Stored ballast backfilling device and method for screen cleaning vehicle

Abstract

The stored ballast backfilling device is installed on a frame of the screen cleaning vehicle and comprises a stored ballast backfilling mechanism and a vibrating screen. The stored ballast backfilling mechanism comprises a lower ballast hopper and an upper ballast hopper; a new ballast conveying belt is arranged at the feeding end of the ballast feeding hopper and used for conveying new ballast transferred by the material transport vehicle to the ballast storage backfilling mechanism. A backfilling conveying belt is arranged at the discharging end of the ballast discharging hopper and used for throwing the clean railway ballast to a line for backfilling. The vibrating screen is used for separating the mixed ballasts into dirty soil and clean railway ballasts, a mixed ballast conveying belt is arranged at the feeding end of the vibrating screen, and the mixed ballast conveying belt is used for conveying the mixed ballasts excavated by the screen cleaning vehicle from a ballast bed to the vibrating screen; one discharging end of the vibrating screen is connected with the feeding end of the ballast discharging hopper, and the vibrating screen is used for conveying the separated clean railway ballast to the ballast storage backfilling mechanism; and a dirty soil conveying belt is arranged at the other discharging end of the vibrating screen and used for finally throwing the separated dirty soil to the two sides of the line or transferring the separated dirty soil to a material transport vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of railway engineering machinery, and in particular to a ballast backfilling device and method for a cleaning vehicle. Background Art

[0002] After mechanized cleaning and tamping operations on railways, it is often necessary to carry out ballast replenishment operations, usually to replenish the abundant ballast in the slope or center area to the ballast-deficient area in the center. Due to the generally long operation distance, large amount of ballast and huge ballast replenishment tasks, the currently commonly used manual ballast replenishment method is inefficient and highly dangerous during the operation, which is not conducive to personnel safety.

[0003] In order to meet the needs of rapid ballast replenishment, it is planned to adopt the material transport vehicle and screening vehicle coupled operation widely used on the railway. It is urgent to develop a ballast backfilling device and method that is suitable for the new combined operation mode of the screening vehicle and the material transport vehicle. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the defects existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a ballast backfilling device and method for a cleaning vehicle, so as to overcome the problems of slow speed, low efficiency and low safety of the current manual ballast filling operation in various railway maintenance sections. The invention actively responds to the development policy of efficient and reliable large-scale railway maintenance machinery in my country, makes railway ballast filling operation safer and more humane, and achieves the goal of reducing staff and labor, improving quality and increasing efficiency.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a ballast storage backfilling device for a cleaning vehicle, which is installed on the cleaning vehicle frame and includes a ballast storage backfilling mechanism and a vibrating screen; the ballast storage backfilling mechanism includes a lower ballast bucket installed on the cleaning vehicle frame and an upper ballast bucket arranged on the lower ballast bucket; a new ballast conveyor belt is arranged at the feeding end of the upper ballast bucket, and the new ballast conveyor belt is used to transfer the new ballast transferred by the material transport vehicle to the ballast storage backfilling mechanism; a backfilling conveyor belt is arranged at the discharging end of the lower ballast bucket, and the backfilling conveyor belt is used to transfer the clean ballast The clean ballast is thrown to the line for backfilling; the vibrating screen is used to separate the mixed ballast into dirty soil and clean ballast, and the feeding end of the vibrating screen is provided with a mixed ballast conveyor belt, and the mixed ballast conveyor belt is used to convey the mixed ballast dug up from the roadbed by the cleaning vehicle to the vibrating screen; one of the discharging ends of the vibrating screen is connected to the feeding end of the lower ballast bucket, and is used to convey the separated clean ballast to the ballast storage backfilling mechanism; the other discharging end of the vibrating screen is provided with a dirty soil conveyor belt, and the dirty soil conveyor belt is used to finally throw the separated dirty soil to both sides of the line or transfer it to the material transport vehicle.

[0006] On the basis of the above technical solution, the upper ballast bucket is an N-shaped structure with an open upper end, including two upper bucket bodies arranged opposite to each other, and the upper ends of the two upper bucket bodies are connected by a connecting body; there is a channel inside the upper bucket body, and the channel is used to guide the new ballast transported by the new ballast conveyor belt to the lower ballast bucket; there is a gap between the two upper bucket bodies for arranging the mixed ballast conveyor belt.

[0007] On the basis of the above technical solution, the inner bottom wall of the connector bulges upward to form an inverted V-shaped first guide portion for guiding the new ballast to the channel.

[0008] Based on the above technical solution, a first exoskeleton is provided on the outer side of the upper ballast bucket, and a first mounting support for connecting the lower ballast bucket is provided at the lower end of the first exoskeleton, and a lifting lug and a second mounting support for connecting the new ballast conveyor belt are provided at the upper end of the first exoskeleton.

[0009] Based on the above technical solution, the lower ballast bucket is located directly below the upper ballast bucket, and consists of a bottom plate, a back plate and two side plates, and the front side of the lower ballast bucket is opposite to one of the discharge ends of the vibrating screen; the bottom plate is provided with two discharge ports corresponding one to one with the upper bucket body.

[0010] Based on the above technical solution, the bottom plate is located between the two material discharge ports and bulges upward to form an inverted V-shaped second guide portion for guiding new ballast and clean ballast to the backfill conveyor belt; the side plate is provided with a gate for maintenance and an observation window for observing the ballast storage amount.

[0011] Based on the above technical solution, a second exoskeleton is provided on the outer side of the lower ballast bucket, and a third mounting bracket for connecting the upper ballast bucket is provided at the upper end of the second exoskeleton, and a fourth mounting bracket for connecting the frame is provided at the lower end of the second exoskeleton.

[0012] On the basis of the above technical scheme, ballast dividing devices for adjusting the ballast flow are respectively arranged above the two drop ports, and the ballast dividing device includes a driving cylinder, a rotating shaft and a ballast dividing plate; the cylinder body of the driving cylinder is installed on the outer side of the back plate through a support seat; one end of the rotating shaft is connected to the corresponding side plate through a mounting seat, and the other end of the rotating shaft passes through the back plate and is connected to the piston rod of the driving cylinder through a crank arm; the ballast dividing plate is arranged at the outlet of the corresponding channel and is connected to the rotating shaft through a connecting fork.

[0013] On the basis of the above technical solution, the backfill conveyor belt is provided with two respectively located below the two material drop ports, and there is an inner cavity of the frame between the backfill conveyor belt and the material drop ports, the upper end opening of the inner cavity is connected to the corresponding material drop ports, and the lower end opening of the inner cavity is provided with a guide plate.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method based on the above-mentioned ballast storage backfilling device for a cleaning vehicle, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step S1. The new ballast transported by the material transport vehicle is conveyed to the receiving port of the upper ballast bucket by the new ballast conveyor belt;

[0016] Step S2. The new ballast is diverted through two channels of the upper ballast bucket and directed to fall into the lower ballast bucket;

[0017] Step S3. The ballast separation device adjusts the new ballast flowing out of the channel to the target material discharge port, and jumps to step S7;

[0018] Step S4. The ballast excavated from the ballast bed by the cleaning vehicle is conveyed to the vibrating screen via a ballast conveyor belt;

[0019] Step S5. The vibrating screen separates the mixed ballast conveyed by the mixed ballast conveyor belt into dirty soil and clean ballast;

[0020] Step S6. The dirt falls into the dirt conveyor belt just below the vibrating screen, and the dirt conveyor belt finally throws the dirt to both sides of the line or the material transport vehicle;

[0021] Step S7. The clean ballast flows to the two discharge ports of the ballast hopper;

[0022] Step S8. The new ballast and the clean ballast after screening flow into the corresponding backfill conveyor belts after passing through the inner cavity of the frame and are finally thrown to the line for backfilling.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] During the cleaning operation of the cleaning car, the technical solution of this ballast storage and backfilling device, through the split ballast bucket and the unique trousers shape design, cleverly arranges the vibrating screen, mixed ballast conveyor belt, soil conveyor belt, and backfill conveyor belt of the existing cleaning car, and adds a new ballast conveyor belt. This realizes the joint operation of the cleaning car and the material transport vehicle, providing the railway engineering department with a new mode of mechanized cleaning and screening joint operation, so that new ballast can be replenished in time during the cleaning process. It avoids the use of manual or other mechanical equipment to replenish ballast after cleaning. It reduces labor intensity and improves the comprehensive cleaning efficiency of the cleaning car. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a ballast storage backfilling device for a cleaning vehicle in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the ballast backfilling mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the ballast bucket in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the lower ballast bucket in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the ballast separation device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a backfill conveyor belt in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 The present invention is a flowchart of a method for a ballast backfilling device for a cleaning vehicle in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Reference numerals:

[0033] 1-frame; 11-inner cavity; 12-guide plate;

[0034] 2-ballast storage backfilling mechanism; 21-upper ballast bucket; 211-upper bucket body; 2111-channel; 212-gap; 213-connector; 2131-first guide portion; 214-first outer frame; 2141-first mounting support; 2142-second mounting support; 2143-lifting ear; 22-lower ballast bucket; 221-bottom plate; 2211-dropping port; 2212-second guide portion; 2 22-side plate; 2221-gate; 2222-observation window; 223-back plate; 224-second external frame; 2241-third mounting support; 2242-fourth mounting support; 225-ballast separation device; 2251-rotating shaft; 2252-mounting seat; 2253-ballast separation plate; 2254-connecting fork; 2255-driving cylinder; 2256-support seat; 2257-crank arm;

[0035] 3- New ballast conveyor belt; 4- Backfill conveyor belt; 5- Vibrating screen; 6- Mixed ballast conveyor belt; 7- Dirt conveyor belt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that directional words, such as the terms "center", "lateral (X)", "longitudinal (Y)", "vertical (Z)", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicating directions and positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of narrating the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and cannot be understood as limiting the specific scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features. Therefore, the definition of "first" and "second" features can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "several" and "a number" mean two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0039] The following is a further description of the specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings of the specification, so that the technical solution and its beneficial effects of the present invention are clearer and more explicit. The following description of the embodiments with reference to the drawings is exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, but cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0040] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a ballast backfilling device for a cleaning vehicle, which is installed on a cleaning vehicle frame 1 and includes a ballast backfilling mechanism 2 and a vibrating screen 5;

[0041] The ballast storage and backfilling mechanism 2 includes a lower ballast bucket 22 installed on the cleaning vehicle frame 1 and an upper ballast bucket 21 arranged on the lower ballast bucket 22; the ballast storage and backfilling mechanism adopts a split design into an upper ballast bucket and a lower ballast bucket structure. The advantage is that after removing the upper ballast bucket, the mixed ballast conveyor belt can be disassembled, which is convenient for maintenance and disassembly.

[0042] A new ballast conveyor belt 3 is provided at the feeding end of the ballast hopper 21, and the new ballast conveyor belt 3 is used to convey the new ballast transported by the material transport vehicle to the ballast storage backfill mechanism 2;

[0043] A backfill conveyor belt 4 is provided at the discharge end of the lower ballast bucket 22, and the backfill conveyor belt 4 is used to throw the clean ballast to the line for backfilling;

[0044] The vibrating screen 5 is used to separate the mixed ballast into dirty soil and clean ballast, and a mixed ballast conveyor belt 6 is provided at the feeding end of the vibrating screen 5, and the mixed ballast conveyor belt 6 is used to convey the mixed ballast excavated from the roadbed by the cleaning vehicle to the vibrating screen 5;

[0045] One of the discharge ends of the vibrating screen 5 is connected to the feed end of the lower ballast bucket 22, so as to transfer the separated clean ballast to the ballast storage and backfilling mechanism 2;

[0046] The other discharge end of the vibrating screen 5 is provided with a dirt conveyor belt 7, which is used to finally throw the separated dirt to both sides of the line or transfer it to a material transport vehicle.

[0047] See also Figure 3As shown, the upper ballast bucket 21 is an n-shaped structure with an open upper end, including two upper bucket bodies 211 arranged opposite to each other, and the upper ends of the two upper bucket bodies 211 are connected by a connecting body 213; the upper bucket body 211 has a channel 2111 inside, and the channel 2111 is used to guide the new ballast transported by the new ballast conveyor belt 3 to the lower ballast bucket 22; there is a gap 212 for arranging the mixed ballast conveyor belt 6 between the two upper bucket bodies 211. Specifically, the inner bottom wall of the connecting body 213 bulges upward to form an inverted V-shaped first guide portion 2131, which is used to guide the new ballast to the channel 2111. The outer side of the upper ballast bucket 21 is provided with a first exoskeleton 214, and the lower end of the first exoskeleton 214 is provided with a first mounting support 2141 for connecting the lower ballast bucket 22, and the upper end of the first exoskeleton 214 is provided with a lifting ear 2143 and a second mounting support 2142 for connecting the new ballast conveyor belt 3. In this embodiment, the two channels are channel one and channel two which are arranged symmetrically on the left and right, and channel one and channel two guide the new ballast transported by the new ballast conveyor belt to the lower ballast bucket.

[0048] See also Figure 4 As shown, the lower ballast bucket 22 is located directly below the upper ballast bucket 21, and is composed of a bottom plate 221, a back plate 223 and two side plates 222, and the front side of the lower ballast bucket 22 is opposite to one of the discharge ends of the vibrating screen 5; the bottom plate 221 is provided with two discharge ports 2211 corresponding to the upper bucket body 211. Specifically, the bottom plate 221 is located between the two discharge ports 2211 and bulges upward to form an inverted V-shaped second guide portion 2212, which is used to guide new ballast and clean ballast to the backfill conveyor belt 4; the side plate 222 is provided with a gate 2221 for maintenance and an observation window 2222 for observing the ballast storage amount. A second exoskeleton 224 is disposed on the outer side of the lower ballast bucket 22, and a third mounting bracket 2241 for connecting the upper ballast bucket 21 is disposed on the upper end of the second exoskeleton 224, and a fourth mounting bracket 2242 for connecting the vehicle frame 1 is disposed on the lower end of the second exoskeleton 224. In this embodiment, the two discharge ports are discharge port 1 and discharge port 2 which are arranged symmetrically on the left and right, and are respectively located directly below the discharge ports of channel 1 and channel 2 of the upper ballast bucket.

[0049] See also Figure 5As shown, a ballast dividing device 225 for adjusting the ballast flow is respectively arranged above the two discharge ports 2211, and the ballast dividing device 225 comprises a driving cylinder 2255, a rotating shaft 2251 and a ballast dividing plate 2253; the cylinder body of the driving cylinder 2255 is installed on the outer side of the back plate 223 through a supporting seat 2256; one end of the rotating shaft 2251 is connected to the corresponding side plate 222 through a mounting seat 2252, and the other end of the rotating shaft 2251 passes through the back plate 223 and is connected to the piston rod of the driving cylinder 2255 through a crank arm 2257; the ballast dividing plate 2253 is arranged at the outlet of the corresponding channel 2111 and is connected to the rotating shaft 2251 through a connecting fork 2254. The up and down rotation of the ballast dividing plate can be controlled by the telescopic action of the driving cylinder. Thus, the distribution of the new ballast flow of the discharge ports 1 and 2 of the lower ballast bucket is realized. In this embodiment, the two ballast separating devices are ballast separating device 1 and ballast separating device 2 having the same structure.

[0050] See also Figure 6 As shown, the backfill conveyor belt 4 is provided with two respectively located below the two material drop openings 2211, and an inner cavity 11 of the vehicle frame 1 is provided between the backfill conveyor belt 4 and the material drop openings 2211, the upper end opening of the inner cavity 11 is connected to the corresponding material drop openings 2211, and the lower end opening of the inner cavity 11 is provided with a guide plate 12. In this embodiment, the two backfill conveyor belts are backfill conveyor belt 1 and backfill conveyor belt 2, and their receiving ports are directly opposite to the material drop openings 1 and 2.

[0051] See also Figure 7 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method based on the above-mentioned ballast backfilling device for a cleaning vehicle, comprising the following steps:

[0052] Step S1. The new ballast transported by the material transport vehicle is transported to the receiving port of the upper ballast bucket 21 through the new ballast conveyor belt 3;

[0053] Step S2. The new ballast is diverted through the two channels 2111 of the upper ballast bucket 21 and directed to fall into the lower ballast bucket 22;

[0054] Step S3. The ballast separating device 225 adjusts the new ballast flowing out of channel 2111 to the target drop port 2211, and jumps to step S7; specifically, the new ballast flowing out of channel one is diverted by the ballast separating device one and falls into the drop port one or the drop port two of the lower ballast bucket; the new ballast flowing out of channel two is diverted by the ballast separating device two and falls into the drop port two or the drop port one.

[0055] Step S4. The ballast excavated from the ballast bed by the cleaning vehicle is transferred to the vibrating screen 5 via the ballast conveyor belt 6;

[0056] Step S5. The vibrating screen 5 separates the mixed ballast conveyed by the mixed ballast conveyor belt 6 into dirty soil and clean ballast;

[0057] Step S6. The dirt falls into the dirt conveyor belt 7 directly below the vibrating screen 5, and the dirt conveyor belt 7 finally throws the dirt to both sides of the line or the material transport vehicle;

[0058] Step S7. The clean ballast flows to the two discharge ports 2211 of the ballast hopper 22;

[0059] Step S8. The new ballast and the clean ballast after screening flow into the corresponding backfill conveyor belt 4 after passing through the inner cavity 11 of the frame 1 and are finally thrown to the line for backfilling.

[0060] The working principle of the present invention is:

[0061] This ballast storage and backfilling device is installed on the cleaning and screening vehicle. During mechanized cleaning and screening operations, the ballast storage and backfilling device stores the clean turnouts after screening from the vibrating screen, and then backfills them into the ballast bed through the corresponding channels of the vehicle frame and the corresponding backfilling conveyor belt; the new ballast from the material transport vehicle is diverted to the lower ballast bucket through the trouser-shaped structure design of the upper ballast bucket, and the secondary diversion is performed through the ballast dividing device set at the two channel openings of the upper ballast bucket, thereby adjusting the turnout flow at the two discharge ports of the ballast storage bucket, thereby adjusting the backfill turnout volume of the left and right sections of the line and controlling the line super height. In addition to the traditional ballast storage and backfilling function, the device has the function of replenishing new ballast, which significantly improves the operating efficiency.

[0062] In the description of the specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "preferably", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention, and the schematic expressions of the above terms in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0063] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. For ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention. The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in this field.

Claims

1. A ballast backfilling device for a cleaning vehicle, mounted on a cleaning vehicle frame (1), characterized in that: It comprises a ballast storage backfilling mechanism (2) and a vibrating screen (5); The ballast storage and backfilling mechanism (2) comprises a lower ballast bucket (22) mounted on a cleaning vehicle frame (1) and an upper ballast bucket (21) arranged on the lower ballast bucket (22); A new ballast conveyor belt (3) is provided at the feeding end of the ballast loading bucket (21), and the new ballast conveyor belt (3) is used to convey the new ballast transported by the material transport vehicle to the ballast storage backfill mechanism (2); A backfill conveyor belt (4) is provided at the discharge end of the lower ballast bucket (22), and the backfill conveyor belt (4) is used to throw the clean ballast to the track for backfill; The vibrating screen (5) is used to separate the mixed ballast into dirty soil and clean ballast, and a mixed ballast conveyor belt (6) is provided at the feeding end of the vibrating screen (5), and the mixed ballast conveyor belt (6) is used to convey the mixed ballast excavated from the ballast bed by the cleaning vehicle to the vibrating screen (5); One of the discharge ends of the vibrating screen (5) is connected to the feed end of the lower ballast bucket (22) to transfer the separated clean ballast to the ballast storage and backfilling mechanism (2); The other discharge end of the vibrating screen (5) is provided with a dirt conveyor belt (7), and the dirt conveyor belt (7) is used to finally throw the separated dirt to both sides of the line or transfer it to a material transport vehicle.

2. The ballast backfilling device for a cleaning vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper ballast bucket (21) is an n-shaped structure with an open upper end, comprising two upper bucket bodies (211) arranged opposite to each other, and the upper ends of the two upper bucket bodies (211) are connected via a connecting body (213); a channel (2111) is provided inside the upper bucket body (211), and the channel (2111) is used to guide the new ballast transported by the new ballast conveyor belt (3) to the lower ballast bucket (22); and a gap (212) is provided between the two upper bucket bodies (211) for arranging a mixed ballast conveyor belt (6).

3. The ballast backfilling device for a cleaning vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner bottom wall of the connecting body (213) bulges upward to form an inverted V-shaped first guide portion (2131) for guiding new ballast to the channel (2111).

4. The ballast backfilling device for a cleaning vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first exoskeleton (214) is arranged on the outer side of the upper ballast bucket (21), and a first mounting support (2141) for connecting to the lower ballast bucket (22) is arranged at the lower end of the first exoskeleton (214), and a lifting lug (2143) and a second mounting support (2142) for connecting to a new ballast conveyor belt (3) are arranged at the upper end of the first exoskeleton (214).

5. The ballast backfilling device for a cleaning vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower ballast bucket (22) is located directly below the upper ballast bucket (21), and is composed of a bottom plate (221), a back plate (223) and two side plates (222), and the front side of the lower ballast bucket (22) is opposite to one of the discharge ends of the vibrating screen (5); the bottom plate (221) is provided with two discharge openings (2211) corresponding to the upper bucket body (211) in a one-to-one manner.

6. The ballast backfilling device for a cleaning vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom plate (221) is located between the two material discharge openings (2211) and bulges upward to form an inverted V-shaped second guide portion (2212) for guiding new ballast and clean ballast to the backfill conveyor belt (4); the side plate (222) is provided with a gate (2221) for maintenance and an observation window (2222) for observing the amount of stored ballast.

7. The ballast backfilling device for a cleaning vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that: A second exoskeleton (224) is arranged on the outer side of the lower ballast bucket (22), and a third mounting bracket (2241) for connecting to the upper ballast bucket (21) is arranged at the upper end of the second exoskeleton (224), and a fourth mounting bracket (2242) for connecting to the vehicle frame (1) is arranged at the lower end of the second exoskeleton (224).

8. The ballast backfilling device for a cleaning vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that: A ballast separation device (225) for adjusting the ballast flow is respectively arranged above the two material discharge ports (2211), and the ballast separation device (225) comprises a driving cylinder (2255), a rotating shaft (2251) and a ballast separation plate (2253); the cylinder body of the driving cylinder (2255) is mounted on the outer side of the back plate (223) via a supporting seat (2256); one end of the rotating shaft (2251) is connected to the corresponding side plate (222) via a mounting seat (2252), and the other end of the rotating shaft (2251) passes through the back plate (223) and is connected to the piston rod of the driving cylinder (2255) via a crank arm (2257); the ballast separation plate (2253) is arranged at the outlet of the corresponding channel (2111) and is connected to the rotating shaft (2251) via a connecting fork (2254).

9. The ballast backfilling device for a cleaning vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that: The backfill conveyor belt (4) is provided with two openings respectively located below the two material drop openings (2211), and an inner cavity (11) of the frame (1) is provided between the backfill conveyor belt (4) and the material drop openings (2211), the upper end opening of the inner cavity (11) is connected to the corresponding material drop openings (2211), and the lower end opening of the inner cavity (11) is provided with a guide plate (12).

10. A method for the ballast backfilling device for a cleaning vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1. The new ballast transported by the material transport vehicle is transported to the material receiving port of the upper ballast bucket (21) through the new ballast conveyor belt (3); Step S2. The new ballast is diverted through two channels (2111) of the upper ballast bucket (21) and directed to fall into the lower ballast bucket (22); Step S3. The ballast separation device (225) adjusts the new ballast flowing out of the channel (2111) to the target material discharge port (2211), and the process jumps to step S7; Step S4. The ballast excavated from the ballast bed by the cleaning vehicle is conveyed to the vibrating screen (5) via the ballast conveyor belt (6); Step S5. The vibrating screen (5) screens the mixed ballast conveyed by the mixed ballast conveyor belt (6) into dirty soil and clean ballast; Step S6. The dirt falls into the dirt conveyor belt (7) directly below the vibrating screen (5), and the dirt conveyor belt (7) finally throws the dirt to both sides of the line or the material transport vehicle; Step S7. The clean ballast flows to the two discharge ports (2211) of the lower ballast bucket (22); Step S8. The new ballast and the clean ballast after screening pass through the inner cavity (11) of the frame (1) and flow into the corresponding backfill conveyor belt (4) respectively and are finally thrown to the line for backfill.

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