Circuit breaker operating mechanism spring fault diagnosis method, system and device based on high-speed photography technology
Through the high -speed photography technology, the springs of the circuit breaker operation mechanism are photographed and image processing, the extraction feature value is diagnosed, and the inconvenience of power outages, more interference, and sensitivity of the existing technology interruption mechanism of the spring mechanical feature signal is solved. The problem has achieved efficient and accurate failure diagnosis.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411499011.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-28
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, in the collection of spring mechanical characteristics signals of circuit breaker operating mechanisms, there are problems such as inconvenient power outage, many interferences and insufficient sensitivity, making it difficult to achieve accurate fault diagnosis.
Use high -speed photography technology to shoot the spring in the circuit breaker operation mechanism. Through fluorescent marks and high -resolution image processing, the springs of the axial high characteristic value, radial offset feature value, axial average velocity feature value and diameter Diagnostic diagnosis to the acceleration feature value.
In the case of non -stop power and non -invasion, accurate collection and failure diagnosis of the spring mechanical characteristics of the circuit breaker operation mechanism, which improves the accuracy and convenience of fault detection.
Smart Images
Figure CN119380094A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to a circuit breaker operating mechanism spring fault diagnosis method, system and device based on high-speed photography technology, belonging to the technical field of spring fault detection. Background Art
[0002] Circuit breakers shoulder the important tasks of control and protection in the power system. They are used to open and close circuits in the power grid, such as switching capacitors, cutting off fault currents, and transferring line loads. With the continuous growth of the capacity of the power system, the number of circuit breakers is also increasing, and their working reliability has become more important for ensuring the safe operation of the power grid. The circuit breaker mainly includes an arc extinguishing chamber and an operating mechanism. The discharge fault in the arc extinguishing chamber and the mechanical failure of the operating mechanism are the main fault forms of the circuit breaker. Strengthening the diagnosis research of latent faults in the mechanical system of circuit breakers and discovering latent faults in advance are of great significance to improving the reliability of circuit breakers in operation and enhancing the stability, safety and economy of the power system.
[0003] Springs are common components of medium and high voltage circuit breaker operating mechanisms, and spring failure is one of the important reasons for the failure of spring operating mechanisms. Latent faults caused by spring failures usually need to go through a gradual development process before they eventually develop into equipment failures. These faults include but are not limited to spring stress relaxation, excessive stress, bending deformation, jamming, and vibration. Therefore, it is of great significance to diagnose the latent faults in the latent stage and detect them in time to reduce the failure rate of circuit breakers.
[0004] At present, the acquisition of mechanical characteristic signals of the circuit breaker operating mechanism spring is mainly carried out with the help of sensors, which can convert electrical signals, other physical quantities or chemical quantities into electrical signals suitable for processing by data acquisition devices. However, the sensor measurement method has many limitations, such as inconvenience of power outage (power outage may be required for fault detection, affecting the normal operation of the power system), more interference (electromagnetic interference, mechanical vibration interference, etc. may affect the measurement accuracy), insufficient sensitivity (some minor changes in mechanical characteristics may not be accurately captured) and other shortcomings.
[0005] In view of the above problems, a new technical method is needed to achieve accurate acquisition and fault diagnosis of the mechanical characteristics of the circuit breaker operating mechanism spring. High-speed photography technology has become a potential solution due to its non-invasive, high-resolution and low-noise characteristics. The acquisition of the mechanical characteristics of the circuit breaker spring using high-speed photography technology can be carried out without power outage and non-invasively, avoiding many limitations brought by sensor measurement methods. However, there is still a lack of a systematic method for applying high-speed photography technology to the acquisition of mechanical characteristics of circuit breaker springs. Summary of the invention
[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method, system and device for diagnosing spring faults of circuit breaker operating mechanism based on high-speed photography technology, so as to realize accurate collection of spring mechanical characteristics and effective diagnosis of faults.
[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A circuit breaker operating mechanism spring fault diagnosis method based on high-speed photography technology, comprising: Take n points on the spring and mark them with fluorescence in turn. Use a high-resolution high-speed camera to continuously shoot the spring to be tested in the circuit breaker operating mechanism, and obtain multiple frames of images from the stable state before the spring moves to after the movement.
[0008] The captured image is grayed and binarized, the target area is intercepted, and small connected areas are excluded to obtain an image that can clearly identify the fluorescent marker.
[0009] The axial height eigenvalue, radial offset eigenvalue, axial average velocity eigenvalue and radial acceleration eigenvalue of the spring are extracted from the processed image.
[0010] The extracted characteristic values are compared with the range under normal conditions, and it is determined whether the spring is faulty based on the comparison results.
[0011] Preferably, the sampling rate of the high-speed camera is set to 3600 Hz, the exposure time is set to 270 μs, and an LED light source array is used to supplement the light for the part of the test device to be photographed.
[0012] Preferably, the captured image is grayed and binarized, the target area is intercepted, and the small connected area is excluded to obtain an image that can clearly identify the fluorescent marker. The specific method is as follows: The weighted average of the three components R, B, and G of each pixel in the image is used to obtain the grayscale of the pixel; The grayscale image is binarized, and the grayscale value of each pixel is compared with the threshold. The pixel points greater than the threshold are assigned a value of 255, and the pixel points less than the threshold are assigned a value of 0, thus obtaining a black and white image. Find the first and last fluorescent marking points in the black-and-white image, and capture the image area between the two marking points; In the captured image, a small white area is determined, and the pixel points in this part of the area are assigned a value of 0, and the small connected area is excluded to obtain a processed image containing only fluorescent markers.
[0013] Preferably, the spring axial height characteristic value It is obtained by taking the average height of the marked points in the image after the spring stabilizes. The formula is as follows: , in, Indicates The height of the marking points; Preferably, the spring radial offset characteristic value The average value of the offset between the marker point and the origin in the motion process image is calculated frame by frame. The formula is as follows: , in, Indicates Frame image offset, No. Frame No. Radial displacement of the marking points; Preferably, the spring axial average velocity characteristic value is It is obtained by calculating the ratio of the difference between the axial height characteristic values before and after the spring movement and the spring movement time. The formula is as follows: , in, Indicates the spring movement time; Preferably, the spring radial acceleration characteristic value Take the maximum radial acceleration of the first marker point of all frames. The formula is as follows: , , in, Indicates Frame spring radial acceleration eigenvalue, The radial velocity of the first marker point in the i-th frame, represents the speed change time, No. The radial displacement of the first marker point in the frame.
[0014] Preferably, the extracted characteristic value is compared with the range under normal conditions, and whether the spring is faulty is determined according to the comparison result, and the specific method is as follows: The extracted spring axial height eigenvalue, spring radial offset eigenvalue, spring axial average velocity eigenvalue and spring radial acceleration eigenvalue are compared with the spring set threshold; if the obtained spring axial height eigenvalue is too large and the axial average velocity eigenvalue is too small, the tested spring is judged to have excessive stress; if the obtained spring axial height eigenvalue is too small and the axial average velocity eigenvalue is too large, the tested spring is judged to have stress relaxation; if the obtained spring radial offset eigenvalue is too large, the tested spring is judged to have bending deformation; if the obtained spring axial average velocity eigenvalue is too small but the spring axial height eigenvalue is normal, the tested spring is judged to be stuck; if the obtained spring radial acceleration is too large, the tested spring is judged to be vibrating.
[0015] A circuit breaker operating mechanism spring fault diagnosis system based on high-speed photography technology, comprising: High-speed photography acquisition unit: It is configured to take n points on the spring, mark them with fluorescence in sequence, and use a high-resolution high-speed camera to continuously shoot the spring to be tested in the circuit breaker operating mechanism, and obtain multiple frames of images from the stable state before the spring moves to after the movement.
[0016] Characteristic image processing unit: configured to grayscale and binarize the captured image, intercept the target area, and exclude small connected areas to obtain an image that can clearly identify the fluorescent marker; A characteristic signal extraction unit: configured to extract an axial height characteristic value, a radial offset characteristic value, an axial average velocity characteristic value, and a radial acceleration characteristic value of the spring from the processed image; The latent fault diagnosis unit is configured to compare the extracted characteristic value with the range under normal conditions, and determine whether the spring has a fault based on the comparison result.
[0017] A circuit breaker operating mechanism spring fault diagnosis device based on high-speed photography technology comprises a processor and a memory storing program instructions, wherein the processor is configured to execute the circuit breaker operating mechanism spring fault diagnosis method based on high-speed photography technology when running the program instructions.
[0018] The advantages of the present invention are: The present invention provides a non-invasive detection method. A high-speed camera is used to photograph the spring without powering off the device or installing additional sensors, making the use more convenient.
[0019] The images taken by high-speed cameras have high resolution, and combined with computer image recognition technology, they can achieve efficient image processing and precise calculation, which is beneficial to improving the accuracy of fault detection.
[0020] The present invention provides a variety of eigenvalue extraction methods based on high-speed photography images, including but not limited to spring axial height eigenvalues, radial offset eigenvalues, axial average velocity eigenvalues and radial acceleration eigenvalues. Comprehensive analysis of these eigenvalues can achieve comprehensive diagnosis and accurate identification of spring faults.
[0021] The invention has good versatility, is applicable to different types of circuit breaker operating mechanism springs, is easy to promote and apply in power systems, and is of great significance to improving the stability and safety of the entire power system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.
[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0025] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, a circuit breaker operating mechanism spring fault diagnosis method based on high-speed photography technology includes: S1: Take n points on the spring and mark them with fluorescence in turn. Use a high-resolution high-speed camera to continuously shoot the spring to be tested in the circuit breaker operating mechanism, and obtain multiple frames of images from the stable state before the spring moves to after the movement.
[0026] S2: grayscale and binarize the captured image, intercept the target area, and exclude small connected areas to obtain an image that can clearly identify the fluorescent marker.
[0027] S3: Extract the axial height eigenvalue, radial offset eigenvalue, axial average velocity eigenvalue and radial acceleration eigenvalue of the spring from the processed image.
[0028] S4: Compare the extracted characteristic value with the range under normal conditions, and determine whether the spring is faulty based on the comparison result.
[0029] As a refinement of the above embodiment, a high-resolution high-speed camera is used, the sampling rate of the high-speed camera is 3600Hz, and the exposure time is set to 270μs. The camera exposure time is very short. At this time, ordinary indoor light sources cannot provide sufficient brightness. An LED light source array is used to supplement the light of the part to be photographed in the test device. After marking the spring to be analyzed with n points of fluorescence from top to bottom, the high-speed camera is used to continuously shoot its movement process, from the spring before the action to the stable state after the action, and a total of N frames are shot, of which the first frame is the stable state before the action of the spring, and the Nth frame is the stable state after the action of the spring is completed. As a refinement of the above embodiment, the captured image is grayed and binarized, the target area is intercepted, and the small connected area is excluded to obtain an image that can clearly identify the fluorescent marker. The specific method is as follows: The weighted average of the three components R, B, and G of each pixel in the image is used to obtain the grayscale of the pixel; The grayscale image is binarized, and the grayscale value of each pixel is compared with the threshold. The pixel points with a value greater than the threshold are assigned a value of 255, and the pixel points with a value less than the threshold are assigned a value of 0, so as to obtain a black and white image. After the binarization process, the captured image becomes a black and white image, where the fluorescent marker is white, the rest is mostly black, and some points with higher brightness are white. Find the first and last fluorescent marking points in the black-and-white image, and capture the image area between the two marking points; In the captured image, a small white area is determined, and the pixel points in this part of the area are assigned a value of 0, and the small connected area is excluded to obtain a processed image containing only fluorescent markers.
[0030] As a refinement of the above embodiment, the spring axial height characteristic value It is obtained by taking the average height of the marked points in the image after the spring stabilizes. The formula is as follows: , in, Indicates The height of the marking points; As a refinement of the above embodiment, the spring radial offset characteristic value The horizontal position of the spring axis is taken as the origin O, and the offset of the marked point from the origin in the motion process image is calculated frame by frame. The average offset of all marked points in each frame image is calculated as the offset of the frame image. The formula is as follows: , in, Indicates Frame image offset, No. Frame No. Radial displacement of the marking points; As a refinement of the above embodiment, the spring axial average velocity characteristic value is It is obtained by calculating the ratio of the difference between the axial height characteristic values before and after the spring movement and the spring movement time. The formula is as follows: , in, Indicates the spring movement time; As a refinement of the above embodiment, the spring radial acceleration characteristic value Take the maximum radial acceleration of the first marker point of all frames. The formula is as follows: , , in, Indicates Frame spring radial acceleration eigenvalue, The radial velocity of the first marker point in the i-th frame, represents the speed change time, No. The radial displacement of the first marker point in the frame.
[0031] Specifically, Take 1~N, =0, = 270 μs, .
[0032] As a refinement of the above embodiment, the extracted characteristic value is compared with the range under normal conditions, and whether the spring is faulty is determined according to the comparison result, and the specific method is as follows: The extracted spring axial height eigenvalue, spring radial offset eigenvalue, spring axial average velocity eigenvalue and spring radial acceleration eigenvalue are compared with the spring set threshold; if the obtained spring axial height eigenvalue is too large and the axial average velocity eigenvalue is too small, the tested spring is judged to have excessive stress; if the obtained spring axial height eigenvalue is too small and the axial average velocity eigenvalue is too large, the tested spring is judged to have stress relaxation; if the obtained spring radial offset eigenvalue is too large, the tested spring is judged to have bending deformation; if the obtained spring axial average velocity eigenvalue is too small but the spring axial height eigenvalue is normal, the tested spring is judged to be stuck; if the obtained spring radial acceleration is too large, the tested spring is judged to be vibrating.
[0033] Example 2 A method for diagnosing spring faults of circuit breaker operating mechanisms based on high-speed photography technology is as follows: Place a high-speed camera on one side of a spring to be tested in a circuit breaker operating mechanism, arrange the LED light source, and adjust the high-speed camera's aperture, focal length, exposure and other parameters to clearly photograph the spring. When the spring to be tested is not compressed to store energy, spray fluorescent paint on four points for marking. Control the circuit breaker operating mechanism to apply an external force F to the spring to be tested to store energy. Photograph the spring during the compression and energy storage process.
[0034] The captured images were processed by characteristic image processing, and after image grayscale processing, binarization processing, target area interception, and exclusion of small connected areas by computer, an image capable of identifying four-point fluorescent markers was obtained.
[0035] The spring length characteristic value is extracted, and the spring axial height characteristic value, spring radial offset characteristic value, spring axial average velocity characteristic value, and spring radial acceleration characteristic value are extracted based on the processed fluorescent marker information.
[0036] The above-mentioned extracted characteristic values are compared with the corresponding characteristic value range when the spring is subjected to external force F under normal conditions, and it is determined whether the extracted characteristic values are too small, normal or too large, and Table 1 is consulted to obtain the state of the tested spring.
[0037] Table 1 Correspondence between spring state diagnosis and characteristic value The disclosed embodiment also provides a circuit breaker operating mechanism spring fault diagnosis device based on high-speed photography technology, including a processor and a memory. Optionally, the device may also include a communication interface and a bus. The processor, the communication interface, and the memory may communicate with each other through the bus. The communication interface may be used for information transmission. The processor may call the logic instructions in the memory to execute the circuit breaker operating mechanism spring fault diagnosis method based on high-speed photography technology of the above embodiment.
[0038] In addition, the logic instructions in the above-mentioned memory can be implemented in the form of software functional units and can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium when sold or used as an independent product.
[0039] The memory, as a computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store software programs and computer executable programs, such as program instructions / modules corresponding to the method in the embodiment of the present disclosure. The processor executes the function application and data processing by running the program instructions / modules stored in the memory, that is, the circuit breaker operating mechanism spring fault diagnosis method based on high-speed photography technology in the above embodiment is implemented.
[0040] The memory may include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store an operating system and an application required for at least one function; the data storage area may store data created according to the use of the terminal device, etc. In addition, the memory may include a high-speed random access memory and may also include a non-volatile memory.
[0041] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A circuit breaker operating mechanism spring fault diagnosis method based on high-speed photography technology, characterized in that: include: Take n points on the spring and mark them with fluorescence in sequence. Use a high-resolution high-speed camera to continuously shoot the spring to be tested in the circuit breaker operating mechanism, and obtain multiple frames of images from the stable state before the spring moves to after the spring moves. The captured image is grayed and binarized, the target area is intercepted, and small connected areas are excluded to obtain an image that can clearly identify the fluorescent marker; Extracting the axial height eigenvalue, radial displacement eigenvalue, axial average velocity eigenvalue and radial acceleration eigenvalue of the spring from the processed image; The extracted characteristic values are compared with the range under normal conditions, and it is determined whether the spring is faulty based on the comparison results.
2. The circuit breaker operating mechanism spring fault diagnosis method based on high-speed photography technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sampling rate of the high-speed camera was set to 3600 Hz, the exposure time was set to 270 μs, and an LED light source array was used to fill in the light for the part of the experimental device to be photographed.
3. The circuit breaker operating mechanism spring fault diagnosis method based on high-speed photography technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The captured image is grayed and binarized, the target area is intercepted, and small connected areas are excluded to obtain an image that can clearly identify the fluorescent marker. The specific method is as follows: The weighted average of the three components R, B, and G of each pixel in the image is used to obtain the grayscale of the pixel; The grayscale image is binarized, and the grayscale value of each pixel is compared with the threshold. The pixel points greater than the threshold are assigned a value of 255, and the pixel points less than the threshold are assigned a value of 0, thus obtaining a black and white image. Find the first and last fluorescent marking points in the black-and-white image, and capture the image area between the two marking points; In the captured image, a small white area is determined, and the pixel points in this part of the area are assigned a value of 0, and the small connected area is excluded to obtain a processed image containing only fluorescent markers.
4. The circuit breaker operating mechanism spring fault diagnosis method based on high-speed photography technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Characteristic value of spring axial height It is obtained by taking the average height of the marked points in the image after the spring stabilizes. The formula is as follows: ， in, Indicates The height of the marking point.
5. The circuit breaker operating mechanism spring fault diagnosis method based on high-speed photography technology according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Spring radial deflection characteristic value The average value of the offset between the marker point and the origin in the motion process image is calculated frame by frame. The formula is as follows: ， in, Indicates Frame image offset, No. Frame No. The radial displacement of the marking points.
6. The circuit breaker operating mechanism spring fault diagnosis method based on high-speed photography technology according to claim 5 is characterized in that: Spring axial average velocity characteristic value It is obtained by calculating the ratio of the difference between the axial height characteristic values before and after the spring movement and the spring movement time. The formula is as follows: ， in, Indicates the spring movement time.
7. The circuit breaker operating mechanism spring fault diagnosis method based on high-speed photography technology according to claim 6 is characterized in that: Spring radial acceleration characteristic value Take the maximum radial acceleration of the first marker point of all frames. The formula is as follows: ， ， in, Indicates Frame spring radial acceleration eigenvalue, The radial velocity of the first marker point in the i-th frame, represents the speed change time, No. The radial displacement of the first marker point in the frame.
8. The circuit breaker operating mechanism spring fault diagnosis method based on high-speed photography technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Compare the extracted eigenvalues with the normal range, and determine whether the spring is faulty based on the comparison results. The specific method is as follows: The extracted spring axial height eigenvalue, spring radial offset eigenvalue, spring axial average velocity eigenvalue and spring radial acceleration eigenvalue are compared with the spring set threshold; if the obtained spring axial height eigenvalue is too large and the axial average velocity eigenvalue is too small, the tested spring is judged to have excessive stress; if the obtained spring axial height eigenvalue is too small and the axial average velocity eigenvalue is too large, the tested spring is judged to have stress relaxation; if the obtained spring radial offset eigenvalue is too large, the tested spring is judged to have bending deformation; if the obtained spring axial average velocity eigenvalue is too small but the spring axial height eigenvalue is normal, the tested spring is judged to be stuck; if the obtained spring radial acceleration is too large, the tested spring is judged to be vibrating.
9. A circuit breaker operating mechanism spring fault diagnosis system based on high-speed photography technology for executing any of the methods described in claims 1-8, characterized in that: include: High-speed photography acquisition unit: It is configured to take n points on the spring, mark them with fluorescence in sequence, and use a high-resolution high-speed camera to continuously shoot the spring to be tested in the circuit breaker operating mechanism, and obtain multiple frames of images from the stable state before the spring moves to after the spring moves; Characteristic image processing unit: configured to grayscale and binarize the captured image, intercept the target area, and exclude small connected areas to obtain an image that can clearly identify the fluorescent marker; A characteristic signal extraction unit: configured to extract an axial height characteristic value, a radial offset characteristic value, an axial average velocity characteristic value, and a radial acceleration characteristic value of the spring from the processed image; The latent fault diagnosis unit is configured to compare the extracted characteristic value with the range under normal conditions, and determine whether the spring has a fault based on the comparison result.
10. A circuit breaker operating mechanism spring fault diagnosis device based on high-speed photography technology, comprising a processor and a memory storing program instructions, characterized in that: The processor is configured to execute the circuit breaker operating mechanism spring fault diagnosis method based on high-speed photography technology as described in any one of claims 1-8 when running the program instructions.