Metal crushed aggregate recycling device and application

Abstract

The invention discloses a metal crushed aggregate recycling device and application, the metal crushed aggregate recycling device comprises a fixedly arranged outer cylinder, a heating mechanism arranged on the periphery of the outer cylinder, a middle cylinder arranged in the outer cylinder, a pressing rod arranged in the middle cylinder, and the inner wall of the outer cylinder and the outer wall of the middle cylinder are in movable sealing fit; the inner wall of the middle cylinder is also in movable sealing fit with the outer wall of the pressing rod; a cavity is axially formed in the pressing rod, and the lower end of the cavity is communicated with a stock bin in the outer cylinder; when the pressing rod is fixed at a set height, the middle barrel is controlled to press downwards to extrude and form materials in the stock bin; the device can be applied to welding engineering and the aspect of preparing metal planting columns. According to the method, rapid solid-phase filamentation of the metal crushed aggregates is achieved, and the obtained wire is continuous in forming, compact in structure, fine in grain and good in mechanical property.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of metal scrap processing, and in particular to a metal scrap recycling device and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Advanced metal processing has extremely broad development prospects, such as EDM, ultra-precision grinding, additive manufacturing, etc. However, both additive and subtractive metal processing will produce processing waste, which will bring challenges to fields such as space on-orbit manufacturing. In addition, with the service and retirement of metal equipment, waste metals are also in urgent need of recycling methods to meet the requirements of green and sustainable development.

[0003] In the prior art, document CN 206446155U discloses a metal scrap automatic collection and briquetting device, and document CN105583216A discloses a metal scrap processing and recycling method, which squeezes the metal scraps into blocks. Document CN115446318A provides a plasticizing and recycling device and method for metal scraps. When recycling metal scraps, the scraps are directly cleaned and placed in a material cavity, and the scraps are squeezed and rubbed by tools to achieve a plasticized state, and then the plasticized metal scraps are directly coated on the surface of other materials. Although this method can directly recycle materials, it requires a substrate for coating, and the recycled metal can only exist in the form of coating and deposition materials, and the recycling method is not flexible. In the above schemes, when processing metal scraps, the scraps are squeezed into blocks by pressure for recycling, or the metal materials are directly plasticized and coated by extrusion and friction to achieve waste application. However, these existing schemes are difficult to directly convert metal scraps into metal raw materials that can be directly used in welding or additive manufacturing.

[0004] In addition, the current drawing (wire drawing) technology route is used when preparing the filling wires required for welding and additive filling, as well as metal implants (metal columns). In particular, the preparation of metal implants requires first drawing and then shearing, which requires high toughness of the drawn material, and has low efficiency and difficult to control precision. Therefore, how to efficiently prepare the required wires and metal implants is also a problem that needs to be solved. More importantly, there is currently no way to quickly prepare high-precision metal implants with a length of 3-4mm, and this technical problem also needs to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0005] At least in view of the problems mentioned in the background technology, the present invention aims to provide a metal scrap recycling device and application.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0007] A metal scrap recycling and reuse device comprises a fixedly arranged outer cylinder, a heating mechanism is arranged on the periphery of the outer cylinder, an intermediate cylinder is arranged inside the outer cylinder, a pressure rod is arranged inside the intermediate cylinder, the inner wall of the outer cylinder and the outer wall of the intermediate cylinder are in movable sealing cooperation, and the inner wall of the intermediate cylinder and the outer wall of the pressure rod are also in movable sealing cooperation; a cavity is axially arranged on the pressure rod, and the lower end of the cavity is communicated with a silo in the outer cylinder; when the pressure rod is fixed at a set height, the material in the silo is squeezed into shape by controlling the intermediate cylinder to press downward.

[0008] In order to more smoothly prepare the wire required for welding or additive filling, a rotatable base is arranged under the outer cylinder, the base is connected to the rotation drive mechanism, and the slide rail on the base fits in the slide groove at the bottom end of the outer cylinder; a concave cavity is arranged on the base, and a thread is arranged on the inner wall of the concave cavity.

[0009] Furthermore, a truncation portion is provided on the bottom wall of the concave cavity, and the truncation portion is adapted to the lower part of the cavity; when the intermediate cylinder is fixed, the truncation portion is inserted into the lower part of the cavity by controlling the pressure rod to move downward to the extreme position, thereby realizing the truncation and separation of the workpiece in the cavity and the material in the silo.

[0010] Furthermore, a feed port is provided on the upper side wall of the outer cylinder, and the feed port is connected to the drying device and the cleaning device through a material conveying line.

[0011] Furthermore, the concave cavity and the lower part of the pressure rod are both in a frustum shape.

[0012] Furthermore, a turbine drive mechanism or a screw drive mechanism is arranged on the upper part of the intermediate cylinder.

[0013] An application of the above-mentioned metal scrap recycling device in welding engineering comprises the following steps: Step 1, collecting the metal waste generated during the friction stir welding process and sequentially placing it into a cleaning device and a drying device for cleaning and drying, then introducing the metal waste into a silo, and heating the metal waste in the silo; Step 2, controlling the base to rotate at a set speed, controlling the driving mechanism of the intermediate cylinder to operate, so that the intermediate cylinder moves downward according to the set process parameters, so that the extruded metal wire extends out from the top of the cavity; Step 3, at a set time point, control the pressure rod to move down to the limit position, so that the cut-off portion is inserted into the lower part of the cavity, thereby cutting and separating the metal wire in the cavity and the material in the silo, and obtaining the metal wire that can be directly used for welding.

[0014] An application of the above-mentioned metal scrap recycling device in the preparation of metal planting columns comprises the following steps: Step 11, inserting a rod body that can move up and down into the cavity, connecting the top of the rod body to a telescopic device, the rod body and the cavity are coaxial, and controlling the telescopic rod of the telescopic device to be in an initial state, at which time, the lower end of the rod body extends into the cavity; Step 12, collecting the metal waste and sequentially placing it into a cleaning device and a drying device for cleaning and drying, and then introducing the metal waste into a silo and heating the metal waste in the silo; Step 13, controlling the base to rotate at a set speed, controlling the driving mechanism of the intermediate cylinder to operate, so that the intermediate cylinder moves downward according to the set process parameters, so that the extruded metal material enters the cavity; Step 14, at the set time point 1, control the pressure rod to move down to the limit position, so that the cut-off portion is inserted into the lower part of the cavity, so as to cut off and separate the metal wire in the cavity from the material in the silo, and obtain a metal column blank; in this process, the lower end of the rod body serves as a shaping component of the upper end of the metal column blank; Step 15, at the set time point 2, the telescopic rod of the telescopic device is controlled to be further extended, and the metal column blank is pushed downward by the rod body. In this process, the upper end of the cut-off portion serves as a shaping component of the lower end of the metal column blank, thereby obtaining a metal column; Step 16, controlling the telescopic rod of the telescope to fully retract so that the lower end of the rod is located above the cavity, and then controlling the driving mechanism of the intermediate cylinder to move the intermediate cylinder downward to a target height, so as to push the obtained metal column out of the cavity; Step 17, controlling the intermediate cylinder to reset, and then performing steps 11 to 16 once or multiple times to prepare metal implants in batches.

[0015] Preferably, the metal implant column has a length of 3-10 mm and a diameter or side length of 3-6 mm.

[0016] Preferably, the rotation speed of the base is controlled to be 200-1000rpm, and the downward movement speed of the intermediate cylinder is 20-50mm / min; and the metal material is aluminum alloy or tin alloy.

[0017] Beneficial effects: The scheme of the present invention can realize the rapid solid-phase wire-forming of metal scraps (such as metal chips, powder, etc.), and the obtained wire material has continuous forming, dense structure, fine grains, and good mechanical properties, avoiding the extrusion and remelting process during traditional metal recovery, and can also avoid the series of problems such as coarse grains, pores, cracks, high residual stress, and non-dense structure caused by the remelting process in the traditional metal recovery scheme; the present invention can also realize the recovery of metal residues and waste materials in the process of subtractive and additive processing such as stir friction welding, metal milling, and turning. The recovery process is simple, the operation difficulty is small, and the metal recycling efficiency is high. The recovered metal wire can be directly used as a filling material in the next step of metal welding and additive manufacturing. More importantly, the scheme of the present invention can not only efficiently and smoothly prepare the required wire material, but also efficiently and smoothly prepare high-precision metal planting columns with a length of 3-4mm, realizing the multi-occasion application of the metal scrap recovery and reuse device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the metal scrap recycling device in Example 1; Figure 2 Schematic cross-sectional view of the metal scrap recycling device in Example 1; Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the metal scrap recycling device in Example 2; Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the metal scrap recovery and reuse device in Example 3 when in use. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention is described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0020] Combination Figure 1 to Figure 2 As shown, a metal scrap recycling and reuse device comprises a fixedly arranged outer cylinder 4, a heating mechanism 5 is arranged on the periphery of the outer cylinder 4, the heating mechanism 5 adopts an induction heating system, an intermediate cylinder 2 is arranged in the outer cylinder 4, a pressure rod 1 is arranged in the intermediate cylinder 2, the inner wall of the outer cylinder 4 and the outer wall of the intermediate cylinder 2 are in active sealing cooperation, and the inner wall of the intermediate cylinder 2 and the outer wall of the pressure rod 1 are also in active sealing cooperation; a cavity 21 is axially arranged on the pressure rod 1, and the lower end of the cavity 21 is communicated with the silo 14 in the outer cylinder 4; when the pressure rod 1 is fixed at a set height, the material in the silo 14 is squeezed and formed by controlling the intermediate cylinder 2 to be pressed down.

[0021] In this embodiment, a rotatable base 6 is provided below the outer cylinder 4, the base 6 is connected to a rotary drive mechanism (including a motor 9 and a transmission gear 10, the output end of the motor 9 is meshed with a gear on the base 6 through the transmission gear 10), and the slide rail 13 on the base 6 is matched in the slide groove at the bottom end of the outer cylinder 4; a concave cavity is provided on the base 6, and a thread 12 is provided on the inner wall of the concave cavity, and the pitch of the thread 12 is 3mm (used to drive the plasticized material to move downward, which is conducive to more smoothly preparing the wire required for welding or additive filling). A truncation portion 16 is provided on the bottom wall of the concave cavity, and the truncation portion 16 is adapted to the lower part of the cavity 21, and the truncation portion 16 is a cylinder with a height of 1.5mm; when the intermediate cylinder 2 is fixed, the truncation portion 16 is inserted into the lower part of the cavity 21 by controlling the pressure rod 1 to move downward to the limit position, thereby realizing the truncation and separation of the workpiece in the cavity 21 and the material in the silo 14. A feed port 11 is provided on the upper side wall of the outer cylinder 4, and the feed port 11 is connected to the drying device and the cleaning device through a material conveying line. The concave cavity and the lower part of the pressure rod 1 are both in a frustum shape. A turbine drive mechanism or a screw drive mechanism (the screw drive mechanism is preferably used) is connected to the upper part of the intermediate cylinder 2. The outer cylinder 4, the intermediate cylinder 2, the pressure rod 1, and the base 6 are all made of H13 tool steel.

[0022] When in use, the cleaned and dried metal scraps are introduced into the silo 14 and heated to make the metal scraps, and the pressure rod 1 is controlled to move downward (the pressure rod 1 is controlled to move downward by a screw lifting mechanism), and the base 6 is controlled to rotate (the base 6 is controlled to rotate by a motor 9, note: when the lower end of the intermediate cylinder 2 just contacts the metal scraps, the pressure rod 1 needs to be controlled to pause for a preset time, so that the metal scraps can be fully plasticized by rotating and heating the base 6), and the plasticized metal materials will be squeezed into the cavity 21. As the pressure rod 1 and / or the intermediate cylinder 2 continue to move downward (the intermediate cylinder 2 is controlled to move downward by a screw driving mechanism), the plasticized metal materials will continue to be squeezed into the cavity 21 to form wire materials, and finally extend out from the top of the cavity 21. Example 2

[0023] An application of the metal scrap recycling device in Example 1 in a welding project, setting the diameter of the cavity 21 to 2 mm and the diameter of the cut-off portion 16 to 1.8 mm, for recycling metal scrap (AA6061 aluminum alloy) and preparing aluminum alloy wire with a diameter of 2 mm, comprises the following steps: Step 1, collect the metal waste generated during the friction stir welding process and sequentially place it into a cleaning device and a drying device for cleaning (chemical reagent cleaning) and drying, then introduce the metal waste into a silo 14, and heat the metal waste in the silo 14 at a heating temperature of 150° C.; Step 2, adjust the position of the pressure rod 1 so that the distance between the bottom end of the pressure rod 1 and the bottom wall of the concave cavity of the base 6 is 3 mm, that is, the distance between the lower end of the pressure rod 1 and the top end of the truncation portion 16 is controlled to be 1.5 mm. The corresponding position plays a role in ensuring that the obtained wire has excellent mechanical properties and is convenient for accurately and quickly cutting the prepared wire; control the base 6 to rotate at a set speed (the rotation speed is controlled to be 500 rpm), control the driving mechanism of the intermediate cylinder 2 to operate, and make the intermediate cylinder 2 move downward according to the set process parameters (the downward movement speed of the intermediate cylinder 2 is 30 mm / min). When the lower end of the intermediate cylinder 2 just contacts the metal scraps, it is necessary to control the pressure rod 1 to pause for ten seconds to facilitate the full plasticization of the metal scraps, and then continue to control the intermediate cylinder 2 to move downward, so that the extruded metal wire extends from the top of the cavity 21; Step 3, at a set time point, control the pressure rod 1 to move downward to the limit position, so that the cut-off portion 16 is inserted into the lower part of the cavity 21, so as to cut off and separate the metal wire in the cavity 21 from the material in the silo 14, and obtain the metal wire that can be directly used for welding; After the processing is completed, keep the base 6 rotating slowly, press the pressure rod 1 to the bottom of the base 6, and cut the metal wire; then, slowly withdraw the pressure rod 1 and the intermediate cylinder 2 from the base 6, and finally use chemical reagents to clean the pressure rod, cylinder, and base to remove the attached metal chips and dry them.

[0024] By adopting the scheme in this embodiment, the wire required for welding can be prepared efficiently and smoothly. Compared with the conventional drawing process, the wire forming efficiency is greatly improved, and the length of the prepared wire can be flexibly adjusted; the prepared AA6061 aluminum alloy wire has a tensile strength of 230Mpa (T4 state), a grain size of 5~16μm, and no defects such as pores and cracks, which meets the use requirements of welding wire.

[0025] By adopting the scheme of this embodiment, it is possible to realize the rapid solid-phase wire-forming of metal scraps (such as metal chips, powder, etc.), and the obtained wire material has continuous forming, dense structure, fine grains, and good mechanical properties, avoiding the extrusion and remelting process during traditional metal recycling, and also avoiding a series of problems such as coarse grains, pores, cracks, high residual stress, and loose structure caused by the remelting process in the traditional metal recycling scheme; it is also possible to realize the recycling of metal surplus and waste materials in the process of subtractive and additive processing such as stir friction welding, metal milling, and turning. The recycling process is simple, the operation difficulty is small, and the metal recycling efficiency is high. The recycled metal wire can be directly used as a filling material for metal welding in the next step of the additive manufacturing process. Example 3

[0026] An application of the metal scrap recycling device in Example 1 in preparing a metal planting column is used to prepare a tin column with a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 3 mm, and the steps include: Step 11, Combine Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a rod body 20 that can move up and down is inserted into the cavity 21, and the top of the rod body 20 is connected to the telescopic device 19 (the telescopic rod of the telescopic device 19 has three states, one is that the telescopic rod is in the initial state, the second is that the telescopic rod is in a retracted state relative to the initial state, and the third is that the telescopic rod is in an extended state relative to the initial state). The telescopic device 19 and the rod body 20 are installed in place when needed, and the rod body 20 is coaxial with the cavity 21, and controls the telescopic rod of the telescopic device 19 to be in the initial state. At this time, the lower end of the rod body 20 extends into the cavity 21; Step 12, collect the metal waste and put it into the cleaning device and drying device in sequence for cleaning (chemical reagent cleaning) and drying, and then introduce the metal waste into the silo 14 (the state at this time is as shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown in part (1) of FIG. 1 ), and heating the metal waste in the silo 14; Step 13, adjust the position of the pressure rod 1 so that the distance between the bottom end of the pressure rod 1 and the bottom wall of the concave cavity of the base 6 is 2.5 mm, that is, the distance between the lower end of the pressure rod 1 and the top of the truncation portion 16 is controlled to be 1 mm. The role played is to ensure that the obtained metal planting column has excellent mechanical properties and facilitate the accurate and rapid shearing of the prepared metal planting column; The base 6 is controlled to rotate at a set speed (the rotation speed is controlled to be 600 rpm), and the driving mechanism of the intermediate cylinder 2 is controlled to operate so that the intermediate cylinder 2 moves downward according to the set process parameters (the downward movement speed of the intermediate cylinder 2 is 35 mm / min), so that the extruded metal material enters the cavity 21; Step 14, at the set time point 1, the pressure rod 1 is controlled to move downward to the limit position, so that the cut-off portion 16 is inserted into the lower part of the cavity 21, so as to cut off and separate the metal wire in the cavity 21 from the material in the silo 14, and obtain the metal column blank. Figure 4 As shown in part (2) of the figure; in this process, the lower end of the rod body 20 serves as a shaping and flattening component for the upper end of the metal column blank; if the lower end of the rod body 20 is not inserted into the mold cavity 21 in this step, the upper end of the obtained metal column blank / stub will not be flat); Step 15, at the set time point 2, the telescopic rod of the telescopic device 19 is controlled to further extend, and the metal column blank is pushed downward by the rod body 20. In this process, the upper end of the cut-off portion 16 serves as a shaping and flattening component of the lower end of the metal column blank, thereby obtaining the metal column 18; Step 16, control the telescopic rod of the telescopic device 19 to fully retract, so that the lower end of the rod body 20 is located above the cavity 21, and then control the driving mechanism of the intermediate cylinder 2 to move the intermediate cylinder 2 downward to the target height, so as to push the obtained metal planting column upward to the outside of the cavity 21. The state at this time is as follows: Figure 4 As shown in part (3); Step 17, control the intermediate cylinder 2 to reset, and then perform steps 11 to 16 once or multiple times to prepare metal planting columns in batches.

[0027] By adopting the scheme in this embodiment, not only the required wire material can be efficiently and smoothly prepared, but also high-precision metal planting columns (tin columns) with a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 2.9~3.05 mm can be efficiently and smoothly prepared. The mechanical properties and end surface flatness of the obtained tin columns meet the use requirements; by adopting the scheme in this embodiment, a metal planting column that meets the requirements can be formed within an average of five seconds, while the conventional drawing + shearing process takes an average of fifteen seconds to form a metal planting column that meets the requirements. In comparison, the preparation efficiency has been significantly improved), realizing the multi-occasion application of the metal scrap recovery and reuse device.

Claims

1. A metal scrap recycling device, comprising a fixedly arranged outer cylinder (4), characterized in that: A heating mechanism (5) is arranged on the periphery of the outer cylinder (4), an intermediate cylinder (2) is arranged inside the outer cylinder (4), a pressure rod (1) is arranged inside the intermediate cylinder (2), the inner wall of the outer cylinder (4) and the outer wall of the intermediate cylinder (2) are in movable sealing cooperation, and the inner wall of the intermediate cylinder (2) and the outer wall of the pressure rod (1) are also in movable sealing cooperation; a cavity (21) is axially arranged on the pressure rod (1), and the lower end of the cavity (21) is communicated with a material bin (14) inside the outer cylinder (4); when the pressure rod (1) is fixed at a set height, the material in the material bin (14) is squeezed and formed by controlling the intermediate cylinder (2) to be pressed downward.

2. The metal scrap recycling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rotatable base (6) is provided below the outer cylinder (4); the base (6) is connected to a rotation drive mechanism; a slide rail (13) on the base (6) fits into a slide groove at the bottom end of the outer cylinder (4); a concave cavity is provided on the base (6), and a thread (12) is provided on the inner wall of the concave cavity.

3. The metal scrap recycling device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A cut-off portion (16) is provided on the bottom wall of the concave cavity, and the cut-off portion (16) is adapted to the lower portion of the cavity (21); when the intermediate cylinder (2) is fixed, the pressure rod (1) is controlled to move downward to an extreme position so that the cut-off portion (16) is inserted into the lower portion of the cavity (21), thereby cutting off and separating the workpiece in the cavity (21) and the material in the silo (14).

4. The metal scrap recycling device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A feed port (11) is provided on the upper side wall of the outer cylinder (4), and the feed port (11) is connected to the drying device and the cleaning device through a material conveying line.

5. The metal scrap recycling device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The concave cavity and the lower part of the pressure rod (1) are both in the shape of a frustum.

6. The metal scrap recycling device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A turbine drive mechanism or a screw drive mechanism is arranged on the upper part of the intermediate cylinder (2).

7. An application of the metal scrap recycling device as claimed in claim 6 in welding engineering, characterized in that the steps include: Step 1, collecting the metal waste generated during the friction stir welding process and sequentially placing it into a cleaning device and a drying device for cleaning and drying, then introducing the metal waste into a silo (14), and heating the metal waste in the silo (14); Step 2, controlling the base (6) to rotate at a set speed, controlling the driving mechanism of the intermediate cylinder (2) to operate, so that the intermediate cylinder (2) moves downward according to set process parameters, so that the extruded metal wire extends out from the top of the cavity (21); Step 3, at a set time point, the pressure rod (1) is controlled to move downward to an extreme position, so that the cut-off portion (16) is inserted into the lower part of the cavity (21), thereby cutting and separating the metal wire in the cavity (21) and the material in the silo (14), thereby obtaining a metal wire that can be directly used for welding.

8. An application of the metal scrap recycling device as claimed in claim 6 in the preparation of metal planting columns, characterized in that the steps include: Step 11, inserting a rod body (20) that can move up and down into the mold cavity (21), the top end of the rod body (20) is connected to the telescopic device (19), the rod body (20) is coaxial with the mold cavity (21), and the telescopic rod of the telescopic device (19) is controlled to be in an initial state, at which time, the lower end of the rod body (20) extends into the mold cavity (21); Step 12, collecting the metal waste and sequentially placing it into a cleaning device and a drying device for cleaning and drying, then introducing the metal waste into a silo (14), and heating the metal waste in the silo (14); Step 13, controlling the base (6) to rotate at a set speed, controlling the driving mechanism of the intermediate cylinder (2) to operate, causing the intermediate cylinder (2) to move downward according to set process parameters, so that the extruded metal material enters the mold cavity (21); Step 14, at a set time point 1, the pressure rod (1) is controlled to move downward to the limit position, so that the cut-off portion (16) is inserted into the lower part of the cavity (21), thereby cutting and separating the metal wire in the cavity (21) and the material in the silo (14), and obtaining a metal column blank; in this process, the lower end of the rod body (20) serves as a shaping component for the upper end of the metal column blank; Step 15, at the set time point 2, the telescopic rod of the telescopic device (19) is controlled to further extend, and the metal column blank is pushed downward by means of the rod body (20). In this process, the upper end of the cut-off portion (16) serves as a shaping component of the lower end of the metal column blank, thereby obtaining a metal column; Step 16, controlling the telescopic rod of the telescopic device (19) to fully retract so that the lower end of the rod body (20) is located above the cavity (21), and then controlling the driving mechanism of the intermediate cylinder (2) to operate so that the intermediate cylinder (2) moves downward to a target height, so as to push the obtained metal column out of the cavity (21); Step 17, controlling the intermediate cylinder (2) to reset, and then performing steps 11 to 16 once or multiple times to prepare metal implants in batches.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that: The length of the metal implant column is 3-10 mm, and the diameter or side length is 3-6 mm.

10. The use according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The rotation speed of the base (6) is controlled to be 200-1000 rpm, and the downward movement speed of the intermediate cylinder (2) is 10-50 mm / min; the metal material is an aluminum alloy or a tin alloy.

Images