Fertilizer special for efficient cultivation of purple perilla in alpine region and preparation method and fertilization method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a special fertilizer for efficient cultivation of purple perilla in alpine regions and a preparation method and a fertilization method thereof and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. The special fertilizer comprises the following components: 16% of organic matter baked tobacco leaf powder, 9% of China-hemp leaf powder and 9% of flax leaf powder. The fertilizer is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 14% of urea, 17% of P2O5, 30% of K2O, 3% of Ca (H2PO4), 0.2% of cane sugar, 0.8% of lime powder and 1% of bacillus fermentation liquor. The special fertilizer also comprises a small amount of 90-110 [mu] mol / L melatonin solution. The concentration of the bacillus fermentation liquor is 1 * 10 < 9 > cfu. ML <-1 >. The optimal application amount of the compound fertilizer is 462.5 kg / hm < 2 >. The flue-cured tobacco powder disclosed by the invention contains nicotine, nicotine and the like which have a certain killing effect on worm eggs and larvae of underground pests after entering soil, and meanwhile, the content of potassium is relatively high and is generally more than 4%, so that the root system of purple perilla can be more developed, the photosynthesis and photosynthetic intensity of purple perilla are improved, the activity of enzymes in the body of purple perilla is enhanced, and the yield of purple perilla is increased. Various metabolic activities in the body are promoted, and an important promoting effect is achieved on growth and development of stems and leaves of purple perilla, seed formation and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and in particular relates to a special fertilizer for high-efficiency cultivation of perilla in high-cold areas, a preparation method thereof and a fertilization method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Heilongjiang Province is located in a high-altitude cold area. The winter climate is cold for a long time, the spring is windy, with little rain and dryness, and the summer rain is heavy and rapid. Perilla is one of the plants with strong stress resistance and suitable for planting in saline-alkali land. At present, there is no fertilizer specifically for perilla on the market. Commonly used nitrogen-containing fertilizers include urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, etc.; potassium-containing fertilizers include potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium magnesium sulfate, etc. After these water-soluble nitrogen-containing fertilizers and potassium-containing fertilizers are applied to the soil, they are dissolved by the water in the soil and exist in the form of ions. In addition to some of them being absorbed by crops and adsorbed by soil colloids, most of the rest are migrated to the surface or groundwater due to leaching and other reasons, aggravating the degree of salinization of the soil. At the same time, the α-linolenic acid content of perilla grown in Heilongjiang Province is higher than that in other parts of the country. Planting perilla in Heilongjiang has become a trend. There is also a saying that "the world looks to China for perilla, and China's perilla is in Huanan." It is imperative to develop a special fertilizer and fertilization method for efficient cultivation of perilla in high-altitude and cold regions. Summary of the invention

[0003] The invention aims to solve the problem that the fertilizer used in the existing perilla is easy to cause soil salinization, and provides a special fertilizer for high-efficiency cultivation of perilla in high-cold areas, a preparation method and a fertilization method thereof.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A special fertilizer for efficient cultivation of perilla in high-cold areas, the special fertilizer comprises the following components: 16% organic flue-cured tobacco leaf powder, 9% hemp leaf powder, 9% flax leaf powder; 14% urea, 17% P2O5, 30% K2O, 3% Ca(H2PO4), 0.2% sucrose, 0.8% lime powder, and 1% Bacillus fermentation liquid.

[0006] Furthermore, the special fertilizer also includes a small amount of 90-110 μmol / L melatonin solution.

[0007] Furthermore, the concentration of the Bacillus fermentation broth is 1×10 9 cfu·mL -1 .

[0008] Furthermore, the optimal compound fertilizer application rate is 462.5 kg / hm 2 .

[0009] Furthermore, the 90-110 μmol / L melatonin solution is placed in a brown bottle and kept in a refrigerator at 4° C. for later use.

[0010] A method for preparing the above-mentioned special fertilizer for high-efficiency cultivation of perilla in high-cold areas comprises sieving the powders of flue-cured tobacco leaf powder, hemp leaf powder and flax leaf powder through a sieve with an aperture of 60 meshes, and then mixing them with urea, P2O5, K2O, Ca(H2PO4), sucrose, lime powder, Bacillus fermentation liquid and melatonin solution.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared to the prior art are:

[0012] (1) Flue-cured tobacco leaf powder contains nicotine and nicotine, which have a certain killing effect on the eggs and larvae of underground pests when entering the soil. At the same time, the potassium content is relatively high, generally above 4%, which can make the root system of Perilla more developed, improve the photosynthesis and photosynthetic intensity of Perilla, enhance the activity of enzymes in the Perilla body, promote various metabolic activities in the body, and play an important role in promoting the growth and development of the stems and leaves of Perilla and the formation of seeds.

[0013] (2) Flue-cured tobacco leaf powder, hemp leaf powder and flax leaf powder can improve the diversity of microorganisms in the soil, reduce the impact of soil-borne pests and diseases on Perilla frutescens, and combine with the aphid-repelling and antibacterial effects of Perilla frutescens to improve the yield and quality of Perilla frutescens leaves and seeds.

[0014] (3) Melatonin can be used in the cultivation of perilla seedlings to increase the height of perilla plants, promote the growth of perilla branches, increase the thickness of perilla stems, increase the area of ​​perilla leaves, enhance the photosynthetic rate of perilla, increase the yield and quality of perilla leaves and seeds, and increase the content of α-linolenic acid in perilla. In addition, melatonin can effectively alleviate the growth inhibition effect of pathogen effector protein flagellin 22 on perilla and reduce the persecution effect of pathogens on perilla. Melatonin can not only promote the growth and development of perilla and improve the stress resistance of perilla, but also increase the content of perilla oil and α-linolenic acid in perilla oil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] Those skilled in the art may refer to the contents of this article and make appropriate improvements to the process parameters as needed. It should be particularly noted that all similar replacements and modifications of the present application are obvious to those skilled in the art and are deemed to be included in the scope of the present application. The present application has described the products, processes and applications through the best embodiments, and relevant personnel may make appropriate changes, modifications and combinations without departing from the content, spirit and scope of the present application to implement and apply the technology of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0016] The test will be conducted on May 4, 2023 and May 10, 2024. The test site is located in the experimental base of Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences in Datong District, Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province, in the southwest of Daqing City. It is located in the western part of Songnen Plain, with a jurisdiction area of ​​2,400 square kilometers and a total cultivated land area of ​​92.7km 2 . It belongs to the mid-temperate continental monsoon climate, with an annual accumulated temperature of about 2800℃, an average annual rainfall of 400mm, a frost-free period of 148d, an average annual temperature of 3℃, and belongs to the first accumulated temperature zone. The test site is carbonate chernozem. The soil contains 121.73mg / kg of alkaline nitrogen, 20.64mg / kg of available phosphorus, 137.50mg / kg of available potassium, 14.32% of organic matter, and a pH of 7.51. The experiment selected "Long Zisu No. 1" with a thousand-grain weight of 4.5g, which was independently developed by the Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences and is suitable for planting in Heilongjiang, as the test material, and selected the perilla seeds, and selected the perilla seeds with full grains, uniform size and high maturity. The harvest time is October 4-7, 2023 and October 1-4, 2024 respectively.

[0017] Embodiment 1:

[0018] Special fertilizer for efficient cultivation of perilla in high-cold areas, the special fertilizer includes the following components: 16% organic flue-cured tobacco powder, 9% hemp leaf powder, 9% flax leaf powder; 14% urea, 17% P2O5, 30% K2O, 3% Ca(H2PO4), 0.2% sucrose, 0.8% lime powder, 1% Bacillus fermentation liquid. The special fertilizer also includes a small amount of 90-110 μmol / L melatonin solution. That is, the special fertilizer prepared above is made into granules, and then a part of the melatonin solution is contaminated on its outer layer. The concentration of the Bacillus fermentation liquid is 1×10 9 cfu·mL -1 The best compound fertilizer application rate is 462.5kg / hm 2 The 90-110 μmol / L melatonin solution was placed in a brown bottle and kept in a 4° C. refrigerator for later use.

[0019] A method for preparing the above-mentioned special fertilizer for high-efficiency cultivation of perilla in high-cold areas comprises sieving the powders of flue-cured tobacco leaf powder, hemp leaf powder and flax leaf powder through a sieve with an aperture of 60 meshes, and then mixing them with urea, P2O5, K2O, Ca(H2PO4), sucrose, lime powder, Bacillus fermentation liquid and melatonin solution.

[0020] Field test results show that the yield increased by 25% to 30%, the molybdenum content in 100 grams of seeds increased by 0.3 to 0.8 micrograms, the zinc content increased by 0.8 to 1.2 mg, the potassium content increased by 4% to 6%, the seed oil content increased by 6% to 9%, and the α-linoleic acid content in the oil increased by 4% to 8%. At the same time, due to the addition of flue-cured tobacco leaf powder, pests were significantly reduced, and the yield and quality of perilla leaves and seeds were significantly improved.

[0021] Comparative Example 1

[0022] The fertilizer composition of the invention is: 39% of whole corn plant powder, 14% of urea, 17% of P2O5 and 30% of K2O, and all the raw materials are mixed.

[0023] Comparative Example 2

[0024] The fertilizer composition of the invention is: 39% of decomposed chicken manure, 14% of urea, 17% of P2O5 and 30% of K2O, and all the raw materials are mixed.

[0025] Comparative Example 3

[0026] The fertilizer composition of the present invention is as follows: the mass ratio of urea, P2O5 and K2O is 14:17:30, and the raw materials can be mixed.

[0027] Table 1 Implementation plan details

[0028]

[0029] Table 2 Results of production and quality test of Perilla in 2023

[0030]

[0031] Table 3 Results of production and quality test of Perilla in 2024

[0032]

[0033] Table 4 Results of the 2023 and 2024 Perilla trials

[0034]

Claims

1. A special fertilizer for high-efficiency cultivation of perilla in high-cold areas, characterized by: The special fertilizer comprises the following components: 16% organic flue-cured tobacco leaf powder, 9% hemp leaf powder, and 9% flax leaf powder; Urea 14%, P2O5 17%, K2O 30%, Ca(H2PO4) 3%, sucrose 0.2%, lime powder 0.8%, 1% Bacillus fermentation liquid.

2. The high-efficiency special fertilizer for cultivating perilla in high-cold areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The special fertilizer also includes a small amount of 90-110 μmol / L melatonin solution.

3. The special fertilizer for high-efficiency cultivation of perilla in high-cold areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of the Bacillus fermentation broth is 1×10 9 cfu·mL -1 .

4. The special fertilizer for high-efficiency cultivation of perilla in high-cold areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The best compound fertilizer application rate is 462.5kg / hm 2 .

5. The special fertilizer for high-efficiency cultivation of perilla in high-cold areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: 90-110 μmol / L melatonin solution was placed in a brown bottle and kept in a 4°C refrigerator for later use.

6. A method for preparing the special fertilizer for high-efficiency cultivation of perilla in high-cold areas according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The powders of flue-cured tobacco leaf powder, hemp leaf powder and flax leaf powder are sieved through a sieve with an aperture of 60 meshes respectively, and then mixed with urea, P2O5, K2O, Ca(H2PO4), sucrose, lime powder, Bacillus fermentation liquid and melatonin solution.

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