Battery protection device

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery protection device which comprises a photovoltaic module, a signal acquisition unit, a charging and discharging controller, a charging loop and a discharging loop, and the signal acquisition unit monitors parameters such as voltage of a battery at regular time and transmits the parameters to the charging and discharging controller. And the charging and discharging controller analyzes the voltage value provided by the signal acquisition unit, and when the voltage value is smaller than a set threshold value, the photovoltaic module is controlled to acquire the electric quantity to charge the battery, and charging is stopped until the upper limit of the set threshold value is reached. The charging loop is a loop for the photovoltaic module to supply power to the storage battery, and the discharging loop is a loop for the storage battery to supply power to other equipment on the vehicle. The device can monitor the state of the battery in real time and control the photovoltaic module to charge the battery under the condition that the battery is fed, intelligent management of the electric quantity state of the battery is achieved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to battery protection technology, and in particular to a battery protection device. Background Art

[0002] At present, most electric vehicles use air switches as the main means of battery protection. When the air switch detects abnormal conditions such as battery overcharge, over discharge or leakage, it will automatically cut off the circuit to protect the safety of the battery and circuit. By turning on the air switch, the battery can be effectively prevented from providing power to other electrical devices that may use electricity, thereby avoiding unnecessary battery consumption.

[0003] However, this protection method has certain limitations. Even if the circuit is disconnected by the air switch, the electric vehicle battery may still self-discharge when it is not used for a long time. Self-discharge is a natural result of the chemical reaction inside the battery. Even in the absence of external load, the battery will gradually lose its charge. This self-discharge phenomenon will intensify over time, eventually causing the battery to be fed and unable to start normally. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the invention is to provide a battery protection device to achieve intelligent management of battery power.

[0005] Technical solution: To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, a battery protection device described in the present invention includes a photovoltaic component, a signal acquisition unit, and a charge and discharge controller. The signal acquisition unit regularly monitors the voltage of the battery and transmits it to the charge and discharge controller. The charge and discharge controller controls the photovoltaic component to charge the battery based on the comparison result between the voltage value and the set threshold value.

[0006] The signal acquisition unit includes a voltage sensor for measuring the voltage difference between the two ends of the battery.

[0007] It also includes a charging circuit and a discharging circuit. The charging circuit is a power supply circuit that connects the photovoltaic component to the battery, and the discharging circuit is a power supply circuit that connects the battery to the vehicle load. The charging circuit and the discharging circuit are provided with power electronic components that control the on and off of the circuits.

[0008] The charging circuit is turned on when the discharging circuit is turned off, and is turned off when the discharging circuit is turned on. When the battery reaches a saturated charge state, the charging circuit is also turned off.

[0009] Among them, the charge and discharge controller includes a microcontroller, a voltage comparator, and a communication interface. The microcontroller receives the voltage data transmitted by the signal acquisition unit through the communication interface, and uses the voltage comparator to compare it with the preset threshold value. Based on the comparison result, the microcontroller sends an on-off signal to the power electronic components in the charging circuit or the discharging circuit through the communication interface.

[0010] Among them, if the signal acquisition unit measures that the battery voltage difference is lower than the preset threshold and the battery is not in a discharge state, the microcontroller controls the power electronic components on the charging circuit to turn on, thereby starting the photovoltaic module to charge the battery. When the battery voltage difference reaches the upper limit of the preset threshold, it is determined that the battery has reached a saturated charge state, and the microcontroller controls the power electronic components on the charging circuit to disconnect, so that the photovoltaic module stops charging the battery.

[0011] The signal acquisition unit also includes a temperature sensor and a current sensor, which are used to measure the current value and temperature value during battery charging and discharging, and transmit the collected data to the charge and discharge controller for thermal management and charge and discharge management.

[0012] Among them, the current sensor is a CHB-25NP Hall current sensor.

[0013] The temperature sensor is a thermistor or an integrated temperature sensor.

[0014] Among them, the photovoltaic components are mounted on the frame through mounting brackets.

[0015] Beneficial effects: The present invention has the following advantages: 1. The device can monitor the battery status in real time, and control the photovoltaic module to charge it when the battery is powered, thereby realizing intelligent management of the battery power status and improving the battery life; 2. The photovoltaic module is mounted on the frame and uses solar energy to charge the battery, thereby realizing sustainable use of energy; 3. The device can further realize thermal management of the battery, ensure that it works within a safe temperature range, and improve battery performance and safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is the working principle diagram of the battery protection device;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the battery protection device application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and drawings.

[0019] like Figure 1 , 2As shown, the battery protection device includes a photovoltaic component, a signal acquisition unit, a charge and discharge controller, a charging circuit and a discharge circuit. The signal acquisition unit regularly monitors the voltage and other parameters of the battery and transmits them to the charge and discharge controller. The charge and discharge controller analyzes the voltage value provided by the signal acquisition unit. When the voltage value is less than the set threshold, the photovoltaic component power collection is controlled to charge the battery until the set threshold upper limit is reached and the charging is stopped. The charging circuit is a circuit in which the photovoltaic component supplies power to the battery, and the discharge circuit is a circuit in which the battery supplies power to other devices on the vehicle. The charging circuit is turned on when the discharge circuit is disconnected, and is disconnected when the discharge circuit is turned on. When the battery reaches the saturated state, the charging circuit will also be automatically turned off.

[0020] Among them, the solar panel area of ​​the photovoltaic module is determined according to the battery power. The power calculation is: charging current × charging voltage × charging time (hours) = kilowatt-hours. Taking the 60V battery of an electric vehicle as an example, the power is between 600-800W, so the total capacity of the photovoltaic module must be between 300W and 700W. The solar irradiance is approximately equal to 0.8 sunshine intensity, and the total capacity = sunshine intensity × solar panel area, so as to obtain the required solar panel area. Further, according to the area of ​​the solar panel, choose a suitable location on the electric vehicle to install the photovoltaic module, such as placing it in the area above the front headlights of the vehicle.

[0021] Taking a fuel motorcycle as an example, the normal power supply voltage is 13.5V, and the specific charging amount depends on the power of the motorcycle and the capacity of the battery. Generally speaking, the charging power of a motorcycle is between 200-600W, and the battery capacity is between 6-20Ah. The installation position of the photovoltaic module on the motorcycle should not only consider the design of the appearance but also the coordination with wind and airflow, but the battery of the motorcycle is smaller than that of an electric car, and the required solar panel area is also smaller.

[0022] The signal acquisition unit includes a voltage sensor, which works by measuring the voltage difference between the two ends of the battery and converts the analog signal into a digital signal for processing by the charge and discharge controller. The charge and discharge controller includes a microcontroller, a voltage comparator, a communication interface connected to the signal acquisition unit, and a power electronic component set between the charge and discharge controller and the charging circuit or the discharging circuit to control the on and off of the charging circuit and the discharging circuit. The signal acquisition unit measures the battery voltage difference at regular intervals and transmits the digital signal to the microcontroller through the communication interface. The microcontroller receives the voltage data and compares it with the preset threshold value using the voltage comparator. If the battery voltage difference is lower than the preset threshold value and the battery is not in a discharging state, the microcontroller outputs a control signal of the power electronic component on the charging circuit, thereby starting the photovoltaic module to charge the battery, that is, the charging circuit is turned on. When the battery voltage difference reaches the upper limit of the preset threshold value, it is determined that the battery has reached a saturated state of charge, and the microcontroller stops the photovoltaic module from charging the battery through the power electronic component.

[0023] When the electric car is started, the charge and discharge controller will control the discharge of the battery according to the vehicle's operating status and energy requirements to power other devices on the vehicle.

[0024] The above-mentioned charge and discharge controller can automatically control the charging process of the photovoltaic module according to the real-time voltage status of the battery, ensure that the battery operates within a safe voltage range, avoid overcharging or over-discharging, and thus extend the service life of the battery.

[0025] In order to further increase the protection functions of battery overcharge, over discharge, over current and over temperature, relevant sensors such as CHB-25NP Hall current sensor and integrated temperature sensor can be added to the signal acquisition unit, and the collected data can be transmitted to the charge and discharge controller for subsequent processing.

[0026] The above process also includes acquiring the charging and discharging parameters of the battery during the charging and discharging process, which may include but are not limited to voltage, current, temperature, remaining battery capacity (SOC), number of charging and discharging times, charging and discharging efficiency, etc., and further generating a charging and discharging report that can be fed back to the user through the vehicle's dashboard, on-board infotainment system or mobile phone application, so that the user can evaluate the battery's health status, charging and discharging efficiency, and predict the battery's life.

[0027] In this embodiment, the charge and discharge controller transmits the remaining power of the battery to the controller through the information transmission method of the communication protocol. The charge and discharge controller can set the charging interval between 25% and 85% through the voltage, which is the working condition of the solar panel. The solar panel converts the electrical energy into battery charging through the DC / DC converter. The DC / DC converter can ensure that the voltage output by the solar panel is consistent with the battery, thereby ensuring the life of the battery.

Claims

1. A battery protection device, characterized in that: It includes photovoltaic components, a signal acquisition unit, and a charge and discharge controller. The signal acquisition unit regularly monitors the voltage of the battery and transmits it to the charge and discharge controller. The charge and discharge controller controls the photovoltaic components to charge the battery based on the comparison result between the voltage value and the set threshold value.

2. The battery protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal acquisition unit includes a voltage sensor for measuring a voltage difference between two ends of the battery.

3. The battery protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a charging circuit and a discharging circuit. The charging circuit is a power supply circuit connecting the photovoltaic component to the battery, and the discharging circuit is a power supply circuit connecting the battery to the vehicle load. The charging circuit and the discharging circuit are provided with power electronic components for controlling the on and off of the circuits.

4. The battery protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The charging circuit is turned on when the discharging circuit is disconnected, and is disconnected when the discharging circuit is turned on. When the battery reaches the saturated charge state, the charging circuit is also disconnected.

5. The battery protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The charge and discharge controller includes a microcontroller, a voltage comparator, and a communication interface. The microcontroller receives voltage data transmitted by the signal acquisition unit through the communication interface, and uses the voltage comparator to compare it with a preset threshold. Based on the comparison result, the microcontroller sends an on-off signal to the power electronic components in the charging circuit or the discharging circuit through the communication interface.

6. The battery protection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: If the signal acquisition unit measures that the battery voltage difference is lower than the preset threshold and the battery is not in a discharging state, the microcontroller controls the power electronic components on the charging circuit to turn on, thereby starting the photovoltaic module to charge the battery. When the battery voltage difference reaches the upper limit of the preset threshold, it is determined that the battery has reached a saturated charge state, and the microcontroller controls the power electronic components on the charging circuit to turn off, so that the photovoltaic module stops charging the battery.

7. The battery protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal acquisition unit also includes a temperature sensor and a current sensor, which are used to measure the current value and temperature value when the battery is charging and discharging, and transmit the collected data to the charge and discharge controller for thermal management and charge and discharge management.

8. The battery protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The current sensor is a CHB-25NP Hall current sensor.

9. The battery protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The temperature sensor is a thermistor or an integrated temperature sensor.

10. The battery protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic modules are mounted on the vehicle frame via mounting brackets.

Images