1172results about How to "Efficient conduction" patented technology

An electrosurgical medical device and technique for creating thermal welds in engaged tissue that provides very high compressive forces. In one exemplary embodiment, at least one jaw of the instrument defines a tissue engagement plane carrying first and second surface portions that comprise (i) an electrically conductive material and (ii) a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material having a selected increased resistance that differs at each selected increased temperature over a targeted treatment range. One type of PTC material is a doped ceramic that can be engineered to exhibit a selected positively sloped temperature-resistance curve over about 37° C. to 100° C. The 70° C. to 100° C. range can bracket a targeted “thermal treatment range” at which tissue welded can be accomplished. The engineered resistance of the PTC matrix at the upper end of the temperature range will terminate current flow through the matrix. In one mode of operation, the engagement plane cause ohmic heating within tissue from Rf energy delivery tissue PTC matrix is heated to exceed the treatment range. Thereafter, energy density in the engaged tissue will be modulated as the conductivity of the second portion hovers within the targeted treatment range to thereby provide optical tissue heating for purposes of tissue welding.

The invention provides methods for sequencing by hybridization (SBH) using pools of probes that allow greater efficiency in conducting SBH by reducing the number of separate measurements of hybridization signals required to identify each particular nucleotide in a target nucleic acid sequence. The invention also provides pools and sets of pools of probes, as well as methods of generating pools of probes.

A system and method for assessing a degree of coupling between an electrode and tissue in a body is provided. Values for first and second components of a complex impedance (e.g., resistance and reactance or impedance magnitude and phase angle) between the electrode and the tissue are obtained. From these values, a coupling index is calculated that that is indicative of a degree of coupling between the electrode and the tissue. The coupling index may be displayed to a clinician in a variety of ways to indicate the degree of coupling to the clinician. The system and method find particular application in ablation of tissue by permitting a clinician to create lesions in the tissue more effectively and safely.

An improved type thin film semiconductor device and a method for forming the same are described. That is, in a thin film semiconductor device such as TFT formed on an insulating substrate, it is possible to prevent the intrusion of a mobile ion from a substrate or other parts, by forming the first blocking film comprising a silicon nitride, an aluminum oxide, an aluminum nitride, a tantalum oxide, and the like, under the semiconductor device through an insulating film used in a buffering, and then, by forming the second blocking film on TFT, and further, by covering TFT with the first and second blocking films.

A method and system for participant control of privacy during a multiparty communication session includes receiving a request from a first participant to a multiparty communication connection for a sidebar between the first participant and a second participant to the multiparty communication connection. The sidebar is provided by at least substantially eliminating voice streams generated by the first participant and the second participant from conference output streams generated for a set of remaining participants to the multiparty communication connection.

A hardware transactional memory 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 is provided within a multiprocessor 4, 6, 8, 10 system with coherency control and hardware transaction memory control circuitry 22 that serves to at least partially manage the scheduling of processing transactions in dependence upon conflict data 26, 28, 30. The conflict data characterises previously encountered conflicts between processing transactions. The scheduling is performed such that a candidate processing transaction will not be scheduled if the conflict data indicates that one of the already running processing transactions has previously conflicted with the candidate processing transaction.

An FPC (31) on which LEDs (32) are mounted at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction is secured to a lower chassis (21b) used also as a heat-dissipating plate through an elastic heat conductive sheet (34). With a retaining plate (33) is overlapped on the mounting surface of the FPC (31), a screw (S) is inserted into the retaining plate (33) from the outside of a bezel (5) to fix the retaining plate. Furthermore, the FPC (31) is held between the retaining plate (33) and the lower chassis (21b).

A grounding brush for mitigating static electric charge on a motor shaft includes a plurality of filaments secured to an annular frame around the shaft, with tips of the filaments disposed in a channel defined by the frame. Conductive powder can be provided in the channel to improve current flow from the shaft to the filaments.

A method for wireless backhaul communication between a base station and a relay is disclosed. The base station enables a physical control channel to be set up, separately from the terminal that is used to transmit control information to each relay and the physical downlink control channel that has been set up. The base station can transmit data to the relay based on this control information. In a special embodiment, physical downlink control channel transmissions can be minimized by prescribing in advance the transmission of control information between the base station and the relay.

A method for constructing electronic commerce services and conducting electronic commerce transactions is disclosed. The method is illustrated by instantiating and storing the electronic contract on a server; issuing and transmitting a token message to one or more contracting party's client device. Using a processor to intercept the token message and contact the server to retrieve the electronic contract associated with the token message; and downloading or uploading digital media as instructed by the electronic contract. The method is based on the uniform, highly expressive representation of electronic contracts as digital objects. A system based on a distributed object architecture that implements the method is also described. The architecture enables the execution of the promises encoded as part of an electronic contract to be executed on any device that implements an electronic contract interpreter mechanism.

Provided are a porous silicon-carbon composite, which includes a core including a plurality of active particles, a conductive material formed on at least a portion of surfaces of the active particles, first pores, and second pores, and a first shell layer which is coated on the core and includes graphene, wherein the active particles include a plurality of silicon particles, silicon oxide particles, or a combination thereof, the first pores are present in the core and are formed by agglomeration of the plurality of active particles, and the second pores are irregularly dispersed and present in the core, has an average particle diameter smaller than an average particle diameter of the active particles, and are spherical, a method of manufacturing the same, and a negative electrode and a lithium secondary battery including the porous silicon-carbon composite.

An electronic commerce method that includes publishing an offer for a product or service, receiving the published offer and conditionally accepting the offer, and forwarding the conditional acceptance to a matching processor to request the product or service. The matching processor receives the conditional acceptance by the matching processor, determines whether conditions present in the conditional acceptance can be fulfilled, and forwards at least one option for acceptance. The at least one option for selection is displayed and the user, selects any one of the at least one options. Upon selection, a token is provided to the user. The token is configured to be used to redeem the service or product, be transferable to another user device, or to be stored for future redemption of the product or service.

A cellular communication phone with integral headset retraction device is provided. The headset retraction device is integrally molded to a lower portion of the rear side of the phone. The headset retraction device includes a housing which serves to store a cable reel having a cable retracting mechanism and an electrical conducting cable. The electrical conducting cable includes a micro-sized microphone connected between an audio receiver earpiece and an auxiliary plug connector. An auxiliary plug storage receptacle is provided in order to prevent free suspension of the auxiliary plug connector. A cable guidance column is provided to aid in directing the electrical conducting cable into the retraction housing when being wound therein. An earpiece retention jacket is disclosed for supporting the audio receiver earpiece.

A vacuum-type automatic dehumidifying and drying apparatus for powdered or granular material such as a pelletized or powdered resin or the like, provided with a drying hopper connected to an evacuating means having at its bottom a material discharge valve, and provided with a material collector communicating with the drying hopper via a material feeding valve above the drying hopper for collecting the powdered material therein. The apparatus comprises a double constructed drying hopper having a cylindrical main body made of a high heat conductivity material provided on its inner peripheral surface with plural fins, which define compartment walls, projecting inwardly and provided on its outer peripheral surface with a heating means surrounding the cylindrical main body. The main body is outwardly enclosed with a heat insulation wall, and comprises an outer air inlet for introducing outer air thereinto, a material sensor for detecting amount of the material stored in the hopper, and an evacuating means connected to the main body.

An LED lamp or bulb is disclosed that comprises a light source, a heat sink structure and a remote planar phosphor carrier having at least one conversion material. The phosphor carrier can be remote to the light sources and mounted to the heat sink so that heat from the phosphor carrier spreads into the heat sink. The phosphor carrier can comprise a thermally conductive transparent material and a phosphor layer, with an LED based light source mounted to the heat sink such that light from the light source passes through the phosphor carrier. At least some of the LED light is converted by the phosphor carrier, with some lamp embodiments emitting a white light combination of LED and phosphor light. The phosphor arranged according to the present invention can operate at lower temperature to thereby operate at greater phosphor conversion efficiency and with reduced heat related damage to the phosphor.

The invention described in this disclosure is an apparatus and method for clamping semiconductor wafers or other substrates or workpieces during etching, CVD, or surface modification processes. The purpose of the invention is to achieve improved heat transfer during processing between the wafer/substrate and a temperature controlled pedestal used for supporting it in the process chamber. The typical level of process heat put into the wafer during plasma-based etching or deposition processes will be up to about 10 Watts per centimeter squared while the maximum acceptable temperature differential between wafer/substrate and pedestal is less than about 100 Celsius. In such low gas pressure environments typical for plasma-based processes, the heat removal from the wafer/substrate by gaseous conduction may be inadequate to meet requirements. This invention achieves excellent heat transfer to the pedestal from the wafer/substrate when there is a thin, resilient, electrically insulating layer (tape) bonded to the wafer/substrate or the pedestal. Wafer/substrate clamping for improved process heat removal is achieved by a combination of vacuum clamping of the wafer/substrate beginning prior to evacuation of the processing chamber, along with or followed by electrostatic clamping of the wafer/substrate which continues during processing. The invention also permits the wafer/substrate to be rapidly and safely released from the electrostatic clamping when the chamber is returned to atmospheric pressure by a providing a slight pressure increase, above atmospheric pressure, between wafer and pedestal. The pedestal may have some roughening or narrow grooves on the wafer clamping surface, and some small holes from its surface leading to an evacuated plenum or channel within the pedestal. Alternatively, the pedestal may have a layer of a porous metal extending from its surface down to the evacuated channel or plenum which permits gas to be evacuated. These structures allow vacuum pumping of gas that might otherwise be trapped between the insulating layer and the pedestal. When a wafer/substrate is placed on the pedestal by loading at atmospheric pressure, vacuum pumping through the pedestal is commenced. This causes the workpiece to be pressed to the pedestal clamping surface with approximately atmospheric pressure compressing the soft layer against its clamping surface. This provides sufficient contact of the soft layer with the pedestal to greatly improve heat transfer from the wafer/substrate to the pedestal. A voltage is applied to the pedestal, beginning any time after the wafer is on the pedestal, to further clamp the wafer electrostatically. As the processing chamber is then pumped down to operating pressure for processing the electrostatic clamping voltage maintains sufficient pressure of the wafer/substrate against the pedestal to maintain the heat conductive contact between the soft layer and the pedestal. This permits good heat conduction to be maintained during the low pressure plasma-based etching or CVD processing. Following processing when the wafer/substrate is to be removed it may be rapidly de-clamped from the electrostatic clamping by application of a slight over-atmospheric pressure in the reservoir or pumping channels within the pedestal.

Methods and devices are provided for purging fuel cells of water and accumulated non-reactive gases whereby the systems are constructed to dilute any emitted hydrogen below its inflammability limit for increased safety.

The present invention makes legal research more efficient by selecting clusters in response to the behavior of a user (e.g., a legal professional such as a paralegal, lawyer, or judge). The clusters, which are formed prior to the user accessing a legal document (and thus, providing user behavior to a system), are identified to the based upon a set of metadata associated with the legal document. At least two clusters are identified and a signal associated therewith is transmitted to the user. Each cluster is associated with a unique legal topic. Further, each cluster may comprise primary and/or secondary authority.