Tobacco and waltheria indica intercropping method

Abstract

The invention provides an intercropping method of tobacco and waltheria indica. The intercropping method comprises the following steps that 1, before tobacco and waltheria indica are planted, soil is deeply ploughed, a composite agent is sprayed, and then base fertilizer is applied; the composite agent is prepared from the following raw materials: ammonium sulfate, tea tree oil, rhizobium and a peanut vine extract; (2) tobacco seedlings are selected and transplanted in February to March, waltheria indica is planted between rows, and after planting is conducted for 2-3 weeks, compound fertilizer is applied between the rows of the tobacco seedlings and the waltheria indica; (3) when rainstorm weather occurs, spraying a complex microbial inoculant within 24 hours after rainstorm, and (4) managing until harvesting tobacco and waltheria indica. By the adoption of the intercropping method, nematodes in soil are inhibited, the tobacco and the waltheria indica are effectively improved, symbiosis and growth of the tobacco and the waltheria indica are promoted, and the harvesting yield per mu of the tobacco and the waltheria indica is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of tobacco planting, in particular to an intercropping method of tobacco and snakewort. Background Art

[0002] Tobacco is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Solanaceae family. It is also a common cash crop that is widely planted and consumed. The main components of tobacco are nicotine and nicotine, which have the effect of invigorating nerves and raising blood pressure. In medicine, tobacco also has certain medicinal value, including the following medicinal value: (1) Analgesic effect: Nicotine in tobacco is a nerve stimulant that can relieve pain symptoms to a certain extent, such as headaches, toothaches, etc. 2. Treatment of respiratory diseases: Some components in tobacco can act as bronchodilators and can be used to treat respiratory diseases such as asthma. 3. Treatment of digestive system diseases: Components in tobacco can promote gastric juice secretion and help relieve digestive system problems such as excessive gastric acid. 4. Muscle relaxation: Nicotine can be used as a muscle relaxant to treat muscle spasms and other problems. Tobacco root knot nematode disease is one of the important diseases in tobacco cultivation in various countries around the world. It can occur in both the seedling stage and the field stage. The field incidence rate is generally 30%, and in severe cases it can reach 50% to 70%, seriously affecting the income of tobacco cultivation. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention proposes an intercropping method of tobacco and snakewort to solve the above problems.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved in this way:

[0005] A method for intercropping tobacco and snakewort comprises the following steps:

[0006] (1) Before planting tobacco and snakewort, the soil is deep-turned, a composite agent is sprayed, and then a base fertilizer is applied; the composite agent is prepared by the following raw materials: ammonium sulfate, tea tree oil, rhizobium, and peanut vine extract; the base fertilizer is prepared by fermenting a composite bacterial liquid composed of saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis, and thermotolerant Staphylococcus using civet feces, corn stalks, soybean meal, and banana stalks as matrix materials;

[0007] (2) Select tobacco seedlings, transplant them in February or March, plant snakewort between the rows, and apply compound fertilizer between the rows of tobacco and snakewort 2-3 weeks after planting;

[0008] (3) When heavy rain occurs, spray a composite bacterial agent within 24 hours after the heavy rain, wherein the composite bacterial agent is composed of Paenibacillus polymyxa, Acetobacter and Rhodococcus;

[0009] (4) Management until the harvesting of tobacco and snakehead.

[0010] Furthermore, in step (1), the composite agent is prepared by including the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 to 20 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1 to 2 parts of tea tree oil, 8 to 10 parts of rhizobium powder, and 3 to 5 parts of peanut vine extract.

[0011] Furthermore, in step (1), the application amount of the compound agent is 0.1 to 0.15 kg / mu, and the dilution multiple before application is 500 to 1000 times.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (1), the preparation method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: taking 30-40 parts of bamboo civet feces, 25-35 parts of corn stalks, 20-30 parts of soybean meal, and 8-12 parts of banana stalks by weight, crushing and mixing to obtain a base material, adding a composite bacterial liquid composed of brewer's yeast, Bacillus subtilis and thermotolerant Staphylococcus, fermenting for 20-40 days at a fermentation temperature of 25-35°C to obtain the target fertilizer.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (1), the amount of the composite bacterial solution added is 0.8-1.2% of the mass of the matrix material, the concentration of live bacteria is (0.2-0.4) billion CFU / ml, and the mass ratio of the brewer's yeast, Bacillus subtilis and thermotolerant Staphylococcus is 0.9-1.1:0.9-1.1:0.9-1.1.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (2), the planting density of the tobacco seedlings is 1,000 to 3,000 plants per mu.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (2), one snake plant is planted between every two tobacco plants.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (2), the compound fertilizer is NP-K+TE compound fertilizer, and the application amount per mu is 5 to 8 kg / mu.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (3), the composite bacterial agent is composed of the following bacterial species in a mass ratio of 0.9-1.1:1.9-2.1:0.9-1.1:Bacillus polymyxa, Acetobacter and Rhodococcus, with a live bacteria concentration of (700 million to 100) million CFU / g, an application amount per mu each time of 0.5 to 1 kg / mu, and a dilution multiple before application of 100 to 200 times.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (1), the application amount of the base fertilizer is 40 to 60 kg / mu.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) The intercropping method of the present invention is to intercrop snakewort with tobacco, which has an inhibitory effect on nematodes in the soil, not only effectively improving tobacco and snakewort, but also promoting the symbiosis of tobacco and snakewort, promoting growth, and increasing the per-acre yield of tobacco and snakewort.

[0021] (3) Among them, the present invention uses ammonium sulfate, tea tree oil, rhizobium, and peanut vine extract to prepare a composite agent, which has good inhibitory activity against nematodes and can effectively kill nematodes in tobacco soil during planting; the present invention uses civet feces, corn stalks, soybean meal, and banana stalks as matrix materials, and adds a base fertilizer made by fermenting a composite bacterial liquid composed of brewer's yeast, Bacillus subtilis, and thermotolerant Staphylococcus, which not only promotes tobacco growth, but also enhances the inhibitory effect of snakewort on soil nematodes, effectively improving the soil environment; spraying a composite bacterial agent composed of Bacillus polymyxa, Acetobacter, and Rhodococcus after a heavy rain can effectively inhibit the rapid reproduction of nematodes and inhibit the spread of the disease.

[0022] (3) The intercropping method of the present invention not only improves tobacco yield and quality, but also increases tobacco income and improves the economic value of intercropping. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are provided below to further illustrate the present invention.

[0024] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the embodiments of the present invention are all conventional methods.

[0025] Unless otherwise specified, the materials, reagents, etc. used in the embodiments of the present invention can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0026] Rhizobium powder was purchased from Beijing Shuangdun Technology Co., Ltd.;

[0027] Bacillus subtilis and Paenibacillus polymyxa were purchased from Tai'an Datong Bufan Bioengineering Co., Ltd.;

[0028] Saccharomyces cerevisiae was purchased from Angel Company;

[0029] Thermotolerant Staphylococcus aureus was purchased from Beijing Bioson Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

[0030] Acetobacter was purchased from Shanghai Chunshi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

[0031] Rhodococcus was purchased from Yuehua Biological Company;

[0032] NP-K+TE compound fertilizer was purchased from Ruishen Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.

[0033] Preparation Example 1

[0034] (1) Compound agent: Take 13 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1.5 parts of tea tree oil, 9 parts of rhizobium powder and 4 parts of peanut vine extract respectively by weight, mix them evenly to prepare a compound agent.

[0035] (2) Base fertilizer: 35 parts of civet feces, 30 parts of corn stalks, 25 parts of soybean meal, and 10 parts of banana stalks were taken by weight, crushed, and mixed evenly to obtain a base material, and a composite bacterial solution was added to the base material, and stirred evenly. The amount of the composite bacterial solution added was 1.0% of the mass of the base material, and the mixture was fermented at 30°C ± 5°C for 30 days to obtain the target fertilizer; the composite bacterial solution was prepared by mixing saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis, and thermotolerant Staphylococcus aureus in a mass ratio of about 1:1:1, and the live bacterial concentration of the composite bacterial solution was 30 million CFU / ml;

[0036] (3) Composite bacterial agent: It is composed of Bacillus polymyxa, Acetobacter and Rhodococcus. The mass ratio of the three species of Bacillus polymyxa, Acetobacter and Rhodococcus is about 1:2:1, and the concentration of live bacteria is 800 million CFU / g.

[0037] Example 1 - A method for intercropping tobacco and snakewort

[0038] (1) Before planting tobacco and snakewort, the soil was deep-turned and the composite agent of Preparation Example 1 was sprayed at an application rate of 0.15 kg / mu, and the dilution ratio before application was 500 times; and the base fertilizer of Preparation Example 1 was then applied at an application rate of 50 kg / mu;

[0039] (2) Select tobacco seedlings and transplant them in February with a planting density of 1,000 plants / mu. Plant snakewort between the rows. Apply NP-K+TE compound fertilizer between the rows of tobacco and snakewort two weeks after planting at a rate of 6 kg / mu.

[0040] (3) When heavy rain occurs, spray the composite bacterial agent of Preparation Example 1 within 24 hours after the heavy rain, with an application rate of 1 kg per mu per time and a dilution multiple of 100 times before application;

[0041] (4) Management until the harvesting of tobacco and snakehead.

[0042] Example 2 - A method for intercropping tobacco and snakewort

[0043] (1) Before planting tobacco and snakewort, the soil was deep-turned and the compound agent of Preparation Example 1 was sprayed at an application rate of 0.1 kg / mu, and the dilution ratio before application was 1000 times; and the base fertilizer of Preparation Example 1 was then applied at an application rate of 55 kg / mu;

[0044] (2) Select tobacco seedlings and transplant them in February with a planting density of 1,000 plants / mu. Plant snakewort between the rows. Apply NP-K+TE compound fertilizer between the rows of tobacco and snakewort three weeks after planting at a rate of 7 kg / mu.

[0045] (3) When heavy rain occurs, spray the composite bacterial agent of Preparation Example 1 within 24 hours after the heavy rain, with an application rate of 0.8 kg per mu per time and a dilution factor of 200 times before application;

[0046] (4) Management until the harvesting of tobacco and snakehead.

[0047] Comparative Example 1

[0048] The main difference from Example 1 is that the composite agent is prepared from the following raw materials: ammonium sulfate and rhizobium. By weight, 13 parts of ammonium sulfate and 9 parts of rhizobium powder are taken respectively, mixed evenly, and the composite agent is prepared.

[0049] The intercropping methods are as follows:

[0050] (1) Before planting tobacco and snakewort, the soil was deep-turned and the above-mentioned composite agent was sprayed at an application rate of 0.15 kg / mu, and the dilution ratio before application was 500 times; and the base fertilizer of Preparation Example 1 was then applied at an application rate of 50 kg / mu;

[0051] (2) Select tobacco seedlings and transplant them in February with a planting density of 1,000 plants / mu. Plant snakewort between the rows. Apply NP-K+TE compound fertilizer between the rows of tobacco and snakewort two weeks after planting at a rate of 6 kg / mu.

[0052] (3) When heavy rain occurs, spray the composite bacterial agent of Preparation Example 1 within 24 hours after the heavy rain, with an application rate of 1 kg per mu per time and a dilution multiple of 100 times before application;

[0053] (4) Management until the harvesting of tobacco and snakehead.

[0054] Comparative Example 2

[0055] The main difference from Example 1 is that the base fertilizer is made of only corn stalks and soybean meal as the base materials, and only a single bacterial solution (made from brewer's yeast, with a live bacteria concentration of 30 million CFU / ml) is added for fermentation.

[0056] Preparation of base fertilizer: Take 30 parts of corn stalks and 25 parts of soybean meal by weight, crush and mix them evenly to obtain a base material, add the above-mentioned bacterial solution to the base material, stir evenly, and the addition amount is 1.0% of the mass of the base material, ferment for 30 days, and the fermentation temperature is 25-35°C to obtain the target fertilizer;

[0057] The intercropping methods are as follows:

[0058] (1) Before planting tobacco and snakewort, the soil was deep-turned and the composite agent of Preparation Example 1 was sprayed at an application rate of 0.15 kg / mu, and the dilution ratio before application was 500 times; then the above-mentioned base fertilizer was applied at an application rate of 50 kg / mu;

[0059] (2) Select tobacco seedlings and transplant them in February with a planting density of 1,000 plants / mu. Plant snakewort between the rows. Apply NP-K+TE compound fertilizer between the rows of tobacco and snakewort two weeks after planting at a rate of 6 kg / mu.

[0060] (3) When heavy rain occurs, spray the composite bacterial agent of Preparation Example 1 within 24 hours after the heavy rain, with an application rate of 1 kg per mu per time and a dilution multiple of 100 times before application;

[0061] (4) Management until the harvesting of tobacco and snakehead.

[0062] Comparative Example 3

[0063] The main difference from Example 1 is that when heavy rain occurs, within 24 hours after the heavy rain, the sprayed fungicide is only Bacillus subtilis (live bacteria concentration is 800 million CFU / g).

[0064] (1) Before planting tobacco and snakewort, the soil was deep-turned and the composite agent of Preparation Example 1 was sprayed at an application rate of 0.15 kg / mu, and the dilution ratio before application was 500 times; and the base fertilizer of Preparation Example 1 was then applied at an application rate of 50 kg / mu;

[0065] (2) Select tobacco seedlings and transplant them in February with a planting density of 1,000 plants / mu. Plant snakewort between the rows. Apply NP-K+TE compound fertilizer between the rows of tobacco and snakewort two weeks after planting at a rate of 6 kg / mu.

[0066] (3) When heavy rain occurs, spray the above-mentioned fungicide within 24 hours after the heavy rain, with an application rate of 1 kg per mu each time and a dilution factor of 100 before application;

[0067] (4) Management until the harvesting of tobacco and snakehead.

[0068] Test example

[0069] The experiment was conducted in accordance with the embodiment and comparative method at the tobacco base in Danzhou City, Hainan Province. The experimental variety was cigar, each experimental group was 1 mu, and 3 replicates were performed in parallel. Tobacco leaves and snakewort were harvested 3 months after the tobacco seedlings were transplanted. The average per mu yield of tobacco leaves and snakewort was calculated, and the incidence of tobacco root-knot nematodes was calculated.

[0070] Among them, 100 tobacco plants were randomly selected from each treatment group for observation and sampling, and the incidence of tobacco root-knot nematodes was counted.

[0071] Tobacco root-knot nematode incidence = (number of infected tobacco plants / total number of samples) × 100%

[0072] The results are shown in Table 1:

[0073] Table 1 The yield per mu of tobacco leaves and snakehead

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] The above results show that the intercropping method of Examples 1-2 of the present invention not only effectively improves tobacco and snakehead, but also promotes the symbiosis of tobacco and snakehead, promotes growth, and increases the per-acre yield of tobacco leaves and snakehead.

[0077] Comparative Example 1 is compared with Example 1. The yield of tobacco leaves and snakewort is reduced, and the inhibitory effect on tobacco root-knot nematodes is reduced. The present invention uses ammonium sulfate, tea tree oil, rhizobium, and peanut vine extract to prepare a composite agent, which has good inhibitory activity against nematodes and effectively kills nematodes in tobacco soil during planting;

[0078] Comparative Example 2 is compared with Example 1, and the incidence of tobacco root-knot nematodes is significantly increased, and the harvest of tobacco leaves and snakewort is significantly reduced. The present invention uses bamboo civet feces, corn stalks, soybean meal, and banana stalks as matrix materials, and adds a base fertilizer made by fermenting a composite bacterial liquid composed of brewer's yeast, Bacillus subtilis, and thermotolerant Staphylococcus, which not only promotes tobacco growth, but also enhances the inhibitory effect of snakewort on soil nematodes, effectively improving the soil environment;

[0079] Compared with Example 1, the incidence of tobacco root-knot nematodes in Comparative Example 3 has increased, which has a significant impact on the tobacco leaf harvest. The present invention sprays a composite bacterial agent composed of Paenibacillus polymyxa, Acetobacter and Rhodococcus after a rainstorm, which effectively inhibits the rapid reproduction of nematodes and the spread of the disease.

[0080] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intercropping tobacco and snakewort, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Before planting tobacco and snakewort, the soil is deep-turned, a composite agent is sprayed, and then a base fertilizer is applied; the composite agent is prepared by the following raw materials: ammonium sulfate, tea tree oil, rhizobium, and peanut vine extract; the base fertilizer is prepared by fermenting a composite bacterial liquid composed of saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis, and thermotolerant Staphylococcus using civet feces, corn stalks, soybean meal, and banana stalks as matrix materials; (2) Select tobacco seedlings, transplant them in February or March, plant snakewort between the rows, and apply compound fertilizer between the rows of tobacco and snakewort 2-3 weeks after planting; (3) When heavy rain occurs, spray a composite bacterial agent within 24 hours after the heavy rain, wherein the composite bacterial agent is composed of Paenibacillus polymyxa, Acetobacter and Rhodococcus; (4) Management until the harvesting of tobacco and snakehead.

2. The intercropping method of tobacco and snakewort according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (1), the composite agent is prepared by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1-2 parts of tea tree oil, 8-10 parts of rhizobium powder, and 3-5 parts of peanut vine extract.

3. The intercropping method of tobacco and snakewort according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the application amount of the composite agent is 0.1 to 0.15 kg / mu, and the dilution multiple before application is 500 to 1000 times.

4. The intercropping method of tobacco and snakewort according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (1), the preparation method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: taking 30-40 parts of bamboo civet feces, 25-35 parts of corn stalks, 20-30 parts of soybean meal, and 8-12 parts of banana stalks by weight, crushing and mixing to obtain a base material, adding a composite bacterial liquid composed of brewer's yeast, Bacillus subtilis and thermotolerant Staphylococcus, fermenting for 20-40 days at a fermentation temperature of 25-35°C to obtain the target fertilizer.

5. The intercropping method of tobacco and snakewort according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step (1), the amount of the composite bacterial solution added is 0.8-1.2% of the mass of the matrix material, the live bacteria concentration is (0.2-0.4) billion CFU / ml, and the mass ratio of the brewer's yeast, Bacillus subtilis and thermotolerant Staphylococcus is 0.9-1.1:0.9-1.1:0.9-1.

1.

6. The intercropping method of tobacco and snakewort according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the planting density of the tobacco seedlings is 1,000 to 3,000 plants per mu.

7. The intercropping method of tobacco and snakewort according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (2), plant one snake plant between every two tobacco plants.

8. The intercropping method of tobacco and snakewort according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the compound fertilizer is NP-K+TE compound fertilizer, and the application amount per mu is 5-8 kg / mu.

9. The intercropping method of tobacco and snakewort according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the composite bacterial agent is composed of the following bacterial species in a mass ratio of 0.9-1.1:1.9-2.1:0.9-1.1:Bacillus polymyxa, Acetobacter and Rhodococcus, with a live bacteria concentration of (700 million to 100) million CFU / g, an application amount per mu each time of 0.5 to 1 kg / mu, and a dilution multiple of 100 to 200 times before application.

10. The intercropping method of tobacco and snakewort according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the application amount of the base fertilizer is 40 to 60 kg / mu.

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