Organic fermented fertilizer based on livestock and poultry animal manure

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of an organic fermented fertilizer based on livestock and poultry animal manure, which comprises the following steps: selecting fresh and virus-free livestock and poultry animal manure as a compost raw material, inoculating a leavening agent, and adding composite traditional Chinese medicine residue, biomass charcoal and modified bentonite for primary fermentation; humic acid and ferrous sulfate are added in the primary turning process, and secondary fermentation is performed after uniform mixing; the composite traditional Chinese medicine residues comprise folium artemisiae argyi, rhizoma atractylodis, folium isatidis and garlic straw; based on the dry mass of the compost raw material, the addition amount of the composite traditional Chinese medicine residue is 10-15 wt.%, the addition amount of the biomass charcoal is 2-3.5 wt.%, the addition amount of the modified bentonite is 5-7 wt.%, the addition amount of the humic acid is 5-8 wt.%, and the addition amount of the ferrous sulfate is 0.5-1 wt.%. The livestock and poultry manure is used as a raw material, and through material blending and improvement, volatilization of malodorous substances such as ammonia gas in the fermentation process is reduced through adsorption and conversion, and environmental pollution is reduced. The nitrogen loss can be avoided, the compost is thoroughly decomposed, and the rich nutritional ingredients in the compost are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of composting, and in particular relates to an organic fermentation fertilizer based on livestock and poultry excrement. Background Art

[0002] Livestock and poultry manure is a rich organic resource that can be converted into organic fertilizer through processing. In this process, not only the recycling of resources is achieved, but also the discharge of waste is reduced and the risk of environmental pollution is reduced. Livestock and poultry manure contains a large amount of organic matter and nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. These nutrients can increase the fertility of the soil, improve the soil structure, improve the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, and enhance the water retention capacity of the soil. At the same time, the microorganisms and organic matter in organic fertilizers can also promote the reproduction and activity of soil microorganisms, further improve the ecological environment of the soil, which is conducive to the growth and development of crop roots and improve the yield and quality of crops. Compared with chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers have an important impact on crop growth and quality. The nutrients in organic fertilizers are released slowly, which can meet the needs of crops at different growth stages and make crops grow stronger. At the same time, organic fertilizers can also improve the taste and nutritional value of crops and improve the market competitiveness of agricultural products. The use of organic fermented fertilizers can reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers. Although chemical fertilizers can provide a lot of nutrients, long-term excessive use can lead to soil pollution, nutrient imbalance and other problems. Organic fertilizers can gradually improve the soil environment and increase soil fertility, thereby reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and lowering agricultural production costs. Since compost is generally used as base fertilizer, the amount used is much greater than that of inorganic fertilizers. If the quality of compost is poor, it is easy to cause problems such as seedling burn, so the quality of compost must be strictly controlled.

[0003] However, a large amount of malodorous substances will be produced during the fermentation of livestock and poultry manure. These malodorous substances not only pollute the environment, but also seriously affect the quality of compost if they are not fully removed. Moreover, ammonia is the main malodorous substance among these substances. The volatilization of ammonia will reduce the nitrogen content and cause nutrient loss. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes an organic fermented fertilizer based on livestock and poultry manure, which can reduce nitrogen loss while deodorizing by adding auxiliary ingredients in the hair spraying process.

[0005] The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing organic fermented fertilizer based on livestock and poultry manure, wherein fresh, virus-free livestock and poultry manure is selected as compost raw material, and after inoculating a fermentation agent, composite Chinese medicine residue, biomass charcoal and modified bentonite are added for primary fermentation; humic acid and ferrous sulfate are added during the first compost turning process, and secondary fermentation is performed after mixing evenly;

[0006] The composite Chinese medicinal residue includes wormwood, atractylodes, isatis indigotica and garlic straw; based on the dry mass of the compost raw material, the added amount of the composite Chinese medicinal residue is 10-15wt.%; the added amount of the biomass charcoal is 2-3.5wt.%; the added amount of the modified bentonite is 5-7wt.%; the added amount of the humic acid is 5-8wt.%; and the added amount of the ferrous sulfate is 0.5-1wt.%.

[0007] Organic fertilizers must be fully decomposed to improve their quality, and in the fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure, microorganisms will give priority to the more easily degradable proteins, sugars and fats in the raw materials, and then degrade and utilize the difficult-to-degrade cellulose and lignin. In the process of degrading proteins, sugars and fats, a large amount of ammonia will be produced, and humification generally occurs in the period of degrading cellulose and lignin, that is, in the middle and late stages of composting. Ammonia is produced and volatilized in large quantities in the early stage, and if it is to be ensured to be fully decomposed, nitrogen will be lost with the production and volatilization of ammonia, otherwise it cannot be ensured to be fully decomposed. The present invention adds biomass carbon and modified bentonite during the fermentation process, and the two utilize porous structures to physically adsorb ammonia first, and adding a small amount of humic acid can fix a certain amount of ammonia through neutralization, and ferrous sulfate can react with hydrogen sulfide, a malodorous substance in livestock and poultry manure, to generate iron sulfide and sulfuric acid, and sulfuric acid can utilize acidic neutralization to fix a certain amount of ammonia, reducing the volatilization of ammonia. In the process of organic matter decomposition to form humus in the middle and late stages of fermentation, a large amount of humic acid will be produced. Humic acid is a complex organic matter containing multiple functional groups, which make humic acid have good ion exchange and complexing capabilities. When humic acid contacts ammonia, the functional groups on its surface react with ammonia molecules to form stable compounds, thereby achieving effective fixation of ammonia. At the same time, the microorganisms in the fermentation agent will partially convert ammonium nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen through nitrification, thereby making the form of nitrogen richer. Secondly, the present invention adds composite Chinese medicine residues during the fermentation process, which not only provides a large amount of carbon source, but also the components in the Chinese medicine residues can effectively deodorize.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first compost turning is performed when the fermentation temperature of the raw materials reaches 45-50°C.

[0009] Optionally, wheat straw is used to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the raw material to (25-30) : 1 before the primary fermentation. On the premise of adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio, the rich holes of wheat straw can provide more gas channels for the composting fermentation process and increase the air permeability.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inoculation amount of the leavening agent is 0.015-0.02%.

[0011] Optionally, the fermentation agent is a composite bacterial agent prepared by mixing EM bacteria and ammonia nitrogen removal bacterial agent in a ratio of 10: (1-2). Ammonia nitrogen removal bacterial agent is generally used for sewage treatment. In the present invention, EM bacteria and ammonia nitrogen removal bacterial agent are compounded as a fermentation agent, which can convert part of ammonia nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen through nitrification during the composting process, thereby achieving the dual effects of deodorization and nitrogen fixation.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass proportion of garlic straw in the composite Chinese medicine residue is not less than 50%. Garlic straw contains crude fiber, allicin, thiamine, citral, trace element selenium, riboflavin and niacin, etc., and these beneficial ingredients are fully released through fermentation. Crude fiber provides a carbon source for fermentation, and volatile substances can kill harmful bacteria and fungi in compost, which can not only assist disinfection and deodorization, but also promote the growth of crops.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 30-45° C. during the secondary fermentation process; and the secondary fermentation time is 15-20 days.

[0014] The method further comprises the steps of drying and crushing after the secondary fermentation.

[0015] A second aspect of the present invention provides an organic fermented fertilizer based on livestock and poultry manure.

[0016] The third aspect of the present invention is to provide the use of the above organic fermented fertilizer in improving soil fertility and crop yield. The compost prepared by the method of the present invention has the advantages of good deodorization effect and high fermentation quality. Using it as a base fertilizer can effectively improve soil fertility and promote crop growth.

[0017] The present invention has the following technical effects:

[0018] The present invention uses livestock and poultry manure as raw materials, and through material preparation and improvement, not only can the volatilization of malodorous substances such as ammonia in the fermentation process be reduced through adsorption and conversion, thereby reducing environmental pollution. It can also avoid nitrogen loss, fully mature the compost, and ensure that the compost is rich in nutrients. The present invention effectively promotes the compost fermentation rate through the reasonable compounding of raw materials, and controls the fermentation time to about 20 days. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0020] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0021] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0022] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0023] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0024] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing organic fermentation fertilizer based on livestock and poultry excrement, wherein fresh, virus-free livestock and poultry excrement is selected as compost raw material, and after inoculating a fermentation agent, composite Chinese medicine residue, biochar and modified bentonite are added for primary fermentation; humic acid and ferrous sulfate are added during the first compost turning process, and secondary fermentation is performed after uniform mixing; the composite Chinese medicine residue comprises wormwood leaf, atractylodes lancea, isatis indigotica leaf and garlic stalk; based on the dry mass of the compost raw material, the addition amount of the composite Chinese medicine residue is 10-15wt.%; the addition amount of the biochar is 2-3.5wt.%; the addition amount of the modified bentonite is 5-7wt.%; the addition amount of the humic acid is 5-8wt.%; and the addition amount of the ferrous sulfate is 0.5-1wt.%.

[0025] In an embodiment of the present invention, livestock and poultry manure is excrement produced during the livestock and poultry breeding process, and is mainly composed of animal digestion residues, water, inorganic salts, and other incompletely digested feed. Livestock and poultry manure contains a large amount of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients, which have a certain promoting effect on the growth of crops. Typically but not restrictive, livestock and poultry manure includes pig manure, chicken manure, cattle and sheep manure, etc. mixed in any proportion. However, when selecting livestock and poultry manure, virus-free livestock and poultry manure must be used as raw material, because viruses will enter the soil with fertilizers, thereby affecting crop growth or being absorbed by crops and entering the human body to cause food safety problems.

[0026] In an embodiment of the present invention, the composite Chinese medicine residue includes wormwood, atractylodes, isatis indigotica and garlic straw. Among them, wormwood contains a variety of volatile components, which can emit a special fragrance when burned or volatilized. This fragrance is not only harmless to the human body, but also has certain mosquito repellent, sterilization and air purification effects. During the composting process, the volatile components of wormwood can neutralize or mask the stench produced by the compost, thereby improving the odor of the composting environment; these effects of wormwood can inhibit the growth and reproduction of harmful microorganisms and reduce the generation of odorous substances. At the same time, wormwood can also promote the activity of beneficial microorganisms, accelerate the decomposition and transformation of organic matter, and improve the quality and efficiency of composting. wormwood can be directly added to the compost material, which can not only effectively reduce the stench during the composting process, but also improve the fermentation speed and quality of the compost.

[0027] In an embodiment of the present invention, Atractylodes lancea is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine, and its rhizome contains volatile oils, the main components of which are atractylol, cyperol, β-eudesmol, etc. These volatile components give Atractylodes lancea a special aroma and have a broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral effect. The aroma of Atractylodes lancea can cover up the stench generated during the composting process, and reduce or eliminate the stimulation of the odor through the mixing and neutralization of the odor. The antibacterial components in Atractylodes lancea can inhibit the growth and reproduction of harmful microorganisms in the compost, thereby reducing the generation of malodorous substances. The active ingredients in Atractylodes lancea help to regulate the pH value and humidity of the composting environment, optimize the living environment of microorganisms, and then promote the decomposition and transformation of organic matter, and reduce the accumulation of malodorous substances. During the composting process, Atractylodes lancea is crushed and directly added to the compost material, and its volatile components and antibacterial effects can be used for deodorization.

[0028] In an embodiment of the present invention, the leaf of Isatis indigotica, as the dried leaves of the cruciferous plant Isatis indigotica, contains a variety of bioactive ingredients, such as isatis glycosides, mustard glycosides, sinigrin, etc. These ingredients may have antibacterial or antioxidant effects to a certain extent. During the composting process, these bioactive ingredients may affect the microbial community in the compost, thereby regulating the production and release of malodorous substances. Specifically, if the active ingredients in the leaf of Isatis indigotica can inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms in the compost, then they may reduce the production of malodorous substances. At the same time, if the leaf of Isatis indigotica can regulate the pH value or humidity of the composting environment, then it may also help to optimize the living environment of microorganisms, thereby reducing the accumulation of malodorous substances. Garlic straw is a waste generated during the growth of garlic, which is rich in allicin and other volatile substances. Allicin is a sulfur-containing compound with a strong odor, which gives garlic straw a special odor, but also has significant antibacterial and antiviral effects. Active ingredients such as allicin in garlic straw can inhibit the growth and reproduction of harmful microorganisms in compost. These harmful microorganisms produce malodorous substances, such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, when decomposing organic matter. By inhibiting the activity of these microorganisms, garlic straw can reduce the production of malodorous substances. The addition of garlic straw can affect the pH value and humidity of the composting environment, thereby optimizing the living environment of microorganisms. A suitable composting environment helps to promote the activity of beneficial microorganisms, accelerate the decomposition and transformation of organic matter, and reduce the accumulation of malodorous substances. Certain components in garlic straw may have an adsorption effect, which can adsorb malodorous substances in compost and reduce the amount released into the air. At the same time, the volatile substances in garlic straw may also react chemically with malodorous substances, thereby neutralizing their odor. The addition of garlic straw can promote the fermentation process of composting. The heat and microbial activity generated during the fermentation process help accelerate the decomposition and transformation of organic matter, further reducing the production of malodorous substances.

[0029] The Chinese medicine residue used in the embodiment of the present invention is prepared by crushing the discarded raw materials of Chinese medicinal materials that are unqualified after classification and screening, which not only effectively utilizes the discarded Chinese medicinal materials resources, but also improves the deodorization and composting fermentation effects.

[0030] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the composite Chinese medicine residue comprises wormwood leaf, atractylodes lancea, isatis indigotica leaf and garlic stalk, wherein the mass proportion of garlic stalk is more than 50%, and the remaining components are mixed in any proportion. In an optional embodiment, the composite Chinese medicine residue comprises 10 parts of wormwood leaf, 10 parts of atractylodes lancea, 10 parts of isatis indigotica leaf and 70 parts of garlic stalk by mass.

[0031] In an embodiment of the present invention, biochar is prepared by high-temperature pyrolysis and carbonization of biomass as raw materials. In the embodiment of the present invention, the biomass raw materials are selected from the rhizomes of crops and weeds, waste wood, bark and leaves, etc. These raw materials are easy to obtain and the preparation method is simple. In some embodiments, the preparation method of biochar is: corn stalks and sorghum stalks are selected, chopped, and carbonized at 500°C in a calciner under anaerobic conditions for 4 hours.

[0032] In the embodiments of the present invention, the modified bentonite is bentonite that has been modified by acid and alkali in sequence, and the main purpose is to increase its porosity. In some embodiments, the preparation method of the modified bentonite is: soak the bentonite in a 4 mol / L sulfuric acid solution for 1 hour, then soak it in a 3 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution for 1 hour, then calcine at 400°C for 3 hours, and cool it to obtain the product.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present invention, the composting fermentation process also needs to regulate other conditions, such as controlling the moisture content between 55 and 65%. Building a pile: Pile the adjusted materials on flat ground. The height of the pile should be not less than 1 meter, the width should be not less than 1.5 meters, and the length is unlimited. The shape of the pile should be kept as loose as possible to facilitate ventilation. Ventilation and turning the pile: During the fermentation process, oxygen supply measures should be increased to ensure mixing, frequent turning and ventilation. The sign of completed fermentation is that the material has completely lost the odor of feces, but instead has a light aroma after biological fermentation. At the same time, the color of the material will also change, usually becoming darker and more uniform, and all indicators meet the national standard NY884-2012.

[0034] In an embodiment of the present invention, after fermentation is completed, the compost needs to be dried, crushed, etc., so as to be better mixed with the soil. The present invention does not limit the methods of drying and crushing, and can be carried out in a conventional manner. It should be noted that the temperature of the drying process should not be too high to avoid killing beneficial microorganisms. Exemplarily, the drying is carried out by natural air drying or hair dryer-assisted air drying, and the crushing is directly crushed by a pulverizer.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first compost turning is performed when the fermentation temperature of the raw materials reaches 45-50°C.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, wheat straw is used to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the raw material to (25-30):1 before the primary fermentation. Under the premise of regulating the carbon-nitrogen ratio, the rich holes of wheat straw can provide more gas channels for the composting fermentation process and increase the air permeability. The carbon-nitrogen ratio is determined by the standard potassium dichromate-sulfuric acid method or the FLASH HT 2000 isotope ratio mass spectrometry element analyzer. The determination methods are all conventional techniques. The embodiments of the present invention do not impose any restrictions on the determination method of the carbon-nitrogen ratio.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present invention, the inoculation amount of the leavening agent is 0.015-0.02%.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fermentation agent is a composite bacterial agent prepared by mixing EM bacteria and ammonia nitrogen removal bacterial agent in a ratio of 10: (1-2). Ammonia nitrogen removal bacterial agent is generally used for sewage treatment. In the present invention, EM bacteria and ammonia nitrogen removal bacterial agent are compounded as a fermentation agent, which can convert part of ammonia nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen through nitrification during the composting process, thereby achieving the dual effects of deodorization and nitrogen fixation.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 30-45° C. during the secondary fermentation process; and the secondary fermentation time is 15-20 days.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present invention, the secondary fermentation further includes the steps of drying and crushing. The drying method includes but is not limited to natural air drying or air drying with a hair dryer. The crushing method includes but is not limited to crushing with a crusher to a particle size of less than 1 cm.

[0041] In the embodiments of the present invention, the technologies not explained here can be implemented by conventional technical means, which are not the key points of protection of the present invention and will not be described in detail.

[0042] As an example, EM bacteria was purchased from Zhengzhou Zhongxi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; and the ammonia nitrogen removal agent was purchased from Henan Daoxi Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd. The fermentation agent was a mixture of EM bacteria and the ammonia nitrogen removal agent in a mass ratio of 10:2.

[0043] The fertilizer prepared by the embodiment of the present invention can be used as soil base fertilizer for corn, wheat, soybean and vegetable planting, especially as base fertilizer for organic vegetable planting, which can greatly improve soil fertility, reduce continuous cropping diseases, reduce the application amount of chemical fertilizers, thereby reducing non-point source pollution and increasing vegetable yields.

[0044] Examples 1-5

[0045] A method for preparing organic fermented fertilizer based on livestock and poultry excrement comprises the following steps: selecting fresh and virus-free pig manure as compost raw material, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1 with crushed wheat straw, controlling the water content to 65%, inoculating a fermentation agent (inoculation amount 0.015-0.02%), adding composite Chinese medicine residue, biomass charcoal and modified bentonite for primary fermentation; turning the compost for the first time when the temperature reaches 50°C, adding humic acid and ferrous sulfate during the first turning process, and performing secondary fermentation after uniform mixing; monitoring the temperature of the compost body in real time during the second fermentation process, turning the compost and ventilating the compost whenever the temperature reaches 45°C, and completing the fermentation after 17 days; and naturally air-drying the compost after the fermentation is completed and then crushing the compost to a particle size of less than 1 cm by a pulverizer.

[0046] The composite Chinese medicinal residue comprises 10 parts of wormwood, 10 parts of atractylodes, 10 parts of isatis indigotica and 70 parts of garlic straws by weight; based on the dry weight of the compost raw materials, the addition amount of the composite Chinese medicinal residue is 10-15wt.%, the addition amount of the biomass charcoal is 2-3.5wt.%, the addition amount of the modified bentonite is 5-7wt.%, the addition amount of the humic acid is 5-8wt.%, and the addition amount of the ferrous sulfate is 0.5-1wt.%. The specific raw material compositions of Examples 1-5 are shown in Table 1.

[0047] Table 1 Compost material composition of Examples 1 to 5

[0048]

[0049] In Examples 1 to 5, nitrogen loss detection was performed after the fermentation was completed, the nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen contents were recorded, and the total nitrogen loss rate was calculated. The concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gases were detected on the 10th day of fermentation (generally, the concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were higher on the 7th to 10th day, so the 10th day was selected for detection).

[0050] Among them, the detection method of water-soluble nitrate nitrogen adopts ultraviolet spectrophotometer colorimetry; the detection method of ammonium nitrogen content adopts indophenol blue colorimetry;

[0051] Water-soluble nitrate nitrogen growth rate = (water-soluble nitrate nitrogen content after fermentation - water-soluble nitrate nitrogen content before fermentation) / water-soluble nitrate nitrogen content before fermentation × 100%;

[0052] Water-soluble ammonium nitrogen growth rate = (water-soluble ammonium nitrogen content after fermentation - water-soluble ammonium nitrogen content before fermentation) / water-soluble ammonium nitrogen content before fermentation × 100%;

[0053] Total nitrogen loss rate = [1-(nitrogen content of dry matter after fermentation × total amount of dry matter after fermentation) / (nitrogen content of dry matter before fermentation × total amount of dry matter after fermentation)] × 100%;

[0054] The concentration of ammonia gas was determined by boric acid absorption acid titration method; the concentration of hydrogen sulfide was determined by zinc ammine complex absorption colorimetry;

[0055] Seed germination index (GI) = (germination rate (%) of treatment × root length of treatment) / (germination rate (%) of blank × root length of blank).

[0056] The calculation and test results are shown in Table 2.

[0057] Table 2

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] Although the odor of composting comes from more than just ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are representative gases of the odor source, and detecting the concentration of these two gases can also reflect the deodorization effect to a certain extent; from the comprehensive data in Table 2, the composting method of Example 4 has the best effect.

[0061] Comparative Example 1

[0062] A method for preparing organic fermented fertilizer based on livestock and poultry excrement comprises the following steps: selecting fresh and virus-free pig manure as compost raw material, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1 with crushed wheat straw, controlling the water content to 65%, inoculating a fermentation agent (inoculation amount 0.018%), adding biochar and modified bentonite for primary fermentation; turning the compost for the first time when the temperature reaches 50°C, adding humic acid and ferrous sulfate during the first turning process, and performing secondary fermentation after uniform mixing; monitoring the temperature of the compost body in real time during the second fermentation process, turning the compost and ventilating the compost whenever the temperature reaches 45°C, and completing the fermentation after 20 days; and naturally air-drying the compost after the fermentation is completed and then crushing it with a pulverizer to a particle size of less than 1 cm.

[0063] Based on the dry mass of the compost raw materials, the added amount of the biochar is 2.5wt.%, the added amount of the modified bentonite is 5wt.%, the added amount of the humic acid is 7wt.%, and the added amount of the ferrous sulfate is 0.6wt.%.

[0064] Comparative Example 2

[0065] A method for preparing organic fermented fertilizer based on livestock and poultry excrement comprises the following steps: selecting fresh and virus-free pig manure as compost raw material, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1 with crushed wheat straw, controlling the water content to 65%, inoculating a fermentation agent (inoculation amount 0.018%), adding composite Chinese medicine residues and modified bentonite for primary fermentation; turning the compost for the first time when the temperature reaches 50°C, adding humic acid and ferrous sulfate during the first turning process, and performing secondary fermentation after uniform mixing; monitoring the temperature of the compost body in real time during the second fermentation process, turning the compost and ventilating the compost whenever the temperature reaches 45°C, and completing the fermentation after 17 days; and naturally air-drying the compost after the fermentation is completed and then crushing the compost with a crusher to a particle size of less than 1 cm.

[0066] The composite Chinese medicinal residue comprises 10 parts of wormwood leaves, 10 parts of atractylodes lancea, 10 parts of isatis indigotica leaves and 70 parts of garlic straws in parts by weight; based on the dry mass of the compost raw materials, the added amount of the composite Chinese medicinal residue is 12wt.%; the added amount of the modified bentonite is 5wt.%; the added amount of the humic acid is 7wt.%; and the added amount of the ferrous sulfate is 0.6wt.%.

[0067] Comparative Example 3

[0068] A method for preparing organic fermented fertilizer based on livestock and poultry excrement comprises the following steps: selecting fresh and virus-free pig manure as compost raw material, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1 with crushed wheat straw, controlling the water content to 65%, inoculating a fermentation agent (inoculation amount 0.018%), adding composite Chinese medicine residues and biomass charcoal for primary fermentation; turning the compost for the first time when the temperature reaches 50°C, adding humic acid and ferrous sulfate during the first turning process, and performing secondary fermentation after uniform mixing; monitoring the temperature of the compost body in real time during the second fermentation process, turning the compost and ventilating the compost whenever the temperature reaches 45°C, and completing the fermentation after 19 days; and naturally air-drying the compost after the fermentation is completed and then crushing the compost with a pulverizer to a particle size of less than 1 cm.

[0069] The composite Chinese medicinal residue comprises 10 parts of wormwood, 10 parts of atractylodes, 10 parts of isatis indigotica and 70 parts of garlic straws in parts by weight; based on the dry mass of the compost raw materials, the added amount of the composite Chinese medicinal residue is 12wt.%; the added amount of the biomass charcoal is 2.5wt.%; the added amount of the humic acid is 7wt.%; and the added amount of the ferrous sulfate is 0.6wt.%.

[0070] Comparative Example 4

[0071] A method for preparing organic fermented fertilizer based on livestock and poultry excrement comprises the following steps: selecting fresh and virus-free pig manure as compost raw material, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1 with crushed wheat straw, controlling the water content to 65%, inoculating a fermentation agent (inoculation amount 0.018%), adding composite Chinese medicine residue, biomass charcoal and modified bentonite for primary fermentation; turning the compost for the first time when the temperature reaches 50°C, adding ferrous sulfate during the first turning process, and performing secondary fermentation after uniform mixing; monitoring the temperature of the compost body in real time during the second fermentation process, turning the compost and ventilating the compost whenever the temperature reaches 45°C, and completing the fermentation after 20 days; and naturally air-drying the compost after the fermentation is completed and then crushing the compost to a particle size of less than 1 cm with a pulverizer.

[0072] The composite Chinese medicinal residue comprises 10 parts of wormwood, 10 parts of atractylodes, 10 parts of isatis indigotica and 70 parts of garlic straws in parts by weight; based on the dry mass of the compost raw materials, the added amount of the composite Chinese medicinal residue is 12wt.%; the added amount of the biomass charcoal is 2.5wt.%; the added amount of the modified bentonite is 5wt.%; and the added amount of ferrous sulfate is 0.6wt.%.

[0073] Comparative Example 5

[0074] A method for preparing organic fermented fertilizer based on livestock and poultry excrement comprises the following steps: selecting fresh and virus-free pig manure as compost raw material, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1 with crushed wheat straw, controlling the water content to 65%, inoculating a fermentation agent (inoculation amount 0.018%), adding composite Chinese medicine residue, biomass charcoal and modified bentonite for primary fermentation; turning the compost for the first time when the temperature reaches 50°C, adding humic acid during the first turning process, and performing secondary fermentation after uniform mixing; monitoring the temperature of the compost body in real time during the second fermentation process, turning the compost and ventilating the compost whenever the temperature reaches 45°C, and completing fermentation after 18 days; and naturally air-drying the compost after fermentation and then crushing it with a pulverizer to a particle size of less than 1 cm.

[0075] The composite Chinese medicinal residue comprises 10 parts of wormwood, 10 parts of atractylodes, 10 parts of isatis indigotica and 70 parts of garlic straws in parts by weight; based on the dry mass of the compost raw materials, the added amount of the composite Chinese medicinal residue is 12wt.%; the added amount of the biomass charcoal is 2.5wt.%; the added amount of the modified bentonite is 5wt.%; and the added amount of the humic acid is 7wt.%.

[0076] Comparative Example 6

[0077] A method for preparing organic fermented fertilizer based on livestock and poultry excrement comprises the following steps: selecting fresh and virus-free pig manure as compost raw material, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1 with crushed wheat straw, controlling the water content to 65%, inoculating a fermentation agent (inoculation amount 0.01%), adding composite Chinese medicine residue, biomass charcoal and modified bentonite for primary fermentation; turning the compost for the first time when the temperature reaches 50°C, adding humic acid and ferrous sulfate during the first turning process, and performing secondary fermentation after uniform mixing; monitoring the temperature of the compost body in real time during the second fermentation process, turning the compost and ventilating the compost whenever the temperature reaches 45°C, and completing the fermentation after 21 days; and naturally air-drying the compost after the fermentation is completed and then crushing the compost with a pulverizer to a particle size of less than 1 cm.

[0078] The composite Chinese medicinal residue comprises 10 parts of wormwood, 10 parts of atractylodes, 10 parts of isatis indigotica and 70 parts of garlic straws in parts by weight; based on the dry mass of the compost raw materials, the added amount of the composite Chinese medicinal residue is 12wt.%; the added amount of the biomass charcoal is 2.5wt.%; the added amount of the modified bentonite is 5wt.%; the added amount of the humic acid is 7wt.%; and the added amount of the ferrous sulfate is 0.6wt.%.

[0079] Comparative Example 7

[0080] A method for preparing organic fermented fertilizer based on livestock and poultry excrement comprises the following steps: selecting fresh and virus-free pig manure as compost raw material, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1 with crushed wheat straw, controlling the water content to 65%, inoculating a fermentation agent with an inoculation amount of 0.018%, and performing fermentation; turning the compost for the first time when the temperature reaches 50°C, and continuing fermentation; monitoring the compost temperature in real time during fermentation; turning the compost and ventilating the compost whenever the temperature reaches 45°C; and completing fermentation after 30 minutes; naturally drying the compost during fermentation and then crushing it with a pulverizer to a particle size of less than 1 cm.

[0081] After the completion of Comparative Examples 1 to 7, nitrogen loss detection was performed, the nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen contents were recorded, and the nitrogen loss rate was calculated. The concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gases were detected on the 7th day of fermentation. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0082] Table 3

[0083]

[0084] From the data comparison of Table 3 and Table 2, it can be seen that the content of nitrate nitrogen in Examples 1-5 of the present invention is much higher than that in Comparative Examples 1-7, and the content of ammonium nitrogen is lower than that in Comparative Examples 1-7, indicating that the conversion rate of nitrogen from ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in Examples 1-5 of the present invention is improved. Since the content of ammonium nitrogen is reduced and the content of nitrate nitrogen is increased, the nitrogen loss rate is also reduced, and the nitrogen loss rate in Examples 1-5 can be reduced to less than 11%. During the composting process, the ammonia concentration and hydrogen sulfide gas concentration of Examples 1-5 are also significantly lower than those of Comparative Examples 1-7.

[0085] Application Examples

[0086] The compost of Example 4 and Comparative Example 7 (conventional composting technology) was used as base fertilizer to plant tomatoes. A greenhouse plot where tomatoes were planted for two consecutive years was selected for the experiment.

[0087] The planting method is as follows:

[0088] (1) Land preparation and fertilization: The soil is plowed and dried in autumn, and the plowing depth is about 30 cm. When fertilizing, 1000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer (Example 4 and Comparative Example 7) can be applied per mu, and 50 kg of superphosphate can be added, combined with plowing and fertilizer soil mixing, the plowing depth is 25-30 cm, and then leveled to make a ridge. The ridge is about 80 cm wide, about 16-24 cm high, and the furrow width is about 33 cm.

[0089] (2) Seedling raising and transplanting: Sow seeds on the seedbed at a rate of 30 g / m2. Water appropriately after sowing to keep the soil moist. Keep the temperature at 22-28°C after sowing, and the seeds will germinate after about 3-4 days. Transplant tomato seedlings when the temperature is above 15°C, the ground temperature is above 10°C, and the weather is sunny or slightly cloudy. Water appropriately before transplanting, and water and fertilize in time after transplanting to promote root growth and the growth and development of the aboveground parts.

[0090] (3) Field management: Field management also includes timely weeding, soil loosening and irrigation to keep the soil moist but avoid waterlogging.

[0091] (4) Pest and disease control: Tomatoes are susceptible to a variety of pests and diseases, such as aphids and powdery mildew. The control method is to maintain ventilation and light transmission, combined with conventional biological pesticides for control.

[0092] (5) Harvesting and storage.

[0093] After harvesting, the tomato plot planted in Example 4 has an acreage yield of 3624 kg / acre, while the tomato plot planted in Comparative Example 7 has an acreage yield of 2943 kg / acre. It can be seen that compared with Comparative Example 7, the organic fertilizer in Example 4 has a significant effect on resisting the tomato disease and increasing the yield.

[0094] The above are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing organic fermented fertilizer based on livestock and poultry manure, characterized in that: Fresh, virus-free livestock and poultry manure is selected as the compost raw material. After inoculation with the fermentation agent, composite Chinese medicine residue, biomass charcoal and modified bentonite are added for primary fermentation. Humic acid and ferrous sulfate are added during the first turning process, and after mixing evenly, secondary fermentation is carried out. The composite Chinese medicinal residue comprises wormwood leaf, atractylodes lancea, isatis indigotica leaf and garlic straw; based on the dry mass of the compost raw materials, the added amount of the composite Chinese medicinal residue is 10-15wt.%, the added amount of the biochar is 2-3.5wt.%, the added amount of the modified bentonite is 5-7wt.%, the added amount of the humic acid is 5-8wt.%, and the added amount of ferrous sulfate is 0.5-1wt.%.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first turning of the compost is when the fermentation temperature of the raw materials reaches 45-50°C.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before the primary fermentation, wheat straw is used to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the raw material to (25-30):

1.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inoculation amount of the leavening agent is 0.015-0.02%.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation agent is a composite bacterial agent prepared by mixing EM bacteria and an ammonia nitrogen removal bacterial agent in a mass ratio of 10: (1-2).

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass proportion of garlic straw in the composite traditional Chinese medicine residue is not less than 50%.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the secondary fermentation process, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 30-45°C; the secondary fermentation time is 15-20 days.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises the steps of drying and crushing after the secondary fermentation.

9. An organic fermented fertilizer prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Use of the organic fermented fertilizer as claimed in claim 9 in improving soil fertility and crop yield.

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