An aerogel material, its preparation method and application

Abstract

The present invention discloses an aerogel material, a preparation method thereof, and an application, belonging to the technical field of aerogels. The preparation method of the aerogel material includes the following steps: Step 1: Prepare a stabilizer; Step 2: Prepare a silicon precursor; Step 3: Catalyze the formation of silica sol; Step 4: Modification treatment, including primary freeze modification and secondary freeze modification; Step 5: Obtain the aerogel material by atmospheric pressure drying. By introducing azobisisobutyronitrile and subjecting the silica sol to freeze modification treatment, the sensitivity of its waterproof and heat insulation properties to temperature changes is significantly weakened. It is worth noting that azobisisobutyronitrile and the freeze-modified silica sol can have a synergistic effect. This compounding not only further weakens the temperature dependence of the waterproof and heat insulation properties of the aerogel, but also significantly enhances its performance at room temperature, while broadening the suitable temperature range for the use of the aerogel and improving its practical value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aerogels, and particularly relates to an aerogel material, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Silica-based aerogel is a reticular porous material, which has the advantages of low density, good heat insulation performance, high hydrophobicity, high porosity, etc.; however, when the use temperature changes, the various properties of the aerogel, especially the heat insulation performance and hydrophobicity, will be affected. Therefore, reducing the temperature sensitivity of the various properties of the aerogel (especially the heat insulation performance and hydrophobicity) has become an urgent problem to be solved at present.

[0003] Based on this, the present invention designs an aerogel material, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned disadvantages existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an aerogel material, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A preparation method of an aerogel material, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Prepare a stabilizer;

[0008] Gradually heat azobisisobutyronitrile powder to a molten state, dissolve the molten azobisisobutyronitrile in ethanol, and stir to obtain a stabilizer;

[0009] Step 2: Prepare a silicon precursor;

[0010] Take industrial silicon slag with silica as the main component, grind it into powder, pickle it with an acid pickling solution for 1-2 h to remove alumina and alkali, and dry it at 40-50 °C to obtain a silicon precursor;

[0011] Step 3: Catalyze the formation of silica sol;

[0012] Add the silicon precursor to concentrated ammonia water, stir for 10-15 min to obtain activated silicon, add the activated silicon to the stabilizer, and catalyze for 2-3 h to form silica sol;

[0013] Step 4: Modification treatment;

[0014] First-stage freezing modification: Store the silica sol at -5 to -2 °C for 25-35 min, and then naturally warm it up to room temperature;

[0015] Second-stage freezing modification: Store the silica sol after the first-stage freezing modification at -8 to -10 °C for 25-35 min; naturally warm it up to room temperature;

[0016] Step Five: Obtain the aerogel material through atmospheric drying.

[0017] Further, Step One is specifically as follows: Gradually heat the azobisisobutyronitrile powder until it is in a molten state, dissolve the molten azobisisobutyronitrile in ethanol, and stir for 20 - 30 min at 150 - 200 r / min to obtain a stabilizer.

[0018] Further, in Step One, the mass ratio of azobisisobutyronitrile to ethanol is 1.5 - 2:100 - 120.

[0019] Further, the heating temperature of the azobisisobutyronitrile powder is 110 - 120 °C.

[0020] Further, Step Two is specifically as follows: Take industrial silicon slag with silicon dioxide as the main component, grind it into powder, pickle it with an acid pickling solution for 1 - 2 h to remove alumina and alkali, and dry it at 40 - 50 °C to obtain a silicon precursor.

[0021] Further, the industrial silicon slag powder passes through a 50 - 70 - mesh sieve.

[0022] Further, the pH of the acid pickling solution is 2 - 3.

[0023] Further, Step Three is specifically as follows: Add 0.5 - 1 part of the silicon precursor to 0.2 - 0.5 part of concentrated ammonia water, stir at 150 - 200 r / min for 10 - 15 min to obtain activated silicon, and add the activated silicon to the stabilizer to catalyze for 2 - 3 h to generate silica sol.

[0024] An aerogel material prepared by the preparation method of the aerogel material described above.

[0025] An application of the aerogel material described above in the preparation of waterproof river sand, waterproof quartz sand, desert improver, curing agent, and waterproof agent.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] By introducing azobisisobutyronitrile, the waterproof and heat - insulation performance of the aerogel at high - temperature environments is significantly improved, almost reaching the level equivalent to that at normal temperature, thereby significantly weakening the sensitivity of its waterproof and heat - insulation performance to temperature changes. Further, the one - stage and two - stage freezing modification treatments on the silica sol also effectively reduce the temperature sensitivity of these properties of the aerogel. It should be noted that according to the analysis of comparative experimental data, azobisisobutyronitrile and the silica sol modified by freezing can have a synergistic effect. This compounding not only further weakens the temperature dependence of the waterproof and heat - insulation performance of the aerogel, but also significantly enhances its performance at normal temperature, while broadening the suitable temperature range for the use of the aerogel and improving its practical value.

[0028] In addition, the present invention uses industrial silicon slag as a raw material to produce aerogel, a new type of green and environmentally friendly thermal insulation material for construction, reducing environmental pollution caused by industrial solid waste, achieving energy conservation and emission reduction while protecting the environment, and truly realizing green buildings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and those of ordinary skill in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0030] Figure 1 Sample of the aerogel material prepared by the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0031] Figure 2 Sample of the aerogel material prepared by the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0032] Figure 3 Sample diagram of waterproof river sand prepared from the aerogel material;

[0033] Figure 4 Sample diagram of waterproof quartz sand prepared from the aerogel material;

[0034] Figure 5 Sample diagram of a desert improver prepared from the aerogel material;

[0035] Figure 6 Sample diagram of a curing agent prepared from the aerogel material;

[0036] Figure 7 Sample diagram of a waterproof agent prepared from the aerogel material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1: As Figure 1-2 , this example provides a method for preparing an aerogel material, including the following steps:

[0039] Step 1: Prepare a stabilizer;

[0040] 2 g of azobisisobutyronitrile powder was gradually heated to 120°C to be in a molten state, the molten azobisisobutyronitrile was dissolved in 120 g of 70% ethanol, and stirred at 200 r / min for 30 min to obtain a stabilizer;

[0041] Step 2: preparing silicon precursor;

[0042] Industrial silicon slag whose main component is silicon dioxide is taken, ground into powder, passed through a 70-mesh sieve, pickled with a pH 2 pickling solution for 2 hours to remove aluminum oxide and alkali, and dried at 50° C. to obtain a silicon precursor;

[0043] Step 3: catalyzing the formation of silica sol;

[0044] 1g of silicon precursor was added to 0.5g of concentrated ammonia water, and the mixture was stirred at 200r / min for 15min to obtain activated silicon. The activated silicon was added to the stabilizer and catalyzed for 3h to generate silica sol.

[0045] Step 4: Modification treatment;

[0046] First stage freezing modification: the silica sol is stored at -5°C for 35 min and then naturally warmed to room temperature;

[0047] Second stage freezing modification: store the silica sol after first stage freezing modification at -10℃ for 35min and then naturally heat it to room temperature;

[0048] Step 5: Drying at normal pressure to obtain an aerogel material;

[0049] The silica sol to be dried is sealed and then heated in a water bath, and the mass and real-time temperature of the silica sol to be dried are collected; the stirring time and initial stirring rate during water bath heating are determined, and the initial stirring rate is adjusted according to the real-time temperature to obtain the aerogel to be dried; the viscosity data of the aerogel to be dried is collected to determine whether the water bath heating is qualified; when the water bath heating is determined to be qualified, the aerogel to be dried is loaded into a thin sheet mold and placed in a drying chamber for normal pressure drying; when drying at normal pressure, the initial speed of the drying fan is determined according to the arrangement density; the real-time mass data of the aerogel to be dried is collected to determine whether the initial speed is adjusted.

[0050] The atmospheric pressure drying method is based on a atmospheric pressure drying method and system for silicon-based aerogel disclosed in Chinese patent CN116929005A.

[0051] Example 2: Figure 1-2 This embodiment provides a method for preparing an aerogel material, comprising the following steps:

[0052] Step 1: preparing a stabilizer;

[0053] Gradually heat 1.5 g of azobisisobutyronitrile powder to 110 °C until it becomes molten, and dissolve the molten azobisisobutyronitrile in 100 g of 70% ethanol. Stir at 150 r / min for 20 min to obtain a stabilizer;

[0054] Step 2: Prepare a silicon precursor;

[0055] Take industrial silicon slag with silica as the main component, grind it into powder, pass through a 50-mesh sieve, pickle it with an acid pickling solution with a pH of 3 for 1 h to remove alumina and alkali, and dry it at 40 °C to obtain a silicon precursor;

[0056] Step 3: Catalyze the formation of silica sol;

[0057] Add 0.5 g of the silicon precursor to 0.2 g of concentrated ammonia water, stir at 150 r / min for 10 min to obtain activated silicon, and add the activated silicon to the stabilizer to catalyze for 2 h to form silica sol;

[0058] Step 4: Modification treatment;

[0059] First-stage freezing modification: Store the silica sol at -2 °C for 25 min, and then naturally warm it up to room temperature;

[0060] Second-stage freezing modification: Store the silica sol after the first-stage freezing modification at -8 °C for 25 min; naturally warm it up to room temperature;

[0061] Step 5: Obtain an aerogel material by atmospheric pressure drying;

[0062] Seal the silica sol to be dried and perform water bath heating. Collect the mass and real-time temperature of the silica sol to be dried; determine the stirring time and initial stirring rate during water bath heating, and adjust the initial stirring rate according to the real-time temperature to obtain the aerogel to be dried; collect the viscosity data of the aerogel to be dried to judge whether the water bath heating is qualified; when it is determined that the water bath heating is qualified, put the aerogel to be dried into a thin sheet mold and place it in a drying room for atmospheric pressure drying; during atmospheric pressure drying, determine the initial rotation speed of the drying fan according to the arrangement density; collect the real-time mass data of the aerogel to be dried and judge whether to adjust the initial rotation speed.

[0063] The atmospheric pressure drying method refers to an atmospheric pressure drying method and system for silica-based aerogels disclosed in Chinese Patent CN116929005A.

[0064] Example 3: As Figure 1-2 , this example provides a method for preparing an aerogel material, including the following steps:

[0065] Step 1: Prepare a stabilizer;

[0066] Gradually heat 1.6 g of azobisisobutyronitrile powder to 13 °C until it becomes molten, and dissolve the molten azobisisobutyronitrile in 105 g of 70% ethanol. Stir at 180 r / min for 22 min to obtain a stabilizer;

[0067] Step 2: Prepare a silicon precursor;

[0068] Take industrial silicon slag with silica as the main component, grind it into powder, pass through a 70-mesh sieve, pickle it with an acid washing solution with a pH of 2.5 for 2 h to remove alumina and alkali, and dry it at 48 °C to obtain a silicon precursor;

[0069] Step 3: Catalyze the formation of silica sol;

[0070] Add 0.8 g of the silicon precursor to 0.4 g of concentrated ammonia water, stir at 170 r / min for 13 min to obtain activated silicon, and add the activated silicon to the stabilizer to catalyze for 3 h to form silica sol;

[0071] Step 4: Modification treatment;

[0072] First-stage freezing modification: Keep the silica sol at -3 °C for 30 min, and then naturally warm it up to room temperature;

[0073] Second-stage freezing modification: Keep the silica sol after the first-stage freezing modification at -10 °C for 30 min; naturally warm it up to room temperature;

[0074] Step 5: Obtain an aerogel material by atmospheric drying;

[0075] Seal the silica sol to be dried and perform water bath heating. Collect the mass and real-time temperature of the silica sol to be dried; determine the stirring time and initial stirring rate during water bath heating, and adjust the initial stirring rate according to the real-time temperature to obtain the aerogel to be dried; collect the viscosity data of the aerogel to be dried to determine whether the water bath heating is qualified; when it is determined that the water bath heating is qualified, put the aerogel to be dried into a thin sheet mold and place it in a drying room for atmospheric drying; during atmospheric drying, determine the initial rotation speed of the drying fan according to the arrangement density; collect the real-time mass data of the aerogel to be dried to determine whether to adjust the initial rotation speed.

[0076] The atmospheric drying method refers to an atmospheric drying method and system for silica-based aerogels disclosed in Chinese Patent CN116929005A.

[0077] Example 4: In some embodiments, as Figure 3 shown, add the aerogel material prepared in Example 3 to the waterproof river sand raw material to obtain aerogel waterproof river sand.

[0078] Example 5: In some embodiments, as Figure 4As shown, the aerogel material prepared in Example 3 was added to the waterproof quartz sand raw material to obtain aerogel waterproof quartz sand.

[0079] Example 6: In some embodiments, as Figure 5 shown, the aerogel material prepared in Example 3 was added to the desert improver raw material to obtain aerogel desert improver.

[0080] Example 7: In some embodiments, as Figure 6 shown, the aerogel material prepared in Example 3 was added to the curing agent raw material to obtain aerogel curing agent.

[0081] Example 8: In some embodiments, as Figure 7 shown, the aerogel material prepared in Example 3 was added to the waterproofing agent raw material to obtain aerogel waterproofing agent.

[0082] Comparative Example 1: The difference from Example 3 was that azobisisobutyronitrile was not added;

[0083] As Figure 1-2 , this comparative example provides a preparation method of an aerogel material, including the following steps:

[0084] Step 1: Prepare a stabilizer;

[0085] 105 g of 70% ethanol was stirred at 180 r / min for 22 min to obtain a stabilizer;

[0086] Step 2: Prepare a silicon precursor;

[0087] Take industrial silicon slag with silica as the main component, grind it into powder, pass through a 70-mesh sieve, pickle it with an acid pickling solution with a pH of 2.5 for 2 h to remove alumina and alkali, and dry it at 48 °C to obtain a silicon precursor;

[0088] Step 3: Catalyze the formation of silica sol;

[0089] 0.8 g of the silicon precursor was added to 0.4 g of concentrated ammonia water, stirred at 170 r / min for 13 min to obtain activated silicon, and the activated silicon was added to the stabilizer and catalyzed for 3 h to form silica sol;

[0090] Step 4: Modification treatment;

[0091] First-stage freezing modification: The silica sol was stored at -3 °C for 30 min and then naturally warmed to room temperature;

[0092] Second-stage freezing modification: The silica sol after the first-stage freezing modification was stored at -10 °C for 30 min; and naturally warmed to room temperature;

[0093] Step 5: Obtain the aerogel material by atmospheric drying;

[0094] Seal the silica sol to be dried and perform water bath heating. Collect the mass and real-time temperature of the silica sol to be dried. Determine the stirring time and initial stirring rate during water bath heating, and adjust the initial stirring rate according to the real-time temperature to obtain the aerogel to be dried. Collect the viscosity data of the aerogel to be dried to judge whether the water bath heating is qualified. After determining that the water bath heating is qualified, place the aerogel to be dried in a flaky mold and perform atmospheric drying in a drying chamber. During atmospheric drying, determine the initial rotation speed of the drying fan according to the arrangement density. Collect the real-time mass data of the aerogel to be dried to judge whether to adjust the initial rotation speed.

[0095] The atmospheric drying method refers to an atmospheric drying method and system for silica-based aerogel disclosed in Chinese Patent CN116929005A.

[0096] Comparative Example 2: The difference from Example 3 is that the silica sol is not modified.

[0097] As Figure 1-2 , this comparative example provides a preparation method of an aerogel material, including the following steps:

[0098] Step 1: Prepare a stabilizer.

[0099] Gradually heat 1.6 g of azobisisobutyronitrile powder to 13 °C until it is in a molten state, dissolve the molten azobisisobutyronitrile in 105 g of 70% ethanol, and stir at 180 r / min for 22 min to obtain a stabilizer.

[0100] Step 2: Prepare a silicon precursor.

[0101] Take industrial silicon slag with silica as the main component, grind it into powder, pass through a 70-mesh sieve, pickle it with an acid washing solution with a pH of 2.5 for 2 h to remove alumina and alkali, and dry it at 48 °C to obtain a silicon precursor.

[0102] Step 3: Catalyze the formation of silica sol.

[0103] Add 0.8 g of the silicon precursor to 0.4 g of concentrated ammonia water, stir at 170 r / min for 13 min to obtain activated silicon, and add the activated silicon to the stabilizer to catalyze for 3 h to generate silica sol.

[0104] Step 4: Obtain an aerogel material by atmospheric drying.

[0105] Seal the silica sol to be dried and perform water bath heating, and collect the mass and real-time temperature of the silica sol to be dried; determine the stirring time and initial stirring rate during water bath heating, and adjust the initial stirring rate according to the real-time temperature to obtain the aerogel to be dried; collect the viscosity data of the aerogel to be dried to judge whether the water bath heating is qualified; when it is determined that the water bath heating is qualified, place the aerogel to be dried in a thin sheet mold and place it in a drying room for atmospheric drying; during atmospheric drying, determine the initial rotation speed of the drying fan according to the arrangement density; collect the real-time mass data of the aerogel to be dried and judge whether to adjust the initial rotation speed.

[0106] The atmospheric drying method refers to an atmospheric drying method and system for silica-based aerogels disclosed in Chinese Patent CN116929005A.

[0107] Comparative Example 3: The difference from Example 3 is that neither azobisisobutyronitrile is added nor the silica sol is modified.

[0108] As Figure 1-2 , this comparative example provides a preparation method of an aerogel material, including the following steps:

[0109] Step 1: Prepare a stabilizer.

[0110] Stir 105 g of 70% ethanol at 180 r / min for 22 min to obtain a stabilizer.

[0111] Step 2: Prepare a silicon precursor.

[0112] Take industrial silicon slag with silica as the main component, grind it into powder, pass through a 70-mesh sieve, pickle it with an acid pickling solution with a pH of 2.5 for 2 h to remove alumina and alkali, and dry it at 48 °C to obtain a silicon precursor.

[0113] Step 3: Catalyze to generate silica sol.

[0114] Add 0.8 g of the silicon precursor to 0.4 g of concentrated ammonia water, stir at 170 r / min for 13 min to obtain activated silicon, and add the activated silicon to the stabilizer and catalyze for 3 h to generate silica sol.

[0115] Step 4: Obtain an aerogel material by atmospheric drying.

[0116] Seal the silica sol to be dried and perform water bath heating. Collect the mass and real-time temperature of the silica sol to be dried. Determine the stirring time and initial stirring rate during water bath heating, and adjust the initial stirring rate according to the real-time temperature to obtain the aerogel to be dried. Collect the viscosity data of the aerogel to be dried to judge whether the water bath heating is qualified. When it is determined that the water bath heating is qualified, place the aerogel to be dried in a flaky mold and perform atmospheric drying in a drying chamber. During atmospheric drying, determine the initial rotation speed of the drying fan according to the arrangement density. Collect the real-time mass data of the aerogel to be dried and judge whether to adjust the initial rotation speed.

[0117] The atmospheric drying method refers to an atmospheric drying method and system for silica-based aerogel disclosed in Chinese Patent CN116929005A.

[0118] Experimental example: Perform performance tests on the silica-based aerogels prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3. The results are shown in the following table:

[0119] 1. Thermal conductivity test method at different temperatures: At different temperatures, clamp a 300×300×100 mm 3 test sample between the upper heater and the lower heater with a load of 0.3 MPa, make the temperature difference 20 °C, adjust while forming a one-dimensional heat flow through the protection heater, and measure the upper surface temperature, lower surface temperature, etc. of the test sample. Then, calculate the thermal resistance RS of the test sample through the following formula;

[0120] RS = N((TU - TL) / Q) - RO;

[0121] TU represents the upper surface temperature of the test sample, TL represents the lower surface temperature of the test sample, RO represents the contact thermal resistance of the upper and lower interfaces, Q represents the output of the heat flow meter; N is a proportionality coefficient, which is obtained in advance using a calibration sample;

[0122] Thermal conductivity = d / RS.

[0123] 2. Gradually cool or heat up the prepared aerogel, and obtain the suitable use temperature of the aerogel by observing the physical morphological changes of the aerogel (for example, if it starts to melt and deform above 500 °C, the suitable use temperature is below 500 °C).

[0124] 3. Test the waterproofness at different temperatures: Take a sample with a size of 700×700 mm and a thickness of 12 mm. After conditioning the specimen, clamp the specimen with a holder, place it on the support, and keep the front side of the specimen facing up during the test. The length direction of the specimen is parallel to the water flow direction. Pour 250 mL of test water quickly and steadily into the funnel and continuously spray for 25 s - 30 s. After the spraying stops, immediately remove the holder with the specimen, make the front side of the specimen almost horizontal facing downwards, then gently tap the holder against a solid hard object, rotate the holder 180° horizontally and tap the holder gently again. After the tapping is completed, immediately rate the wetting degree of the front side of the specimen on the holder according to the water contact phenomenon (Grade 4: The surface of the specimen is wetted at scattered spraying points; Grade 4 - 5: The surface of the specimen is not wetted and has a small amount of water droplets; Grade 5: There are no water droplets or wetting on the surface of the specimen).

[0125]

[0126] As can be seen from the above table, by adding azobisisobutyronitrile, the waterproof performance and heat insulation performance of the aerogel at high temperatures are improved, making them almost the same as the waterproof performance and heat insulation performance at normal temperature, that is, reducing the temperature sensitivity of the waterproof performance and heat insulation performance of the aerogel; through the first-stage freezing modification and the second-stage freezing modification treatment of the silica sol, it also plays a role in reducing the temperature sensitivity of the waterproof performance and heat insulation performance of the aerogel; in addition, from the data of Comparative Example 3, it can be seen that azobisisobutyronitrile will be compounded with the silica sol after freezing modification. The combination of the two can not only reduce the temperature sensitivity of the waterproof performance and heat insulation performance of the aerogel, but also improve the waterproof performance and heat insulation performance at normal temperature. In addition, it also increases the suitable temperature range for use.

[0127] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an aerogel material, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: preparing a stabilizer; gradually heating azobisisobutyronitrile powder to a molten state, dissolving the molten azobisisobutyronitrile in ethanol, and stirring to obtain a stabilizer; Step 2: preparing a silicon precursor; Industrial silicon slag whose main component is silicon dioxide is taken, ground into powder, pickled with pickling liquid for 1-2 hours to remove aluminum oxide and alkali, and dried at 40-50°C to obtain a silicon precursor; Step 3: catalyzing the formation of silica sol; Add the silicon precursor to concentrated ammonia water, stir for 10-15 minutes to obtain activated silicon, add the activated silicon to the stabilizer, and catalyze for 2-3 hours to generate silica sol; Step 4: Modification treatment; First stage freezing modification: store the silica sol at -5 to -2°C for 25-35 minutes and then naturally warm it to room temperature; Second stage freezing modification: store the silica sol after the first stage freezing modification at -8--10℃ for 25-35min; then naturally heat it to room temperature; Step 5: Drying at normal pressure to obtain an aerogel material; The step 1 is specifically as follows: gradually heating azobisisobutyronitrile powder to 110-120° C. to melt the azobisisobutyronitrile, dissolving the molten azobisisobutyronitrile in ethanol, and stirring at 150-200 r / min for 20-30 min to obtain a stabilizer; The mass ratio of azobisisobutyronitrile to ethanol is 1.5-2:100-120; Step 2 is specifically, taking industrial silicon slag with a 50-70 mesh sieve and a main component of silicon dioxide, grinding it into powder, pickling it with a pickling solution with a pH of 2-3 for 1-2 hours to remove aluminum oxide and alkali, and drying it at 40-50° C. to obtain a silicon precursor; Step three is specifically as follows: adding 0.5-1 parts of silicon precursor to 0.2-0.5 parts of concentrated ammonia water, stirring at 150-200 r / min for 10-15 minutes to obtain activated silicon, adding the activated silicon to the stabilizer, and catalyzing for 2-3 hours to generate silica sol.

2. An aerogel material prepared according to the method for preparing an aerogel material according to claim 1.

3. Use of the aerogel material as claimed in claim 2 in the preparation of waterproof river sand, waterproof quartz sand, desert improver, curing agent and waterproofing agent.

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