteristics of overhead lines and cable lines to adapt to different geographical and environmental conditions; (3) Access to electrical equipment: The load unit is connected to the electrical equipment, including various types of electrical loads; Distribution transformers are responsible for transforming and distributing electrical energy in load units; (4) Data collection: State perception sensors are installed in grid units and load units to collect information on electrical quantities and state quantities of the distribution network; (5) Data transmission: The feeder terminal FTU and station terminal DTU in the primary and secondary fusion pole switch and the primary and secondary fusion ring network box are responsible for data collection and execution of control commands; and the collected data is sent to the distribution automation master station or monitoring system through the transmission unit; (6) Data analysis and decision-making: The distribution automation master station or monitoring system receives data from the intelligent terminal, performs holographic perception of the data, and analyzes the operating status of the distribution network; The distribution automation master station or monitoring system conducts fault analysis, identifies and locates faults in the system; when a fault occurs, it performs fault isolation to prevent the fault from spreading to other areas; The distribution automation master station or monitoring system conducts active early warning analysis and judgment of the operating conditions, actively monitors the system status, and warns of possible failures or abnormal conditions.

[0015] The advantages of the present invention are: guiding the construction of digital and intelligent real-type test fields, as well as the digital and intelligent upgrading of existing real-type test fields, realizing the installation of state perception sensors, data transmission, and physical information fusion with the electrical part, thereby realizing holographic perception of the distribution network and active early warning of working conditions, and guiding the digitalization and intelligent construction of the distribution network. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a structural block diagram of the system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the advantages and features of the present invention will become clearer as the description proceeds. However, these embodiments are exemplary only and do not constitute any limitation to the scope of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the details and forms of the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or replaced without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, but these modifications and replacements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention relates to a digital intelligent system for realizing a medium and low voltage real distribution network, comprising: Substation in-station unit, used to realize the main substation of the distribution network; Grid units, used to construct the transmission paths of the distribution network; Load unit, used to connect to electrical equipment; Fault simulation unit, used to simulate single-phase grounding fault, short circuit fault and disconnection fault of the distribution network; Defect simulation unit, used to simulate the temperature rise and partial discharge defects of primary distribution equipment; Distribution automation master station or monitoring system, used to monitor and manage the distribution network; State-aware sensors are used to collect information about electrical quantities and state quantities of the distribution network.

[0020] The above structure realizes: Highly integrated: By integrating the substation in-station units, grid units, load units, fault simulation units, defect simulation units, distribution automation master stations or monitoring systems, and state perception sensors, comprehensive digitalization and intelligent management of the distribution network are achieved.

[0021] Fault simulation capability: The fault simulation unit can simulate single-phase grounding faults, short circuit faults and disconnection faults, which helps to prevent and drill before the actual fault occurs, and improve the reliability and safety of the system.

[0022] Defect simulation capability: The defect simulation unit can simulate the temperature rise and partial discharge defects of primary distribution equipment, which helps to detect and deal with potential equipment problems in advance and reduce unexpected downtime.

[0023] Real-time monitoring and data collection: State-aware sensors can collect electrical quantity and state quantity information of the distribution network in real time, providing accurate data support for the distribution automation master station or monitoring system.

[0024] The substation internal unit includes: Main transformer, used for voltage transformation; busbar, used for connecting the main transformer and outgoing line switch; The outgoing line switch is used to control and protect the circuit; the neutral point complete set is used to realize the grounding methods of ungrounded distribution network, arc suppression coil grounding, small resistance grounding, and resistance grounding in parallel with arc suppression coil.

[0025] The substation internal unit realizes: Efficient voltage conversion: The main transformer is responsible for converting the voltage to a level suitable for the distribution network, ensuring efficient transmission of electricity.

[0026] Flexible circuit connection: Busbar, as a key component connecting the main transformer and outgoing line switch, allows flexible circuit configuration and expansion.

[0027] Reliable circuit control and protection: The outgoing line switch provides circuit control and protection, and can quickly cut off or switch the circuit in case of failure or maintenance, improving the safety and reliability of the system.

[0028] The grid unit comprises: Overhead lines are used to transmit electricity in the space above the ground, reduce the impact of ground obstacles, and facilitate maintenance and monitoring. The overhead lines are composed of overhead wires and primary and secondary fusion pole switches. The overhead wires are responsible for power transmission, and the primary and secondary fusion pole switches are used for line control and protection. Cable lines are used for power transmission in urban environments, underground passages or areas where overhead lines are not suitable. They consist of underground cables and primary and secondary fusion ring network boxes. The underground cables are responsible for transmitting power in a closed environment, and the primary and secondary fusion ring network boxes are used for the connection, control and protection of cable lines. Overhead cable hybrid lines are used to combine overhead lines and cable lines to adapt to different geographical and environmental conditions. They combine the easy installation and maintenance characteristics of overhead lines with the concealment and anti-interference properties of cable lines. They consist of overhead conductors, underground cables, and corresponding primary and secondary fusion pole switches and ring network boxes.

[0029] The grid unit implements: Optimized power transmission paths: The combination of overhead lines and cable lines provides flexible power transmission paths, and the most appropriate transmission method can be selected according to geographical and environmental conditions.

[0030] Reduce the impact of ground obstacles: Overhead lines erect power facilities in the air, reducing the impact of ground obstacles and improving the efficiency of power transmission.

[0031] Easy to maintain and monitor: Overhead lines are easy to observe and maintain, making it easy to detect and deal with problems in a timely manner.

[0032] Integrated control and protection: The primary and secondary fusion pole switches and ring network boxes integrate the control and protection functions of the line, improving the level of automation and response speed.

[0033] Strong adaptability: The design of the overhead cable hybrid line enables the system to adapt to different geographical and environmental conditions, whether in urban environments or underground passages, to ensure the effective transmission of electricity.

[0034] Concealment and anti-interference: The cable line provides concealment and anti-interference, and is suitable for use in areas where overhead lines are not suitable, such as city centers or underground passages.

[0035] The primary and secondary fusion column switch comprises: Pole-mounted switches are used to control and protect distribution lines; the first voltage sensor is used to measure voltage; the first current sensor is used to measure current; the first temperature sensor is used to monitor equipment temperature; the first partial discharge sensor is used to monitor partial discharge conditions; the feeder terminal FTU is used for data acquisition and execution of control commands; the electrical quantities composed of voltage and current and the state quantities composed of temperature and partial discharge information are collected to the feeder terminal FTU, and then the feeder terminal FTU transmits the data to the distribution automation master station or monitoring system through the transmission unit (4G, 5G, network cable, optical fiber and other communication methods).

[0036] The primary and secondary fusion column switch realizes: Integrated control and protection: The pole-mounted switch integrates control and protection functions, which can respond quickly when a distribution line fails, improving the safety and reliability of the system.

[0037] Comprehensive electrical quantity measurements: The first voltage sensor and the first current sensor provide real-time measurement of distribution line voltage and current, helping to monitor power quality and system performance.

[0038] Equipment condition monitoring: The first temperature sensor and the first partial discharge sensor monitor the temperature and partial discharge of the equipment, which helps prevent equipment overheating and insulation failure.

[0039] Data collection and execution: The feeder terminal FTU is responsible for data collection and execution of control commands. It is a key device connecting sensors and distribution automation master stations or monitoring systems.

[0040] Real-time data transmission: Through the transmission unit (such as 4G, 5G, network cable, optical fiber and other communication methods), FTU can transmit the collected data to the distribution automation master station or monitoring system in real time.

[0041] The primary and secondary fusion ring network box includes: The ring network box is used to connect and control the distribution network; the station terminal DTU is used for data acquisition and execution of control commands; the second voltage transformer is used to measure voltage; the second current sensor is used to measure current; the second temperature sensor is used to monitor equipment temperature; the second partial discharge sensor is used to monitor partial discharge; the electrical quantity composed of voltage and current information and the state quantity composed of temperature and partial discharge information are collected to the station terminal DTU, and then the station terminal DTU transmits the data to the distribution automation master station or monitoring system through the transmission unit.

[0042] The primary and secondary fusion ring network box realizes: Integrated design: The ring network box integrates connection, control, protection and monitoring functions, improving the automation level of the distribution network.

[0043] Comprehensive monitoring capabilities: A second voltage transformer and a second current sensor provide real-time measurement of voltage and current, helping to monitor power quality and system performance.

[0044] The second temperature sensor and the second partial discharge sensor monitor the temperature and partial discharge of the equipment, helping to prevent equipment overheating and insulation failure.

[0045] Data collection and execution: The station terminal DTU is responsible for data collection and execution of control commands. It is a key device connecting sensors and distribution automation master stations or monitoring systems.

[0046] Real-time data transmission: DTU transmits data to the distribution automation master station or monitoring system in real time through a transmission unit (such as 4G, 5G, network cable, optical fiber and other communication methods) to ensure the real-time and accuracy of the data.

[0047] Improve power supply reliability: Real-time monitoring and rapid response help reduce power outage time and improve power supply reliability.

[0048] The load part includes: a distribution transformer, which is used for transforming and distributing electric energy; power load, including various types of electrical equipment; the distribution transformer collects the perceived electrical quantities and state quantities to the intelligent fusion terminal through holographic perception of electrical quantities and state quantities, and then the intelligent fusion terminal transmits the data to the distribution automation master station or monitoring system through the transmission unit.

[0049] This load section implements: Efficient power conversion: Distribution transformers are responsible for converting voltage to levels suitable for end users and distributing electrical energy, ensuring efficient use of electrical energy.

[0050] Diversified access to electrical equipment: The load part can be connected to various types of electrical equipment to meet the needs of different users.

[0051] Holographic sensing capability: Distribution transformers can comprehensively monitor and manage power flow and equipment status through holographic perception of electrical quantities and status quantities.

[0052] Data integration and transmission: The intelligent fusion terminal integrates the electrical quantity and status quantity information sensed by the distribution transformer, and sends it to the distribution automation master station or monitoring system through the transmission unit.

[0053] The distribution automation master station or monitoring system is used to realize holographic perception of electrical quantities and state quantities of the distribution network, fault analysis, fault isolation, restoration of power supply, and active early warning analysis and judgment of working conditions.

[0054] The present invention also relates to a method based on realizing a digital intelligent system of a medium and low voltage real distribution network, comprising the following steps: (1) Voltage conversion and circuit control: The substation in-station units first perform voltage conversion and adjust the voltage to the level of the distribution network through the main transformer; The busbar connects the output of the main transformer to the outgoing switch to facilitate the distribution of power; The outgoing line switch is responsible for controlling and protecting the circuit to ensure the safe operation of the power system under various conditions; The neutral point device provides different grounding methods to meet different system stability and safety requirements; (2) Constructing the transmission path: The grid unit is responsible for constructing the transmission path of the distribution network; Overhead lines transmit electricity in the space above the ground through overhead conductors and primary and secondary fused pole switches, reducing the impact of ground obstacles and facilitating maintenance and monitoring; The cable line transmits power through underground cables and primary and secondary fusion ring network boxes in urban environments, underground passages or areas where overhead lines are not suitable; Overhead cable hybrid lines combine the characteristics of overhead lines and cable lines to adapt to different geographical and environmental conditions; (3) Access to electrical equipment: The load unit is connected to the electrical equipment, including various types of electrical loads; Distribution transformers are responsible for transforming and distributing electrical energy in load units; (4) Data collection: State perception sensors are installed in grid units and load units to collect information on electrical quantities and state quantities of the distribution network; (5) Data transmission: The feeder terminal FTU and station terminal DTU in the primary and secondary fusion pole switch and the primary and secondary fusion ring network box are responsible for data collection and execution of control commands; and the collected data is sent to the distribution automation master station or monitoring system through the transmission unit; (6) Data analysis and decision-making: The distribution automation master station or monitoring system receives data from the intelligent terminal, performs holographic perception of the data, and analyzes the operating status of the distribution network; The distribution automation master station or monitoring system conducts fault analysis, identifies and locates faults in the system; when a fault occurs, it performs fault isolation to prevent the fault from spreading to other areas; The distribution automation master station or monitoring system conducts active early warning analysis and judgment of the operating conditions, actively monitors the system status, and warns of possible failures or abnormal conditions.

[0055] To sum up, the present invention proposes a method for realizing the digitization and intelligence of medium and low voltage real-type distribution networks, which can guide the construction of digital and intelligent real-type test fields, as well as the digital and intelligent upgrading of existing real-type test fields, realize the installation and data transmission of various state perception sensors, and the physical-information fusion with the electrical part, thereby realizing holographic perception of the distribution network and active early warning of working conditions, and guiding the digital and intelligent construction of the distribution network.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A digital intelligent system for realizing a medium and low voltage real distribution network, characterized in that: include Substation in-station unit, used to realize the main substation of the distribution network; Grid units, used to construct the transmission paths of the distribution network; Load unit, used to connect to electrical equipment; Fault simulation unit, used to simulate single-phase grounding fault, short circuit fault and disconnection fault of the distribution network; Defect simulation unit, used to simulate the temperature rise and partial discharge defects of primary distribution equipment; Distribution automation master station or monitoring system, used to monitor and manage the distribution network; State-aware sensors are used to collect information about electrical quantities and state quantities of the distribution network.

2. According to claim 1, the digital intelligent system for realizing a medium and low voltage real distribution network is characterized in that: The substation internal unit includes: Main transformer, used for voltage transformation; Busbar, used to connect the main transformer and outgoing line switch; Outlet switch, used to control and protect the circuit; The neutral point complete set is used to realize the grounding methods of ungrounded distribution network, arc suppression coil grounding, small resistance grounding, and arc suppression coil parallel resistance grounding.

3. The digital intelligent system for realizing a medium and low voltage real distribution network according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The grid unit comprises: Overhead lines are used to transmit electricity in the space above the ground, reduce the impact of ground obstacles, and facilitate maintenance and monitoring. The overhead lines are composed of overhead wires and primary and secondary fusion pole switches. The overhead wires are responsible for power transmission, and the primary and secondary fusion pole switches are used for line control and protection. Cable lines are used for power transmission in urban environments, underground passages or areas where overhead lines are not suitable. They consist of underground cables and primary and secondary fusion ring network boxes. The underground cables are responsible for transmitting power in a closed environment, and the primary and secondary fusion ring network boxes are used for the connection, control and protection of cable lines. Overhead cable hybrid lines are used to combine overhead lines and cable lines. They consist of overhead conductors, underground cables, and corresponding primary and secondary fusion pole switches and ring network boxes.

4. The digital intelligent system for realizing a medium and low voltage real distribution network according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The primary and secondary fusion column switch comprises: The pole switch is used to control and protect the distribution line; the first voltage sensor is used to measure voltage; the first current sensor is used to measure current; the first temperature sensor is used to monitor the equipment temperature; the first partial discharge sensor is used to monitor the partial discharge situation; the feeder terminal FTU is used for data acquisition and execution of control commands; the electrical quantities composed of voltage and current and the state quantities composed of temperature and partial discharge information are collected to the feeder terminal FTU, and then the feeder terminal FTU transmits the data to the distribution automation master station or monitoring system through the transmission unit.

5. The digital intelligent system for realizing a medium and low voltage real distribution network according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The primary and secondary fusion ring network box comprises: The ring network box is used to connect and control the distribution network; the station terminal DTU is used for data acquisition and execution of control commands; the second voltage transformer is used to measure voltage; the second current sensor is used to measure current; the second temperature sensor is used to monitor equipment temperature; the second partial discharge sensor is used to monitor partial discharge; the electrical quantity composed of voltage and current information and the state quantity composed of temperature and partial discharge information are collected to the station terminal DTU, and then the station terminal DTU transmits the data to the distribution automation master station or monitoring system through the transmission unit.

6. The digital intelligent system for realizing a medium and low voltage real distribution network according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The load part includes: Distribution transformer, used for voltage transformation and distribution of electric energy; power load, including various types of electrical equipment; the distribution transformer, through holographic perception of electrical quantities and state quantities, collects the perceived electrical quantities and state quantities to the intelligent fusion terminal, and then the intelligent fusion terminal transmits the data to the distribution automation master station or monitoring system through the transmission unit.

7. The digital intelligent system for realizing a medium and low voltage real distribution network according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The distribution automation master station or monitoring system is used to realize holographic perception of electrical quantities and state quantities of the distribution network, fault analysis, fault isolation, restoration of power supply, and active early warning analysis and judgment of working conditions.

8. A method for realizing a digital intelligent system of a medium and low voltage real distribution network based on any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Voltage conversion and circuit control: The substation in-station units first perform voltage conversion and adjust the voltage to the level of the distribution network through the main transformer; The busbar connects the output of the main transformer to the outgoing switch to facilitate the distribution of power; The outgoing line switch is responsible for controlling and protecting the circuit to ensure the safe operation of the power system under various conditions; The neutral point device provides different grounding methods to meet different system stability and safety requirements; (2) Constructing the transmission path: The grid unit is responsible for constructing the transmission path of the distribution network; Overhead lines transmit electricity in the space above the ground through overhead conductors and primary and secondary fused pole switches, reducing the impact of ground obstacles and facilitating maintenance and monitoring; The cable line transmits power through underground cables and primary and secondary fusion ring network boxes in urban environments, underground passages or areas where overhead lines are not suitable; Overhead cable hybrid lines combine the characteristics of overhead lines and cable lines to adapt to different geographical and environmental conditions; (3) Access to electrical equipment: The load unit is connected to the electrical equipment, including various types of electrical loads; Distribution transformers are responsible for transforming and distributing electrical energy in load units; (4) Data collection: State perception sensors are installed in grid units and load units to collect information on electrical quantities and state quantities of the distribution network; (5) Data transmission: The feeder terminal FTU and station terminal DTU in the primary and secondary fusion pole switch and the primary and secondary fusion ring network box are responsible for data collection and execution of control commands; and the collected data is sent to the distribution automation master station or monitoring system through the transmission unit; (6) Data analysis and decision-making: The distribution automation master station or monitoring system receives data from the intelligent terminal, performs holographic perception of the data, and analyzes the operating status of the distribution network; The distribution automation master station or monitoring system conducts fault analysis, identifies and locates faults in the system; When a fault occurs, perform fault isolation to prevent the fault from spreading to other areas; The distribution automation master station or monitoring system conducts active early warning analysis and judgment of the operating conditions, actively monitors the system status, and warns of possible failures or abnormal conditions.

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