Carbon-based catalyst based on scrapped fire extinguisher dry powder as well as preparation method and application of carbon-based catalyst
By mixing the waste powder reporting the waste flour with biomass raw materials or biological carbon, the carbon -based catalyst is prepared, and the catalytic thermal solution of the waste plastic solves the problem of recycling and reuse of scrap dried flour fire extinguishers. Production.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411540443.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-28
AI Technical Summary
There is a lack of effective recycling and reuse methods for scrap dry powder fire extinguishers in the prior art, resulting in environmental pollution and waste of resources.
By mixing the discarded fireproof dried powder with biomass raw materials or biocision, the carbon -based catalyst is prepared after baking treatment, and it is applied to the catalytic thermal solution of waste plastics to produce high -quality fuel.
Effectively utilized dried fire powder to reduce environmental pollution, improve the recycling efficiency of waste plastic, and produce high -quality clean energy.
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Figure CN119368207A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the field of recycling and reusing dry powder of scrapped fire extinguishers, and specifically relates to a carbon-based catalyst based on dry powder of scrapped fire extinguishers and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art
[0002] Fire extinguishing equipment can be seen everywhere in daily life and industrial production, playing a very important role. Among them, since dry powder fire extinguishers can effectively extinguish various types of fires, they are used at a high rate among all fire extinguishers. Its main filler dry powder fire extinguishing agent is divided into sodium bicarbonate dry powder fire extinguishing agent (BC dry powder fire extinguishing agent) and ammonium phosphate dry powder fire extinguishing agent (ABC dry powder fire extinguishing agent). Since the service life of dry powder fire extinguishers is stipulated, they must be scrapped once the service life is reached. Based on the above situation, the number of scrapped dry powder fire extinguishing agents generated each year is very large. With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the use of fire extinguishing equipment is increasing, which has also led to the generation of a large number of scrapped fire extinguisher dry powder. However, the recycling of fire extinguishing equipment is mostly limited to the outer packaging, and the fire extinguishing agent is directly discarded as industrial waste, which also causes serious pollution to the environment. However, there are few relevant documents that publish methods for recycling and reusing scrapped fire extinguisher dry powder.
[0003] Plastics are widely used due to their low cost and high strength, but they also cause serious white pollution problems. Waste plastics are mainly composed of hydrocarbons. Their products can be recycled and reused as finished oil, which can alleviate the increasing shortage of fossil energy and environmental pollution to a certain extent. Pyrolysis is currently the most studied chemical recycling method for waste plastics. It has low requirements for raw materials, a simple recycling process, low labor intensity, and can achieve high-value commercialization of products. The introduction of catalysts in the pyrolysis process can reduce the activation energy required for the reaction, improve product distribution, and thus greatly improve the quality of liquid products, accelerate the conversion of plastic waste into high-value-added hydrocarbons, and further improve the economic efficiency of preparing finished oil from waste plastics.
[0004] Biochar catalysts have the advantages of low cost, high chemical stability, easy structural adjustment, good biocompatibility, strong tolerance to coke deposition, and can be recycled for reuse, and have received widespread attention in the field of catalyst development. The doping of inorganic substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus can introduce defects in biochar materials, change and improve the physical, chemical and electronic properties of carbon materials, form new catalytic active sites, and are more conducive to the cracking of macromolecular hydrocarbons. Therefore, in order to improve the catalytic performance of carbon-based catalysts, inorganic substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus are also used in large quantities in the catalyst preparation process. The main components of scrapped fire extinguisher dry powder are phosphorus pentoxide, silicon dioxide, calcium oxide and other inorganic substances, which are natural dopants for the preparation of high-performance carbon-based catalysts.
[0005] At present, there is an urgent need to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the existing technology for recycling and reusing scrapped fire extinguishers, and to provide a method for recycling and reusing scrapped fire extinguisher dry powder to prepare a carbon-based catalyst and use it for catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics to produce high-quality fuel. Summary of the invention
[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a carbon-based catalyst based on scrapped fire extinguisher dry powder, and a preparation method and application thereof. The present invention uses a method for preparing a carbon-based catalyst from scrapped fire extinguisher dry powder to solve the environmental pollution caused by improper treatment of a large amount of scrapped fire extinguisher dry powder. At the same time, the prepared carbon-based catalyst can also be used in the fields of plastic upgrading and recycling to produce clean energy, further turning waste into treasure and protecting the environment.
[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a carbon-based catalyst based on waste fire extinguisher dry powder, comprising the following steps: 1) Mixing fire extinguisher dry powder with the first material to obtain a catalyst precursor.
[0008] 2) calcining the catalyst precursor to obtain a carbon-based catalyst based on scrap fire extinguisher dry powder.
[0009] The first material is biomass raw material and / or biochar.
[0010] In the present invention, the fire extinguisher dry powder used is waste fire extinguisher dry powder.
[0011] The present invention can fully utilize the fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguisher, so that the recycling of fire extinguishing equipment is no longer limited to the outer packaging, filling the gap in the recycling and reuse of dry powder fire extinguishing agents. The obtained carbon-based catalyst can be well used in the fields of waste plastic upgrading and recycling.
[0012] Preferably, in step 1), the weight ratio of the fire extinguisher dry powder to the first material is 1:1-10:1, preferably 3:1-6:1.
[0013] Preferably, in step 1), the biomass raw material and the raw material for preparing the biochar are each selected from one or more of straw, algae, wood, peanut shells, cottonseed shells, and waste furniture.
[0014] Further preferably, in step 1), the biochar is prepared by high temperature treatment of the raw material of biochar; the temperature of the high temperature treatment is 400°C to 1000°C, preferably 600°C to 800°C; the time of the high temperature treatment is 10 min to 240 min, preferably 60 min to 120 min. The optimized treatment conditions are helpful to promote the structural stability of the biochar and improve the catalytic performance.
[0015] Preferably, in step 1), the fire extinguisher dry powder and the first material are mixed by dry mixing or wet mixing; the solvent for the wet mixing is deionized water and / or an organic solvent; the volume ratio of the deionized water to the organic solvent is 0.2:1 to 4:1, preferably 0.5:1 to 2:1; the organic solvent is preferably anhydrous ethanol. The above mixing method helps to improve the uniformity and reaction efficiency of the catalyst, and the wet mixing can improve the contact of the reactants.
[0016] Preferably, in step 2), the calcination temperature of the catalyst precursor is 400°C to 1000°C, preferably 600°C to 800°C; the calcination time is 10 min to 240 min, preferably 60 min to 120 min. Optimizing the calcination temperature and time of the catalyst precursor can effectively remove impurities and improve the activity and selectivity of the catalyst.
[0017] Preferably, in steps 1) and 2), the atmosphere for preparing the biochar and the atmosphere for calcining the catalyst precursor is one or more of an inert gas, air, and carbon dioxide. In the present invention, the inert gas may be argon, nitrogen, or the like.
[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a carbon-based catalyst based on dry powder of scrapped fire extinguishers, which is obtained by the above-mentioned preparation method.
[0019] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a carbon-based catalyst based on dry powder of scrapped fire extinguishers obtained by the above-mentioned preparation method or the use of the above-mentioned carbon-based catalyst based on dry powder of scrapped fire extinguishers in the preparation of high-quality fuel by catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics.
[0020] Preferably, the catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics to prepare high-quality fuel includes subjecting waste plastics to a catalytic pyrolysis reaction with the carbon-based catalyst, and condensing the obtained pyrolysis gas. In the present invention, the carbon-based catalyst prepared from the dry powder of scrapped fire extinguishers is used for catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics, and the obtained pyrolysis gas is condensed to obtain pyrolysis oil with high gasoline / aviation fuel hydrocarbon selectivity, which can better produce high-quality fuel.
[0021] Preferably, the waste plastic is domestic waste containing at least one of polypropylene, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, preferably including one or more of lunch boxes (polypropylene), plastic bottles (polypropylene), agricultural films (polyethylene), medical protective clothing (polypropylene and polyethylene), and plastic bags (polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride).
[0022] Preferably, the waste plastic is in the form of particles or flakes with a particle size of 1 to 10 mm.
[0023] Preferably, the mass ratio of the waste plastic to the catalyst is 1:3 to 3:1, preferably 1:2 to 2:1.
[0024] Preferably, the reaction temperature of the catalytic pyrolysis is 400°C to 800°C, preferably 500°C to 700°C; the reaction time is 10 min to 40 min, preferably 20 min to 30 min.
[0025] Preferably, the gas atmosphere for the catalytic pyrolysis is nitrogen, argon or carbon dioxide.
[0026] The present invention can effectively improve the production efficiency and selectivity of high-quality fuel by applying the carbon-based catalyst prepared from the dry powder of scrapped fire extinguishers to the catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics, especially in producing a high proportion of hydrocarbons in the gasoline and aviation fuel range. Optimizing the type, particle size, mass ratio of waste plastics to the catalyst, and controlling the reaction temperature and time all help to improve the effect of the catalytic reaction and the quality of the product.
[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are at least as follows: the method for preparing carbon-based catalysts by recycling and reusing scrapped fire extinguisher dry powder provided by the present invention comprises the following steps: firstly, the scrapped fire extinguisher dry powder is mixed with biomass raw material / biochar, and stirred evenly to obtain a catalyst precursor; then the catalyst precursor is sent to a carbonization furnace for roasting to obtain a carbon-based catalyst based on scrapped fire extinguisher dry powder; and a method for using the catalyst for catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics to produce high-quality fuel oil is proposed, which can solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by the discharge of a large amount of scrapped fire extinguisher dry powder. The present invention uses scrapped fire extinguisher dry powder to prepare carbon-based catalysts, and makes good use of inorganic substances such as phosphorus pentoxide, silicon dioxide, and calcium oxide therein, which helps to improve the catalytic performance of carbon-based catalysts. The technical solution of the present invention makes the recycling of fire extinguishing equipment no longer limited to the outer packaging, and the fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguisher can also be fully utilized, filling the gap in the recycling and reuse of dry powder fire extinguishing agents in the prior art. The carbon-based catalyst based on the dry powder of scrapped fire extinguishers prepared by the present invention uses waste plastics as raw materials to prepare high-quality fuel, provides an efficient and feasible solution for the high-value utilization of waste plastics, and helps to alleviate the increasing shortage of fossil energy and the serious environmental pollution caused by the use of fossil energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
[0029] Figure 1 A flow chart of preparing a carbon-based catalyst from dry powder of scrapped fire extinguishers provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0030] Figure 2A flow chart of using the carbon-based catalyst provided by the present invention for catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics to produce high-quality fuel oil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0032] It should be understood that the following examples are only exemplary illustrations and explanations of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All technologies implemented based on the above content of the present invention are included in the scope that the present invention is intended to protect. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available products, or can be prepared by known methods. If the specific technology or conditions are not specified in the examples, they are all conventional methods or carried out according to the technology or conditions described in the literature of the field, or according to the product instructions. The reagents and instruments used, etc., which do not indicate the manufacturer, are all conventional products that can be purchased through regular channels.
[0033] Example 1
[0034] This embodiment provides a carbon-based catalyst prepared from dry powder of scrapped fire extinguishers, and the specific steps are as follows: like Figure 1 As shown, the collected cotton stalks are simply air-dried and then crushed in a crusher to obtain materials with a size of less than 450 mm; the crushed materials are dried again to control the moisture content below 5wt%.
[0035] The cotton straw raw material and the scrapped fire extinguisher dry powder were uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 5:1 to obtain a catalyst precursor.
[0036] The catalyst precursor was sent into a carbonization furnace and calcined at 600°C in an argon atmosphere for 4 hours to obtain a carbon-based catalyst; the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst are shown in Table 1.
[0037] This embodiment also provides the above-mentioned carbon-based catalyst based on waste fire extinguisher dry powder for catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics to produce high-quality fuel, such as Figure 2 As shown, 3g of plastic bottles (polypropylene) were crushed into 3mm particles and placed in a pyrolysis system. A carbon-based catalyst prepared from scrap fire extinguisher dry powder in a mass ratio of 1:1 was added to carry out catalytic pyrolysis reaction. The reaction temperature was 500°C, the reaction time was 30min, and the gas atmosphere was carbon dioxide.
[0038] The condensable part of the pyrolysis vapor is condensed and collected as pyrolysis oil, and then dehydrated, and the non-condensable part is collected as combustible gas.
[0039] The product distribution results of high-quality fuel oil obtained by GCMS testing are shown in Table 2.
[0040] Example 2
[0041] This embodiment provides a carbon-based catalyst prepared from dry powder of scrapped fire extinguishers, and the specific steps are as follows: The collected cotton stalks are simply air-dried and then crushed in a crusher to obtain materials with a size of less than 450 mm; the crushed materials are dried again to control the moisture content below 5wt%.
[0042] The cotton straw raw material and the scrapped fire extinguisher dry powder were uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 5:1 to obtain a catalyst precursor.
[0043] The catalyst precursor was sent into a carbonization furnace and calcined at 600° C. in an argon atmosphere for 4 hours to obtain a carbon-based catalyst; the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst were the same as those in Example 1.
[0044] This embodiment also provides the above-mentioned carbon-based catalyst based on waste fire extinguisher dry powder for catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics to produce high-quality fuel, such as Figure 2 As shown, 3g of plastic bottles (polypropylene) were crushed into 3mm particles and placed in a pyrolysis system. A carbon-based catalyst prepared from scrap fire extinguisher dry powder was added in a mass ratio of 1:1 for catalytic pyrolysis reaction. The reaction temperature was 500°C, the reaction time was 30min, and the gas atmosphere was argon.
[0045] The condensable part of the pyrolysis vapor is condensed and collected as pyrolysis oil, and then dehydrated, and the non-condensable part is collected as combustible gas.
[0046] The product distribution results of high-quality fuel oil obtained by GCMS testing are shown in Table 2.
[0047] Example 3
[0048] This embodiment provides a carbon-based catalyst prepared from dry powder of scrapped fire extinguishers, and the specific steps are as follows: The collected cotton stalks are simply air-dried and then crushed in a crusher to obtain materials with a size of less than 450 mm; the crushed materials are dried again to control the moisture content below 5wt%.
[0049] Cotton straw raw material and scrapped fire extinguisher dry powder were mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 5:1, and then 200 mL of a 1:1 mixture of deionized water and anhydrous ethanol was added to mix evenly to obtain a catalyst precursor.
[0050] The catalyst precursor was sent into a carbonization furnace and calcined at 600°C in an argon atmosphere for 4 hours to obtain a carbon-based catalyst; the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst are shown in Table 1.
[0051] This embodiment also provides the above-mentioned carbon-based catalyst based on waste fire extinguisher dry powder for catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics to produce high-quality fuel, such as Figure 2 As shown, 3 g of plastic bottles (polypropylene) were crushed into 3 mm particles and placed in a pyrolysis system. A carbon-based catalyst prepared from scrap fire extinguisher dry powder was added in a mass ratio of 1:1 for catalytic pyrolysis reaction. The reaction temperature was 500 ° C, the reaction time was 30 min, and the gas atmosphere was argon.
[0052] The condensable part of the pyrolysis vapor is condensed and collected as pyrolysis oil, and then dehydrated, and the non-condensable part is collected as combustible gas.
[0053] The product distribution results of high-quality fuel oil obtained by GCMS testing are shown in Table 2.
[0054] Example 4
[0055] This embodiment provides a carbon-based catalyst prepared from dry powder of scrapped fire extinguishers, and the specific steps are as follows: The collected cotton stalks are simply air-dried and then crushed in a crusher to obtain materials with a size of less than 450 mm; the crushed materials are dried again to control the moisture content below 5wt%.
[0056] The cotton straw raw material was fed into a carbonization furnace and calcined at 500°C in an argon atmosphere for 4 h to obtain cotton straw biochar.
[0057] Cotton straw biochar and scrap fire extinguisher dry powder were evenly mixed in a mass ratio of 5:1 to obtain a catalyst precursor.
[0058] The catalyst precursor was sent into a carbonization furnace and calcined at 600°C in an argon atmosphere for 4 hours to obtain a carbon-based catalyst; the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst are shown in Table 1.
[0059] This embodiment also provides the above-mentioned carbon-based catalyst based on waste fire extinguisher dry powder for catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics to produce high-quality fuel, such as Figure 2 As shown, 3 g of plastic bottles (polypropylene) were crushed into 3 mm particles and placed in a pyrolysis system. A carbon-based catalyst prepared from scrap fire extinguisher dry powder was added in a mass ratio of 1:1 for catalytic pyrolysis reaction. The reaction temperature was 500 ° C, the reaction time was 30 min, and the gas atmosphere was argon.
[0060] The condensable part of the pyrolysis vapor is condensed and collected as pyrolysis oil, and then dehydrated, and the non-condensable part is collected as combustible gas.
[0061] The product distribution results of high-quality fuel oil obtained by GCMS testing are shown in Table 2.
[0062] Example 5
[0063] This embodiment provides a carbon-based catalyst prepared from dry powder of scrapped fire extinguishers, and the specific steps are as follows: The collected cotton stalks are simply air-dried and then crushed in a crusher to obtain materials with a size of less than 450 mm; the crushed materials are dried again to control the moisture content below 5wt%.
[0064] The cotton straw raw material was fed into a carbonization furnace and calcined at 500°C in an argon atmosphere for 4 h to obtain cotton straw biochar.
[0065] Cotton straw biochar and scrap fire extinguisher dry powder were mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 5:1, and then 200 mL of a 1:1 mixture of deionized water and anhydrous ethanol was added to mix them evenly to obtain a catalyst precursor.
[0066] The catalyst precursor was sent into a carbonization furnace and calcined at 600°C in an argon atmosphere for 4 hours to obtain a carbon-based catalyst; the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst are shown in Table 1.
[0067] This embodiment also provides the above-mentioned carbon-based catalyst based on waste fire extinguisher dry powder for catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics to produce high-quality fuel, such as Figure 2 As shown, 3 g of plastic bottles (polypropylene) were crushed into 3 mm particles and placed in a pyrolysis system. A carbon-based catalyst prepared from scrap fire extinguisher dry powder was added in a mass ratio of 1:1 for catalytic pyrolysis reaction. The reaction temperature was 500 ° C, the reaction time was 30 min, and the gas atmosphere was argon.
[0068] The condensable part of the pyrolysis vapor is condensed and collected as pyrolysis oil, and then dehydrated, and the non-condensable part is collected as combustible gas.
[0069] The product distribution results of high-quality fuel oil obtained by GCMS testing are shown in Table 2.
[0070] Example 6
[0071] This embodiment provides a carbon-based catalyst prepared from dry powder of scrapped fire extinguishers, and the specific steps are as follows: The collected cotton stalks are simply air-dried and then crushed in a crusher to obtain materials with a size of less than 450 mm; the crushed materials are dried again to control the moisture content below 5wt%.
[0072] The cotton straw raw material was fed into a carbonization furnace and calcined at 500°C in an argon atmosphere for 4 h to obtain cotton straw biochar.
[0073] Cotton straw biochar and scrap fire extinguisher dry powder were mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 5:1, and then 200 mL of deionized water was added and mixed evenly to obtain a catalyst precursor.
[0074] The catalyst precursor was sent into a carbonization furnace and calcined at 600°C in an argon atmosphere for 4 hours to obtain a carbon-based catalyst; the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst are shown in Table 1.
[0075] This embodiment also provides the above-mentioned carbon-based catalyst based on waste fire extinguisher dry powder for catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics to produce high-quality fuel, such as Figure 2 As shown, 3 g of plastic bottles (polypropylene) were crushed into 3 mm particles and placed in a pyrolysis system. A carbon-based catalyst prepared from scrap fire extinguisher dry powder was added in a mass ratio of 1:1 for catalytic pyrolysis reaction. The reaction temperature was 500 ° C, the reaction time was 30 min, and the gas atmosphere was argon.
[0076] The condensable part of the pyrolysis vapor is condensed and collected as pyrolysis oil, and then dehydrated, and the non-condensable part is collected as combustible gas.
[0077] The product distribution results of high-quality fuel oil obtained by GCMS testing are shown in Table 2.
[0078] Comparative Example 1
[0079] This comparative example provides a carbon-based catalyst, and the steps are as follows: The collected corn stalks are simply dried and then crushed in a crusher to obtain materials with a size of less than 450 mm; the crushed materials are dried again to control the moisture content below 5wt%.
[0080] The corn straw raw material was fed into a carbonization furnace and calcined at 500°C in an argon atmosphere for 4 h to obtain corn straw biochar.
[0081] Cotton straw biochar and ZnCl2 were mixed evenly in a mass ratio of 10:1, and then 200 mL of deionized water was added and mixed evenly to obtain a catalyst precursor.
[0082] The catalyst precursor was sent into a carbonization furnace and calcined at 800°C in an argon atmosphere for 4 hours to obtain a carbon-based catalyst; the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst are shown in 1.
[0083] The carbon-based catalyst provided in this comparative example is used for catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics to produce high-quality fuel oil, such as Figure 2As shown, a 3g syringe (polypropylene and polyethylene) was crushed into 3mm particles and placed in a pyrolysis system. The above-mentioned carbon-based catalyst was added for catalytic pyrolysis reaction. The reaction temperature was 500°C, the reaction time was 30min, and the gas atmosphere was argon. The condensable part of the pyrolysis vapor was condensed and collected as pyrolysis oil, and dehydrated, and the non-condensable part was collected as combustible gas. The product distribution results of the fuel oil after GCMS detection are shown in Table 2.
[0084] Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of carbon-based catalysts prepared from waste fire extinguisher dry powder
[0085] Table 2 Product composition after catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics using carbon-based catalysts
[0086] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a carbon-based catalyst based on waste fire extinguisher dry powder, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Mixing fire extinguisher dry powder with the first material to obtain a catalyst precursor; 2) calcining the catalyst precursor to obtain a carbon-based catalyst based on scrapped fire extinguisher dry powder; The first material is biomass raw material and / or biochar.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the weight ratio of the fire extinguisher dry powder to the first material is 1:1-10:1, preferably 3:1-6:
1.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step 1), the biomass raw material and the raw material for preparing the biochar are each selected from one or more of straw, algae, wood, peanut shells, cottonseed shells, and waste furniture.
4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 1), the biochar is prepared by high-temperature treatment of biochar raw materials; the temperature of the high-temperature treatment is 400°C to 1000°C, preferably 600°C to 800°C; the time of the high-temperature treatment is 10 min to 240 min, preferably 60 min to 120 min.
5. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: In step 1), the fire extinguisher dry powder and the first material are mixed by dry mixing or wet mixing; the solvent for the wet mixing is deionized water and / or an organic solvent.
6. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: In step 2), the calcination temperature of the catalyst precursor is 400°C to 1000°C, preferably 600°C to 800°C; the calcination time is 10 min to 240 min, preferably 60 min to 120 min.
7. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: In steps 1) and 2), the atmosphere for preparing the biochar and the atmosphere for calcining the catalyst precursor are one or more of inert gas, air, and carbon dioxide.
8. A carbon-based catalyst based on dry powder from scrapped fire extinguishers, characterized in that: Obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. Use of the carbon-based catalyst based on scrapped fire extinguisher dry powder obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the carbon-based catalyst based on scrapped fire extinguisher dry powder according to claim 8 in the preparation of high-quality fuel oil by catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics; preferably, the preparation of high-quality fuel oil by catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics comprises the following steps: The waste plastics are subjected to a catalytic pyrolysis reaction with the carbon-based catalyst based on the dry powder of the scrapped fire extinguisher, and the obtained pyrolysis gas is condensed.
10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The waste plastic is domestic waste containing at least one of polypropylene, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, preferably including one or more of lunch boxes, plastic bottles, agricultural films, medical protective clothing, and plastic bags; and / or, the waste plastic is granular or flake with a particle size of 1 to 10 mm; and / or, the mass ratio of the waste plastic to the catalyst is 1:3 to 3:1, preferably 1:2 to 2:1; and / or, the reaction temperature of the catalytic pyrolysis is 400°C to 800°C, preferably 500°C to 700°C; the reaction time is 10 min to 40 min, preferably 20 min to 30 min; and / or, the gas atmosphere of the catalytic pyrolysis is nitrogen, argon or carbon dioxide.