Ventilation opening structure and method for improving IP protection grade of switching station

Abstract

The invention discloses a ventilation opening structure and method for improving the IP protection grade of a switching station, and relates to the technical field of power distribution equipment protection, the switching station comprises a shell provided with an air inlet end and an air outlet end, the air inlet end comprises a plurality of adjustable air inlets, each air inlet is provided with a rotatable flip cover, and the flip cover is provided with a plurality of air outlets; the turning cover is connected with a turning cover driving assembly driving the turning cover to rotate, and the turning cover driving assembly changes the covering angle of the turning cover relative to the air inlet based on the control instruction and adjusts the ventilation area of the air inlet. The detection module is used for monitoring the temperature in the switching station and the humidity at the air inlet end to obtain temperature and humidity detection data; the control module receives the temperature and humidity detection data, calculates the optimal rotation angle of the flip cover and sends a control instruction to the flip cover driving assembly; the turning cover is rotated to a corresponding angle; the cover turning driving assembly comprises a driving piece and a cover turning control circuit used for controlling the driving piece to start and stop; while the heat dissipation effect of the switching station is considered, the IP protection level of the switching station is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power distribution equipment protection, and in particular to a vent structure and method for improving the IP protection level of a switchgear. Background Art

[0002] A switchgear, also called a ring network box or a ring network substation, is a device used for power distribution and voltage transformation in the power system. Most of them are box-type structures. Since they are widely used in civil or industrial power transmission and distribution, the environment in which they are located is relatively diverse, such as dusty or rainy environments. These harsh environments with high dust and humidity not only affect the normal operation of the equipment, but may also cause safety hazards.

[0003] The IP protection level is an important indicator to measure the ability of the casing of electrical equipment to protect against the intrusion of foreign objects, as well as the insulation and waterproofing capabilities of the electrical equipment inside the casing. In the existing design of switchgear, although certain protective measures have been taken, the IP protection level is generally low, and it is difficult to effectively cope with harsh environments such as dust and high humidity. Especially in the design of vents, the vents in the prior art often adopt a fixed structure and cannot be flexibly adjusted according to changes in the external environment. This not only affects the heat dissipation effect of the switchgear, but may also cause harmful substances such as dust and water vapor to invade the interior of the equipment through the vents, posing a threat to the normal operation of the equipment. Since the opening angle and size of the vents are fixed and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to actual conditions, it is difficult to effectively improve the IP protection level while ensuring the heat dissipation effect. This limitation makes it difficult for the switchgear to maintain the best working state when facing a complex and changeable external environment.

[0004] In summary, in order to ensure the safe and stable operation of switchgear in harsh environments such as dust and high humidity, improving the IP protection level becomes the key, and therefore improvements are needed. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to improve the IP protection level of the switchgear while taking into account the heat dissipation effect of the switchgear, the present application provides a vent structure and method for improving the IP protection level of the switchgear.

[0006] In the first aspect, the invention objective of the present application is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions: A vent structure for improving the IP protection level of an opening and closing place, comprising: a housing provided with an air inlet end and an air outlet end, the air inlet end comprising a plurality of adjustable air inlets, each air inlet being provided with a rotatable flap, the flap being connected to a flap driving component for driving the flap to rotate, the flap driving component changing a covering angle of the flap relative to the air inlet based on a received control instruction, and adjusting a ventilation area of ​​the air inlet; A detection module, disposed in the housing, for monitoring the temperature inside the switch and the humidity at the air inlet, and obtaining temperature and humidity detection data; A control module receives the temperature and humidity detection data of the detection module, calculates the optimal rotation angle of the flip cover according to a preset algorithm, and sends a control instruction to the flip cover driving component to rotate the flip cover to a corresponding angle; The flip cover driving assembly includes a driving member and a flip cover control circuit for controlling the start and stop of the driving member, and the control circuit includes: A forward control module, connected in series in the power supply circuit of the driving member, for outputting a first forward control signal to control the driving member to start running and rotate forward, and outputting a second forward control signal to control the driving member to stop; The reversing control module is connected in series in the power supply circuit of the driving member, and is used to output a first reversing control signal to control the driving member to start running and reverse rotation, and output a second reversing control signal to control the driving member to shut down.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the shell serves as the framework of the entire ventilation system to ensure that air can enter and exit the switch in an orderly manner. Through reasonable design, the shell can effectively prevent external dust, moisture, etc. from entering the interior of the equipment. The adjustable air inlet and flap design can adjust the air intake according to actual needs to adapt to different working environments and conditions; while improving ventilation efficiency, it reduces unnecessary energy waste, which is conducive to keeping the temperature and humidity inside the switch in an optimal state. The flap drive component can accurately adjust the angle of the flap according to the control command, thereby achieving fine control of the ventilation area of ​​the air inlet; the detection module can be configured inside or outside the shell, and the temperature and humidity inside the switch can be detected in real time through the detection module. The humidity at the air inlet end can be responded to in time according to real-time environmental changes; the control module is the core of the entire switchgear ventilation system, responsible for processing detection data and calculating the optimal flap rotation angle to achieve precise ventilation control. The coordinated use of the detection module and the control module realizes real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment of the temperature and humidity inside the switchgear, ensuring that the equipment is always in the best working condition. Through the flap and intelligent ventilation control, the IP protection level of the ventilation system is improved, and external dust and moisture are effectively prevented from entering the equipment. The ventilation system can adjust the ventilation volume according to actual needs, avoiding unnecessary energy waste. At the same time, the intelligent control system reduces the need for manual intervention and reduces maintenance costs.

[0008] In a preferred example of the present application: the flip cover driving assembly includes a rotating shaft and a servo motor, the rotating shaft is arranged above the corresponding air inlet and is fixedly connected to the flip cover, the rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the outer wall of the shell, the output shaft of the servo motor is connected to the rotating shaft, and the servo motor causes the flip cover to rotate around the rotating shaft; and / or, The shell is provided with a partition for dividing the shell into an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet is connected with the air outlet, the air inlet is connected with a plurality of air inlets, the air outlet is connected with the air outlet, and the air outlet cover is provided with a dustproof cotton heater electrically connected to the control module.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solutions, the high-precision control capability of the servo motor enables the flap to accurately adjust its coverage angle according to the control instructions; the setting of the partition ensures the orderly flow of air and improves the ventilation efficiency; the setting of the dust-proof cotton heater effectively prevents the intrusion of external dust and moisture, and improves the IP protection level of the shell.

[0010] In a preferred example of the present application: the partition is hollow inside and is installed with a plurality of phase change crystal blocks, a plurality of partition plates are arranged inside the partition, a plurality of the partition plates are arranged crosswise to form a plurality of accommodating chambers, a plurality of the accommodating chambers are not connected, and the phase change crystal blocks are installed in the accommodating chambers; and / or, A water baffle is provided on one side of the inner surface of the shell corresponding to the plurality of air inlets, the water baffle is bent and has a louver window; a dust removal assembly is provided on the inner wall of the shell located at the air outlet, the dust removal assembly includes a plurality of electrode plates electrically connected to the control module, the plurality of electrode plates are symmetrically arranged in pairs, and the control module calculates the voltage between the two symmetrical electrode plates based on the temperature and humidity data of the detection module and the standard voltage and performs voltage control on the electrode plates.

[0011] By adopting the above technical scheme, the bending design of the water baffle and the setting of the louver window can effectively block the external rainwater from entering the interior of the shell, while ensuring the circulation of air; the setting of the dust removal component and the voltage control of the electrode plate can effectively remove dust in the air and improve the cleanliness of the interior of the shell; the present application not only realizes the stable control of the temperature through the phase change crystal block inside the partition, improves the operating efficiency and safety of the equipment, but also effectively prevents the intrusion of external rainwater and dust through the design of the water baffle and the dust removal component, thereby improving the protective performance of the shell.

[0012] In a preferred example of the present application: the forward control module includes: A forward rotation control unit, the forward rotation control unit is used to output a forward rotation control signal; A forward switch unit, the forward switch unit is coupled to the output end of the forward control unit and is connected in series in the forward power supply circuit of the servo motor, so as to output a first forward switch signal upon receiving the forward control signal, the servo motor starts to run and rotates forward upon receiving the first forward switch signal, and the forward switch unit starts a countdown for a first preset time, and outputs a second forward switch signal at the end of the countdown to control the servo motor to shut down; The reversal control module comprises: A reversal control unit, the reversal control unit is used to output a reversal control signal; A reversing switch unit is coupled to the output end of the reversing control unit and is connected in series in the reversing power supply circuit of the servo motor to output a first reversing switch signal upon receiving the reversing control signal. The servo motor starts running and rotates in the reverse direction upon receiving the first reversing switch signal, and the reversing switch unit starts a countdown for a second preset time. At the end of the countdown, a second reversing switch signal is output to control the servo motor to shut down.

[0013] By adopting the above technical scheme, the forward control module ensures that the servo motor can be accurately started and rotated forward after receiving the forward control signal through the cooperation of the forward control unit and the forward switch unit, and automatically stops within the set time, which is conducive to solving the problem of inaccurate forward control and easy over-rotation of the servo motor in the prior art; the reverse control module ensures that the servo motor can be accurately started and rotated in the reverse direction after receiving the reverse control signal through the cooperation of the reverse control unit and the reverse switch unit, and automatically stops within the set time, which is conducive to solving the problem of inaccurate reverse control and easy over-rotation of the servo motor in the prior art.

[0014] In a preferred example of the present application: the forward control unit includes a forward control chip, the reverse control unit includes a reverse control chip, the forward switch unit includes a first transistor and a first relay, the base of the first transistor is coupled to the output end of the forward control chip, the collector of the first transistor is connected in series with the coil of the first relay and then connected to a power supply, and the emitter of the first transistor is grounded; the reverse control unit includes a reverse control chip, the reverse switch unit includes a second transistor and a second relay, the base of the second transistor is coupled to the output end of the reverse control chip, the collector of the second transistor is connected in series with the coil of the second relay and then connected to a power supply, and the emitter of the second transistor is grounded.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the forward switch unit includes a first transistor and a first relay. The forward control signal output by the forward control chip is amplified by the first transistor to drive the coil of the first relay, so that the servo motor rotates forward, thereby realizing the forward precise control of the flip cover angle, and improving the reliability and stability of the system; the reverse control unit includes a reverse control chip, and the reverse switch unit includes a second transistor and a second relay; the reverse control signal output by the reverse control chip is amplified by the second transistor to drive the coil of the second relay, so that the servo motor rotates in the reverse direction to realize the reverse precise control of the flip cover angle, and improve the reliability and stability of the system.

[0016] In the second aspect, the invention objective of the present application is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions: A method for improving the IP protection level of an opening and closing place is applied to a vent structure for improving the IP protection level of an opening and closing place as described above, and the method comprises: A housing is provided with an air inlet end and an air outlet end, wherein the air inlet end includes a plurality of adjustable air inlets, and each air inlet is provided with a rotatable flap; A detection module is arranged on the housing to monitor the temperature inside the switchgear and the humidity at the air inlet end to obtain temperature and humidity detection data; Sending the temperature and humidity detection data to a control module; The control module calculates the optimal rotation angle of the flip cover according to a preset algorithm; The control module sends a control instruction to the flip cover driving component based on the optimal rotation angle, so that the flip cover driving component changes the covering angle of the flip cover relative to the air inlet according to the control instruction, and adjusts the ventilation area of ​​the air inlet; The flip cover driving assembly comprises a driving member and a flip cover control circuit for controlling the start and stop of the driving member.

[0017] By adopting the above technical scheme, the control module accurately controls the rotation angle of the flap by sending control instructions, thereby ensuring the accurate adjustment of the ventilation area of ​​the air inlet, effectively solving the problem of inaccurate flap control in the prior art, thereby realizing accurate regulation of the internal environment of the switchgear, and improving the reliability and stability of the system; the present invention provides a method for improving the IP protection level of the switchgear, which not only ensures the orderly entry and exit of air through the design of the shell and the adjustable air inlet, but also realizes accurate regulation of the internal environment of the switchgear through real-time monitoring of the detection module and accurate control of the control module; effectively solves the problems of inflexible ventilation control, inaccurate environmental monitoring, untimely data transmission, and inaccurate control in the prior art, thereby realizing accurate regulation of the internal environment of the switchgear, improving ventilation efficiency and environmental adaptability, and ensuring the optimization of the internal environment of the switchgear and long-term stable operation.

[0018] In a preferred example of the present application, the method includes: The control module calculates the flap correction coefficient α and the flap angle θ based on the current temperature, humidity and formulas (1) and (2), and drives the flap to rotate to the flap correction angle through control instructions. Formula (1) is: Where h is the current humidity, h ref is the reference humidity, t is the current temperature, t ref is the reference temperature, k1 is the humidity influence coefficient, k2 is the temperature influence coefficient, k1, k2, M, m, n are constants determined by experiments; Formula (2) is: θ=θ base +α(θ max -θ base ) (2) Where θ is the corrected flip angle, θ base is the base angle, θ max It is the maximum angle that the flap can rotate.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, a method for improving the IP protection level of the switchgear is provided. Not only the flap correction coefficient is calculated by formula (1), the influence of the temperature and humidity of the current environment on the flap angle is considered, but also the flap correction angle is calculated by formula (2), so as to ensure that the flap can accurately adjust its covering angle. The problem of inaccurate flap angle adjustment in the prior art is effectively solved, thereby realizing accurate control of the internal environment of the switchgear, improving ventilation efficiency and environmental adaptability, and ensuring the optimization of the internal environment of the switchgear and long-term stable operation.

[0020] In a preferred example of the present application: a dust removal assembly is provided on the inner wall of the housing located at the air outlet, and the dust removal assembly includes two electrode plates electrically connected to the control module, and the method includes: The control module calculates the voltage v between the two electrode plates of the dust removal component based on the current temperature, humidity and formula (3), and formula (3) is: Where v0 is the preset base voltage, k1 is the humidity influence coefficient, h is the current humidity, and h max is the maximum value of ambient humidity, n1 is the humidity impact index; and / or, The air outlet is provided with a dustproof cotton heater, the inner surface of the shell is provided with an air intake duct heater, and the dustproof cotton heater and the air intake duct heater are electrically connected to the control module respectively; The control module calculates and controls the operating power p1 of the dustproof cotton heater according to formula (4), and formula (4) includes: In the formula, p0 is the basic power, k2 is the temperature influence coefficient, k3 is the constant adjustment coefficient, and t is the heating time; The control module calculates and controls the operating power p2 of the intake duct heater according to formula (5), and formula (5) includes: Where k4 is the constant adjustment coefficient, h is the current humidity, and h max is the maximum value of the ambient humidity, and n2 is the humidity impact index.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, a method for improving the IP protection level of the switchgear is provided. Not only the voltage between the two electrode plates of the dust removal component is calculated by formula (3) to optimize the dust removal effect, but also the operating power of the dustproof cotton heater and the air inlet heater is calculated by formula (4) and formula (5) respectively, thereby ensuring the precise control of the heater. The problem of inaccurate voltage control and power control in the prior art is effectively solved, thereby realizing the precise control of the internal environment of the switchgear, improving the dust removal efficiency, heating efficiency and environmental adaptability, and ensuring the optimization of the internal environment of the switchgear and long-term stable operation.

[0022] In a preferred example of the present application: environmental parameter information is obtained, and overall temperature and humidity control numerical information is obtained according to the environmental parameter information, wherein the environmental parameter information includes the ambient temperature and the ambient humidity, and the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information includes the preset temperature, the preset humidity, the preheating time, and the constant temperature time; Acquire the ventilation distance, and acquire the ventilation parameters according to the ventilation distance and the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information, wherein the ventilation parameters include the partitioned ventilation volume and the partitioned heating power of each air inlet; triggering a ventilation instruction according to the ventilation parameters and the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information; Acquire partition temperature and humidity detection information, compare the partition temperature and humidity detection information with the overall temperature and humidity control value information, obtain a partition difference value, compare the partition difference value with a preset change threshold value, and if the partition difference value is outside the preset change threshold range, trigger a partition temperature and humidity change information collection instruction; According to the partition temperature and humidity change information collection instruction, the adjustment parameter information is obtained; An adjustment instruction is triggered according to the adjustment parameter information.

[0023] By adopting the above technical scheme, the ventilation distance refers to the distance between the ventilated area and the air inlet; the partition temperature and humidity detection information is compared with the corresponding temperature and humidity values ​​in the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information to obtain the partition difference value; due to the use of fusion technical features to obtain environmental parameter information, and the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information is obtained based on the environmental parameter information, so as to realize the accurate perception and preset control of the internal environmental temperature and humidity of the switch; by real-time monitoring of ambient temperature and ambient humidity, and combining with the preset temperature and humidity values, a more reasonable temperature and humidity control strategy can be formulated; the problems of inaccurate environmental perception and unreasonable control strategy in the prior art are effectively solved; and the ventilation parameters are obtained according to the ventilation distance and the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information. This process can take into account the influence of the ventilation distance on the ventilation effect, so as to formulate more accurate partition ventilation volume and partition heating power for each air inlet, ensure the uniformity and efficiency of the ventilation process, and effectively solve the poor ventilation effect and high energy consumption in the prior art; then the ventilation command is triggered according to the ventilation parameters and the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information, so as to realize the intelligent control of the ventilation system. By automatically triggering the ventilation command, it can ensure that the ventilation system operates in the best state, thereby maintaining the stability of the internal environment of the switchgear. Finally, the fusion technology feature is adopted - obtaining the partition temperature and humidity detection information, and comparing it with the corresponding temperature and humidity values ​​in the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information to obtain the partition difference value, and then trigger the partition temperature and humidity change information collection instruction; to achieve refined monitoring of the temperature and humidity changes in various areas inside the switchgear, by comparing the partition difference values ​​and triggering the corresponding information collection instructions, it is possible to timely discover and deal with the abnormal temperature and humidity problems in the local area. It effectively solves the problems of incomplete temperature and humidity monitoring and untimely abnormal handling in the prior art; finally, the dynamic adjustment of the internal environment temperature and humidity of the switchgear can ensure that the internal environment of the switchgear is always kept within the preset temperature and humidity range by obtaining the adjustment parameter information and triggering the corresponding adjustment instructions; effectively solves the problems of inflexible environmental adjustment and poor adaptability in the prior art.

[0024] In a preferred example of the present application, the environmental parameter information is obtained, and the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information is obtained according to the environmental parameter information, specifically including: Extracting the ambient temperature from the ambient parameter information, and using the ambient temperature as the preset temperature; Extracting the ambient humidity from the environmental parameter information, and using the ambient humidity as the preset humidity; According to the ambient temperature and the ambient humidity, a preheating time and a constant temperature time are obtained; The preset temperature, preset humidity, preheating time and constant temperature time are associated to obtain the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information.

[0025] By adopting the above technical scheme, accurate perception and coordinated control of temperature and humidity inside the switchgear are achieved, which effectively improves the safety, reliability and operational stability of the equipment, thereby improving the IP protection level and overall performance of the switchgear; specifically, the ambient temperature is extracted from the environmental parameter information and used as the preset temperature; this ensures that the benchmark for temperature control inside the switchgear is closely related to the actual temperature of the environment; by directly setting the ambient temperature to the preset temperature, the temperature inside the switchgear can be more accurately controlled to avoid damage to the equipment caused by excessively high or low temperatures; this effectively solves the problems of inaccurate temperature control and susceptibility of equipment to temperature in the prior art, thereby achieving the technical effect of improving temperature control accuracy and equipment safety; then the ambient humidity is extracted from the environmental parameter information and used as the preset humidity; this enables the switchgear to maintain a stable temperature. Internal humidity control is more in line with external environmental conditions. By setting the ambient humidity to the preset humidity, the stability of the humidity inside the switchgear can be maintained to prevent equipment failure or performance degradation caused by humidity changes. The next step is to obtain the preheating time and constant temperature time based on the ambient temperature and humidity to comprehensively consider the impact of temperature and humidity factors on equipment startup and operation. By reasonably setting the preheating time and constant temperature time, it can be ensured that the equipment reaches a suitable operating temperature before startup and maintains a stable temperature state during operation. Then the preset temperature, preset humidity, preheating time and constant temperature time are associated to obtain the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information to build a comprehensive temperature and humidity control system. By associating the various control parameters with each other, the overall coordinated control of the temperature and humidity inside the switchgear can be achieved to improve control efficiency and accuracy.

[0026] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The adjustable air inlet and flap design can adjust the air intake volume according to actual needs to adapt to different working environments and conditions; while improving ventilation efficiency, it reduces unnecessary energy waste, which is conducive to keeping the temperature and humidity inside the switchgear in the best state. The flap drive component can accurately adjust the flap angle according to the control command, thereby realizing fine control of the ventilation area of ​​the air inlet; the detection module can be configured inside or outside the shell, and the detection module can detect the temperature inside the switchgear and the humidity at the air inlet end in real time, so as to respond in time according to real-time environmental changes; the control module is the core of the entire switchgear ventilation system, responsible for processing detection data and calculating the optimal flap rotation angle to achieve precise ventilation control. The coordinated use of the detection module and the control module realizes real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment of the temperature and humidity inside the switchgear, ensuring that the equipment is always in the best working condition 1. Through the flip cover and intelligent ventilation control, the IP protection level of the ventilation system is improved, and external dust and moisture are effectively prevented from entering the equipment. The ventilation system can adjust the ventilation volume according to actual needs, avoiding unnecessary energy waste. At the same time, the intelligent control system reduces the need for manual intervention and reduces maintenance costs. 2. A method for improving the IP protection level of the switchgear is provided, which not only ensures the orderly entry and exit of air through the design of the shell and the adjustable air inlet, but also realizes the precise control of the internal environment of the switchgear through real-time monitoring of the detection module and precise control of the control module. It effectively solves the problems of inflexible ventilation control, inaccurate environmental monitoring, untimely data transmission, and inaccurate control in the prior art, thereby realizing the precise control of the internal environment of the switchgear, improving ventilation efficiency and environmental adaptability, and ensuring the optimization of the internal environment of the switchgear and long-term stable operation. 3. Extract the ambient humidity from the environmental parameter information and use it as the preset humidity; make the humidity control inside the switchgear more in line with the external environmental conditions. By setting the ambient humidity to the preset humidity, the stability of the humidity inside the switchgear can be maintained to prevent equipment failure or performance degradation caused by humidity changes; the next step is to obtain the preheating time and constant temperature time according to the ambient temperature and ambient humidity to comprehensively consider the impact of temperature and humidity factors on equipment startup and operation; by reasonably setting the preheating time and constant temperature time, it can be ensured that the equipment reaches a suitable operating temperature before startup and maintains a stable temperature state during operation; then associate the preset temperature, preset humidity, preheating time and constant temperature time to obtain the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information to build a comprehensive temperature and humidity control system; by associating the various control parameters with each other, the overall coordinated control of the temperature and humidity inside the switchgear can be achieved to improve control efficiency and accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of a vent structure for improving the IP protection level of an opening and closing device in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 It is an overall cross-sectional view of a vent structure for improving the IP protection level of an opening and closing place in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is a structural cross-sectional view of a partition in a vent structure for improving the IP protection level of an opening and closing device in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 It is a top cross-sectional view of a vent structure for improving the IP protection level of an opening and closing device in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 It is a circuit diagram of a flip cover control circuit in a vent structure for improving the IP protection level of an opening and closing device in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 This is a flow chart of a method for improving the IP protection level of a switch in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 This is another flow chart of a method for improving the IP protection level of a switch in one embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Description of reference numerals: 1. Shell; 11. Air inlet; 12. Air outlet; 121. Dust-proof cotton heater; 13. Water baffle; 2. Flip cover; 3. Rotating shaft; 4. Partition; 41. Partition bar; 42. Phase change crystal block; 43. Accommodating chamber; 5. Electrode plate; 61. Forward control unit; 62. Forward switch unit; 71. Reverse control unit; 72. Reverse switch unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0030] In one embodiment, if Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present application discloses a vent structure for improving the IP protection level of an opening and closing device, the opening and closing device includes a shell 1 provided with an air inlet end and an air outlet end, a flap 2, a flap drive assembly, a detection module and a control module, the air inlet end includes a plurality of adjustable air inlets 11, each air inlet 11 is provided with a rotatable flap 2, the flap 2 is hinged to the shell 1, the flap 2 is connected to a flap drive assembly for driving the flap 2 to rotate, and the flap drive assembly changes the covering angle of the flap 2 relative to the air inlet 11 based on the received control command, thereby adjusting the ventilation area of ​​the air inlet 11.

[0031] The detection module is configured on the shell 1 (the installation position of the detection module is not shown in the figure), and the detection module includes a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor, which are used to monitor the temperature inside the switch and the humidity at the air inlet end to obtain temperature and humidity detection data; the control module receives the temperature and humidity detection data of the detection module, and calculates the optimal rotation angle of the flip cover 2 according to a preset algorithm, and sends a control instruction to the flip cover drive component; the flip cover 2 is rotated to the corresponding angle; the flip cover drive component includes a drive component and a flip cover control circuit for controlling the start and stop of the drive component.

[0032] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The flip cover driving assembly includes a rotating shaft 3 and a servo motor (not shown in the figure). The servo motor is a driving component of the flip cover 2. The servo motor enables the flip cover 2 to be installed around the rotating shaft 3. The rotating shaft 3 is arranged above the corresponding air inlet 11 and is fixedly connected to the flip cover 2. The rotating shaft 3 is rotatably arranged on the outer wall of the shell 1. The output shaft of the servo motor is connected to the rotating shaft 3. The servo motor enables the flip cover 2 to rotate around the rotating shaft 3.

[0033] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 A partition 4 is provided in the shell 1 for dividing the shell 1 into an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet is connected with the air outlet, the air inlet is connected with a plurality of air inlets 11, the air outlet is connected with the air outlet 12, and the air outlet 12 is covered with a dust-proof cotton heater 121 electrically connected to the control module; the interior of the partition 4 is hollow and a plurality of phase-change crystal blocks 42 are installed thereon, a plurality of partition plates 41 are provided in the partition 4, a plurality of partition plates 41 are cross-arranged to form a plurality of accommodating chambers 43, a plurality of accommodating chambers 43 are not connected, and phase-change crystal blocks 42 are installed in the accommodating chambers 43; by utilizing the phase change characteristics of the phase-change crystal blocks 42, when the temperature inside the switch changes, the temperature fluctuation can be balanced by the heat absorption or heat release process of the phase-change crystal blocks 42, thereby maintaining the stability of the temperature inside the switch.

[0034] Reference Figure 2 A water baffle 13 is provided on one side of the inner surface of the shell 1 corresponding to the plurality of air inlets 11. The water baffle 13 is bent and provided with a louver window. The bending design of the water baffle 13 and the setting of the louver window can prevent external rain or water droplets from directly entering the interior of the switch while ensuring the ventilation effect.

[0035] Reference Figure 4The inner wall of the housing 1 located at the air outlet is provided with a dust removal assembly, which includes a plurality of electrode plates 5 electrically connected to the control module. The plurality of electrode plates 5 are symmetrically arranged in pairs, and the polarities of the symmetrically arranged electrode plates 5 are opposite, that is, one of them is a positive electrode plate and the other is a negative electrode plate. The embodiment of the present application takes the arrangement of two electrode plates 5 as an example. In actual application, more than two electrode plates 5 can be arranged in pairs according to the actual volume size of the switch; the control module calculates the voltage between the two symmetrical electrode plates 5 based on the temperature and humidity data of the detection module and the standard voltage and performs voltage control on the electrode plates 5.

[0036] Reference Figure 5 ,by Figure 5 Taking the circuit diagram shown as an example, the control circuit includes a forward control module and a reverse control module. The forward control module is connected in series in the power supply circuit of the servo motor, and is used to output a first forward control signal to control the servo motor to start and rotate forward, and output a second forward control signal to control the servo motor to shut down; the reverse control module is connected in series in the power supply circuit of the servo motor, and is used to output a first reverse control signal to control the servo motor to start and rotate reversely, and output a second reverse control signal to control the servo motor to shut down.

[0037] The forward control module includes a forward control unit 61 and a forward switch unit 62; the forward control unit 61 is used to output a forward control signal; the forward switch unit 62 is coupled to the output end of the forward control unit 61 and is connected in series in the forward power supply circuit of the servo motor to output a first forward switch signal upon receiving the forward control signal. The servo motor starts running and rotates forward upon receiving the first forward switch signal, and the forward switch unit 62 starts a countdown for a first preset time. At the end of the countdown, a second forward switch signal is output to control the servo motor to shut down.

[0038] The reversal control module includes a reversal control unit 71 and a reversal switch unit 72; the reversal control unit 71 is used to output a reversal control signal; the reversal switch unit 72 is coupled to the output end of the reversal control unit 71 and is connected in series in the reversal power supply circuit of the servo motor to output a first reversal switch signal upon receiving the reversal control signal. The servo motor starts running and rotates in the reverse direction upon receiving the first reversal switch signal, and the reversal switch unit 72 starts a countdown for a second preset time. At the end of the countdown, a second reversal switch signal is output to control the servo motor to shut down.

[0039] Reference Figure 5The forward control unit 61 includes a forward control chip U1, and the forward switch unit 62 includes a first transistor Q1 and a first relay KT1. The base of the first transistor Q1 is coupled to the output end of the forward control chip U1, and the collector of the first transistor Q1 is connected in series with the coil of the first relay KT1 and then connected to the power supply. The first relay KT1 is a delay relay, and the first relay KT1 includes a delayed normally open contact switch KT1-1. The emitter of the first transistor Q1 is grounded; the forward control unit 61 outputs a control signal through the forward control chip U1 to control the conduction and cutoff of the first transistor Q1, and then controls whether the coil of the second relay is energized, thereby realizing precise control of the forward power supply circuit of the servo motor.

[0040] The reversing control unit 71 includes a reversing control chip U2, and the reversing switch unit 72 includes a second transistor Q2 and a second relay KT2. The second relay KT2 is a time-delay relay, and the second relay KT2 includes a time-delay normally open contact switch KT2-1. The base of the second transistor Q2 is coupled to the output end of the reversing control chip U2, and the collector of the second transistor Q2 is connected in series with the coil of the second relay KT2 and then connected to the power supply, and the emitter of the second transistor Q2 is grounded; the reversing control unit 71 outputs a control signal through the reversing control chip U2 to control the conduction and cutoff of the second transistor Q2, and then controls whether the coil of the second relay KT2 is energized or not, thereby realizing precise control of the reversing power supply circuit of the servo motor.

[0041] The implementation principle of the vent structure for improving the IP protection level of the switchgear in the embodiment of the present application is as follows: the adjustable air inlet 11 and the flap 2 can adjust the air intake volume according to actual needs to adapt to different working environments and conditions; while improving the ventilation efficiency, it reduces unnecessary energy waste, which is conducive to keeping the temperature and humidity inside the switchgear in the best state; the flap drive component can accurately adjust the angle of the flap 2 according to the control command, thereby realizing fine control of the ventilation area of ​​the air inlet 11; the detection module can be configured inside or outside the shell 1, and the detection module can detect the temperature inside the switchgear and the humidity at the air inlet end in real time, so as to adjust the ventilation area according to the real-time environment. The control module is the core of the ventilation system of the entire switchgear, responsible for processing the detection data and calculating the optimal rotation angle of the flap 2 to achieve precise ventilation control. The coordinated use of the detection module and the control module realizes real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment of the temperature and humidity inside the switchgear, ensuring that the equipment is always in the best working condition. Through the flap 2 and intelligent ventilation control, the IP protection level of the ventilation system is improved, effectively preventing external dust and moisture from entering the equipment, and the ventilation system can adjust the ventilation volume according to actual needs, avoiding unnecessary energy waste. At the same time, the intelligent control system reduces the need for manual intervention and reduces maintenance costs.

[0042] In one embodiment, if Figure 6 As shown, the present application discloses a method for improving the IP protection level of an opening and closing place, and the method for improving the IP protection level of an opening and closing place is applied to a vent structure for improving the IP protection level of an opening and closing place as described above.

[0043] like Figure 6 As shown, a method for improving the IP protection level of a switchgear comprises the following steps: S1: A housing having an air inlet and an air outlet is provided, wherein the air inlet comprises a plurality of adjustable air inlets, and each air inlet is provided with a rotatable flap.

[0044] In this embodiment, the rotation of the flip cover can flexibly adjust the opening degree of the air inlet, thereby controlling the amount of air entering the interior of the housing.

[0045] S2: A detection module is configured on the shell to monitor the temperature inside the switchgear and the humidity at the air inlet end to obtain temperature and humidity detection data.

[0046] In this embodiment, the detection module sends the collected temperature and humidity detection data to the control module through a communication line or wirelessly, and the control module is an intelligent processing terminal.

[0047] S3: Send the temperature and humidity detection data to the control module.

[0048] S4: The control module calculates the optimal rotation angle of the flip cover according to a preset algorithm.

[0049] Specifically, the control module calculates the flip correction coefficient and the flip angle based on the current temperature, humidity and formulas (1) and (2), and drives the flip to rotate to the flip correction angle through control instructions. Formula (1) is: α=k1(h / h ref ) m +k2(t / t ref ) n +M (1) Where h is the current humidity, h ref is the reference humidity, t is the current temperature, t ref is the reference temperature, k1 is the humidity influence coefficient, k2 is the temperature influence coefficient, k1, k2, M, m, n are constants determined by experiments; Formula (2) is: θ=θ base +α(θ max -θ base ) (2) Where θ is the corrected flip angle, θ base is the base angle, θ max It is the maximum angle that the flap can rotate.

[0050] S5: The control module sends a control instruction to the flip cover driving component based on the optimal rotation angle, so that the flip cover driving component changes the covering angle of the flip cover relative to the air inlet according to the control instruction, and adjusts the ventilation area of ​​the air inlet.

[0051] Specifically, the flip cover driving assembly includes a driving member and a flip cover control circuit for controlling the driving member to start and stop.

[0052] In this embodiment, the dust removal assembly includes two electrode plates electrically connected to the control module, and the method includes: The control module calculates the voltage v between the two electrode plates of the dust removal component based on the current temperature, humidity and formula (3), which is: Where v0 is the preset base voltage, k1 is the humidity influence coefficient, h is the current humidity, and h max is the maximum value of the ambient humidity, and n1 is the humidity impact index.

[0053] In one embodiment, the air outlet is further provided with a dustproof cotton heater, the inner surface of the shell is provided with an air inlet duct heater, and the dustproof cotton heater and the air inlet duct heater are electrically connected to the control module respectively; The control module calculates and controls the operating power of the dustproof cotton heater according to formula (4), and formula (4) includes: In the formula, p0 is the basic power, k2 is the temperature influence coefficient, k3 is the constant adjustment coefficient, and t is the heating time; The control module calculates and controls the operating power p2 of the intake duct heater according to formula (5), which includes: Where k4 is the constant adjustment coefficient, h is the current humidity, and h max is the maximum value of the ambient humidity, and n2 is the humidity impact index.

[0054] In one embodiment, if Figure 7 As shown, a method for improving the IP protection level of a switchgear also includes: S10: Obtain environmental parameter information, and obtain overall temperature and humidity control numerical information based on the environmental parameter information, wherein the environmental parameter information includes ambient temperature and ambient humidity, and the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information includes preset temperature, preset humidity, preheating time and constant temperature time.

[0055] In this embodiment, in view of the fact that the shell is relatively large in size and the air inlet and the flap are arranged on multiple different sides of the shell, the present invention adopts a regional detection and ventilation control method.

[0056] Specifically, the environmental parameter information is the ambient temperature and humidity inside the switchgear obtained through the detection module; the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information is the preset temperature, preset humidity, preheating time and constant temperature time calculated based on the environmental parameter information, which is used for subsequent temperature and humidity control.

[0057] S20: Obtain the ventilation distance, and obtain ventilation parameters according to the ventilation distance and the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information, wherein the ventilation parameters include the zoned ventilation volume and zoned heating power of each air inlet.

[0058] In this embodiment, the ventilation distance refers to the distance between the ventilated area and the air inlet; the ventilation parameter is the numerical information controlled according to the ventilation distance and the overall temperature and humidity.

[0059] Specifically, an ultrasonic sensor or a laser rangefinder is used to measure the distance between the ventilated area and the air inlet, and then the zoned ventilation volume of each air inlet is calculated according to the ventilation distance and the preset temperature through a preset algorithm. According to the ventilation distance and the preset humidity, the zoned heating power of each air inlet is calculated through a preset algorithm.

[0060] S30: triggering ventilation instructions according to ventilation parameters and overall temperature and humidity control numerical information.

[0061] In this embodiment, the control module sends a ventilation instruction to the flip cover drive component through a communication interface (such as GPIO, PWM, etc.); the flip cover drive component adjusts the coverage angle of the flip cover according to the ventilation instruction to control the ventilation area of ​​the air inlet.

[0062] S40: Obtain the partition temperature and humidity detection information, compare the partition temperature and humidity detection information with the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information, obtain the partition difference value, compare the partition difference value with the preset change threshold value, if the partition difference value is outside the preset change threshold range, trigger the partition temperature and humidity change information collection instruction.

[0063] In this embodiment, the partition temperature and humidity detection information is first obtained: the partition temperature and humidity detection information is obtained by installing temperature sensors and humidity sensors in different partitions; then the temperature and humidity values ​​are compared: the partition temperature and humidity detection information is compared with the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information, and the partition difference value is calculated; the next step is to perform range comparison: the partition difference value is compared with the preset change threshold. If the threshold is exceeded, the partition temperature and humidity change information collection instruction is triggered.

[0064] S50: Acquire adjustment parameter information according to the zone temperature and humidity change information collection instruction.

[0065] In this embodiment, the adjustment parameter information is calculated based on the zone temperature and humidity change information, including the adjusted ventilation volume and heating power.

[0066] S60: triggering an adjustment instruction according to the adjustment parameter information.

[0067] In this embodiment, Specifically, In one embodiment, if Figure 2 As shown, in step S10, environmental parameter information is obtained, and overall temperature and humidity control value information is obtained according to the environmental parameter information, specifically including: S101: extracting ambient temperature from ambient parameter information, and using the ambient temperature as a preset temperature.

[0068] In this embodiment, the preset temperature is to use the ambient temperature extracted from the ambient parameter information as the target temperature for system control.

[0069] S102: extracting ambient humidity from the ambient parameter information, and using the ambient humidity as a preset humidity.

[0070] In this embodiment, the ambient humidity is the ambient humidity inside the switchgear obtained by the detection module; the preset humidity is the ambient humidity extracted from the environmental parameter information as the target humidity for system control.

[0071] S103: Obtain preheating time and constant temperature time according to the ambient temperature and ambient humidity.

[0072] In this embodiment, the preheating time is the time required for the system to reach a preset temperature calculated based on the ambient temperature and ambient humidity; the constant temperature time is the time required for the system to maintain a preset temperature and a preset humidity calculated based on the ambient temperature and ambient humidity.

[0073] S104: Associating the preset temperature, preset humidity, preheating time and constant temperature time to obtain overall temperature and humidity control numerical information.

[0074] In this embodiment, the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information integrates the preset temperature, preset humidity, preheating time and constant temperature time to form a complete set of control parameters; the integrated overall temperature and humidity control numerical information is stored in the control module, and can be transmitted to other modules or devices through the communication interface, and the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information is applied to the temperature and humidity control logic to ensure that the system can perform precise temperature and humidity control according to these parameters.

[0075] In one embodiment, if Figure 3 As shown, in step S20, the zone ventilation volume includes the zone increase ventilation volume and the zone decrease ventilation volume, the zone heating power includes the zone increase heating power and the zone decrease heating power, the ventilation distance is obtained, and the ventilation parameters are obtained according to the ventilation distance and the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information, which specifically include: S201: According to the preset temperature and ventilation distance, obtain the partitioned ventilation volume increase and the partitioned ventilation volume decrease.

[0076] Specifically, a temperature sensor is used to obtain a preset temperature, an ultrasonic sensor or a laser rangefinder is used to measure the ventilation distance, and a preset algorithm is used to calculate the partitioned ventilation increase and partitioned ventilation decrease.

[0077] S202: According to the preset humidity and ventilation distance, obtaining the partition heating power increase and the partition heating power reduction.

[0078] Specifically, the preset humidity refers to the target humidity controlled by the system; the ventilation distance refers to the distance between the ventilated area and the air inlet; the zoned increase in heating power is based on the preset humidity and ventilation distance, and the calculation of the heating power that needs to be increased is used; the zoned reduction in heating power is based on the preset humidity and ventilation distance, and the calculation of the heating power that needs to be reduced is used.

[0079] S203: According to the preheating time and the constant temperature time, the ventilation volume of each zone is increased, the ventilation volume of each zone is decreased, the heating power of each zone is increased, and the heating power of each zone is decreased to achieve the best ventilation and heating effect.

[0080] In this embodiment, the preheating time is the time required for the system to reach the preset temperature; the constant temperature time is the time the system maintains the preset temperature and the preset humidity; the ventilation and heating parameters are adjusted according to the preheating time and the constant temperature time, dynamically adjusting the ventilation volume of the partition, reducing the ventilation volume of the partition, increasing the heating power of the partition, and reducing the heating power of the partition to achieve the best ventilation and heating effect.

[0081] Specifically, obtaining the preheating time and the constant temperature time refers to obtaining the preheating time and the constant temperature time from the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information; increasing the ventilation volume in different zones refers to gradually increasing the ventilation volume during the preheating time to ensure that the temperature rises rapidly; reducing the ventilation volume in different zones refers to gradually reducing the ventilation volume during the constant temperature time to ensure that the temperature is stable; among them, increasing the heating power in different zones refers to gradually increasing the heating power during the preheating time to ensure that the humidity rises rapidly; reducing the heating power in different zones refers to gradually reducing the heating power during the constant temperature time to ensure that the humidity is stable.

[0082] In one embodiment, if Figure 4 As shown, in step S50, according to the zone temperature and humidity change information collection instruction, the adjustment parameter information is obtained, which specifically includes: S501: Acquire the partition temperature and humidity change information according to the partition temperature and humidity change information collection instruction.

[0083] In this embodiment, the partition temperature and humidity change information collection instruction is an instruction triggered when the difference between the partition temperature and humidity detection information and the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information exceeds the preset change threshold; the partition temperature and humidity change information is the temperature and humidity change data of each partition obtained according to the collection instruction.

[0084] Specifically, when the difference between the partition temperature and humidity detection information and the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information exceeds the preset change threshold, the control module triggers the partition temperature and humidity change information collection instruction, and obtains the temperature and humidity change data of each partition through the detection module; temperature sensors and humidity sensors, such as DS18B20 and DHT22, are installed in each partition, and the control module obtains the partition temperature and humidity data from the sensor through a communication interface (such as RS485).

[0085] S502: Acquire temperature and humidity change end information, and trigger a distance detection instruction according to the temperature and humidity change end information.

[0086] Specifically, the temperature and humidity change end information is the end information generated by the system when the temperature and humidity changes in the partition reach a stable state; the distance detection instruction is a distance detection instruction triggered by the temperature and humidity change end information, which is used to re-measure the ventilation distance. The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor can be used for distance measurement, or the VL53L0X laser rangefinder can be used for distance measurement.

[0087] S503: Obtain distance detection result information, and obtain current status information based on the distance detection result information and the zone temperature and humidity change information, wherein the distance detection result information refers to the ventilation distance.

[0088] Specifically, the distance detection result information is the ventilation distance obtained by re-measurement; the current state information is the current system state information generated by combining the distance detection result information and the partition temperature and humidity change information.

[0089] S504: Acquire adjustment parameter information according to current state information and overall temperature and humidity control value information.

[0090] Specifically, the adjustment parameter information is the adjustment parameters calculated based on the current state information and the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information, including increasing ventilation volume in a zone, reducing ventilation volume in a zone, increasing heating power in a zone, and reducing heating power in a zone.

[0091] It should be understood that the serial numbers of the steps in the above embodiments do not imply a sequence of execution. The execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0092] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, only the division of the above-mentioned functional units and modules is used as an example. In actual applications, the above-mentioned functions can be distributed and completed by different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0093] The embodiments described above are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. Such modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A vent structure for improving the IP protection level of an opening and closing place, characterized in that: include: A housing having an air inlet and an air outlet, wherein the air inlet comprises a plurality of adjustable air inlets, each of the air inlets being provided with a rotatable flap, the flap being connected to a flap driving assembly for driving the flap to rotate, the flap driving assembly changing a covering angle of the flap relative to the air inlet based on a received control instruction, thereby adjusting a ventilation area of ​​the air inlet; A detection module, disposed in the housing, for monitoring the temperature inside the switch and the humidity at the air inlet, and obtaining temperature and humidity detection data; A control module receives the temperature and humidity detection data from the detection module, calculates the optimal rotation angle of the flip cover according to a preset algorithm, and sends a control instruction to the flip cover drive component; Rotate the flap to a corresponding angle; The flip cover driving assembly includes a driving member and a flip cover control circuit for controlling the start and stop of the driving member, and the control circuit includes: A forward control module, connected in series in the power supply circuit of the driving member, for outputting a first forward control signal to control the driving member to start running and rotate forward, and outputting a second forward control signal to control the driving member to stop; The reversing control module is connected in series in the power supply circuit of the driving member, and is used to output a first reversing control signal to control the driving member to start running and reverse rotation, and output a second reversing control signal to control the driving member to shut down.

2. A vent structure for improving the IP protection level of an opening and closing place according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flip cover driving assembly includes a rotating shaft and a servo motor, wherein the rotating shaft is disposed above the corresponding air inlet and is fixedly connected to the flip cover, the rotating shaft is rotatably disposed on the outer wall of the housing, the output shaft of the servo motor is connected to the rotating shaft, and the servo motor causes the flip cover to rotate around the rotating shaft; and / or, The shell is provided with a partition for dividing the shell into an air inlet and an air outlet, the air inlet is connected with the air outlet, the air inlet is connected with a plurality of air inlets, the air outlet is connected with the air outlet, and the air outlet cover is provided with a dustproof cotton heater electrically connected to the control module.

3. A vent structure for improving the IP protection level of an opening and closing place according to claim 2, characterized in that: The partition is hollow inside and is installed with a plurality of phase change crystal blocks. A plurality of partition plates are arranged inside the partition. The plurality of partition plates are arranged crosswise to form a plurality of accommodating chambers. The plurality of accommodating chambers are not connected. The phase change crystal blocks are installed in the accommodating chambers. and / or, A water baffle is provided on one side of the inner surface of the shell corresponding to the plurality of air inlets, the water baffle is bent and has a louver window; a dust removal assembly is provided on the inner wall of the shell located at the air outlet, the dust removal assembly includes a plurality of electrode plates electrically connected to the control module, the plurality of electrode plates are symmetrically arranged in pairs, and the control module calculates the voltage between the two symmetrical electrode plates based on the temperature and humidity data of the detection module and the standard voltage and performs voltage control on the electrode plates.

4. The vent structure for improving the IP protection level of the opening and closing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The forward control module comprises: A forward rotation control unit, the forward rotation control unit is used to output a forward rotation control signal; A forward switch unit, the forward switch unit is coupled to the output end of the forward control unit and is connected in series in the forward power supply circuit of the servo motor, so as to output a first forward switch signal upon receiving the forward control signal, the servo motor starts to run and rotates forward upon receiving the first forward switch signal, and the forward switch unit starts a countdown for a first preset time, and outputs a second forward switch signal at the end of the countdown to control the servo motor to shut down; The reversal control module comprises: A reversal control unit, the reversal control unit is used to output a reversal control signal; A reversing switch unit is coupled to the output end of the reversing control unit and is connected in series in the reversing power supply circuit of the servo motor to output a first reversing switch signal upon receiving the reversing control signal. The servo motor starts running and rotates in the reverse direction upon receiving the first reversing switch signal, and the reversing switch unit starts a countdown for a second preset time. At the end of the countdown, a second reversing switch signal is output to control the servo motor to shut down.

5. A vent structure for improving the IP protection level of an opening and closing place according to claim 4, characterized in that: The forward control unit includes a forward control chip, the reverse control unit includes a reverse control chip, the forward switch unit includes a first transistor and a first relay, the base of the first transistor is coupled to the output end of the forward control chip, the collector of the first transistor is connected in series with the coil of the first relay and then connected to a power supply, and the emitter of the first transistor is grounded; the reverse control unit includes a reverse control chip, the reverse switch unit includes a second transistor and a second relay, the base of the second transistor is coupled to the output end of the reverse control chip, the collector of the second transistor is connected in series with the coil of the second relay and then connected to a power supply, and the emitter of the second transistor is grounded.

6. A method for improving the IP protection level of a switchgear, characterized in that: Applied to a vent structure for improving the IP protection level of an opening and closing place as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, the method comprising: A housing is provided with an air inlet end and an air outlet end, wherein the air inlet end includes a plurality of adjustable air inlets, and each air inlet is provided with a rotatable flap; A detection module is arranged on the housing to monitor the temperature inside the switchgear and the humidity at the air inlet end to obtain temperature and humidity detection data; Sending the temperature and humidity detection data to a control module; The control module calculates the optimal rotation angle of the flip cover according to a preset algorithm; The control module sends a control instruction to the flip cover driving component based on the optimal rotation angle, so that the flip cover driving component changes the covering angle of the flip cover relative to the air inlet according to the control instruction, and adjusts the ventilation area of ​​the air inlet; The flip cover driving assembly comprises a driving member and a flip cover control circuit for controlling the start and stop of the driving member.

7. A method for improving the IP protection level of a switchgear according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method comprises: the control module calculates the flip correction coefficient α and the flip angle θ based on the current temperature, humidity and formulas (1) and (2), and drives the flip to rotate to the flip correction angle through a control instruction. Formula (1) is: α=k1(h / h ref ) m +k2(t / t ref ) n +M (1) Where h is the current humidity, h ref is the reference humidity, t is the current temperature, t ref is the reference temperature, k1 is the humidity influence coefficient, k2 is the temperature influence coefficient, k1, k2, M, m, n are constants determined by experiments; Formula (2) is: θ=θ base +α(θ max -θ base ) (2) Where θ is the corrected flip angle, θ base is the base angle, θ max It is the maximum angle that the flap can rotate.

8. A method for improving the IP protection level of a switchgear according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inner wall of the housing located at the air outlet is provided with a dust removal assembly, the dust removal assembly includes two electrode plates electrically connected to the control module, and the method includes: The control module calculates the voltage v between the two electrode plates of the dust removal component based on the current temperature, humidity and formula (3), and formula (3) is: Where v0 is the preset base voltage, k1 is the humidity influence coefficient, h is the current humidity, and h max is the maximum value of ambient humidity, n1 is the humidity impact index; and / or, The air outlet is provided with a dustproof cotton heater, the inner surface of the shell is provided with an air intake duct heater, and the dustproof cotton heater and the air intake duct heater are electrically connected to the control module respectively; The control module calculates and controls the operating power p1 of the dustproof cotton heater according to formula (4), and formula (4) includes: In the formula, p0 is the basic power, k2 is the temperature influence coefficient, k3 is the constant adjustment coefficient, and t is the heating time; The control module calculates and controls the operating power p2 of the intake duct heater according to formula (5), and formula (5) includes: Where k4 is the constant adjustment coefficient, h is the current humidity, and h max is the maximum value of the ambient humidity, and n2 is the humidity impact index.

9. A method for improving the IP protection level of a switchgear according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Acquire environmental parameter information, and acquire overall temperature and humidity control numerical information according to the environmental parameter information, wherein the environmental parameter information includes ambient temperature and ambient humidity, and the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information includes preset temperature, preset humidity, preheating time, and constant temperature time; Acquire the ventilation distance, and acquire the ventilation parameters according to the ventilation distance and the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information, wherein the ventilation parameters include the partitioned ventilation volume and the partitioned heating power of each air inlet; triggering a ventilation instruction according to the ventilation parameters and the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information; Acquire partition temperature and humidity detection information, compare the partition temperature and humidity detection information with the overall temperature and humidity control value information, obtain a partition difference value, compare the partition difference value with a preset change threshold value, and if the partition difference value is outside the preset change threshold range, trigger a partition temperature and humidity change information collection instruction; According to the partition temperature and humidity change information collection instruction, the adjustment parameter information is obtained; An adjustment instruction is triggered according to the adjustment parameter information.

10. A method for improving the IP protection level of a switchgear according to claim 9, characterized in that: The obtaining of environmental parameter information, and obtaining overall temperature and humidity control numerical information according to the environmental parameter information, specifically includes: Extracting the ambient temperature from the ambient parameter information, and using the ambient temperature as the preset temperature; Extracting the ambient humidity from the environmental parameter information, and using the ambient humidity as the preset humidity; According to the ambient temperature and the ambient humidity, a preheating time and a constant temperature time are obtained; The preset temperature, preset humidity, preheating time and constant temperature time are associated to obtain the overall temperature and humidity control numerical information.

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