Device for producing hydrogen by formic acid cracking in pressurized water reactor environment

Abstract

The invention provides a formic acid cracking hydrogen production device in a pressurized water reactor environment, the formic acid cracking hydrogen production device comprises a pressurized water reactor first loop system, a pressurized water reactor second loop system and a hydrogen production system, the pressurized water reactor first loop system comprises a reactor, a voltage stabilizer and a steam generator, the reactor, the voltage stabilizer and the steam generator are sequentially connected to form a loop, the steam generator is connected with the second loop system and the hydrogen production system; the second loop system comprises a steam-water separator, a steam turbine and a condenser, the steam output end of the steam-water separator is connected with the steam turbine, a medium-pressure output port of the steam turbine is connected with the hydrogen production system, a low-pressure output port of the steam turbine is connected with the condenser, and the condenser is connected with the steam generator. The nuclear energy technology and the hydrogen production technology are combined, large-scale production of hydrogen is carried out, and the hydrogen production efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of formic acid cracking hydrogen production, and in particular relates to a formic acid cracking hydrogen production device in a pressurized water reactor environment. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the growing energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions of mankind have led to rising global temperatures, which has attracted great attention from countries around the world. In order to meet the requirements of the times, the development of clean energy with high energy density and no pollution has become a top priority. Hydrogen energy, as the clean energy with the greatest development potential in the 21st century, has received a lot of attention. Formic acid (HCOOH, FA) is the simplest hydrogen-containing monobasic organic carboxylic acid with a high volumetric hydrogen storage capacity (53g / L). Under the action of a suitable catalyst, it can be decomposed and released under mild conditions (room temperature-150°C). Formic acid is inexpensive and widely available, and is mainly produced by hydrolysis of methyl formate synthesized by methanol carbonylation. It has low toxicity, is liquid at room temperature and pressure, has stable properties, is not easy to burn, and is safe and convenient to transport and store. It is a highly potential chemical hydrogen storage material that can better solve the three major pain points of existing hydrogen energy technology in the promotion and application. Nuclear energy is a representative of high efficiency, low consumption, environmental protection, and cleanliness. It has the advantages of not producing greenhouse gases, using water as raw material, high efficiency, and large scale. Combining nuclear energy technology with hydrogen production technology to produce hydrogen on a large scale will be an important solution for large-scale hydrogen supply in the future, opening up a new path for sustainable development and the hydrogen economy. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a formic acid cracking hydrogen production device in a pressurized water reactor environment, which combines nuclear energy technology with hydrogen production technology to carry out large-scale production of hydrogen and improve hydrogen production efficiency.

[0004] The present invention solves the technical problem by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a formic acid cracking hydrogen production device in a pressurized water reactor environment, comprising a pressurized water reactor first loop system, a second loop system and a hydrogen production system.

[0006] The first loop system of the pressurized water reactor includes a reactor, a pressurizer and a steam generator, the reactor, the pressurizer and the steam generator are connected in sequence to form a loop, and the steam generator is connected to the second loop system and the hydrogen production system;

[0007] The second loop system is a water circulation system, including a steam-water separator, a steam turbine, and a condenser. The steam output end of the steam-water separator is connected to the steam turbine, the medium-pressure output port of the steam turbine is connected to the hydrogen production system, the low-pressure output port of the steam turbine is connected to the condenser, and the condenser is connected to the steam generator.

[0008] The hydrogen production system is connected to the steam turbine and the condenser, and the hydrogen production system includes a cracking reactor and a pressure swing adsorption system.

[0009] Furthermore, the medium-pressure output port of the steam turbine is connected to the cracking reactor, and a second regulating valve is provided between the steam turbine and the cracking reactor.

[0010] Furthermore, the steam outlet of the low-pressure section of the steam turbine is connected to a condenser, and the power output end of the low-pressure section of the steam turbine is connected to a generator.

[0011] Furthermore, the generator is connected to a power grid.

[0012] Furthermore, the steam generator, steam-water separator, steam turbine and condenser are interconnected to form a loop.

[0013] Furthermore, the condenser is also connected to a cooling tower, and the cooling tower provides a cold source for the condensation chamber.

[0014] Furthermore, a water feed pump is provided between the condenser and the steam generator.

[0015] Furthermore, the coolant is pumped into the reactor through a coolant pump.

[0016] Furthermore, the cracking reactor is connected to a formic acid storage tank and a catalyst storage tank, and a high-pressure pump is provided between the formic acid storage tank and the cracking reactor.

[0017] Furthermore, the cracking reactor is connected to a condenser, and the steam heated by the cracking reactor is discharged into the condenser for condensation after heat exchange.

[0018] Furthermore, the steam-water separator, steam turbine and cracking reactor are connected to the condenser, and the crystal water and low-temperature steam in the steam-water separator, steam turbine and cracking reactor enter the condenser for condensation.

[0019] Furthermore, a hydrogen-rich buffer is provided between the cracking reactor and the pressure swing adsorption system.

[0020] Furthermore, the pressure swing adsorption system is connected to a hydrogen storage tank.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are:

[0022] The nuclear energy of the present invention, as a clean primary energy source, has the advantages of high efficiency, cleanliness and stability. It combines nuclear energy technology with hydrogen production technology, which is conducive to the large-scale production of hydrogen production by formic acid cracking, improves energy utilization efficiency and reduces hydrogen production costs. In the present invention, the first loop system and the second loop system of the pressurized water reactor are both closed loops, which avoids energy waste and realizes physical isolation between the hydrogen production system and the first loop system and the second loop system of the pressurized water reactor.

[0023] The present invention utilizes the waste heat of the reactor power grid system to directly heat the reaction environment of the cracking reactor, without the need to provide additional heat, and without changing the structure of the original power grid system. Compared with the prior art, it avoids the problem of heating formic acid before adding it to the cracking reactor for reaction, thereby making the temperature and pressure of the reaction environment unstable, easily forming side reactions, and affecting the purity and yield of hydrogen. The present invention utilizes the medium-pressure water vapor output by the turbine to heat the cracking reactor, and the second regulating valve can adjust the appropriate reaction temperature according to the type of catalyst selected, so that the cracking reaction process is more stable, side reactions are avoided, the output rate and hydrogen purity are improved, and the process flow of formic acid cracking to produce hydrogen is simplified.

[0024] The present invention uses formic acid as a reaction raw material. Compared with methanol, formic acid is non-toxic and harmless, not easy to burn, and is easy to decompose in a natural environment, and has good environmental protection and safety properties.

[0025] The present invention collects all the condensed water and excess steam generated by various equipment such as steam-water separators, heat exchangers, and cracking reactors into a condenser and uses them as the steam source for a steam generator. At the same time, the condensed cooling water is further used as a refrigerant for the condenser, so that the water in the second loop system is fully utilized, the production cost is greatly reduced, and the system structure is simple.

[0026] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a formic acid cracking hydrogen production device in a pressurized water reactor environment according to the present invention.

[0028] In the accompanying drawings, 1 is the first loop system of the pressurized water reactor, 2 is the hydrogen production system, 3 is the second loop system, 4 is the generator, 5 is the power grid, 101 is the reactor, 102 is the coolant pump, 103 is the stabilizer, 104 is the steam generator, 210 is the first flow meter, 202 is the cracking reactor, 203 is the hydrogen-rich buffer, 204 is the pressure swing adsorption system, 205 is the formic acid storage tank, 206 is the catalyst storage tank, 207 is the high-pressure pump, 212 is the second regulating valve, 209 is the hydrogen storage tank, 201 is the second flow meter, 211 is the pressure regulating valve, 208 is the first regulating valve, 301 is the steam-water separator, 302 is the steam turbine, 303 is the condenser, 304 is the circulating water pump, and 305 is the feed water pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only exemplary illustrations and explanations of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All technologies implemented based on the above content of the present invention are included in the scope of protection that the present invention is intended to protect.

[0030] In addition, unless otherwise specified, various raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in the present invention can be purchased from the market or prepared by existing methods.

[0031] A formic acid cracking hydrogen production device in a pressurized water reactor environment comprises a pressurized water reactor first loop system 1, a second loop system 3 and a hydrogen production system 2,

[0032] The first loop system 1 of the pressurized water reactor includes a reactor 101, a pressurizer 103 and a steam generator 104. The reactor 101, the pressurizer 103 and the steam generator 104 are connected in sequence to form a loop. The steam generator 104 is connected to the second loop system 3 and the hydrogen production system 2.

[0033] The second loop system 3 is a water circulation system, including a steam-water separator 301, a steam turbine 302, and a condenser 303. The steam output end of the steam-water separator 301 is connected to the steam turbine 302, the medium-pressure output port of the steam turbine 302 is connected to the hydrogen production system 2, the low-pressure output port of the steam turbine 302 is connected to the condenser 303, and the condenser 303 is connected to the steam generator 104.

[0034] The hydrogen production system 2 is connected to the steam turbine 302 and the condenser 303 , and includes a cracking reactor 202 and a pressure swing adsorption system 204 .

[0035] The present invention converts the nuclear energy of the first loop system 1 of the pressurized water reactor into the thermal energy of high-temperature steam to provide energy for formic acid cracking and hydrogen production, combines nuclear energy with hydrogen production technology, and is conducive to the large-scale production of formic acid cracking and hydrogen production. The heat energy generated by the nuclear reaction of the reactor 101 is transmitted to the steam generator 104 after stabilizing the outlet pressure of the reactor 101 through the pressurizer 103. The steam generator 104 performs heat exchange to heat the internal water into steam to provide energy for the power grid system and the hydrogen production system 2, realizing the conversion of nuclear energy into thermal energy and forming a circulation loop. When the water vapor passes through the steam turbine 302 again, the steam turbine 302 converts the heat energy into mechanical energy. The medium-pressure output port of the steam turbine 302 is connected to the hydrogen production system 2. The hydrogen production system 2 uses part of the waste heat of the steam turbine 302 as heat energy to provide energy for the cracking reaction of formic acid, so that the formic acid and the catalyst react in the best state. The steam heat energy directly acts on the cracking reactor 202, making the reaction process more stable, improving the purity of hydrogen and the production rate. The carbon dioxide generated is absorbed by the pressure swing adsorption system 204, and the pressure of hydrogen and carbon dioxide is adjusted to be stable. The second loop system 3 is used for steam-water separation, and the condensed water is cooled and returned to the steam generator 104. The second loop system 3 is connected to the first loop system 1 of the pressurized water reactor and the hydrogen production system 2, and the water in the whole system is kept circulating.

[0036] The medium-pressure output port of the steam turbine 302 is connected to the cracking reactor 202, and a second regulating valve 212 is provided between the steam turbine 302 and the cracking reactor 202. The steam outlet of the low-pressure section of the steam turbine 302 is connected to the condenser 303, and the power output end of the low-pressure section of the steam turbine 302 is connected to the generator. The steam turbine 302 includes three sections of cylinders, namely, a high-pressure section, a medium-pressure section, and a low-pressure section. The steam-water separator 301 is connected to the high-pressure section, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the steam generator 104 enters the high-pressure section of the steam turbine 302, and the steam of the high-pressure section enters the medium-pressure section. Part of the water vapor in the medium-pressure section enters the cracking reactor 202 through the second regulating valve 212, and the other part of the water vapor enters the low-pressure section of the steam turbine 302. The steam is further converted into mechanical energy of the steam turbine 302 in the low-pressure section of the steam turbine 302, and the power output end is connected to the generator 4. After the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy by the generator 4, it supplies power to the power grid 5. The steam outlet of the low-pressure section is connected to the condenser 303. After the steam enters the condenser 303 for further condensation, it returns to the steam generator 104 as a water source.

[0037] A second regulating valve 212 is provided between the cracking reactor 202 and the steam turbine 302. According to the type of catalyst selected in the hydrogen production by cracking formic acid, the steam heating temperature entering the cracking reactor 202 is adjusted by the second regulating valve 212 to match the temperature of the catalyst reaction interval, thereby improving the cracking reaction efficiency. Compared with the prior art in which formic acid is heated before entering the cracking reactor 202 for reaction, the conditions in the cracking reactor 202 are more stable, side reactions are avoided, and the conversion rate of hydrogen is improved.

[0038] In a specific embodiment, a second flow meter 201 is further provided between the second regulating valve 212 and the cracking reactor 202 for detecting the steam flow rate flowing into the cracking reactor 202 and adjusting and controlling it through the second regulating valve 212 according to the heat conditions required for the cracking reaction to improve the efficiency of the cracking reaction.

[0039] The steam generator 104, the steam-water separator 301, the steam turbine 302, and the condenser 303 are interconnected to form a loop, and the condenser 303 is also connected to a cooling tower, through which a cold source is provided for the condensation chamber; a feed water pump 305 is provided between the condensation chamber and the steam generator 104. The condensed water formed in the steam-water separator 301, the steam turbine 302, and the cracking reactor 202 enters the condenser 303, and the cooling water condensed in the condenser 303 enters the cooling tower, and the condensed water in the condenser 303 is pumped into the steam generator 104 through the feed water pump 305 as a steam source.

[0040] In a specific embodiment, a circulating water pump 304 is provided between the condenser 303 and the cooling tower, and the circulating water pump 304 is used to circulate the cooling water in the condenser 303 .

[0041] The coolant is pumped into the reactor 101 through a coolant pump 102 , and the coolant pump 102 is disposed between the coolant storage tank and the reactor 101 .

[0042] The cracking reactor 202 is connected to a formic acid storage tank 205 and a catalyst storage tank 206, and a high-pressure pump 207 is provided between the formic acid storage tank 205 and the cracking reactor 202. In a specific embodiment, a first regulating valve 208 is further provided between the high-pressure pump 207 and the cracking reactor 202. The formic acid in the formic acid storage tank 205 is pressurized by the high-pressure pump 207 to reach the high pressure state required for the formic acid cracking reaction, and the pressure is adjusted by the first regulating valve 208 to keep the pressure stable. At this time, the reaction conditions in the cracking reactor 202 are the optimal pressure and optimal temperature for the reaction of formic acid and the catalyst, and the reaction efficiency is high.

[0043] The cracking reactor 202 is connected to the condenser 303, and the steam heated by the cracking reactor 202 is discharged into the condenser 303 for condensation after heat exchange. The steam-water separator 301, the steam turbine 302, and the cracking reactor 202 are connected to the condenser 303, and the crystal water and low-temperature steam in the steam-water separator 301, the steam turbine 302, and the cracking reactor 202 enter the condenser 303 for condensation.

[0044] In a specific embodiment, a first flow meter 210 is further disposed between the first regulating valve 208 and the cracking reactor 202 for detecting the amount of the formic acid solution injected into the cracking reactor 202 .

[0045] In order to buffer the hydrogen and carbon dioxide products after the reaction and improve the adsorption effect of the pressure swing adsorption system 204 on carbon dioxide, a hydrogen-rich buffer 203 is provided between the cracking reactor 202 and the pressure swing adsorption system 204. In a preferred embodiment, a pressure regulating valve 211 is provided between the hydrogen-rich buffer 203 and the cracking reactor 202, and the pressure regulating valve 211 adjusts the outlet pressure of the cracking reactor 202. At the same time, the hydrogen-rich buffer 203 buffers and adjusts the pressure of the reaction products to avoid pressure fluctuations, so that the pressure state of the hydrogen and carbon dioxide input to the pressure swing adsorption system 204 remains relatively stable.

[0046] The pressure swing adsorption system 204 is connected to the hydrogen storage tank 209. The pressure swing adsorption system 204 absorbs the generated carbon dioxide and further adjusts the pressure of the hydrogen and carbon dioxide so that the gas output to the hydrogen storage tank 209 is high-purity hydrogen.

[0047] The working process of the formic acid cracking hydrogen production device in a pressurized water reactor environment of the present invention is as follows:

[0048] The first loop system 1 of the pressurized water reactor uses the energy provided by the pressurized water reactor principle to enable the steam generator 104 to generate high-temperature steam. The coolant, reactor 101, pressurizer 103, and steam generator 104 form a circulation loop, which converts the nuclear energy generated by the reactor 101 into heat energy and transmits it to the steam generator 104, and then transmits it to the power grid system and the hydrogen production system 2 through the steam generator 104.

[0049] The steam generator 104 is connected to the hydrogen production system through the steam-water separator 301 and the steam turbine 302. The high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by the steam generator 104 enters the steam-water separator 301 for steam-water separation and then enters the steam turbine 302 for pressure reduction. The steam generated by the medium-pressure section of the steam turbine 302 enters the hydrogen production system to provide thermal energy for the hydrogen production system; the steam generated by the low-pressure section of the steam turbine 302 enters the generator for power generation.

[0050] The hydrogen production system 2 includes a cracking reactor 202, a formic acid storage tank 205, a catalyst storage tank 206, a high-pressure pump 207, a hydrogen-rich buffer 203, a pressure swing adsorption system 204, and a hydrogen storage tank 209. The high-temperature steam is regulated by the second regulating valve 212 to form the low-temperature steam required for the cracking reaction and enters the cracking reactor 202, which is used to heat the catalyst and formic acid in the cracking reactor 202 to the optimal reaction temperature for the cracking reaction. The hydrogen and carbon dioxide generated after the reaction pass through the hydrogen-rich buffer 203 and the pressure swing adsorption system 204, and the carbon dioxide is adsorbed and the pressure is stabilized to generate high-purity hydrogen and store it in the hydrogen storage tank 209.

[0051] The second loop system 3 is a water circulation system that connects the first loop system 1 of the pressurized water reactor and the hydrogen production system 2 and performs heat conversion. The steam generated by the high temperature in the steam generator 104 is transmitted to the hydrogen production system 2 to provide the hydrogen production system 2 with the heat energy required for the reaction. After the heat conversion, the condensed water is cooled in the condenser 303 and the cooling tower, and then pumped into the steam generator 104 to provide a water source for the steam, forming a water cycle.

[0052] The serial numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are only for description and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0053] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation modes, which are merely illustrative rather than restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, all of which are within the protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A formic acid cracking hydrogen production device in a pressurized water reactor environment, characterized in that: Including the PWR primary loop system, secondary loop system and hydrogen production system, The first loop system of the pressurized water reactor includes a reactor, a pressurizer and a steam generator, the reactor, the pressurizer and the steam generator are connected in sequence to form a loop, and the steam generator is connected to the second loop system and the hydrogen production system; The second loop system is a water circulation system, including a steam-water separator, a steam turbine, and a condenser. The steam output end of the steam-water separator is connected to the steam turbine, the medium-pressure output port of the steam turbine is connected to the hydrogen production system, the low-pressure output port of the steam turbine is connected to the condenser, and the condenser is connected to the steam generator. The hydrogen production system is connected to the steam turbine and the condenser, and the hydrogen production system includes a cracking reactor and a pressure swing adsorption system.

2. A formic acid cracking hydrogen production device in a pressurized water reactor environment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The medium-pressure output port of the steam turbine is connected to the cracking reactor, and a second regulating valve is arranged between the steam turbine and the cracking reactor.

3. A formic acid cracking hydrogen production device in a pressurized water reactor environment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The steam outlet of the low-pressure section of the steam turbine is connected to the condenser, and the power output end of the low-pressure section of the steam turbine is connected to the generator.

4. A formic acid cracking hydrogen production device in a pressurized water reactor environment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The steam generator, steam-water separator, steam turbine and condenser are interconnected to form a loop.

5. The formic acid cracking hydrogen production device in a pressurized water reactor environment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The condenser is also connected to a cooling tower, through which a cold source is provided for the condensation chamber.

6. A formic acid cracking hydrogen production device in a pressurized water reactor environment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The cracking reactor is connected to a formic acid storage tank and a catalyst storage tank, and a high-pressure pump is arranged between the formic acid storage tank and the cracking reactor.

7. A formic acid cracking hydrogen production device in a pressurized water reactor environment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A hydrogen-rich buffer is arranged between the cracking reactor and the pressure swing adsorption system.

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