Angular contact ball bearing rolling element load-bearing unit test device with variable contact state

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of bearing testing, and specifically relates to a testing device for a rolling element bearing unit of an angular contact ball bearing with a variable contact state, comprising: an outer ring clamping device, a rolling element deflection and clamping device, an inner ring guiding device, an axial clearance adjusting device, a radial and bending moment loading device, and a tested bearing; by adjusting the axial clearance of the bearing and the position of the rolling element, the contact angle and the position angle between the rolling element and the raceway are adjusted, and in combination with an outer ring boundary constraint device, an inner ring guiding device, and a radial force and bending moment loading device, composite loading under the equivalent constraint condition of the rolling element single boundary is achieved, and further a testing device is used to obtain the displacement of the inner ring of the bearing, and strain gauges are arranged near the raceway, so as to obtain the radial stiffness and contact angle stiffness of the bearing, and the contact strain distribution caused by the rolling element, so as to achieve the displacement, stiffness and strain of the bearing bearing unit under the equivalent constraint boundary condition of changing the contact angle and position angle between the rolling element and the raceway and under the bearing loading.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of bearing testing, and in particular relates to a testing device for a rolling element load-bearing unit of an angular contact ball bearing with a variable contact state. Background Art

[0002] Angular contact ball bearings are ball bearings in which the rolling elements contact the inner and outer ring raceways and form a contact angle with the normal line. Multiple rolling elements bear the load on the bearing and form a rolling element bearing unit. The contact angle changes with the radial clearance, and as the bearing operating temperature increases, the contact angle of the rolling element changes. The rolling element will cause the circumferential position of the rolling element to change as it rotates, causing the position angle of the rolling element to change, which will have a significant impact on the mechanical properties of the bearing. Therefore, it is important to clarify the mechanical characteristics of the contact angle and position angle of multiple bearing rolling elements.

[0003] However, although there are some simulation analyses for angular contact ball bearings, such as the paper: Contact characteristics and heat generation analysis of angular contact ball bearings affected by structural parameters, the influence of structural parameters on the bearing stress state is proposed, but the verification of the experimental part of the established model is lacking. Patent: A device and method for measuring the contact angle of a four-point angular contact bearing, a contact angle measurement method is proposed, but the test of bearing displacement and strain caused by changes in the bearing contact angle is lacking.

[0004] At present, most of the influence of the contact angle between the rolling element and the raceway of angular contact ball bearings and the position angle on the bearing deformation is mainly based on finite element simulation, and there is a lack of variable contact state angular contact ball bearing rolling element load-bearing unit test equipment that can adjust the contact angle and position angle. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve the deficiencies in the prior art and proposes a test device for an angular contact ball bearing rolling element load-bearing unit with a variable contact state, which can test multiple load-bearing rolling element units and can be used to study the mechanical properties of multiple rolling elements when they are loaded.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a test device for the rolling element load-bearing unit of an angular contact ball bearing with a variable contact state, including an axial clearance adjustment device and a rolling element deflection and clamping device, which adjusts the contact angle and position angle of the rolling element and the raceway by adjusting the axial clearance of the bearing and the position of the rolling element, and combines the outer ring boundary constraint device, the inner ring guide device and the radial force and bending moment loading device to realize the composite loading under the equivalent constraint conditions of the rolling element monomer boundary. The test device is further used to obtain the displacement of the inner ring of the bearing, and the strain gauges are arranged near the raceway to obtain the radial stiffness and contact angle stiffness of the bearing, and the contact strain distribution caused by the rolling element, so as to realize the displacement, stiffness strain of the bearing under the equivalent constraint boundary conditions of changing the contact angle and position angle of the rolling element and the raceway and the bearing loading.

[0007] This solution calculates the load distribution of the entire angular contact ball bearing when it is subjected to radial load, and selects the rolling element that is subjected to greater force and the inner and outer rings corresponding to the rolling element as the load-bearing unit of the angular contact ball bearing of the present invention. In order to effectively simulate the simulation of the model in the finite element, it is necessary to restrict the freedom of the outer ring of the bearing to achieve the full constraint of the outer ring of the bearing in the present invention, and it is necessary to restrict the freedom of the rolling element to achieve the restriction of the freedom of the revolution of the rolling element in the present invention. Since the inner ring of the bearing is the main loading part, it is necessary to guide the inner ring of the bearing to achieve the guiding function of the inner ring of the bearing in the present invention. Apply radial force through radial and bending moment loading devices F r1 And radial force F r2 ,when F r1 = F r2 When the hydraulic cylinder exerts only radial force, F r1 < F r2 When the two hydraulic cylinders exert forces of bending moment and radial force, the magnitude of the bending moment is ( F r2 - F r1 )* d , in this formula d is the center distance between the two hydraulic cylinders. In the present invention, a second slider and a guide rail device are installed under the mounting plate of the hydraulic cylinder to achieve the span d The force application method of the present invention is realized by adjustment.

[0008] The angular contact ball bearing bearing unit of the present invention is a partial bearing structure in the sector area of ​​the bearing where a single rolling element is located, including an outer ring in the sector area, an inner ring in the sector area and a portion of the rolling element therebetween, and the end faces of the outer rings and inner rings of two adjacent sector areas are split surfaces;

[0009] The test device described in this scheme includes: a test bench frame, on which an outer ring clamping device, a rolling body deflection and clamping device, an inner ring guide device, an axial clearance adjustment device, a radial and bending moment loading device and a tested bearing are integrated; the test bench frame includes: a rectangular frame at the bottom and a double-bar frame located at the upper part of the rectangular frame, in which an outer ring clamping device, a rolling body deflection and clamping device, an inner ring guide device and an axial clearance adjustment device are sequentially arranged; the tested bearing is placed between the outer ring clamping device and the inner ring guide device, and the axial clearance adjustment device is located on one side of the tested bearing; a radial and bending moment loading device is arranged in the rectangular frame located at the lower part of the inner ring guide device, and a through hole for the radial and bending moment loading device to pass through is arranged in the inner ring guide device, the telescopic end of the radial and bending moment loading device is in contact with the inner ring of the tested bearing, and the end of the radial and bending moment loading device is slidably installed on the bottom beam of the rectangular frame;

[0010] Furthermore, the rectangular frame and the double-bar frame of the test bench frame are both welded by square tubes;

[0011] Furthermore, the axial clearance adjustment device comprises: a first knob, a first slider, a fixed block, a micrometer, a fixing bolt and a mounting plate; a fixing block is provided inside the first slider, a first knob is provided at one end of the first slider, a micrometer is installed at one end of the first slider opposite to the first knob, the axial clearance adjustment device is fixed to the mounting plate by fixing bolts, and the mounting plate is installed on the double-bar frame of the test bench frame by bolts, thereby realizing the installation of the axial clearance adjustment device;

[0012] When in use, by turning the first knob, the first slider can be displaced on the fixed slideway, thereby driving the first slider to move along the axial direction, and then pushing the inner ring of the bearing to move the inner ring. The movement amount is manually measured by a micrometer, thereby realizing the axial displacement of the bearing. δ Precise control of

[0013] The above structure of this scheme adjusts the displacement of the axial clearance adjustment device by adjusting δ The axial clearance can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the contact angle between the rolling element and the raceway.

[0014] Furthermore, the rolling body deflection and clamping device comprises: a rectangular block clamping baffle, a first hexagonal bolt, and a pushing hexagonal bolt; the rectangular block clamping baffle is located on the upper part of the retaining frame, and the retaining frame is installed with a retaining frame deflection pointer; when in use, the retaining frame is clamped by pushing the hexagonal bolt, and the pushing hexagonal bolt is installed on the rectangular block clamping baffle, and the rectangular block clamping baffle is fixed to the detachable box body by the hexagonal bolt, and the detachable box body is fixed to the test bench frame body by the clamping mechanism to realize the constraint of the rolling body's revolution freedom; by tightening the pushing hexagonal nut and then pushing the retaining frame, the retaining frame drives the rolling body to deflect on the raceway, and the deflection position angle of the rolling body is obtained. θ y , realizing the deflection of the rolling element;

[0015] The rolling body deflection and clamping device mentioned above in this scheme promotes the change of the angle of the rolling body relative to the inner and outer rings in the normal direction, and can adjust the position angle of the rolling body and the load direction to achieve the adjustment of the position angle θy between the rolling body and the raceway, which is used to simulate the change of the position angle caused by the rotation of the rolling body; the rolling body clamping device realizes the limitation of the freedom of the rolling body's revolution by clamping the retaining frame through the rectangular block.

[0016] Furthermore, the outer ring clamping device comprises: a vise assembly and a detachable box located below the vise assembly, the detachable box is a cavity structure with clamping plates arranged on all sides and open and connected at the top and bottom, and the bearing bearing unit is matched in the cavity; the vise assembly is arranged on the detachable box, and the vise assembly comprises a fixed clamp body and a movable clamp body; the movable clamp body of the vise assembly is close to the clamping plate on one side of the detachable box; the fixed clamp body is fixedly arranged, and the movable clamp body is movably arranged on the fixed clamp body, and the fixed clamp body is connected to another clamping plate on the opposite side of the clamping plate connected to the movable clamp body; the movable clamp body drives the clamping plate to move closer to or away from the clamping plate in the direction of the fixed clamp body to clamp the bearing; the two clamping plates are distributed at both ends of the bearing bearing unit and are used to clamp the two split surfaces at both ends of the outer ring of the bearing bearing unit;

[0017] Furthermore, a screw rod is embedded in the fixed clamp body, a nut is connected with a thread on the screw rod, the nut is fixedly connected to the movable clamp body, one end of the screw rod is screwed into one end of the fixed clamp body and a second knob is set, and the other end of the screw rod extends out of the fixed clamp body and is fixed by a cotter pin; fixed clamp body positioning holes are set at both ends of the fixed clamp body for fixing to the test bench frame; when in use, the second knob of the fixed clamp body is turned to realize the rotation of the screw rod, and the screw rod drives the nut matched therewith, and the upper part of the nut is connected to the movable clamp body through a pin shaft to realize the control of the distance of the clamping plate;

[0018] Furthermore, the other two opposite clamping plates of the detachable box are respectively in the same direction as the positioning holes at both ends of the fixed clamp body; a reinforcing rib baffle is also provided at one end of one of the clamping plates, and the reinforcing rib baffle is fixed to the detachable box by bolts;

[0019] During installation, first fix the fixed clamp body on the test bench frame by bolts passing through the fixing holes, and drive the clamping plate of the detachable box body to move to the opposite side for clamping by the movable clamp body, so as to limit the freedom of the bearing outer ring in the Y direction; clamp the detachable box body through the hexagon socket bolts and the reinforcing rib baffle plate, so as to limit the freedom of the bearing outer ring in the X and Z directions; thereby, complete constraint of the freedom of the bearing outer ring is achieved.

[0020] Furthermore, the inner ring guide device comprises: a guide block and a second hexagonal bolt, an elastic washer and a corresponding hexagonal nut; the guide block is a two-level stepped platform structure with a top groove, the top groove is used to embed the inner ring, and two second hexagonal bolts are respectively arranged on the surface of the bottom stepped platform, and the inner ring guide device is fixed to the test bench frame by the two second hexagonal bolts, and a rectangular hole for loading the moment loading device is provided in the top groove of the guide block; the second hexagonal bolt contacts the guide block through the setting of the elastic washer, which can play a role of buffering and shock absorption;

[0021] The inner ring guide device mentioned above in this scheme realizes axial and radial loading and circumferential constraint on the inner ring of the bearing through the guiding function of the guide block.

[0022] Furthermore, the radial and moment loading device comprises: two hydraulic cylinders, a hydraulic cylinder mounting plate, a flat-head hexagonal bolt, a level washer, a second slider, a guide rail, and a self-aligning floating interface; the hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the hydraulic cylinder mounting plate by bolts, the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the second slider by a flat-head hexagonal bolt and a level washer, the second slider is mounted on the guide rail, and the guide rail is mounted on the test bench frame by bolts to achieve the connection between the guide rail and the test bench frame; a self-aligning floating interface is provided on the top of the hydraulic cylinder;

[0023] When the forces applied by the two hydraulic cylinders are equal, only radial load is applied. When the forces of the two hydraulic cylinders are different, the difference between the larger force and the smaller force and the center span distance of the two hydraulic cylinders are the bending moment. By adjusting the center distance of the two hydraulic cylinders, the span can be controlled, and then the bending moment can be controlled. The simulation of the tested bearing under various complex working conditions is realized.

[0024] The radial and bending moment loading device of the present invention realizes the loading of radial force and bending moment on the rolling bearing by using two hydraulic cylinders in coordination, and further realizes the loading of the rolling bearing under complex working conditions.

[0025] Furthermore, the self-aligning floating interface contains a spherical top block, which is mainly used to compensate for the eccentricity error between the piston rod and the cylinder body, and prevent system failures caused by eccentricity or deflection, such as oil leakage or piston rod jamming. Secondly, the self-aligning floating interface helps to extend the service life of the hydraulic cylinder by reducing friction and wear caused by inaccurate assembly or movement, thus achieving protection for the hydraulic cylinder.

[0026] Furthermore, the test bench frame includes a clamping plate fixing hole, a reinforcing rib mounting baffle connecting surface, a bottom guide rail fixing hole, an axial clearance adjustment device fixing hole and an inner ring guide device connecting surface; the clamping plate fixing hole is connected to the fixing clamp body of the clamping plate by bolts so as to be fixed to the test bench frame; the reinforcing rib mounting baffle connecting surface is connected to the reinforcing rib mounting baffle by bolts so as to be fixed to the test bench frame; the bottom guide rail fixing hole is connected to the guide rail by bolts so as to be fixed to the test bench frame; the axial clearance adjustment device fixing hole is connected to the mounting plate by bolts so as to be fixed to the test bench frame; the inner ring guide device connecting surface is connected to the test bench frame by bolts so as to be fixed to the test bench frame; various devices are fixed to the test bench frame by different connection methods to ensure the normal operation of various parts.

[0027] Furthermore, the testing device can be used to obtain the displacement of the inner ring of the bearing, arrange strain gauges near the raceway, obtain the radial stiffness and contact angle stiffness of the bearing, and the contact strain distribution caused by the rolling elements; the means is to install a radial displacement sensor on the inner ring of the bearing and connect it to an external computer by setting up a collection device.

[0028] The angular contact ball bearing rolling element unit test device of the present invention is combined with a loading device and a boundary load constraint device to realize displacement extraction and strain extraction of the inner ring of the rolling bearing. By performing simulation analysis on the angular contact ball bearing in finite element, the single body load is studied and compared with the theoretical model, and the effectiveness of the rolling bearing rolling element unit load is further verified.

[0029] The beneficial effects of adopting the test device of the present invention are:

[0030] (1) A test device for a rolling element load-bearing unit is invented, which can test multiple load-bearing rolling element units and can be used to study the mechanical properties of multiple rolling elements when they are loaded.

[0031] (2) It has an axial clearance adjustment device and a rolling element deflection device. The axial clearance is adjusted by adjusting the displacement of the axial clearance adjustment device, thereby adjusting the contact angle between the rolling element and the raceway.

[0032] (3) It has a rolling body deflection device to promote the change of the angle between the rolling body and the inner and outer rings in the normal line direction. It can adjust the position angle between the rolling body and the load direction to achieve the adjustment of the position angle between the rolling body and the raceway, which is used to simulate the change of the position angle caused by the rotation of the rolling body.

[0033] (4) It has an outer ring clamping device, a rolling element clamping device, and an inner ring guiding device. The outer ring clamping device fully constrains the freedom of the outer ring of the bearing by clamping the detachable housing with a clamping plate and a baffle. The rolling element clamping device clamps the cage with a rectangular block to limit the freedom of the rolling element's revolution. The inner ring guiding device realizes axial and radial loading and circumferential constraint on the inner ring of the bearing through the guiding function of the guide block. The above devices are combined to further realize the boundary load constraint of the rolling bearing.

[0034] (5) It has radial and bending moment loading devices. The radial and bending moment loading devices realize the loading of radial force and bending moment on the rolling bearing by using two hydraulic cylinders in coordination. It further realizes the loading of the rolling bearing under complex working conditions.

[0035] (6) It has an angular contact ball bearing rolling element unit test device, which is combined with a loading device and a boundary load constraint device to realize the displacement extraction and strain extraction of the inner ring of the rolling bearing. Through the simulation analysis of the angular contact ball bearing in the finite element, the single body load is studied and compared with the theoretical model, and the effectiveness of the rolling bearing rolling element unit load is further verified. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 This is a front view of the overall bearing loading principle.

[0037] Figure 2 This is the overall bearing load distribution principle diagram.

[0038] Figure 3 This is the schematic diagram of the load distribution of the rolling element unit.

[0039] Figure 4 It is an axonometric diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Partial side view (test bench frame not assembled).

[0041] Figure 6 This is the axonometric view of the axial clearance adjustment device.

[0042] Figure 7 This is the functional diagram of the axial clearance adjustment device.

[0043] Figure 8 This is the schematic diagram of the axial clearance adjustment device.

[0044] Fig. 9 This is the structural diagram of the rolling element deflection and clamping device.

[0045] Fig.10 Functional diagram of rolling element deflection and clamping device.

[0046] Fig.11 This is the structural diagram of the outer ring clamping device.

[0047] Fig.12 for Fig.11 Local structure diagram of .

[0048] Fig.13 This is the structural diagram of the inner ring guide device.

[0049] Fig.14 This is the structural diagram of the radial and bending moment loading device.

[0050] Fig.15 This is the schematic diagram of the radial and moment loading device.

[0051] Fig.16 This is the axonometric view of the test bench.

[0052] Fig.17 This is the wiring diagram of the rolling element unit load test device for rolling bearings.

[0053] Fig.18 Test principle diagram of rolling element unit load test device for rolling bearings.

[0054] Fig.19 This is the strain gauge arrangement diagram.

[0055] Fig. 20 This is the schematic diagram of the strain gauge arrangement.

[0056] In the figure: 1 is the outer ring clamping device; 2 is the rolling element deflection and clamping device; 3 is the inner ring guide device; 4 is the radial and bending moment loading device; 5 is the axial clearance adjustment device; 6 is the tested bearing; 7 is the test bench frame; 11 is the first knob; 12 is the first slider; 13 is the fixed block; 14 is the micrometer; 15 is the fixed bolt; 16 is the mounting plate; 21 is the rectangular block clamping baffle; 22 is the first hexagonal bolt; 23 is the pushing hexagonal bolt; 24 is the cage deflection pointer; 25 is the cage; 30 is the fixed clamp body; 301 31 is a nut; 32 is a positioning hole for fixing the clamp body; 33 is a second knob; 34 is a clamping plate; 35 is a hexagon socket bolt; 36 is a reinforcing rib baffle; 37 is a nut; 38 is a cotter pin; 39 is a screw rod; 40 is a detachable housing; 41 is a guide block; 42 is a second hexagon socket bolt; 43 is an elastic washer; 44 is a hexagon nut; 51 is a self-aligning floating interface; 52 is a hydraulic cylinder; 53 is a hydraulic cylinder mounting plate; 54 is a flat-head hexagon socket bolt; 55 is a level washer; 56 is a second slider; 57 is a guide rail; 71 is a clamping plate fixing hole; 72 is a reinforcing rib mounting baffle connecting surface; 73 is a bottom guide rail fixing hole; 74 is an axial play adjustment device fixing hole; 75 is an inner ring guide device connecting surface; 81 is a radial displacement sensor; 82 is a collection device; 83 is a computer; 86 is a strain gauge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0058] The variable contact state angular contact ball bearing rolling element load-bearing unit test device of the present invention is combined with the attached Figure 4 , 5 As shown, it mainly includes an axial clearance adjustment device 5, a rolling element deflection and clamping device 2, an outer ring clamping device 1, an inner ring guide device 3, a radial and bending moment loading device 4, a tested bearing 6 and a test bench frame 7;

[0059] Its specific structure is as follows:

[0060] Axial clearance adjustment device;

[0061] like Figure 6-8As shown, the axial clearance adjustment device comprises: a first knob 11, a first slider 12, a fixed block 13, a micrometer 14, a fixing bolt 15 and a mounting plate 16; the first slider 12 is provided with a fixing block 13, one end of the first slider 12 is provided with a first knob 11, and the end of the slider 12 opposite to the first knob 11 is installed with a micrometer 14, the axial clearance adjustment device is fixed to the mounting plate 16 by the fixing bolt 15, and the mounting plate 16 is installed on the double-bar frame of the test bench frame 7 by bolts, so as to realize the installation of the axial clearance adjustment device; when in use, by rotating the first knob 11, the first slider 12 can be displaced on the fixed slideway, thereby driving the first slider 12 to move along the axial direction, and then pushing the inner ring of the bearing to move the inner ring, and the movement amount is manually measured by the micrometer 14, so as to realize the axial displacement of the bearing δ Precise control of

[0062] In the no-load state, the bearing will have axial clearance and radial clearance. After the axial clearance is eliminated, the ball and raceway will come into contact and form an inclination angle on the radial plane, thus generating a contact angle that is not equal to 0°. α 0 Angular contact ball bearings are specially designed to bear thrust loads. The initial contact angle of the bearing is determined by the clearance when there is no load and the curvature of the raceway groove. Figure 8 It shows the geometric relationship of the bearing after eliminating the axial clearance. It can be seen that the distance between the curvature centers O' and O'' of the inner and outer grooves is A = r 0+ r i - D ,in D is the diameter of the ball, substitute r=fD have to: A= ( f 0 +f i - 1) D， In the formula B= ( f 0 + f i - 1) is the total curvature of the bearing. It can also be seen from the figure that the initial contact angle is the angle between the line connecting the contact points of the ball and the inner and outer raceways and the radial plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the bearing. The size of the initial contact angle can be determined by the following formula: cosα 0 =( A / 2- P d / 4) / ( A / 2) or α 0 = cos-1 (1- P d / 2 A ). If the bearing is assembled with an interference fit, the diameter of the ring must be changed to reduce the radial clearance so that the initial contact angle can be obtained. α 0 = cos -1 (1-( P d +∆ P d ) / 2 A ), due to the presence of radial clearance, the radial bearing can float freely in the axial direction under no load. The initial axial clearance is defined as the maximum axial movement of the inner ring relative to the outer ring under zero load. From the figure: P e =2 Asinα 0 The relationship between the axial clearance and the contact angle can be found through the above formula, and the axial clearance can be adjusted by combining the axial clearance adjustment device.

[0063] Rolling element deflection and clamping device;

[0064] like Figure 9-10 As shown, the rolling body deflection and clamping device comprises: a rectangular block clamping baffle 21, a first hexagonal bolt 22, and a pushing hexagonal bolt 23; the rectangular block clamping baffle 21 is located at the upper part of the retaining frame 25, and the retaining frame 25 is installed with a retaining frame deflection pointer 24; when in use, the retaining frame 25 is clamped by pushing the hexagonal bolt 23, and the pushing hexagonal bolt 23 is installed on the rectangular block clamping baffle 21, and the rectangular block clamping baffle 21 is fixed to the detachable box body 40 by the first hexagonal bolt 22, and the detachable box body 40 is fixed to the test bench frame body 7 by the clamping mechanism, so as to realize the constraint of the rolling body's revolution freedom; by tightening the pushing hexagonal nut 23 and then pushing the retaining frame 25, the retaining frame 25 drives the rolling body to deflect on the raceway, and the deflection position angle of the rolling body is obtained. θ y , realizing the deflection of the rolling element;

[0065] The setting of the rolling body deflection and clamping device promotes the change of the angle of the rolling body relative to the inner and outer rings in the normal direction, and can adjust the position angle of the rolling body and the load direction to achieve the adjustment of the position angle θy between the rolling body and the raceway, which is used to simulate the change of the position angle caused by the rotation of the rolling body; the rolling body clamping device realizes the limitation of the freedom of the rolling body's revolution by clamping the retaining frame through the rectangular block.

[0066] Outer ring clamping device;

[0067] like Figure 11-12As shown, the outer ring clamping device comprises: a vise assembly and a detachable box body 40 located below the vise assembly, the detachable box body is a cavity structure with clamping plates 34 respectively arranged on all sides and open and connected from top to bottom, and the bearing bearing unit is matched in the cavity; the vise assembly is arranged on the detachable box body 40, and the vise assembly comprises a fixed clamp body 30 and a movable clamp body 301; the movable clamp body 301 of the vise assembly is close to the clamping plate 34 on one side of the detachable box body 40; the fixed clamp body 30 is fixedly arranged, and the movable clamp body 301 is movably arranged on the fixed clamp body 30, and the fixed clamp body 30 is connected to another clamping plate on the opposite side of the clamping plate connected to the movable clamp body 301; the movable clamp body 301 drives the clamping plate to move closer to or away from the clamping plate in the direction of the fixed clamp body 30 to clamp the bearing; the two clamping plates are distributed at both ends of the bearing bearing unit and are used to clamp the two section surfaces at both ends of the outer ring of the bearing bearing unit;

[0068] Furthermore, a screw rod 39 is embedded inside the fixed clamp body 30, and a nut 31 is threadedly connected on the screw rod 39, and the nut 31 is fixedly connected to the movable clamp body 301. One end of the screw rod 39 is screwed into one end of the fixed clamp body 30 and a second knob 33 is set, and the other end of the screw rod 39 extends out of the fixed clamp body 30 and is fixed by a cotter pin 38; fixed clamp body positioning holes 32 are set at both ends of the fixed clamp body 30 for fixing to the test bench frame 7; when in use, the second knob 33 of the fixed clamp body 30 is rotated to realize the rotation of the screw rod 39, and the screw rod 39 drives the nut 31 matched therewith, and the upper part of the nut 31 is connected to the movable clamp body 301 through a pin shaft to realize the control of the distance of the clamping plate;

[0069] Furthermore, the other two opposite clamping plates of the detachable box body 40 are respectively in the same direction as the positioning holes 32 at both ends of the fixed clamp body 30; a reinforcing rib baffle 36 is also provided at one end of one of the clamping plates, and the reinforcing rib baffle 36 is fixed to the detachable box body 40 by bolts 35;

[0070] During installation, first fix the fixed clamp body 30 on the test bench frame 7 by means of bolts passing through the positioning holes 32, and move the clamping plate of the detachable box body 40 with the movable clamp body 301 to the opposite side for clamping, thereby limiting the freedom of the outer ring of the bearing in the Y direction; clamp the detachable box body 40 through the hexagon socket bolts 35 and the reinforcing rib baffle 36, thereby limiting the freedom of the outer ring of the bearing in the X and Z directions; thereby completely constraining the freedom of the outer ring of the bearing.

[0071] Inner ring guide;

[0072] like Fig.13As shown, the inner ring guide device comprises: a guide block 41 and a second hexagonal bolt 42, an elastic washer 43 and a corresponding hexagonal nut 44; the guide block 41 is a two-stage stepped platform structure with a top groove, the top groove is used to embed the inner ring, and two hexagonal bolts 42 are respectively arranged on the surface of the bottom stepped platform, and the inner ring guide device is fixed to the test bench frame 7 by the two second hexagonal bolts 42, and a rectangular hole for loading by the bending moment loading device is provided in the top groove of the guide block 41; the second hexagonal bolt 42 contacts the guide block 41 through the setting of the elastic washer 43, which can play a role of buffering and shock absorption;

[0073] The inner ring guide device mentioned above realizes axial and radial loading and circumferential constraint on the inner ring of the bearing through the guiding function of the guide block 41, δry=0, θrx=0, θrz=0.

[0074] Radial and moment loading devices;

[0075] like Figure 14-15 As shown, the radial and bending moment loading device comprises: two hydraulic cylinders 52, a hydraulic cylinder mounting plate 53, a flat head hexagonal bolt 54, a level washer 55, a second slider 56, a guide rail 57, and a self-aligning floating interface 51; the hydraulic cylinder 52 is mounted on the hydraulic cylinder mounting plate 53 by bolts, the hydraulic cylinder 52 is connected to the second slider 56 by a flat head hexagonal bolt 54 and a level washer 55, the second slider 56 is mounted on the guide rail 57, and the guide rail 57 is mounted on the test bench frame 7 by bolts to realize the connection between the guide rail 57 and the test bench frame 7; a self-aligning floating interface 51 is arranged on the top of the hydraulic cylinder 52;

[0076] When the forces applied by the two hydraulic cylinders 52 are equal, only radial load is applied. When the forces of the two hydraulic cylinders 52 are different, the difference between the larger force and the smaller force and the center span distance of the two hydraulic cylinders 52 are the bending moment. By adjusting the center distance of the two hydraulic cylinders 52, the span can be controlled, and then the bending moment can be controlled. The simulation of the tested bearing under various complex working conditions is realized.

[0077] The radial and bending moment loading device of the present invention realizes the loading of radial force and bending moment on the rolling bearing by using two hydraulic cylinders 52 in coordination, and further realizes the loading of the rolling bearing under complex working conditions.

[0078] like Fig.16As shown, the test bench frame includes a clamping plate fixing hole 71, a reinforcing rib mounting baffle connecting surface 72, a bottom guide rail fixing hole 73, an axial clearance adjustment device fixing hole 74 and an inner ring guide device connecting surface 75; the clamping plate fixing hole 71 is connected to the clamp body 30 by bolts to fix it to the test bench frame 7; the reinforcing rib mounting baffle connecting surface 72 is connected to the reinforcing rib mounting baffle 36 by bolts to fix it to the test bench frame 7; the bottom guide rail fixing hole 73 is connected to the guide rail 57 by bolts to fix it to the test bench frame 7; the axial clearance adjustment device fixing hole 74 is connected to the mounting plate 16 by bolts to fix it to the test bench frame 7; the inner ring guide device connecting surface 75 is connected to the test bench frame 7 by bolts to fix it to the test bench frame 7.

[0079] like Figure 17-20 As shown, the test device adopts a test device to obtain the displacement of the inner ring of the bearing, arranges strain gauges 86 near the raceway, obtains the radial stiffness and contact angle stiffness of the bearing, and the contact strain distribution caused by the rolling element; its means is to install a radial displacement sensor 81 on the inner ring of the bearing, and connect it to an external computer 83 by setting a collection device 82.

[0080] The applied radial loads are Fr1 and Fr2, and the radial deformations of the bearing inner ring are measured to be δ1 and δ2 respectively. The total radial deformation δz=(δ1+δ2) / 2, and the radial stiffness of the bearing inner ring is Kr=(Fr1+Fr2) / δz. When Fr1 and Fr2 are not equal, the deflection angle θ=(δ2-δ1) / d of the bearing inner ring. The contact angle stiffness Sr=M / θ of the bearing inner ring and the strain ε=ε1+ε2+ε3 of the bearing are obtained by the torque M and the deflection angle θ. Through the cooperation of various parts, simulation experiments under various complex working conditions can be completed.

Claims

1. A test device for angular contact ball bearing rolling element load-bearing unit with variable contact state, characterized in that: include: A test bench frame, on which an outer ring clamping device, a rolling body deflection and clamping device, an inner ring guide device, an axial clearance adjustment device, a radial and bending moment loading device and a bearing to be tested are integrated; the test bench frame comprises: a rectangular frame at the bottom and a double-bar frame located at the upper part of the rectangular frame, in which an outer ring clamping device, a rolling body deflection and clamping device, an inner ring guide device and an axial clearance adjustment device are sequentially arranged; the bearing to be tested is placed between the outer ring clamping device and the inner ring guide device, and the axial clearance adjustment device is located on one side of the bearing to be tested; a radial and bending moment loading device is arranged in the rectangular frame located at the lower part of the inner ring guide device, and a through hole for the radial and bending moment loading device to pass through is arranged in the inner ring guide device, the telescopic end of the radial and bending moment loading device contacts the inner ring of the bearing to be tested, and the end of the radial and bending moment loading device is slidably installed on the bottom beam of the rectangular frame; The axial clearance adjustment device comprises: a first knob, a first slider, a fixed block, a micrometer, a fixing bolt and a mounting plate; a fixing block is provided inside the first slider, a first knob is provided at one end of the first slider, a micrometer is installed at one end of the first slider opposite to the first knob, the axial clearance adjustment device is fixed to the mounting plate by fixing bolts, and the mounting plate is installed on the double-bar frame of the test bench frame by bolts, thereby realizing the installation of the axial clearance adjustment device; The rolling body deflection and clamping device comprises: a rectangular block clamping baffle, a first hexagonal bolt, and a pushing hexagonal bolt; the rectangular block clamping baffle is located on the upper part of the retaining frame, and the retaining frame is installed with a retaining frame deflection pointer; when in use, the retaining frame is clamped by pushing the hexagonal bolt, and the pushing hexagonal bolt is installed on the rectangular block clamping baffle, and the rectangular block clamping baffle is fixed to the detachable box body by the first hexagonal bolt, and the detachable box body is fixed to the test bench frame body by the clamping mechanism to realize the constraint of the rolling body's revolution freedom; by tightening the pushing hexagonal nut and then pushing the retaining frame, the retaining frame drives the rolling body to deflect on the raceway, and the deflection position angle of the rolling body is obtained. θ y , realizing the deflection of the rolling element; The outer ring clamping device comprises: a vise assembly and a detachable box located below the vise assembly, the detachable box is a cavity structure with clamping plates arranged on all sides and open and connected at the top and bottom, and the bearing bearing unit is matched in the cavity; the vise assembly is arranged on the detachable box, and the vise assembly comprises a fixed clamp body and a movable clamp body; the movable clamp body of the vise assembly is close to the clamping plate on one side of the detachable box; the fixed clamp body is fixedly arranged, and the movable clamp body is movably arranged on the fixed clamp body, and the fixed clamp body is connected to another clamping plate on the opposite side of the clamping plate connected to the movable clamp body; the movable clamp body drives the clamping plate to move closer to or away from the clamping plate in the direction of the fixed clamp body to clamp the bearing; the two clamping plates are distributed at both ends of the bearing bearing unit and are used to clamp the two split surfaces at both ends of the outer ring of the bearing bearing unit; A screw rod is embedded in the fixed clamp body, and a nut is connected with a thread on the screw rod. The nut is fixedly connected to the movable clamp body. One end of the screw rod is screwed into one end of the fixed clamp body and a second knob is set. The other end of the screw rod extends out of the fixed clamp body and is fixed by a cotter pin. Fixed clamp body positioning holes are set at both ends of the fixed clamp body for fixing to the test bench frame. When in use, the screw rod is rotated by turning the second knob of the fixed clamp body, and the screw rod drives the nut matched therewith. The upper part of the nut is connected to the movable clamp body through a pin shaft to realize the control of the distance of the clamping plate. The other two opposite clamping plates of the detachable box are respectively in the same direction as the fixed clamp body positioning holes at both ends of the fixed clamp body; a reinforcing rib baffle is also provided at one end of one of the clamping plates, and the reinforcing rib baffle is fixed to the detachable box by bolts; During installation, first fix the fixed clamp body on the test bench frame by bolts passing through the fixing holes, and drive the clamping plate of the detachable box body to move to the opposite side for clamping by the movable clamp body, so as to limit the freedom of the bearing outer ring in the Y direction; clamp the detachable box body through the hexagon socket bolts and the reinforcing rib baffle plate, so as to limit the freedom of the bearing outer ring in the X and Z directions; thereby, complete constraint of the freedom of the bearing outer ring is achieved.

2. The variable contact state angular contact ball bearing rolling element load-bearing unit testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rectangular frame and the double-bar frame of the test bench frame are both welded by square tubes.

3. The variable contact state angular contact ball bearing rolling element load-bearing unit testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner ring guide device comprises: a guide block and a second hexagonal bolt, an elastic washer and a corresponding hexagonal nut; the guide block is a two-level stepped platform structure with a top groove, the top groove is used to embed the inner ring, and two second hexagonal bolts are respectively arranged on the surface of the bottom stepped platform, and the inner ring guide device is fixed to the test bench frame by the two second hexagonal bolts, and a rectangular through hole for loading the bending moment loading device is provided in the top groove of the guide block.

4. The variable contact state angular contact ball bearing rolling element load-bearing unit testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radial and bending moment loading device comprises: two hydraulic cylinders, a hydraulic cylinder mounting plate, a flat-head hexagonal bolt, a level washer, a second slider, a guide rail, and a self-aligning floating interface; the hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the hydraulic cylinder mounting plate by bolts, the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the second slider by a flat-head hexagonal bolt and a level washer, the second slider is mounted on the guide rail, and the guide rail is mounted on the test bench frame by bolts to achieve the connection between the guide rail and the test bench frame; a self-aligning floating interface is arranged on the top of the hydraulic cylinder.

5. The variable contact state angular contact ball bearing rolling element load-bearing unit testing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The self-aligning floating interface contains a spherical top block.

6. The variable contact state angular contact ball bearing rolling element load-bearing unit testing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The test bench frame includes a clamping plate fixing hole, a reinforcing rib mounting baffle connecting surface, a bottom guide rail fixing hole, an axial clearance adjustment device fixing hole and an inner ring guide device connecting surface; the clamping plate fixing hole is connected to the fixing clamp body of the clamping plate by bolts so as to be fixed to the test bench frame; the reinforcing rib mounting baffle connecting surface is connected to the reinforcing rib mounting baffle by bolts so as to be fixed to the test bench frame; the bottom guide rail fixing hole is connected to the guide rail by bolts so as to be fixed to the test bench frame; the axial clearance adjustment device fixing hole is connected to the mounting plate by bolts so as to be fixed to the test bench frame; the inner ring guide device connecting surface is connected to the test bench frame by bolts so as to be fixed to the test bench frame.

7. The variable contact state angular contact ball bearing rolling element load-bearing unit testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A radial displacement sensor is installed on the inner ring of the bearing, and a data acquisition device is set up to connect it to an external computer.

Images