Thermal diffusion smoke exhaust channel structure capable of being accurately positioned and automatically opened

Abstract

The invention relates to a thermal diffusion smoke exhaust channel structure capable of being accurately positioned and automatically opened, which comprises a module carrier and a plurality of protection assemblies, the module carrier is provided with a plurality of mounting cavities for mounting battery cells, the outer wall of the module body is provided with a plurality of openings communicated with the mounting cavities, and the protection assemblies are arranged on the module carrier. Each of the plurality of protection assemblies comprises a protection cover and a fuse link, and the plurality of protection covers are respectively connected with the plurality of openings of the module carrier through the plurality of fuse links; when the battery cell is in a normal state, the fuse element is in a first state, and the protective cover clings to the module carrier and is used for sealing the mounting cavity, so that the influence of high-temperature gas and liquid released by the battery cell in thermal runaway on the protective cover can be avoided; when the battery cell is in thermal runaway, the anti-explosion valve on the battery cell is opened, the fusing piece is switched from the first state to the second state by high-temperature gas and liquid released by the battery cell, at the moment, the high-temperature gas and liquid are discharged from the smoke discharging channel, and meanwhile, the protective cover is arranged right opposite to the opening and can block electrolyte splashed to the upper cover of the module carrier.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery packs, and in particular to a heat diffusion smoke exhaust channel structure that can be accurately positioned and automatically opened. Background Art

[0002] At present, new energy vehicles are becoming more and more popular, and thermal safety accidents often occur on the market, posing a threat to the lives and property of passengers. Therefore, the thermal diffusion test of the battery pack of new energy vehicles is one of the mandatory safety test items, and the accuracy of the thermal diffusion test results is the only indicator to evaluate whether the design of the battery pack meets the thermal diffusion safety requirements.

[0003] There has always been a randomness in the test results of thermal runaway tests. The test results of the same batch of samples vary greatly. This is largely due to the unreasonable design of the exhaust channel, which leads to the fact that the high-temperature smoke and electrolyte are not discharged in a fixed direction after the valve is opened due to thermal runaway of the battery cell. The adjacent or relatively far-flung battery cells that have not triggered thermal runaway are affected by the high-temperature gas / liquid and thermal runaway occurs. If there are too many thermal runaway batteries, the exhaust volume will increase sharply, resulting in excessive gas pressure and gas temperature in the box, which exceeds the bearing strength of the box and causes a high-temperature melting hole in the box. The heat diffusion gas will leak from the box to the passenger compartment (the 12V battery pack is generally installed in the passenger compartment), posing a safety hazard to the driver.

[0004] In summary, the design of the smoke exhaust channel of the existing battery pack is unreasonable, and the high-temperature gas and liquid released by the thermal runaway battery cells will affect the other normal battery cells and the box. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, it is necessary to provide a heat diffusion smoke exhaust channel structure that can be accurately positioned and automatically opened to solve the problem that the smoke exhaust channel design of the existing battery pack is unreasonable and the high-temperature gas and liquid released by the thermal runaway battery cell will affect the other normal battery cells and the box.

[0006] The present invention provides a heat diffusion smoke exhaust channel structure that can be accurately positioned and automatically opened, comprising a module carrier and a plurality of protective components, wherein the module carrier is provided with a plurality of installation cavities for installing battery cells, and the outer wall of the module body is provided with a plurality of openings respectively connected with the plurality of the installation cavities, and the plurality of protective components each comprises a protective cover and a fuse, and the plurality of the protective covers are respectively connected with the plurality of openings of the module carrier via the plurality of the fuses, and the fuse has a first state and a second state, and when the fuse is in the first state, the protective cover is arranged closely to the opening of the module carrier to close the installation cavity, and when the fuse is in the second state, the protective cover is spaced apart from the opening of the module carrier, and the gap between the protective cover and the module carrier connects the installation cavity and the outside world to form a smoke exhaust channel, wherein when the battery cell thermally runs away, the explosion-proof valve thereon opens, and the fuse is switched from the first state to the second state via high-temperature gas and liquid.

[0007] Furthermore, the protective cover is an umbrella structure that gradually expands as it approaches the opening, and the maximum inner diameter of the umbrella structure is larger than the opening.

[0008] Furthermore, the fuse is a metal wire, and the protective cover is connected to the module carrier via the metal wire.

[0009] Furthermore, the metal wire is horizontally placed at the opening, one end of the metal wire is bent downward and fixedly connected to the module carrier, and the other end of the metal wire is bent upward and fixedly connected to the protective cover.

[0010] Furthermore, there are multiple metal wires, and the center parts of the multiple metal wires are overlapped.

[0011] Furthermore, the protection component also includes a crossbeam fixedly arranged at the opening, the metal wire passes around the bottom of the crossbeam and both ends of the metal wire are fixedly connected to the protection cover.

[0012] Furthermore, the protection component also includes two fixing rods fixedly arranged at the opening and arranged in parallel, the metal wire is passed around the bottom of the two fixing rods in sequence and both ends of the metal wire are fixedly connected to the protection cover.

[0013] Furthermore, the protective component also includes a first limit spring, which is arranged at a position between the protective cover and the module carrier, one end of the first limit spring is fixedly connected to the module carrier, and the other end of the first limit spring is fixedly connected to the protective cover, when the fuse is in a first state, the first limit spring is in a compressed state, and when the fuse is in a second state, the first limit spring is in a natural state.

[0014] Furthermore, there are a plurality of first limit springs, and the plurality of first limit springs are evenly arranged along the circumference of the opening.

[0015] Furthermore, the protective assembly also includes a second limit spring, which is arranged on the side of the protective cover away from the module carrier, one end of the second limit spring is fixedly connected to the module carrier, and the other end of the second limit spring is fixedly connected to the protective cover, when the fuse is in the first state, the second limit spring is in a stretched state, and when the fuse is in the second state, the second limit spring is in a natural state.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, when the battery cell located in the installation cavity of the module carrier is in a normal state, the fuse is in a first state, and the protective cover is close to the module carrier to seal the installation cavity, thereby preventing the high-temperature gas and liquid released by the battery cell in thermal runaway from affecting it; when the battery cell is in thermal runaway, the explosion-proof valve thereon opens, and the high-temperature gas and liquid released by the battery cell causes the fuse to switch from the first state to the second state. At this time, the high-temperature gas and liquid are discharged from the smoke exhaust channel. At the same time, the protective cover is arranged opposite to the opening, which can block the electrolyte splashing onto the upper cover of the module carrier, thereby preventing the upper cover from being damaged and causing leakage of the shell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic top view of the entire heat diffusion smoke exhaust channel structure that can be accurately positioned and automatically opened provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the heat diffusion smoke exhaust channel structure that can be accurately positioned and automatically opened provided by an embodiment of the present invention when the fuse is in a first state; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the heat diffusion smoke exhaust channel structure that can be accurately positioned and automatically opened provided by an embodiment of the present invention when the fuse is in the second state. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings constitute a part of this application and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0019] like Figure 1-3As shown, the present invention provides a heat diffusion smoke exhaust channel structure that can be accurately positioned and automatically opened, including a module carrier 100 and a plurality of protective components 300, the module carrier 100 has a plurality of installation cavities 110 for installing battery cells, the outer wall of the module body 100 is provided with a plurality of openings 110 respectively connected to the plurality of installation cavities 110, the plurality of protective components 300 each include a protective cover 310 and a fuse 320, the plurality of protective covers 310 are respectively connected to the plurality of openings 120 of the module carrier 100 via the plurality of fuses 320, and the fuse 320 has A first state and a second state. When the fuse 320 is in the first state, the protective cover 310 is arranged close to the opening 120 of the module carrier 100 to close the installation cavity 110. When the fuse 320 is in the second state, the protective cover 310 and the opening 120 of the module carrier 100 are spaced apart. The gap between the protective cover 310 and the module carrier 100 forms a smoke exhaust channel connecting the installation cavity 110 and the outside. When the battery cell is thermally runaway, the explosion-proof valve 200 thereon opens, and the fuse 320 is switched from the first state to the second state via high-temperature gas and liquid.

[0020] During implementation, when the battery cell located in the installation cavity 110 of the module carrier 100 is in a normal state, the fuse 320 is in a first state, and the protective cover 310 is close to the module carrier 100, for sealing the installation cavity 110, so as to prevent the high-temperature gas and liquid released by the battery cell in thermal runaway from affecting it; when the battery cell is in thermal runaway, the explosion-proof valve 200 thereon opens, and the high-temperature gas and liquid released by the battery cell causes the fuse 320 to switch from the first state to the second state. At this time, the high-temperature gas and liquid are discharged from the smoke exhaust channel. At the same time, the protective cover is arranged opposite to the opening 120, which can block the electrolyte splashing onto the upper cover of the module carrier 100, and prevent the upper cover from being damaged and causing the shell to leak.

[0021] In this embodiment, a plurality of mounting cavities 110 for mounting a plurality of battery cells are formed inside the module carrier 100 , and an opening 120 communicating with the plurality of mounting cavities 110 is formed on the outer wall of the module body 100 .

[0022] Among them, the module body 100 includes a box body and an upper cover, the box body and the upper cover are detachably connected, a plurality of installation cavities 110 are formed in the box body, and an opening 120 connected to the installation cavity 110 is formed on the inner wall of the box body, and the opening 120 is arranged at a position between the box body and the upper cover.

[0023] The multiple protection components 300 in this embodiment all include a protective cover 310 and a fuse 320. The multiple protective covers 310 are respectively connected to the multiple openings 120 of the module carrier 100 via the multiple fuses 320. The fuses 320 have a first state and a second state. When the fuses 320 are in the first state, the protective cover 310 is arranged close to the opening 120 of the module carrier 100 to close the installation cavity 110. When the fuses 320 are in the second state, the protective cover 310 is spaced apart from the opening 120 of the module carrier 100. The gap between the protective cover 310 and the module carrier 100 connects the installation cavity 110 and the outside to form a smoke exhaust channel. When the battery cell thermally runs away and the explosion-proof valve 200 is opened, the fuse 320 switches from the first state to the second state via high-temperature gas and liquid.

[0024] In one embodiment, the protective cover 310 is an umbrella structure that gradually expands near the opening 120, and the maximum inner diameter of the umbrella structure is larger than the opening 120. The opening can be set as a circular hole or an elliptical hole, which is not limited.

[0025] Of course, in other embodiments, the protective cover 310 may also be in a hemispherical shape or the like, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] It can be understood that the protective cover 310 should be made of a high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant material. The protective cover 310 can effectively block the high-temperature gas and liquid released when the battery cell has thermal runaway. The protective cover 310 corresponding to the normally operating battery cell can effectively isolate the external high-temperature gas and liquid from entering it. At the same time, the protective cover 310 corresponding to the battery cell in the thermal runaway state can guide the flow of the high-temperature gas and liquid to prevent it from flowing toward the other normally operating battery cells and splashing onto the box cover of the module carrier 100.

[0027] The provided fuse 320 can respond to the battery cell in thermal runaway and drive the protective cover 310 to operate. Specifically, when the fuse 320 is in the first state, the lip of the protective cover 310 is set close to the opening 120 of the module carrier 100, which is used to close the installation cavity 110 to protect the battery cell therein. When the fuse 320 is in the second state, the protective cover 310 is set facing the installation cavity 110, and the gap between the protective cover 310 and the module carrier 100 connects the installation cavity 110 and the outside world and forms a smoke exhaust channel for guiding the high-temperature gas and liquid released by the battery cell in thermal runaway.

[0028] In order to realize the switching of the fuse 320 between the first state and the second state, the fuse 320 in this embodiment is a metal wire, and the protective cover 310 is connected to the module carrier 100 via the metal wire.

[0029] In one embodiment, the metal wire is placed horizontally at the opening 120, one end of the metal wire is bent downward and fixedly connected to the module carrier 100, and the other end of the metal wire is bent upward and fixedly connected to the protective cover 310. There are multiple metal wires, and the central parts of the multiple metal wires are overlapped. The high-temperature gas and liquid released by the thermal runaway battery cell impact the central parts of the multiple metal wires. When the central parts of the metal wires break at high temperature, the protective cover 310 moves in the direction away from the battery cell under the thrust of the high-temperature gas and liquid until the above-mentioned smoke exhaust channel is formed.

[0030] In another embodiment, the protection assembly 300 further includes a crossbeam fixedly disposed at the opening 120, and the metal wire passes around the bottom of the crossbeam and both ends thereof are fixedly connected to the protection cover 310. The crossbeam and the metal wire are disposed perpendicularly to each other, and under the tension of the metal wire, the protection cover 310 is disposed closely to the module carrier 100.

[0031] In yet another embodiment, the protection assembly 300 further includes two fixing rods fixedly disposed at the opening 120 and arranged in parallel, the metal wire sequentially passes around the bottom of the two fixing rods and both ends of the metal wire are fixedly connected to the protection cover 310 .

[0032] Of course, in other embodiments, the metal wire may also be used to connect the protective cover 310 and the module carrier 100 in other ways, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] In order to limit the position of the protective cover 310, in one embodiment, the protective assembly 300 also includes a first limit spring 330, and the first limit spring 330 is arranged at a position between the protective cover 310 and the module carrier 100 (box body). One end of the first limit spring 330 is fixedly connected to the module carrier 100 (box body), and the other end of the first limit spring 330 is fixedly connected to the protective cover 310. When the fuse 320 is in the first state, the first limit spring 330 is in a compressed state, and when the fuse 320 is in the second state, the first limit spring 330 is in a natural state.

[0034] There are multiple first limit springs 330 , and the multiple first limit springs 330 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the opening 120 .

[0035] In another embodiment, the protective assembly 300 also includes a second limit spring, which is arranged on the side of the protective cover 310 away from the module carrier 100 (box body), one end of the second limit spring is fixedly connected to the module carrier 100 (cover body), and the other end of the second limit spring is fixedly connected to the protective cover 310. When the fuse 320 is in the first state, the second limit spring is in a stretched state, and when the fuse 320 is in the second state, the second limit spring is in a natural state.

[0036] Compared with the prior art: when the battery cell located in the installation cavity 110 of the module carrier 100 is in a normal state, the fuse 320 is in a first state, and the protective cover 310 is close to the module carrier 100, and is used to close the installation cavity 110, so as to prevent the high-temperature gas and liquid released by the battery cell in thermal runaway from affecting it; when the battery cell is in thermal runaway, the explosion-proof valve 200 thereon opens, and the high-temperature gas and liquid released by the battery cell causes the fuse 320 to switch from the first state to the second state. At this time, the high-temperature gas and liquid are discharged from the smoke exhaust channel. At the same time, the protective cover is arranged opposite to the opening 120, which can block the electrolyte splashing onto the upper cover of the module carrier 100, and prevent the upper cover from being damaged and causing the shell to leak.

[0037] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heat diffusion smoke exhaust channel structure that can be accurately positioned and automatically opened, characterized in that: include: A module carrier having a plurality of mounting cavities for mounting battery cells, and a plurality of openings respectively communicating with the plurality of mounting cavities are formed on the outer wall of the module body; A plurality of protective components, each comprising a protective cover and a fuse, wherein the plurality of protective covers are respectively connected to the plurality of openings of the module carrier via the plurality of fuses, and the fuse has a first state and a second state, and when the fuse is in the first state, the protective cover is arranged close to the opening of the module carrier to close the installation cavity, and when the fuse is in the second state, the protective cover is spaced from the opening of the module carrier, and the gap between the protective cover and the module carrier communicates with the installation cavity and the outside to form a smoke exhaust channel; When the battery cell thermally runs away, the explosion-proof valve thereon opens, and the fuse is switched from the first state to the second state via high-temperature gas and liquid.

2. The heat diffusion smoke exhaust channel structure that can be accurately positioned and automatically opened according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The protective cover is an umbrella structure that gradually expands along the approach to the opening, and the maximum inner diameter of the umbrella structure is larger than the opening.

3. The heat diffusion smoke exhaust channel structure that can be accurately positioned and automatically opened according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fuse is a metal wire, and the protective cover is connected to the module carrier via the metal wire.

4. The heat diffusion smoke exhaust channel structure that can be accurately positioned and automatically opened according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The metal wire is horizontally placed at the opening, one end of the metal wire is bent downward and fixedly connected to the module carrier, and the other end of the metal wire is bent upward and fixedly connected to the protective cover.

5. The heat diffusion smoke exhaust channel structure that can be accurately positioned and automatically opened according to claim 4 is characterized in that: There are multiple metal wires, and the central parts of the multiple metal wires are overlapped.

6. The heat diffusion smoke exhaust channel structure capable of accurate positioning and automatic opening according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The protection component also includes a crossbeam fixedly arranged at the opening, the metal wire passes around the bottom of the crossbeam and both ends of the metal wire are fixedly connected to the protection cover.

7. The heat diffusion smoke exhaust channel structure capable of accurate positioning and automatic opening according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The protection component also includes two fixing rods fixedly arranged at the opening and arranged in parallel. The metal wire passes around the bottoms of the two fixing rods in sequence and both ends of the metal wire are fixedly connected to the protection cover.

8. The heat diffusion smoke exhaust channel structure capable of accurate positioning and automatic opening according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The protection component also includes a first limit spring, which is arranged at a position between the protection cover and the module carrier, one end of the first limit spring is fixedly connected to the module carrier, and the other end of the first limit spring is fixedly connected to the protection cover, when the fuse is in a first state, the first limit spring is in a compressed state, and when the fuse is in a second state, the first limit spring is in a natural state.

9. The heat diffusion smoke exhaust channel structure capable of accurate positioning and automatic opening according to claim 8, characterized in that: There are multiple first limit springs, and the multiple first limit springs are evenly arranged along the circumference of the opening.

10. The heat diffusion smoke exhaust channel structure capable of accurate positioning and automatic opening according to claim 4, characterized in that: The protection component also includes a second limit spring, which is arranged on the side of the protection cover away from the module carrier, one end of the second limit spring is fixedly connected to the module carrier, and the other end of the second limit spring is fixedly connected to the protection cover, when the fuse is in the first state, the second limit spring is in a stretched state, and when the fuse is in the second state, the second limit spring is in a natural state.

Images