Device and method for spontaneous recovery of waste heat of hydrogen fuel cell under polar environment condition

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for spontaneously recovering waste heat of a hydrogen fuel cell under a polar environment condition, and belongs to the technical field of energy recycling under the polar environment condition. The device comprises a cabin body, and a filtering device, an emergency lighting device, an energy storage cell and a hydrogen fuel cell power generation module which are arranged in the cabin body, the waste heat spontaneous recovery device is installed on the side wall of the cabin body and comprises an isolation hood, an arc-shaped track pipe, a sealing pipe and a base. According to the invention, the evaporation chamber and the condensation chamber can be driven to rotate by evaporation and condensation of a working medium under the condition of no power, so that the evaporation chamber and the condensation chamber are in contact with the first piezoelectric ceramic and the second piezoelectric ceramic in succession, the strong magnetic piston block is pushed to rotate, and the waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell is recovered; the functions of pressure difference emergency lighting, energy storage battery charging and oxygen supply for the hydrogen fuel cell through compressed gas are achieved. The device is simple in structure and easy to control, and efficient and stable operation is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy recovery and utilization under polar environmental conditions, and specifically relates to a device and method for spontaneously recovering waste heat of a hydrogen fuel cell under polar environmental conditions. Background Art

[0002] The South and North Poles are the coldest regions on Earth due to their high altitudes, thin air and extensive ice and snow cover. This unique polar environment makes it an ideal place for scientific expeditions, astronomical observations and environmental experiments, and has therefore attracted many countries to establish scientific research stations in the South and North Poles. However, the extreme environment poses a more severe challenge to the supply of clean energy.

[0003] At present, most scientific research stations rely on diesel generators for power generation, which will cause more fuel and pollution problems in the polar environment. Hydrogen fuel cells are expected to replace diesel generators because of their high power generation efficiency, no pollution, and low noise. However, hydrogen fuel cells are a power generation device that uses electrochemical reactions. During the power generation process, a large amount of high-temperature waste heat is generated. In order to effectively utilize this part of the high-temperature waste heat, the solution is to use waste heat recovery technology to improve power generation efficiency and reliability based on the low temperature of the polar environment. By capturing the waste heat generated by hydrogen fuel cells and converting it into reusable energy, energy waste can be reduced and equipment life can be extended. This technology can not only improve the performance of the power generation system, but also reduce operating costs. Therefore, for the Antarctic research station, a clean energy power generation system using waste heat recovery technology can help meet the challenges in extreme environments. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, solve the technical problem of recycling and reusing the high-temperature waste heat generated by the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen fuel cells under polar environmental conditions, and provide a device and method for spontaneously recycling waste heat of hydrogen fuel cells under polar environmental conditions. Based on the characteristics of low polar environmental temperature, the present invention uses a large temperature difference to increase the rate of alternating evaporation and condensation of the heat exchange medium, thereby quickly driving the rotation of the evaporation chamber and the condensation chamber, so that the evaporation chamber and the condensation chamber are successively in contact with the first piezoelectric ceramic and the second piezoelectric ceramic, and promote the sliding of the strong magnetic piston block, which can realize the functions of waste heat recovery of equipment in polar environmental conditions, pressure difference emergency lighting, charging of energy storage batteries, and compressed gas to provide oxygen for hydrogen fuel cells.

[0005] The present invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a hydrogen fuel cell waste heat spontaneous recovery device under polar environmental conditions, which includes a cabin and a filter device, an emergency lighting device, an energy storage battery and a hydrogen fuel cell power generation module installed in the cabin, and the waste heat spontaneous recovery device is installed at the side wall of the cabin, wherein: The waste heat spontaneous recovery device comprises an isolation cover, an arc-shaped track pipe, a sealing pipe and a base. The isolation cover is installed on the outer wall of the cabin, and a through hole is provided on the outer wall of the cabin at a position corresponding to the position of the isolation cover, and the isolation cover is connected to the cabin; The base is arranged inside the cabin, and a first bracket and a second bracket are arranged on the base relatively, and the first bracket is close to one side of the isolation cover, the middle part of the sealing tube is hinged to the top of the first bracket, and the sealing tube swings back and forth around the hinge position, the middle part of the arc track tube is fixedly installed on the top of the second bracket, and a strong magnetic piston block is arranged in the arc track tube, and the strong magnetic piston block slides back and forth along the arc track tube; an air intake device and an exhaust device are respectively arranged at the pipe mouth position of the lower part of the arc track tube, and the air intake device and the exhaust device are alternately opened and closed; the air intake device is connected with one end of the air intake pipe, and the other end of the air intake pipe passes through the cabin and is exposed to the external polar environment, the exhaust device is connected with one end of the exhaust pipe, and the other end of the exhaust pipe is connected with the compressed air inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module; the air intake device sucks the air in the polar environment into the arc track tube, and the strong magnetic piston block and the bottom of the inner cavity of the arc track tube are set as a closed cavity, and the gas sucked in the closed cavity is compressed by the strong magnetic piston block, and then the compressed air is transported to the compressed air inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module through the exhaust device and the exhaust pipe; The sealed tube is filled with a room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium, the sealed tube passes through a through hole provided on the outer wall of the cabin, and a condensation chamber is provided at the end of the sealed tube located in the isolation cover, and an evaporation chamber is provided at the end of the sealed tube located in the cabin, the condensation chamber, the sealed tube and the evaporation chamber are interconnected, a strong magnetic magnet is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the evaporation chamber, and the strong magnetic magnet and the strong magnetic piston block are non-contact magnetically attracted; the evaporation chamber is used to absorb high-temperature waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module, and the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium in the evaporation chamber is heated and evaporates along the sealed tube to the condensation chamber, and the gaseous working medium in the condensation chamber is cooled and condensed into droplets and then falls back into the evaporation chamber; In the inner cavity of the isolation cover, a first piezoelectric ceramic is arranged at the end position of the upper stroke of the condensation chamber, and in the inner cavity of the cabin body, a second piezoelectric ceramic is arranged at the end position of the upper stroke of the evaporation chamber. The first piezoelectric ceramic and the second piezoelectric ceramic are electrically connected to the filter device through wires, respectively, and the filter device is electrically connected to the emergency lighting device and the energy storage battery through wires.

[0006] Furthermore, the isolation cover is embedded and fixedly installed on the outer side wall of the cabin body.

[0007] Furthermore, a heat-insulating flexible telescopic tube is arranged between the lower edge of the through hole on the outer side wall of the cabin body and the sealing tube.

[0008] Furthermore, the outside of the evaporation chamber is wrapped with a heat absorption layer, and the outside of the condensation chamber is wrapped with a heat dissipation layer.

[0009] Furthermore, the materials of the isolation cover, the heat dissipation layer and the heat absorption layer are all transparent materials.

[0010] Furthermore, flagella are arranged on the inner wall at the lower part of the inner cavity of the condensation chamber, the root of the flagella is hard and the tip is soft, and the closer the flagella are to the sealing tube, the shorter they are.

[0011] Furthermore, the air intake device is a one-way air intake valve, and the air exhaust device is a one-way air exhaust valve.

[0012] The method for spontaneously recovering waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell under polar environmental conditions using the above-mentioned device comprises the following steps: S1. In the initial state, the condensation chamber is located at the end position of the upper stroke, and the condensation chamber is in contact with the first piezoelectric ceramic. As the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working fluid in the evaporation chamber captures the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module, the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working fluid is heated and evaporated into a gaseous state and evaporated along the sealed tube to the condensation chamber. The weight of the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working fluid in the evaporation chamber gradually decreases, and the gaseous working fluid in the condensation chamber is cooled and condensed into droplets. The weight of the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working fluid in the condensation chamber gradually increases, thereby driving the sealed tube to rotate counterclockwise around the hinge position; at the same time, the exhaust device is closed and the air intake device is turned on. During the rotation of the sealed tube, the strong magnetic piston block in the arc track tube is driven by the strong magnetic magnet to slide synchronously in the counterclockwise direction. The air outside the cabin is sucked into the closed cavity of the arc track tube through the air intake pipe and the air intake device. The air intake process in the closed cavity begins, and the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module preheats the air sucked into the closed cavity; S2, when the evaporation chamber rotates to the upper stroke end position, the evaporation chamber contacts the second piezoelectric ceramic, and the direct current generated by the second piezoelectric ceramic is transmitted to the filter device through the wire for filtering, and the filtered direct current is transmitted to the energy storage battery for charging, and the filtered direct current is transmitted to the emergency lighting device for lighting; at the same time, the condensation chamber is at the lower stroke end position, at this time, the outdoor polar low temperature environment reduces the wall temperature of the condensation chamber through the isolation cover and the heat dissipation layer in the form of cold radiation, so that the gaseous working medium in the condensation chamber is condensed, and at the same time, the flagella eject part of the liquid working medium droplets back to the evaporation chamber, accelerating the reflux of the liquid working medium, thereby driving the sealing tube to rotate in a clockwise direction around the hinge position, at this time, the air intake device and the exhaust device are all closed, and the process of compressing the gas volume in the closed cavity begins; S3. When the evaporation chamber rotates to the lower stroke end position again, the exhaust device is turned on and the air intake device is turned off, and the exhaust process in the closed cavity begins. The preheated high-pressure gas is sent to the compressed gas intake port of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module through the exhaust device and the exhaust pipe, and is used for the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module to generate electricity; at this time, the condensation chamber is located at the upper stroke end position and contacts the first piezoelectric ceramic again. The direct current generated by the first piezoelectric ceramic is transmitted to the filter device through the wire for filtering, and the filtered direct current is transmitted to the energy storage battery for charging, and at the same time, the filtered direct current is transmitted to the emergency lighting device for lighting; S4. Repeat the above steps S1 to S3 to complete the spontaneous recovery of waste heat from hydrogen fuel cells under polar environmental conditions.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: Based on the low temperature of polar environments, the present invention utilizes the evaporation and condensation of working fluids and is particularly suitable for spontaneous recovery of waste heat from hydrogen fuel cells in polar environments, thereby achieving the functions of pressure difference emergency lighting, charging energy storage batteries, and compressing gas to provide oxygen for hydrogen fuel cells. The device has the advantages of novel structure, simple control, and fast response. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention (hydrogen fuel cell power generation module is omitted); Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the air suction process of the closed cavity in the arc-shaped track tube of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the compression process of the closed cavity in the arc-shaped track tube of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the exhaust process of the closed cavity in the arc track tube of the present invention.

[0015] In the figure, 1 is a cabin, 2 is an isolation cover, 3 is an insulating flexible telescopic tube, 4 is a first bracket, 5 is a flagellum, 6 is a heat dissipation layer, 7 is a condensation chamber, 8 is a first piezoelectric ceramic, 9 is a filtering device, 10 is an emergency lighting device, 11 is a wire, 12 is a second piezoelectric ceramic, 13 is an arc track tube, 14 is a second bracket, 15 is an exhaust device, 16 is an air intake device, 17 is a strong magnetic magnet, 18 is an evaporation chamber, 19 is a heat absorption layer, 20 is a sealing tube, 21 is a strong magnetic piston block, 22 is an energy storage battery, 23 is a base, 24 is an exhaust pipe, 25 is a hydrogen fuel cell power generation module, and 26 is an air intake pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0017] like Figure 1The hydrogen fuel cell waste heat spontaneous recovery device under polar environmental conditions shown in the figure comprises a cabin 1 and a filter device 9, an emergency lighting device 10, an energy storage battery 22 and a hydrogen fuel cell power generation module 25 installed in the cabin 1. The waste heat spontaneous recovery device is installed at the side wall of the cabin 1, wherein: The waste heat spontaneous recovery device comprises an isolation cover 2, an arc track pipe 13, a sealing pipe 20 and a base 23, wherein the isolation cover 2 is mounted on the outer wall of the cabin 1, and a through hole is provided on the outer wall of the cabin 1 at a position corresponding to the position of the isolation cover 2, and the isolation cover 2 is connected to the cabin 1; The base 23 is arranged inside the cabin 1, and the first bracket 4 and the second bracket 14 are arranged on the base 23 relatively, and the first bracket 4 is close to the isolation cover 2. The middle part of the sealing tube 20 is hinged to the top of the first bracket 4, and the sealing tube 20 swings back and forth around the hinge position. The middle part of the arc track tube 13 is fixedly installed on the top of the second bracket 14. A strong magnetic piston block 21 is arranged in the arc track tube 13, and the strong magnetic piston block 21 slides back and forth along the arc track tube 13; an air suction device 16 and an exhaust device 15 are respectively arranged at the pipe mouth position of the lower part of the arc track tube 13, and the air suction device 16 and the exhaust device 15 are opened and closed alternately; ... The device 16 is connected to one end of the air intake pipe 26, and the other end of the air intake pipe 26 passes through the cabin 1 and is exposed to the external polar environment. The exhaust device 15 is connected to one end of the exhaust pipe 24, and the other end of the exhaust pipe 24 is connected to the compressed air inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module 25; the air intake device 16 sucks the air in the polar environment into the arc track tube 13, and the strong magnetic piston block 21 and the bottom of the inner cavity of the arc track tube 13 are set as a closed cavity. The gas sucked in the closed cavity is compressed by the strong magnetic piston block 21, and then the compressed air is transported to the compressed air inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module 25 through the exhaust device 15 and the exhaust pipe 24; The sealed tube 20 is filled with a room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium, the sealed tube 20 passes through the through hole set on the outer wall of the cabin 1, and a condensation chamber 7 is set at the end of the sealed tube 20 located in the isolation cover 2, and an evaporation chamber 18 is set at the end of the sealed tube 20 located in the cabin 1, the condensation chamber 7, the sealed tube 20 and the evaporation chamber 18 are connected to each other, and a strong magnetic magnet 17 is fixedly set on the outer wall of the evaporation chamber 18, and the strong magnetic magnet 17 and the strong magnetic piston block 21 are non-contact magnetically attracted; the evaporation chamber 18 is used to absorb the high-temperature waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module 25, and the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium in the evaporation chamber 18 evaporates along the sealed tube 20 to the condensation chamber 7 after being heated, and the gaseous working medium in the condensation chamber 7 is condensed into droplets after being cooled and falls back into the evaporation chamber 18; on this basis, since the isolation cover 2 is in a polar low temperature environment, the temperature in the isolation cover 2 is significantly lower than the temperature in the cabin 1, which can promote the liquefaction of the gaseous working medium in the condensation chamber 7; In the inner cavity of the isolation cover 2, a first piezoelectric ceramic 8 is arranged at the end position of the stroke on the condensation chamber 7, and in the inner cavity of the cabin body 1, a second piezoelectric ceramic 12 is arranged at the end position of the stroke on the evaporation chamber 18. The first piezoelectric ceramic 8 and the second piezoelectric ceramic 12 are electrically connected to the filter device 9 through the wire 11 respectively. The filter device rectifies and filters the unstable current generated by the first piezoelectric ceramic and the second piezoelectric ceramic. The filter device 9 is electrically connected to the emergency lighting device 10 and the energy storage battery 22 through the wire respectively. The emergency lighting device is composed of a low-power LED lamp to provide emergency lighting for the hydrogen fuel cell cabin.

[0018] Furthermore, the isolation cover 2 is embedded and fixedly installed on the outer side wall of the cabin body 1.

[0019] Furthermore, a heat-insulating flexible telescopic tube 3 is provided between the lower edge of the through hole on the outer wall of the cabin body 1 and the sealing tube 20 .

[0020] Furthermore, the evaporation chamber 18 is wrapped with a heat absorption layer 19 on the outside, which can further improve the efficiency of heat absorption and evaporation of the self-evaporating liquid working medium at room temperature; the condensation chamber 7 is wrapped with a heat dissipation layer 6 on the outside, which can further improve the efficiency of heat dissipation and condensation of the gaseous working medium.

[0021] Furthermore, the materials of the isolation cover 2, the heat dissipation layer 6 and the heat absorption layer 19 are all transparent materials.

[0022] Furthermore, flagella 5 are arranged on the inner wall at the lower part of the inner cavity of the condensation chamber 7. The root of the flagella 5 is hard and the tip is soft, and the closer the flagella 5 is to the sealing tube 20, the shorter the length is, which is conducive to the liquid working medium droplets being ejected back to the evaporation section and accelerating the reflux of the liquid working medium.

[0023] Furthermore, the air intake device 16 is a one-way air intake valve, and the air exhaust device 15 is a one-way air exhaust valve.

[0024] like Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the method for spontaneously recovering waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell under polar environmental conditions using the above-mentioned device comprises the following steps: S1. In the initial state, the condensation chamber 7 is located at the end position of the upper stroke, and the condensation chamber 7 is in contact with the first piezoelectric ceramic 8. As the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium in the evaporation chamber 18 captures the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module 25, the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium is heated and evaporates into gas and evaporates along the sealing tube 20 to the condensation chamber 7. The weight of the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium in the evaporation chamber 18 gradually decreases, and the gaseous working medium in the condensation chamber 7 is cooled and condensed into droplets. The weight of the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium in the condensation chamber 7 gradually increases, thereby driving The dynamic sealing tube 20 rotates counterclockwise around the hinge position; at the same time, the exhaust device 15 is closed and the air intake device 16 is opened. During the rotation of the sealing tube 20, the strong magnetic piston block 21 in the arc track tube 13 is driven by the strong magnetic magnet 17 to slide synchronously in the counterclockwise direction, and the air outside the cabin 1 is sucked into the closed cavity of the arc track tube 13 through the air intake pipe 26 and the air intake device 16. The air intake process in the closed cavity begins, and the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module 25 preheats the air sucked into the closed cavity; S2, when the evaporation chamber 18 rotates to the upper stroke end position, the evaporation chamber 18 contacts the second piezoelectric ceramic 12, and the direct current generated by the second piezoelectric ceramic 12 is transmitted to the filter device 9 through the wire 11 for filtering, and the filtered direct current is transmitted to the energy storage battery 22 for charging, and the filtered direct current is transmitted to the emergency lighting device 10 for lighting; at the same time, the condensation chamber 7 is located at the lower stroke end position, at this time, the outdoor polar low temperature environment reduces the wall temperature of the condensation chamber 7 through the isolation cover 2 and the heat dissipation layer 6 in the form of cold radiation, so that the gaseous working medium in the condensation chamber condenses, and at the same time, the flagellum 5 ejects part of the liquid working medium droplets back to the evaporation chamber 18, accelerating the reflux of the liquid working medium, thereby driving the sealing tube 20 to rotate in a clockwise direction around the hinge position, at this time, the air intake device 16 and the exhaust device 15 are all closed, and the process of compressing the gas volume in the closed cavity begins; S3, when the evaporation chamber 18 rotates to the lower stroke end position again, the exhaust device 15 is turned on, the air intake device 16 is turned off, and the exhaust process in the closed cavity begins. The preheated high-pressure gas is sent to the compressed gas intake port of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module 25 through the exhaust device 15 and the exhaust pipe 24, and is used for the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module 25 to operate and generate electricity; at this time, the condensation chamber 7 is located at the upper stroke end position and contacts the first piezoelectric ceramic 8 again, and the direct current generated by the first piezoelectric ceramic 8 is transmitted to the filter device 9 through the wire 11 for filtering, and the filtered direct current is transmitted to the energy storage battery 22 for charging, and at the same time, the filtered direct current is transmitted to the emergency lighting device 10 for lighting; S4. Repeat the above steps S1 to S3 to complete the spontaneous recovery of waste heat from hydrogen fuel cells under polar environmental conditions.

[0025] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell waste heat spontaneous recovery device under polar environmental conditions, comprising a cabin (1) and a filter device (9), an emergency lighting device (10), an energy storage battery (22) and a hydrogen fuel cell power generation module (25) installed in the cabin (1), wherein the waste heat spontaneous recovery device is installed at a side wall of the cabin (1), and is characterized in that: The waste heat spontaneous recovery device comprises an isolation cover (2), an arc-shaped track pipe (13), a sealing pipe (20) and a base (23); the isolation cover (2) is mounted on the outer wall of the cabin (1), and a through hole is provided on the outer wall of the cabin (1) at a position corresponding to the position of the isolation cover (2); the isolation cover (2) is in communication with the cabin (1); The base (23) is arranged inside the cabin (1), and a first bracket (4) and a second bracket (14) are arranged on the base (23) in a relative manner, and the first bracket (4) is close to one side of the isolation cover (2). The middle part of the sealing tube (20) is hinged to the top of the first bracket (4), and the sealing tube (20) swings back and forth around the hinge position. The middle part of the arc track tube (13) is fixedly installed on the top of the second bracket (14), and a strong magnetic piston block (21) is arranged in the arc track tube (13), and the strong magnetic piston block (21) slides back and forth along the arc track tube (13); an air intake device (16) and an air exhaust device (15) are respectively arranged at the pipe opening position of the lower part of the arc track tube (13), and the air intake device (16) and the air exhaust device (15) are opened and closed alternately. The air intake device (16) is connected to one end of the air intake pipe (26), the other end of the air intake pipe (26) passes through the cabin (1) and is exposed to the external polar environment, the air exhaust device (15) is connected to one end of the exhaust pipe (24), the other end of the exhaust pipe (24) is connected to the compressed air inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module (25); the air intake device (16) sucks air in the polar environment into the arc track tube (13), the strong magnetic piston block (21) and the bottom of the inner cavity of the arc track tube (13) are set as a closed cavity, the strong magnetic piston block (21) compresses the gas sucked into the closed cavity, and then the compressed air is transported to the compressed air inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module (25) through the exhaust device (15) and the exhaust pipe (24); The sealed tube (20) is filled with a room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium. The sealed tube (20) passes through a through hole provided on the outer wall of the cabin (1). A condensation chamber (7) is provided at the end of the sealed tube (20) located in the isolation cover (2). An evaporation chamber (18) is provided at the end of the sealed tube (20) located in the cabin (1). The condensation chamber (7), the sealed tube (20) and the evaporation chamber (18) are interconnected. A strong magnetic magnet (17) is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the evaporation chamber (18). The strong magnetic magnet (17) and the strong magnetic piston block (21) are non-contact magnetically attracted. The evaporation chamber (18) is used to absorb high temperature waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module (25). After being heated, the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium in the evaporation chamber (18) evaporates along the sealed tube (20) to the condensation chamber (7). The gaseous working medium in the condensation chamber (7) is cooled and condensed into liquid droplets and then falls back into the evaporation chamber (18). In the inner cavity of the isolation cover (2), a first piezoelectric ceramic (8) is arranged at a stroke end position of the condensation chamber (7), and in the inner cavity of the cabin body (1), a second piezoelectric ceramic (12) is arranged at a stroke end position of the evaporation chamber (18). The first piezoelectric ceramic (8) and the second piezoelectric ceramic (12) are respectively electrically connected to a filter device (9) via a wire (11), and the filter device (9) is respectively electrically connected to an emergency lighting device (10) and an energy storage battery (22) via a wire.

2. The device for spontaneously recovering waste heat from hydrogen fuel cells under polar environmental conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The isolation cover (2) is embedded and fixedly mounted on the outer side wall of the cabin body (1).

3. The device for spontaneously recovering waste heat from hydrogen fuel cells under polar environmental conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A heat-insulating flexible telescopic tube (3) is provided between the lower edge of the through hole on the outer wall of the cabin (1) and the sealing tube (20).

4. The device for spontaneously recovering waste heat from hydrogen fuel cells under polar environmental conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outside of the evaporation chamber (18) is wrapped with a heat absorption layer (19), and the outside of the condensation chamber (7) is wrapped with a heat dissipation layer (6).

5. The device for spontaneously recovering waste heat from hydrogen fuel cells under polar environmental conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The materials of the isolation cover (2), the heat dissipation layer (6) and the heat absorption layer (19) are all transparent materials.

6. The device for spontaneously recovering waste heat from hydrogen fuel cells under polar environmental conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Flagella (5) are arranged on the inner wall at the lower part of the inner cavity of the condensation chamber (7). The root of the flagella (5) is hard and the tip is soft. The closer the flagella (5) is to the sealing tube (20), the shorter the length is.

7. The device for spontaneously recovering waste heat from hydrogen fuel cells under polar environmental conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The air intake device (16) is a one-way air intake valve, and the air exhaust device (15) is a one-way air exhaust valve.

8. A method for spontaneously recovering waste heat from a hydrogen fuel cell under polar environmental conditions using the device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. In the initial state, the condensation chamber (7) is located at the end position of the upper stroke, and the condensation chamber (7) is in contact with the first piezoelectric ceramic (8). As the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium in the evaporation chamber (18) captures the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module (25), the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium is heated and evaporates into a gaseous state and evaporates along the sealing tube (20) to the condensation chamber (7). The weight of the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium in the evaporation chamber (18) gradually decreases, and the gaseous working medium in the condensation chamber (7) is cooled and condensed into liquid droplets. The weight of the room temperature self-evaporating liquid working medium in the condensation chamber (7) gradually increases, thereby driving the sealed chamber (20). The sealing tube (20) rotates counterclockwise around the hinged position; at the same time, the exhaust device (15) is closed and the air intake device (16) is opened. During the rotation of the sealing tube (20), the strong magnetic piston block (21) in the arc track tube (13) is driven by the strong magnetic magnet (17) to slide synchronously in the counterclockwise direction. The air outside the cabin (1) is sucked into the closed cavity of the arc track tube (13) through the air intake pipe (26) and the air intake device (16). The air intake process in the closed cavity begins, and the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module (25) preheats the air sucked into the closed cavity. S2, when the evaporation chamber (18) rotates to the upper stroke end position, the evaporation chamber (18) contacts the second piezoelectric ceramic (12), and the direct current generated by the second piezoelectric ceramic (12) is transmitted to the filter device (9) through the wire (11) for filtering. The filtered direct current is transmitted to the energy storage battery (22) for charging, and the filtered direct current is transmitted to the emergency lighting device (10) for lighting. At the same time, the condensation chamber (7) is located at the lower stroke end position. At this time, the outdoor polar low temperature environment reduces the wall temperature of the condensation chamber (7) through the isolation cover (2) and the heat dissipation layer (6) in the form of cold radiation, so that the gaseous working medium in the condensation chamber condenses. At the same time, the flagellum (5) ejects part of the liquid working medium droplets back to the evaporation chamber (18), accelerating the reflux of the liquid working medium, thereby driving the sealing tube (20) to rotate clockwise around the hinge position. At this time, the air intake device (16) and the exhaust device (15) are all closed, and the process of compressing the gas volume in the closed cavity begins; S3, when the evaporation chamber (18) rotates to the lower stroke end position again, the exhaust device (15) is opened, the air intake device (16) is closed, and the exhaust process in the closed cavity begins. The preheated high-pressure gas is sent to the compressed gas intake port of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module (25) through the exhaust device (15) and the exhaust pipe (24), and is used for the hydrogen fuel cell power generation module (25) to operate and generate electricity; at this time, the condensation chamber (7) is located at the upper stroke end position and contacts the first piezoelectric ceramic (8) again, and the direct current generated by the first piezoelectric ceramic (8) is transmitted to the filter device (9) through the wire (11) for filtering, and the filtered direct current is transmitted to the energy storage battery (22) for charging, and at the same time, the filtered direct current is transmitted to the emergency lighting device (10) for lighting; S4. Repeat the above steps S1 to S3 to complete the spontaneous recovery of waste heat from hydrogen fuel cells under polar environmental conditions.

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