Foundation waterproof isolating layer construction method in building construction

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of waterproofing of building engineering, and discloses a foundation waterproof isolating layer construction method in building construction, which comprises the following steps: step 1, base layer treatment: cleaning and humidity control are performed on a construction base layer to ensure that the water content of the base layer is not higher than 8%, and drying is performed through an industrial fan or an air heater; 2, construction of an environment-friendly permeable sealing layer, wherein the surface of the base layer is coated with a graphene modified water-based nano waterproof coating, and a high-frequency ultrasonic device is used for assisting the coating in permeating into concrete capillary pores; and step 3, laying the high-molecular elastic coiled material. By adopting the multi-layer composite waterproof system and combining the environment-friendly permeable sealing layer, the high-molecular elastic coiled material, the modified asphalt buffer layer and the self-cleaning protective coating, the water permeability is remarkably reduced, the deep permeation and self-healing functions of the graphene modified coating are combined with the high elasticity of the TPO coiled material, so that the waterproof layer can resist erosion of underground water for a long time, and the service life of the waterproof layer is prolonged. And an excellent waterproof effect is provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of building engineering waterproofing, and in particular to a method for constructing a foundation waterproof isolation layer in building construction. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, the demand for underground projects such as underground parking lots, subway stations and high-rise building infrastructure has increased significantly. These underground projects are usually located in areas with high groundwater levels and have long been affected by groundwater erosion, soil pressure, ground subsidence and environmental vibration, which poses severe challenges to building waterproofing design. Traditional waterproofing technologies, including single-layer or multi-layer waterproof membranes, ordinary waterproof coatings and concrete self-waterproofing technology, although they have certain effects under specific conditions, still have many defects and cannot meet the needs of modern underground projects for efficient, long-term and intelligent waterproofing systems.

[0003] Specifically, traditional waterproof coatings have limited penetration capacity, are prone to cracking and peeling under long-term water pressure or environmental changes, and lack self-healing functions, resulting in high maintenance and repair costs. Although single-layer waterproof membranes have tensile properties, the joints are prone to become weak points for leakage, especially after long-term erosion by groundwater and aging, they are prone to breakage and failure. Concrete self-waterproofing technology is not effective in high water pressure environments, and cracks are prone to leakage and difficult to repair. In addition, the existing waterproof system lacks effective monitoring methods after construction, making it difficult to detect damage in a timely manner, resulting in delayed maintenance and increased risks. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for constructing a foundation waterproof isolation layer in building construction, which solves the problems of water seepage, cracking, difficulty in maintenance and lack of real-time monitoring in traditional waterproof systems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A method for constructing a foundation waterproof isolation layer in building construction, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Base treatment: Clean and control the humidity of the construction base to ensure that the moisture content of the base is no more than 8%, and dry it with an industrial fan or hot air blower;

[0007] Step 2: Construction of environmentally friendly penetration sealing layer: Apply graphene-modified water-based nano waterproof coating on the surface of the base layer, and use a high-frequency ultrasonic device to assist the coating to penetrate into the concrete pores;

[0008] Step 3: Laying of polymer elastic coils: Cut the environmentally friendly thermoplastic polyolefin coils into designed sizes, apply special environmentally friendly adhesives, compact the coils and use hot air welding technology to seal the coil interfaces;

[0009] Step 4: Construction of modified asphalt buffer layer: evenly lay bio-based modified asphalt material on the polymer coiled material with a thickness of 5-8 mm, compact it with a paver and a compactor, and set a stress energy absorption belt;

[0010] Step 5: Environmentally friendly protective coating construction: spray water-based silane coating on the buffer layer twice, with a spraying thickness of 1.5 mm;

[0011] Step 6: Embed smart sensors: embed nano humidity sensors and stress sensors in the multi-layer waterproof system, monitor the system status through the Internet of Things, and activate the self-repair function when anomalies are detected.

[0012] Preferably, the base treatment step includes using an industrial vacuum cleaner to remove the dust after cleaning, and repairing and leveling the depressions and cracks of the base using high-strength environmentally friendly cement mortar.

[0013] Preferably, the graphene-modified water-based nano waterproof coating used in the construction step of the environmentally friendly penetration sealing layer is assisted in penetration by a high-frequency ultrasonic device, and the ultrasonic frequency is 40-60kHz.

[0014] Preferably, the laying of the polymer elastic coiled material is precisely positioned using a laser rangefinder and an automatic positioning device, and is rolled multiple times using a pressure roller to remove air.

[0015] Preferably, nano-carbon fibers are added to the modified asphalt buffer layer, and a distributed stress release zone is provided in the buffer layer.

[0016] Preferably, the water-based silane coating used in the environmentally friendly protective coating construction step contains nano titanium dioxide particles.

[0017] Preferably, the smart sensors include nano-humidity sensors and stress sensors, which are arranged at the joints of the coils, deformation joints and high-stress areas, and transmit data through the Internet of Things gateway.

[0018] Preferably, the automatically activated self-repairing function is based on microcapsule technology, wherein the microcapsules contain a repairing agent which is released when an abnormality is detected.

[0019] Preferably, after construction is completed, a drone equipped with high-precision thermal imaging equipment is used to scan the waterproof layer to detect hollows, leaks or defective areas.

[0020] Preferably, during the construction process, a central control system is used to monitor the temperature, humidity and wind speed of the construction environment, adjust construction parameters, and record construction process data.

[0021] The present invention provides a method for constructing a foundation waterproof isolation layer in building construction. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The present invention adopts a multi-layer composite waterproof system, which significantly reduces the water seepage rate through the combination of an environmentally friendly permeable sealing layer, a polymer elastic coil, a modified asphalt buffer layer and a self-cleaning protective coating. The deep penetration and self-healing function of the graphene modified coating combined with the high elasticity of the TPO coil enables the waterproof layer to resist groundwater erosion for a long time, providing an excellent waterproof effect.

[0023] 2. The present invention adopts modified asphalt buffer layer reinforced with nano-carbon fiber and high-strength TPO membrane, so that the whole waterproof system has excellent tensile strength and crack resistance. Even in high-stress environments, such as high-rise buildings and subway station foundation pits, the waterproof layer can withstand building settlement and geological changes to prevent cracking and damage.

[0024] 3. By designing stress release areas and using highly elastic materials, the present invention can effectively disperse and absorb building structure stress, especially in scenes with frequent settlement and vibration such as subway stations and high-rise buildings, significantly reducing the damage to the waterproof layer caused by stress concentration and protecting the stability of the basic structure.

[0025] 4. The present invention combines high-performance materials and scientific multi-layer structure design. The present invention has shown excellent durability in a simulated 10-year environmental test, with no significant material degradation. The self-repair function further extends the service life of the waterproof layer, reduces maintenance requirements, and is suitable for long-term use in high-humidity and high-pressure environments.

[0026] 5. The present invention uses embedded humidity and stress sensors to monitor the status of the waterproof system in real time and promptly warn of potential risks. The Internet of Things technology realizes data transmission and remote management, ensuring that the waterproof system is in the best working state and can quickly respond to abnormal situations, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the system.

[0027] 6. The microcapsule self-repairing technology of the present invention automatically releases the repair agent when cracks or stress concentration occurs, timely repairs the minor damage to the waterproof layer, and prevents the cracks from expanding. This function greatly reduces the cost of manual maintenance and the workload of repair, and is particularly suitable for underground projects that are difficult to maintain frequently, such as subway stations and deep foundation pits.

[0028] 7. The present invention uses bio-based modified asphalt and environmentally friendly water-based paint, which effectively reduces the use of petroleum-based materials and reduces carbon emissions. Self-cleaning paint reduces the frequency of chemical cleaning and maintenance, meets the environmental protection requirements of green buildings, and supports sustainable development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Please see attached Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for constructing a foundation waterproof isolation layer in building construction, comprising the following steps:

[0032] 1. Basic processing

[0033] In this embodiment, base treatment is a basic step to ensure the stability of the waterproof system. Through strict cleaning, repairing and leveling processes, as well as precise control of humidity, ideal conditions are provided for the subsequent bonding of waterproof materials.

[0034] 1.1 Surface cleaning:

[0035] Equipment used: Use a high-pressure water gun to fully rinse the concrete base, with the water pressure adjusted to 100-150 bar, to ensure that all dust, dirt, oil and other impurities on the surface are completely removed. Pay special attention to corners, edges and cracks where dirt is likely to accumulate. These areas must be thoroughly cleaned to avoid any contaminants remaining.

[0036] Treatment of stubborn stains: For oil stains that are difficult to remove, choose an environmentally friendly oil cleaner and use a wire brush or industrial cleaning brush to physically wipe them off to ensure that there is no residual grease on the surface and that no secondary pollution is caused to the environment.

[0037] Industrial vacuuming and drying: After cleaning, use a high-power industrial vacuum cleaner to thoroughly remove the remaining dust and fine particles on the base layer to ensure a clean surface. After that, dry naturally or use an industrial fan to partially dry the wet area to prevent moisture from affecting the subsequent construction quality.

[0038] 1.2 Base repair and leveling:

[0039] Crack and hole repair: For cracks or holes in the concrete base, use high-strength environmentally friendly cement mortar to repair them. Before construction, pre-moisten the repair area to prevent the mortar from losing water quickly and causing poor adhesion. After repair, smooth the mortar with a trowel and polish it with a trowel to ensure that the surface is smooth and has no bumps.

[0040] Flatness test: Use a 2-meter-long ruler or level to check the flatness of the base layer, with the standard error not exceeding 3 mm. If any raised or sunken parts are detected, re-grind or add sand until the construction requirements are met.

[0041] 1.3 Humidity control:

[0042] Humidity measurement: Use a high-precision hygrometer to detect the moisture content of the base layer at multiple locations. The standard requires that the moisture content should not be higher than 8%. If the humidity is found to be too high, use a hot air blower or heating equipment to dry it. When drying, avoid cracks or damage on the surface of the base layer.

[0043] Humidity management strategy: Adjust the humidity control plan according to local climate conditions. For example, when constructing in humid or rainy seasons, you can set up a temporary cover to prevent external water vapor from affecting the moisture content of the base.

[0044] The quality of the base treatment directly determines the overall effect of the waterproof system, especially the bonding and durability of subsequent materials. By strictly controlling the flatness and humidity of the base, the risk of hollowing, delamination or cracking during the construction of the waterproof layer can be significantly reduced, providing reliable guarantee for the firm adhesion of the underlying materials.

[0045] 2. Environmentally friendly penetration sealing layer construction

[0046] In this embodiment, the environmentally friendly penetration sealing layer adopts a graphene-modified water-based nano waterproof coating, which has excellent penetration ability and self-healing properties, and is combined with a high-frequency ultrasonic device for auxiliary construction.

[0047] 2.1 Material selection and preparation:

[0048] Graphene-modified water-based nano-waterproof coating: A water-based waterproof coating containing nano-scale graphene materials is selected. The excellent properties of graphene ensure that the coating can penetrate into the tiny pores of the concrete and form a high-strength self-healing protective layer at the cracks.

[0049] Paint stirring: Before construction, use an electric mixer to fully stir the paint for 5-10 minutes to ensure that all ingredients in the paint are evenly dispersed to achieve the best construction effect.

[0050] 2.2 High frequency ultrasonic assisted spraying:

[0051] Ultrasonic device settings: Adjust the frequency of the high-frequency ultrasonic device to 40-60kHz. The device uses vibration to help the paint penetrate deeper into the pores inside the concrete, thereby enhancing the bonding strength and anti-seepage ability with the base layer.

[0052] Spraying process: Use a high-pressure air compression spray gun to spray the paint evenly. The spraying speed should be kept constant to avoid excessive coating or flow. After each spraying, use a scraper to gently scrape the surface to ensure that the paint evenly covers the entire base.

[0053] Number of layers and thickness: After the first layer of paint is cured, continue to spray the second layer, and the total thickness is controlled between 0.5-1 mm. The curing time depends on the ambient temperature and humidity, generally 3-4 hours, to ensure that each layer of paint can be completely cured.

[0054] 2.3 Curing and quality inspection:

[0055] Natural curing: During the curing process of the paint, good ventilation should be maintained and the use of external heating equipment to accelerate curing should be avoided to ensure that the physical properties of the paint are not affected. During the curing period, the construction area should be closed to prevent dust and debris from entering the paint surface.

[0056] Inspection and repair: After curing is completed, use a portable coating thickness gauge to check the coating thickness. If any area does not meet the standard, re-coat it and cure it again.

[0057] The construction of the penetration sealing layer must be carried out immediately after the base treatment to take advantage of the clean and appropriate humidity state of the base to maximize the penetration depth and bonding strength of the waterproof coating. This step lays a solid foundation for the laying of the polymer elastic membrane to prevent moisture from penetrating from the base.

[0058] 3. Laying of polymer elastic coil

[0059] In this embodiment, environmentally friendly thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) membrane is used for laying the polymer elastic membrane, and high-precision positioning and hot air welding technology are combined during construction to ensure the integrity of the waterproof system.

[0060] 3.1 Coil preparation and pre-laying:

[0061] Membrane characteristics: TPO membrane is an environmentally friendly material with excellent tensile strength, aging resistance and recyclability. The membrane needs to be inspected for quality before laying to confirm that there are no cracks, contamination or wrinkles.

[0062] Cutting and pre-laying: According to the construction design drawings, use a cutting knife to cut the roll to the appropriate size, and use a laser rangefinder to accurately locate the laying position. When laying the roll, it must fit the building base surface without wrinkles or slippage, and reserve a seam width of at least 10 cm for subsequent welding.

[0063] 3.2 Adhesive coating and coil laying:

[0064] Apply adhesive: Apply environmentally friendly special adhesive evenly on the construction base surface. The coating thickness of the adhesive should be controlled at 1-2 mm. After coating, wait for the surface to dry slightly and become slightly sticky (usually 5-10 minutes).

[0065] Roll material laying and compaction: gradually unfold the roll material from one end, and use the roll material roller to roll it from the middle to both sides to remove the air between the roll material and the base layer, ensuring that the roll material is tightly attached and has no hollows. The rolling process requires uniform force, and operators need to perform it alternately in different areas to ensure construction quality.

[0066] 3.3 Interface welding and sealing:

[0067] Hot air welding process: Use an automatic hot air welding machine to weld the seams of the coils. The welding temperature is adjusted according to the on-site temperature and is generally controlled at 400-600°C. The welding width is kept above 5 cm, and the moving speed of the welding machine must be uniform to ensure that the welding line is straight and there is no empty welding.

[0068] Welding strength test: After welding is completed, use a welding probe to test the strength to check for cold solder joints, leaking solder joints or bubbles. If defects are found, they must be repaired immediately and tested again to ensure that all interfaces are sealed firmly.

[0069] As the main waterproof layer of the waterproof system, the polymer elastic membrane must be closely combined with the penetration sealing layer when laid to form a continuous and seamless waterproof barrier. Through precise welding technology, the firmness of the membrane interface and the overall waterproof performance are ensured to effectively prevent moisture from invading the building structure.

[0070] 4. Modified asphalt buffer layer construction

[0071] In this embodiment, the modified asphalt buffer layer adopts bio-based modified asphalt material, and nano-carbon fiber reinforcement material is added therein to provide additional tensile strength and stress absorption capacity.

[0072] 4.1 Material preparation:

[0073] Bio-based modified asphalt: Choose bio-based modified asphalt to reduce carbon footprint, and add nano-carbon fibers to the material to increase its strength and elasticity. The evenly mixed asphalt material needs to be kept at a constant temperature before construction to avoid temperature fluctuations affecting material performance.

[0074] Paver settings: Use a fully automatic intelligent paver for paving, set the thickness to 5-8 mm, and perform a pre-inspection after the equipment is set to ensure that the paving thickness and speed are uniform.

[0075] 4.2 Construction technology:

[0076] Even paving: Release the modified asphalt material evenly from the paver hopper and pave it continuously along the construction area to maintain the flatness and thickness consistency of the material. After paving, immediately use a compactor to roll it several times, and the rolling direction should be cross-cutting to ensure that the material is completely dense and has no pores.

[0077] Setting of stress energy absorption belt: Stress energy absorption belt is set in the deformation joints and settlement sensitive areas of the building structure. The energy absorption belt is made of high elastic material, which can effectively disperse the local concentrated stress and protect the underlying roll material from being damaged.

[0078] 4.3 Distributed stress relief area design:

[0079] Distributed stress relief zones are designed in areas susceptible to structural settlement and deformation, and the elastic properties of nano-carbon fibers are used to disperse stress over a larger range, reduce local stress concentration effects, and prevent the generation of cracks.

[0080] Specific operation: The stress relief area is realized through a layered structure, and lightweight, highly elastic materials are used to form the buffer area. After installation, multiple density tests are carried out.

[0081] The modified asphalt buffer layer is located on the polymer coil, which plays a role of protection and stress buffering. Its flexible characteristics can absorb the settlement deformation of the building structure, reduce stress concentration, protect the waterproof layer from being torn, and provide a stable construction platform for the outer protective coating.

[0082] 5. Environmentally friendly protective coating construction

[0083] In this embodiment, a self-cleaning water-based silane coating is used as the outer layer protection, and the construction process is divided into two spraying processes to ensure the thickness and uniformity of the coating.

[0084] 5.1 Material properties and formulation:

[0085] Water-based silane coating: The coating contains nano-titanium dioxide particles, which have self-cleaning function and decompose surface organic pollutants through photocatalysis, extending the service life of the coating. Stir the coating thoroughly before use to keep the particles evenly dispersed.

[0086] Proportioning and mixing: Accurately proportion the amount of paint according to the construction area and required thickness, and use automatic stirring equipment to stir for 10 minutes to ensure the uniformity of the paint.

[0087] 5.2 Spraying process:

[0088] Initial spraying: Use an air compression spray gun to evenly spray the first layer of paint, keeping the distance between the spray gun and the base surface at 30-40 cm, spraying at a uniform speed without accumulation, and controlling the coating thickness at 0.8 mm. During the construction process, always maintain good ventilation conditions to prevent dust from falling on the wet paint surface.

[0089] Curing and testing: After the first layer of paint has cured for 4-6 hours, spray it for the second time to ensure that the construction thickness reaches 1.5 mm. Use a coating thickness gauge to check the coating thickness and visually inspect the entire surface to ensure there are no cracks, bubbles or other defects.

[0090] 5.3 Quality Control:

[0091] Curing time management: adjust the curing time according to the ambient temperature and humidity, and prohibit construction under strong wind or high humidity conditions to prevent uneven coating curing or surface contamination. After the curing is completed, conduct a comprehensive inspection again.

[0092] As an outer protective layer, the environmentally friendly protective coating has anti-fouling and anti-ultraviolet functions, ensuring that the entire waterproof system maintains excellent protection effects in long-term use. This layer is combined with the buffer layer to further enhance the overall stability and durability of the waterproof system.

[0093] 6. Intelligent sensor embedding and monitoring

[0094] In this embodiment, the intelligent monitoring system is composed of a nano-humidity sensor and a stress sensor, which is responsible for real-time monitoring of the status of the waterproof layer and activating alarms and self-repair functions when abnormalities occur.

[0095] 6.1 Sensor layout:

[0096] Humidity sensor: Installed at the joints of the rolls, expansion joints and other locations prone to water seepage, the humidity sensor can monitor the humidity changes in these areas in real time. The sensor is protected by a special protective cover to prevent failure due to construction or external physical damage.

[0097] Stress sensor: Installed in the parts of the structure where stress is concentrated, such as settlement joints, building corners and important bearing points. The stress sensor is installed in an embedded manner and fixed with elastic anchoring to ensure that the sensor can accurately sense and transmit data.

[0098] 6.2 Data collection and analysis:

[0099] IoT integration: Sensors are connected to the central control system through IoT technology to transmit humidity and stress data in real time. The central system analyzes the data and issues an alarm or notifies construction managers to take action if anomalies are found.

[0100] Construction environment monitoring: The central control system can also record construction environment parameters such as temperature, humidity and wind speed, and adjust the construction plan based on these parameters to optimize the performance of materials.

[0101] The embedded smart sensors provide dynamic monitoring and management capabilities for the waterproofing system, which can detect potential risks in a timely manner and intervene in advance to prevent damage caused by moisture intrusion or structural stress, forming an intelligent closed loop with the overall waterproofing design.

[0102] 7. Self-repair function

[0103] In this embodiment, the self-repair function is based on microcapsule technology. When damage to the waterproof layer or stress concentration is detected, the repair agent is automatically released to complete self-repair.

[0104] 7.1 Application of microencapsulation technology:

[0105] Repair agent composition: The microcapsules store fast-curing resin repair agents inside, and the outer layer is coated with chemical-resistant materials to ensure that the repair agents are not released under normal circumstances. The microcapsules are distributed in the polymer coil and the buffer layer, and are densely arranged in the vulnerable area.

[0106] Rupture and repair process: When the sensor detects cracks or stress concentration, the microcapsules automatically rupture under stress and release the repair agent. The repair agent quickly solidifies after contact with air, forming a continuous sealing layer with the surrounding materials, restoring the original waterproof function.

[0107] 7.2 Automatic monitoring and reporting:

[0108] Repair effect monitoring: After the repair is completed, the sensor continues to monitor the repair area to ensure that the cracks are completely repaired and the waterproof performance is restored. The data is recorded and synchronously transmitted to the central system, and a repair report is generated for management to review.

[0109] As the last line of defense, the self-repair function can quickly fill in and restore waterproofing capabilities when minor damage occurs to the structure, significantly reducing maintenance requirements. Working in conjunction with the intelligent sensing system, it can achieve real-time detection and repair, ensuring the long-term stability of the waterproofing system.

[0110] Embodiment 1:

[0111] This embodiment describes in detail a method for constructing a foundation waterproof isolation layer for an urban underground parking lot, which is intended to cope with special construction environments with high groundwater levels and long-term groundwater erosion, and to ensure that the underground parking lot has excellent waterproof performance and structural stability during long-term use.

[0112] Urban underground parking lots are generally built in areas with low terrain and high groundwater levels. They are subject to long-term water erosion and underground pressure, requiring the foundation waterproofing system to have high impermeability, long-term stability and stress deformation resistance. This construction method uses a multi-layer composite waterproofing system, combined with environmentally friendly materials and intelligent monitoring technology, to provide long-lasting and reliable protection.

[0113] 1. Basic processing

[0114] In this embodiment, for the construction site of the underground parking lot, base treatment is crucial, and comprehensive cleaning, repairing and humidity control are required to provide ideal interface conditions for the subsequent construction of the waterproof layer.

[0115] Cleaning: First, use a high-pressure water gun (pressure set to 120 bar) to rinse the concrete base to thoroughly remove dirt, dust, oil and other debris on the surface, paying special attention to blind spots such as drainage ditches and column bases to ensure that every corner is clean. For areas with severe oil pollution, use an environmentally friendly oil cleaning agent and a wire brush to completely remove it.

[0116] Vacuuming and drying: After rinsing, use an industrial vacuum cleaner to thoroughly remove the remaining dust and impurities after cleaning. Then, according to the air humidity at the construction site, use an industrial fan to partially dry the wet area to ensure that there is no moisture remaining on the surface of the base.

[0117] Repair and leveling: For cracks and holes in the concrete base, high-strength environmentally friendly cement mortar is used for repair. Pre-moisten the repair area to prevent the mortar from losing water and cracking. After repair, use a trowel to smooth it out, and use a 2-meter ruler to check the flatness. The error should not exceed 3 mm. If there are areas that do not meet the standards, they need to be repaired repeatedly until they meet the standards.

[0118] Humidity control: Use high-precision hygrometers to measure multiple key parts to ensure that the moisture content is less than 8%. During construction in rainy seasons, build temporary shelters to prevent rainwater from intruding, and use hot air blowers for necessary auxiliary drying.

[0119] Scenario connection: Due to the high groundwater level in underground parking lots, the base layer must be kept free of water and have a smooth surface to prevent subsequent materials from being unable to bond effectively or causing water seepage.

[0120] 2. Environmentally friendly penetration sealing layer construction

[0121] In this embodiment, the environmentally friendly penetration sealing layer uses a graphene-modified water-based nano waterproof coating, and a high-frequency ultrasonic device is used to assist the coating in penetrating into the concrete.

[0122] Material preparation: Before construction, the graphene-modified water-based nano waterproof coating should be stirred with an automatic mixer for 10 minutes to ensure that the nanoparticles in the coating are fully dispersed and the coating has good fluidity for easy construction.

[0123] High-frequency ultrasonic assisted spraying: Set the frequency of the high-frequency ultrasonic device to 50kHz and use it with an air compression spray gun. When spraying the paint, the ultrasonic vibration can make the paint penetrate deeper into the micropores of the concrete, forming a high-strength sealing barrier. When spraying, keep the distance between the spray gun and the base layer at 30-40 cm, and spray the paths crosswise to ensure uniform coverage. After the first layer of paint is cured for 4 hours, spray the second layer, and the total thickness is controlled at about 1 mm.

[0124] Curing and inspection: When the coating is naturally curing, keep the construction site well ventilated to avoid interference from construction personnel and mechanical equipment. After curing, use a coating thickness gauge to measure the coating thickness, and use visual inspection to check whether there are cracks, bubbles or missing coating. If any problems are found, repair them immediately.

[0125] Scenario connection: The environment of underground parking lots is usually humid and has high water pressure. The high permeability and self-healing properties of graphene-modified coatings can form an effective seal, preventing groundwater from penetrating through micropores and providing a good adhesion surface for the laying of polymer membranes.

[0126] 3. Laying of polymer elastic coil

[0127] In this embodiment, the polymer elastic coiled material is an environmentally friendly thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) coiled material, and high-precision laser positioning and hot air welding technology are used during laying to ensure the integrity of the waterproof layer.

[0128] Coil cutting and pre-laying: According to the construction drawings of the underground parking lot, use a cutting knife to cut the TPO coil into appropriate sizes. When laying, use a laser rangefinder to locate the construction area to ensure the accurate position of the coil and keep the coil flat and close to the base surface, leaving a joint width of 10 cm.

[0129] Adhesive coating and compaction: Apply environmentally friendly adhesive evenly on the cured sealing coating, with a thickness of about 1.5 mm. After the adhesive surface becomes slightly sticky, unfold the TPO coil section by section, and use a special coil roller to roll from the middle to the outside to remove air and ensure that the coil is completely attached to the base layer.

[0130] Hot air welding: Use an automatic hot air welding machine to weld the joints of the coils. The welding temperature is set to 450-550℃. The welding speed is adjusted according to the ambient temperature. The welding width is not less than 5 cm. After welding, use a welding probe to detect the strength and sealing of the joints to ensure that there is no leakage or cold welding. If any problems are found, they must be repaired immediately.

[0131] Scenario connection: TPO membrane is the main waterproof barrier and must be tightly welded and fitted. Underground parking lots are subject to groundwater pressure for a long time. Any loose welding or loose membrane may cause leakage problems.

[0132] 4. Modified asphalt buffer layer construction

[0133] In this embodiment, the modified asphalt buffer layer is made of bio-based modified asphalt material, and nano-carbon fibers are mixed therein to enhance the tensile strength.

[0134] Material preparation: The bio-based modified asphalt material is evenly mixed through a mixing device, and the nano-carbon fiber reinforcement material is added to the asphalt in proportion to ensure uniform mixing to improve the overall tensile properties and cushioning effect.

[0135] Even paving: Place the mixed modified asphalt material into the fully automatic paver, set the thickness to 6 mm, and evenly pave along the structural surface of the underground parking lot. During the paving process, the operator needs to pay close attention to the discharging speed and thickness consistency of the paver.

[0136] Rolling compaction: After paving is completed, a multifunctional compactor is used for rolling immediately, with the rolling sequence alternating between longitudinal and transverse to ensure that the material is completely compacted without gaps. Stress absorption belts are set at deformation joints and settlement areas. The energy absorption belts are distributed with highly elastic materials to reduce the damage of structural settlement stress to the waterproof layer.

[0137] Scenario connection: Underground parking lots are subject to dual pressure from the ground and underground. The elastic buffering properties of the modified asphalt buffer layer help absorb building settlement and external stress, protecting the underlying waterproof structure from damage.

[0138] 5. Environmentally friendly protective coating construction

[0139] In this embodiment, the environmentally friendly protective coating is a self-cleaning water-based silane coating, which is used to form a protective layer to improve the durability of the overall system.

[0140] Material preparation: Pour the water-based silane paint into a blender and stir for 10 minutes to ensure that the nano-titanium dioxide particles are evenly dispersed. Filter the paint before construction to prevent impurities from affecting the spraying effect.

[0141] Spraying process: Use an air compressed spray gun for the first spraying, keep the spray gun 35 cm away from the base surface, spray thickness 0.8 mm, spray speed should be uniform and cover the whole surface. After the paint solidifies, spray for the second time, and the total thickness reaches 1.5 mm.

[0142] Quality inspection and curing: After spraying, keep the construction area ventilated to prevent dust and debris from contaminating the uncured coating. After curing, use a thickness gauge to inspect and visually confirm that the coating surface is flat and crack-free.

[0143] Scenario connection: The outer protective coating of the underground parking lot needs to have anti-fouling and anti-UV properties. There may be automobile exhaust and oil pollution in the parking lot environment. The self-cleaning properties of the coating effectively reduce the maintenance frequency.

[0144] 6. Intelligent sensor embedding and monitoring

[0145] In this embodiment, the intelligent monitoring system is composed of a nano humidity sensor and a stress sensor to monitor the waterproof status of the underground parking lot in real time.

[0146] Sensor installation: Humidity sensors are installed in areas prone to water accumulation and leakage, such as near drains and foundation joints; stress sensors are placed at column bases and settlement zones to monitor changes in structural stress. All sensors are encapsulated in durable protective shells to prevent external damage.

[0147] Data collection and transmission: Sensor data is transmitted to the central control system via a wireless network. The system analyzes humidity and stress data in real time. If any abnormality is found, it will automatically issue an alarm and notify management personnel to inspect and perform maintenance.

[0148] Scenario connection: The intelligent sensor system provides continuous monitoring functions for underground parking lots. When the groundwater level rises or the structure undergoes stress changes, it can issue an early warning to ensure the safe use of the underground parking lot.

[0149] 7. Self-repair function

[0150] In this embodiment, the self-repair function is based on microcapsule technology, which ensures automatic repair when tiny cracks are detected, reducing the need for manual maintenance.

[0151] Microcapsule distribution: Microcapsules are evenly distributed in the polymer coil and modified asphalt buffer layer. Liquid repair agents are stored inside the microcapsules, and the outer layer is protected by an anti-corrosion coating to ensure that the repair agent is released only under stress.

[0152] Automatic repair: When the sensor detects cracks or stress concentration, the microcapsules rupture under the stress, and the repair agent automatically fills the cracks and solidifies, restoring the integrity of the waterproofing system. The repair process is continuously monitored by the sensor, and the data is transmitted to the central system to record the repair time and effect.

[0153] Scenario connection: Underground parking lots are affected by groundwater and vehicle pressure for a long time. The self-healing function of microcapsules reduces the expansion of cracks caused by stress concentration, effectively reduces long-term maintenance costs, and maintains the integrity of the waterproof layer.

[0154] Embodiment 2:

[0155] This embodiment is described for the construction scenario of underground foundation of high-rise buildings. The underground foundation of high-rise buildings usually faces huge stratum pressure, complex geological conditions and long-term groundwater erosion, so the requirements for waterproofing systems are extremely stringent, and they must have high impermeability, strong stress resistance and long-term stability. Through the method of the present invention, an efficient, environmentally friendly and intelligent waterproofing solution can be provided to meet the special needs of underground foundations of high-rise buildings.

[0156] The underground foundation of a high-rise building is located in deep soil and is affected by high-pressure groundwater and ground movement for a long time. During the construction process, the waterproof system not only needs to prevent water penetration, but also needs to be able to resist the structural stress caused by building settlement and temperature changes. This embodiment uses a multi-layer composite waterproof system combined with intelligent monitoring technology to ensure that the underground foundation of a high-rise building remains stable and safe in a complex environment.

[0157] 1. Basic processing

[0158] In this embodiment, base treatment is extremely important, and all defects must be thoroughly cleaned and repaired to ensure that the base surface meets the construction requirements and provides an ideal benchmark for subsequent waterproof layer construction.

[0159] Cleaning: Use a high-pressure water gun (pressure set to 150 bar) to thoroughly clean the concrete base to ensure that the dust, soil, impurities and pollutants on the surface are completely removed. Since the underground foundation of high-rise buildings is buried deep in the stratum, the construction site environment may be humid, so it is necessary to focus on cleaning the accumulated water and mud on the base surface, especially around the column base and concrete joints, to ensure thorough cleaning.

[0160] Vacuuming and drying: After cleaning, use a high-power industrial vacuum cleaner to vacuum the entire base to remove residual fine particles. Next, according to the moisture content test, use industrial fans and dehumidifiers to dry the wet areas, especially in low-lying areas and settlement joints, to ensure that the entire base is evenly dried.

[0161] Repair and leveling: Use high-strength environmentally friendly cement mortar to repair cracks, holes and sunken areas on the concrete surface. During construction, first moisten the repair area with water, then apply the mortar evenly, smooth it with a trowel, and polish it until there are no protrusions or depressions. The flatness is tested with a 2-meter ruler, and the error does not exceed 2 mm. Special sealing materials are used to reinforce construction joints and structural junctions to prevent moisture penetration.

[0162] Humidity control: Use a professional hygrometer to test the moisture content of the base layer and ensure that it is less than 8%. If the moisture content is found to be high, use a hot air blower for continuous drying. Set up a temporary shelter during construction to prevent groundwater backseepage and excessive humidity in the construction environment from affecting the base layer.

[0163] Scene connection: The underground foundation of high-rise buildings is eroded by groundwater and soil moisture for a long time. If the base is not properly treated, it will directly affect the adhesion and durability of the waterproof layer. Therefore, the cleanliness, flatness and humidity of the base must be strictly controlled to ensure the reliability of the subsequent waterproof system.

[0164] 2. Environmentally friendly penetration sealing layer construction

[0165] In this embodiment, the environmentally friendly penetration sealing layer uses a graphene-modified water-based nano waterproof coating, and is combined with a high-frequency ultrasonic device to enhance the permeability and adhesion of the coating.

[0166] Material preparation: Graphene-modified water-based nano waterproof coating was selected as the sealing material due to its excellent permeability and crack resistance. Before construction, the coating was stirred for 15 minutes using an industrial mixer to ensure that the nano-graphene particles were evenly dispersed without precipitation.

[0167] High-frequency ultrasonic assisted painting: Set the high-frequency ultrasonic device at 50kHz and use a high-pressure air spray device for painting. Ultrasonic vibration can deeply penetrate the paint into the concrete pores to form a strong sealing layer. When painting, use the "cross-overlapping" spraying method to ensure uniform coverage of the paint, especially at the corners and joints of the foundation structure.

[0168] Layer number and thickness control: The first layer of paint cures for 4-5 hours, then the second layer is applied, with a thickness of 0.8-1.0 mm. During the curing process, keep the construction environment ventilated and closed to prevent dust and water vapor from contaminating the coating.

[0169] Quality Inspection: After the coating is cured, use a portable thickness gauge to check the coating thickness and conduct a visual inspection at key locations to ensure there are no cracks, voids or sagging. If there are any unqualified areas, re-coat and re-test.

[0170] Scenario connection: The underground foundations of high-rise buildings are often exposed to high-pressure water environments. The high permeability and self-healing properties of graphene-modified coatings effectively prevent groundwater infiltration, and can automatically repair cracks as tiny structures deform, enhancing overall waterproof performance.

[0171] 3. Laying of polymer elastic coil

[0172] In this embodiment, the polymer elastic coil is an environmentally friendly thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) coil, and high-precision positioning technology and automated welding technology are used during laying to ensure construction quality.

[0173] Coil cutting and pre-laying: According to the size requirements of the high-rise building foundation, the TPO coil is cut with professional cutting equipment. When cutting, a seam width of at least 15 cm must be reserved for welding. When laying the coil, a laser locator is used to mark and locate the construction area to ensure the accuracy and flatness of the coil laying. After the coil is unfolded, it is fixed with special tools to prevent the coil from shifting due to environmental wind speed or construction movement.

[0174] Adhesive coating and compaction: Evenly coat the environmentally friendly adhesive on the environmentally friendly penetration sealing layer, and control the coating thickness to 1.5 mm to ensure no accumulation or leakage. When the adhesive surface becomes slightly sticky, unroll the coil from one side and roll it with a coil roller to ensure no hollowing phenomenon, and use a vibrating compactor to enhance the compaction effect.

[0175] Automatic hot air welding: Use an automated hot air welding machine to weld the seams of the coils. The welding temperature is adjusted according to the site temperature and is usually set at 450-600°C. The welding speed is kept uniform and the weld width is not less than 6 cm. After welding is completed, immediately use a welding detection probe to check the welds to ensure that all seams are welded firmly without false welds or bubbles.

[0176] Scenario connection: The foundation of high-rise buildings is subject to high ground pressure. The high strength and anti-aging properties of TPO membrane ensure that it will not deform or fail over a long period of time. Hot air welding technology further improves the firmness of the joints and prevents moisture from penetrating through the interface.

[0177] 4. Modified asphalt buffer layer construction

[0178] In this embodiment, the modified asphalt buffer layer uses bio-based modified asphalt, and highly elastic nanofibers are mixed into it to enhance the tensile strength and stress dispersion ability.

[0179] Material mixing and preparation: The bio-based modified asphalt material needs to be heated to 150°C before use to maintain good fluidity and be fully mixed with the nanofiber material. Use high-efficiency stirring equipment to stir for 10 minutes to ensure that the materials are evenly mixed and there are no agglomerates.

[0180] Even paving: Place the heated and mixed modified asphalt material into the paver, set the thickness to 8 mm, and move the paver at a uniform speed along the foundation surface to maintain a consistent paving thickness, especially for reinforced paving around the foundation joints and column bases.

[0181] Compacting process: Use a fully automatic compactor to roll the paved asphalt layer in a cross-rolling direction to ensure that the material is dense and has no gaps. For areas with concentrated stress, such as around the building core, increase the number of rolling times to improve density and compressive strength.

[0182] Stress release design: Stress release areas are set up in foundation settlement joints and structural deformation areas, and buffer zones are constructed with elastic materials to disperse the stress of the building to a larger area and reduce the damage of local stress to the waterproof layer.

[0183] Scenario connection: The foundation of high-rise buildings will undergo settlement or stress changes over time. The modified asphalt buffer layer can absorb and relieve this stress and protect the underlying membrane from damage. It is particularly suitable for use in high-stress environments.

[0184] 5. Environmentally friendly protective coating construction

[0185] In this embodiment, the environmentally friendly protective coating is a self-cleaning water-based silane coating, which is sprayed twice to improve the protective effect and durability.

[0186] Coating mixing and preparation: Mix the water-based silane coating with nano titanium dioxide particles in proportion and use a high-speed mixer to stir for 15 minutes to ensure the uniformity and fluidity of the coating. After mixing, pour the coating into the spray equipment and install a filter to prevent impurities from clogging the nozzle.

[0187] Initial spraying: Use an air compression spray gun to spray the first layer of paint, keeping the distance between the spray gun and the base surface at 30-35 cm, spraying at a steady speed, ensuring that the paint evenly covers the entire base surface, and the spraying thickness is 0.8 mm. The curing time is 5 hours, during which ventilation is maintained to prevent the paint surface from being contaminated.

[0188] Second spraying: After the first layer of paint is completely cured, spray the second layer, and the total thickness reaches 1.6 mm. After spraying, use a thickness gauge to check to ensure that the coating thickness of each area meets the standard requirements and check for bubbles, cracks and uncovered areas.

[0189] Scenario connection: The foundation of high-rise buildings needs to resist groundwater and environmental corrosion for a long time. The self-cleaning and UV resistance properties of environmentally friendly protective coatings can effectively extend the service life of the waterproofing system, reduce the need for subsequent maintenance, and ensure the structural safety of the building.

[0190] 6. Intelligent sensor embedding and monitoring

[0191] In this embodiment, the intelligent sensing system is equipped with humidity and stress sensors to monitor the status of the waterproof system in real time to ensure the continued effectiveness of the waterproof layer.

[0192] Sensor layout: Humidity sensors are installed on foundation pedestals, column bases and areas where groundwater may accumulate, and stress sensors are installed on the building core tube and exterior wall load-bearing structures. All sensors are sealed with protective covers to prevent damage caused by humid environments or physical impacts.

[0193] Data transmission and monitoring: The sensor transmits data to the building management system through the IoT module to monitor humidity and stress changes in real time. The system sets alarm thresholds. If excessive humidity or abnormal structural stress is detected, an alarm will be automatically sent to the building management center and an emergency plan will be initiated.

[0194] Scenario connection: The underground foundation of high-rise buildings is in a complex geological environment for a long time. The intelligent monitoring system can capture changes in the waterproof layer in a timely manner, issue early warnings and take repair measures, which helps prevent sudden water seepage or structural damage.

[0195] 7. Self-repair function

[0196] In this embodiment, the self-repair function uses embedded microcapsule technology to ensure automatic repair when cracks appear, reducing maintenance costs and manual intervention.

[0197] Microcapsule configuration: The microcapsules contain high-viscosity resin repair agents, and the outer layer is coated with corrosion-resistant nano-coating. The microcapsules are distributed in the polymer coils and modified asphalt buffer layers, focusing on the foundation settlement joints and areas where the structure is subjected to concentrated stress.

[0198] Repair mechanism: When the sensor detects stress concentration or cracks, the microcapsules rupture under stress, and the repair agent is immediately released and diffuses into the cracks, quickly solidifying with the surrounding materials to restore the integrity of the waterproof layer. The repair process data is monitored in real time by the sensor and recorded in the central control system.

[0199] Scenario connection: The underground foundation of high-rise buildings is affected by the external environment and internal structural stress all year round. The microcapsule self-repairing technology can fill the cracks in the first time, maintain the overall performance of the waterproof layer, and effectively extend the service life of the system.

[0200] This embodiment aims at the complex environment of underground foundation of high-rise buildings, and realizes comprehensive and efficient waterproof effect through multi-layer composite waterproof system and intelligent monitoring technology. Each step cooperates with each other to form a complete waterproof structure, which can not only resist the long-term erosion of groundwater, but also adapt to the deformation and stress changes of the structure, and provide long-term and stable foundation protection for high-rise buildings.

[0201] Embodiment three:

[0202] This embodiment describes in detail the construction scenario of subway station foundation pit. The construction environment of subway station foundation pit is complex and is affected by multiple factors such as groundwater pressure, ground settlement, traffic vibration and sudden water seepage, so the requirements for waterproof isolation layer are extremely stringent. This method combines a multi-layer waterproof system with intelligent monitoring means to provide a comprehensive and long-lasting protection solution for subway stations, ensuring safety and durability in long-term use.

[0203] Subway station foundation pits are often located in areas with high groundwater levels in cities, and due to the vibrations caused by the frequent operation of subway trains, the foundation pit structure is extremely susceptible to stress concentration and water erosion. Therefore, when constructing the waterproof isolation layer, efficient waterproof measures must be taken, combined with intelligent monitoring, to keep track of the operating status of the waterproof system at all times.

[0204] 1. Basic processing

[0205] In this embodiment, foundation pit base treatment is one of the key steps, and it is necessary to ensure that the base surface is clean, flat and has appropriate humidity to ensure the construction effect of the subsequent waterproof layer.

[0206] Cleaning: Use a high-pressure water gun (set pressure 180 bar) to fully flush the bottom and side walls of the foundation pit, especially at key locations such as water seepage points, pipeline crossings, and construction joints, to ensure that all dust, mud, and oil stains are completely removed. Since there are often many interlaced steel bars and supporting structures in the foundation pit, a special brush is required to clean the area around the steel bars to avoid debris residue.

[0207] Vacuuming and drying: After flushing, use industrial vacuuming equipment to remove dust from the bottom and side walls of the foundation pit, and use industrial fans and dehumidifiers to dry the base surface to ensure that there is no obvious wet area on the base surface. For areas with more serious water seepage, pre-block or drain them before drying.

[0208] Repair and leveling: For cracks and holes in the concrete base, use high-strength, quick-drying environmentally friendly cement mortar to repair them. During construction, the cracks need to be cleaned and the surface of the cracks should be slightly moistened with a wet towel to prevent the cement mortar from losing water and cracking. After the repair is completed, use a trowel to polish it so that the entire base surface reaches the standard of being flat and without bumps and concave spots, with an error of no more than 2 mm.

[0209] Humidity control: Use a hygrometer to detect the moisture content of the foundation pit base to ensure that it does not exceed 8%. If the ambient humidity is high, a covered shed must be set up in the construction area and equipped with a high-power dehumidifier for continuous drying to prevent the environmental humidity from affecting the construction quality.

[0210] Scenario connection: The foundation pit of the subway station is affected by groundwater pressure and stratum seepage all year round. The base treatment must be strictly implemented to ensure the adhesion of subsequent materials and the overall waterproof effect, laying a solid foundation for subsequent construction.

[0211] 2. Environmentally friendly penetration sealing layer construction

[0212] In this embodiment, the environmentally friendly penetration sealing layer adopts graphene-modified water-based nano waterproof coating, and combines high-frequency ultrasonic technology to enhance the penetration effect and sealing ability of the coating.

[0213] Material preparation: Pour the graphene-modified water-based nano waterproof coating into an electric mixer and stir for 15 minutes to ensure that all ingredients in the coating are evenly dispersed to form a stable emulsion. After stirring, filter the coating through a sieve to prevent particles from clogging the spray gun.

[0214] High-frequency ultrasonic assisted spraying: Adjust the high-frequency ultrasonic device to 45-55kHz and use it in conjunction with an air compression spray gun. Ultrasonic vibration allows the paint molecules to penetrate deeper and form a dense chemical bonding layer with the concrete substrate. When spraying, use the "upper and lower staggered spraying method" to ensure that every surface is evenly covered. For pipeline crossings, construction joints and foundation pit corners, focus on spraying and increase the thickness appropriately.

[0215] Curing and quality control: After the first layer of paint is sprayed, wait for 4-5 hours for natural curing before spraying the second layer, with a total thickness of 1 mm. Maintain good ventilation conditions at the construction site to prevent dust and impurities from contaminating the coating. After curing, use a portable thickness gauge to check to ensure that the coating thickness meets the design requirements, and use visual inspection to check for cracks, bubbles or uncovered areas.

[0216] Scenario connection: The seepage pressure of the subway station foundation pit is relatively high. The high permeability and self-healing properties of graphene-modified coatings can form a strong sealing barrier to prevent groundwater intrusion, while providing additional anti-crack protection to adapt to the long-term use environment of the foundation pit.

[0217] 3. Laying of polymer elastic coil

[0218] In this embodiment, the polymer elastic coiled material is an environmentally friendly thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) coiled material, and a high-precision laying and hot air welding process is used to ensure the integrity of the waterproof layer.

[0219] Coil cutting and pre-laying: According to the size of the bottom and side walls of the foundation pit, the TPO coil is cut with a precision cutting machine. The coil needs to be laid flat along the bottom of the foundation pit and extended upward in the side wall area. A 15 cm welding width is reserved for the joints to ensure a seamless connection between the side wall and the bottom. Temporary fixing nails are used to fix the coil in place during pre-laying to prevent slippage during construction.

[0220] Adhesive coating and compaction: Evenly coat the environmentally friendly special adhesive on the environmentally friendly penetration sealing layer, and keep the adhesive thickness at about 1.5 mm. When laying the roll material, use the roll material roller to roll from the middle to both sides to remove air and ensure that the roll material fits tightly without hollows. To ensure the compaction effect, use a vibrating compactor for further reinforcement in areas with greater vibration influence.

[0221] Hot air welding: Use an automatic hot air welding machine to weld the seams of the coils. The welding temperature is controlled at 500-550℃. Adjust the welding speed according to the actual environmental conditions to ensure that the welding line is uniform and has no gaps. After welding, use a welding probe to slide along the weld to check the quality of the seam. If a false weld or a weak weld is found, repair it immediately.

[0222] Scenario connection: The subway station foundation pit structure is complex and is affected by groundwater pressure and stratum movement for a long time. The high elasticity and durability of TPO membrane can adapt to the deformation of the foundation pit. Hot air welding technology ensures the sealing of the joints and effectively prevents water seepage.

[0223] 4. Modified asphalt buffer layer construction

[0224] In this embodiment, the modified asphalt buffer layer uses bio-based modified asphalt, and nano-carbon fibers are mixed into it to form a protective layer with high tensile strength and buffering performance.

[0225] Material heating and mixing: Heat the bio-based modified asphalt material to 160°C, maintain fluidity and mix the nanofibers into the asphalt according to the designed ratio. Use an industrial mixer for 10 minutes of efficient mixing to ensure that the nanofibers are evenly distributed in the asphalt.

[0226] Paving and rolling: Use a fully automatic paver to evenly spread the modified asphalt material on the TPO roll, and set the paving thickness to 6 mm to ensure uniform material distribution without accumulation. After paving, use a compactor to roll it immediately, alternating rolling directions, especially rolling multiple times at the intersection of the bottom of the foundation pit and the side wall to enhance the density.

[0227] Stress buffer design: Stress release zones are set at the junction of the bottom and side walls of the foundation pit, as well as in areas where settlement may occur. Buffer zones are laid with highly elastic materials to disperse stress concentration and prevent cracking of the waterproof layer due to structural settlement.

[0228] Scenario connection: The foundation pit of the subway station is affected by the vibration generated by the operation of the train and the long-term groundwater pressure. The modified asphalt buffer layer can effectively absorb and disperse these external forces, prevent the waterproof layer from failing due to stress concentration, and protect the integrity of the waterproof system.

[0229] 5. Environmentally friendly protective coating construction

[0230] In this embodiment, the environmentally friendly protective coating is a self-cleaning water-based silane coating, which is sprayed twice to form a long-lasting external protective layer.

[0231] Coating preparation and mixing: Mix water-based silane coating and nano titanium dioxide particles in proportion, stir for 10 minutes and filter to ensure that there are no impurity particles blocking the spray gun. Put the mixed coating into the high-pressure spray equipment for later use.

[0232] Initial spraying: Use high-pressure spraying equipment to spray the first layer of paint with a thickness of 0.8 mm. Keep the distance between the spray gun and the base surface at 30 cm during operation and move at a steady speed to ensure uniform coverage of the coating. After spraying, keep the site ventilated and cure naturally for 5 hours.

[0233] Secondary spraying: After the first layer of paint is completely cured, spray the second layer to ensure that the total thickness reaches 1.6 mm. After completion, use a thickness gauge to check the coating thickness and inspect the entire base surface to ensure that the surface is smooth, free of cracks and uncovered areas.

[0234] Scenario connection: The humidity in subway stations is high and the air pollution is serious. The photocatalytic decomposition function of the self-cleaning water-based silane coating effectively prevents coating pollution and aging, reduces the need for daily maintenance, and ensures that the waterproof layer is in good condition for a long time.

[0235] 6. Intelligent sensor embedding and monitoring

[0236] In this embodiment, the intelligent monitoring system is installed with humidity and stress sensors to monitor the performance changes of the waterproof system in real time to ensure the safety of the foundation pit structure.

[0237] Sensor installation: Humidity sensors are placed at the seepage prone areas at the bottom of the foundation pit and the settlement points of the side walls. Stress sensors are installed at key locations of the foundation pit support structure to monitor the stress of the foundation pit structure. All sensors are sealed with protective devices to prevent damage caused by humid environments.

[0238] Data transmission and management: The sensor transmits data to the central control system via a wireless network, and the system analyzes humidity and stress changes in real time. If an abnormality is detected, the system will immediately sound an alarm and notify construction or maintenance personnel to conduct inspections.

[0239] Scenario connection: Subway station foundation pits are affected by groundwater pressure and train vibration for a long time. The intelligent sensing system can detect and warn of potential risks in advance, take remedial measures in time, and ensure the safety of the foundation pit and station structure.

[0240] 7. Self-repair function

[0241] In this embodiment, the self-repair function utilizes embedded microcapsule technology to ensure automatic repair when tiny cracks occur, effectively extending the service life of the waterproof system.

[0242] Microcapsule design and layout: Microcapsules contain high-viscosity repair resin and are coated with anti-hydrolysis and corrosion-resistant materials. Microcapsules are evenly distributed in the polymer coil and modified asphalt buffer layer, mainly at the junction of the bottom of the foundation pit and the side wall, stress concentration points and high-incidence areas of water seepage.

[0243] Automatic repair process: When the stress sensor detects structural deformation or cracks, the microcapsules rupture under stress, the repair resin is released and automatically fills the cracks, quickly solidifies and restores the integrity of the waterproof layer. The repair process is continuously monitored by the sensor and a report is generated and uploaded to the central system.

[0244] Scenario connection: The foundation pit of subway stations has been eroded by external forces and groundwater for a long time. The self-repair function can effectively reduce water seepage and crack expansion, reduce the frequency of manual maintenance, and ensure the long-term safe operation of the station.

[0245] This embodiment provides a multi-layer waterproof system and intelligent monitoring technology for the complex construction environment of subway station foundation pits, realizing efficient, environmentally friendly and intelligent waterproof isolation layer construction. The close coordination of materials and processes of each layer ensures the stability and durability of the waterproof system, provides comprehensive protection for subway station foundation pits, and meets the needs of long-term safe use.

[0246] Table 1 Comparison table of experimental data of embodiment

[0247]

[0248]

[0249] Experimental data comparison:

[0250] Water permeability test: simulating the groundwater pressure environment and measuring the water permeability of the waterproof layer. All three embodiments showed extremely low water permeability, meeting the long-term waterproofing requirements.

[0251] Tensile strength: The tensile strength of waterproof materials is tested under different stress conditions. High-rise buildings and subway station foundation pits have greater structural stress, so the materials used have higher tensile strength.

[0252] Stress dispersion effect: Evaluate the efficiency of the waterproof layer buffer material in dispersing stress. The subway station foundation pit has the best effect due to the special stress release design.

[0253] Durability test: After 10 years of simulated environmental testing, all three embodiments showed excellent durability without obvious degradation.

[0254] Automatic repair rate of cracks: The efficiency of microcapsule technology in repairing cracks was tested, and the repair rate of subway station foundation pits was the highest.

[0255] Humidity sensor response time: The humidity sensors of the three embodiments have short response times, and the system in the subway station foundation pit performs best.

[0256] Stress sensor accuracy: The accuracy of stress sensors increases successively, and the subway station foundation pit requires the highest accuracy.

[0257] Material curing time: The material curing time of the three embodiments is basically the same, ensuring construction efficiency.

[0258] Coating thickness consistency deviation: Measuring the consistency of coating thickness, with the highest accuracy in subway station foundation pit construction.

[0259] Adaptability to environmental temperature and humidity: The adaptability range of the materials in the three embodiments gradually increases from ordinary to extreme environments.

[0260] Vibration tolerance: Simulating the impact of environmental vibration, the materials and structures used in the subway station foundation pit have stronger vibration tolerance.

[0261] Total construction time: Construction time varies according to the complexity of different scenarios, and the construction time of subway station foundation pit is the longest.

[0262] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a foundation waterproof isolation layer in building construction, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Base treatment: Clean and control the humidity of the construction base to ensure that the moisture content of the base is no more than 8%, and dry it with an industrial fan or hot air blower; Step 2: Construction of environmentally friendly penetration sealing layer: Apply graphene-modified water-based nano waterproof coating on the surface of the base layer, and use a high-frequency ultrasonic device to assist the coating to penetrate into the concrete pores; Step 3: Laying of polymer elastic coils: Cut the environmentally friendly thermoplastic polyolefin coils into designed sizes, apply special environmentally friendly adhesives, compact the coils and use hot air welding technology to seal the coil interfaces; Step 4: Construction of modified asphalt buffer layer: evenly lay bio-based modified asphalt material on the polymer coiled material with a thickness of 5-8 mm, compact it with a paver and a compactor, and set a stress energy absorption belt; Step 5: Environmentally friendly protective coating construction: spray water-based silane coating on the buffer layer twice, with a spraying thickness of 1.5 mm; Step 6: Embed smart sensors: embed nano humidity sensors and stress sensors in the multi-layer waterproof system, monitor the system status through the Internet of Things, and activate the self-repair function when anomalies are detected.

2. A method for constructing a foundation waterproof isolation layer in building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base treatment steps include using an industrial vacuum cleaner to remove the dust after cleaning, and repairing and leveling the depressions and cracks in the base with high-strength, environmentally friendly cement mortar.

3. The method for constructing a foundation waterproof isolation layer in a building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The graphene-modified water-based nano waterproof coating used in the construction step of the environmentally friendly penetration sealing layer is assisted in penetration by a high-frequency ultrasonic device with an ultrasonic frequency of 40-60kHz.

4. The method for constructing a foundation waterproof isolation layer in a building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laying of polymer elastic coils is precisely positioned using laser rangefinders and automatic positioning equipment, and is rolled multiple times using pressure rollers to remove air.

5. The method for constructing a foundation waterproof isolation layer in building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: Nanocarbon fibers are added into the modified asphalt buffer layer, and a distributed stress release area is arranged in the buffer layer.

6. The method for constructing a foundation waterproof isolation layer in building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-based silane coating used in the construction steps of the environmentally friendly protective coating contains nano titanium dioxide particles.

7. The method for constructing a foundation waterproof isolation layer in building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: Smart sensors include nano humidity sensors and stress sensors, which are deployed at the joints of coils, deformation joints and high-stress areas, and transmit data through the Internet of Things gateway.

8. The method for constructing a foundation waterproof isolation layer in building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatically activated self-healing function is based on microcapsule technology, which contains repair agents and releases them when an abnormality is detected.

9. The method for constructing a foundation waterproof isolation layer in building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the construction is completed, a drone equipped with high-precision thermal imaging equipment is used to scan the waterproof layer to detect hollows, leaks or defective areas.

10. The method for constructing a foundation waterproof isolation layer in building construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the construction process, a central control system is used to monitor the temperature, humidity and wind speed of the construction environment, adjust construction parameters, and record construction process data.

Images