Feed for breeding stichopus japonicus and breeding method of stichopus japonicus

Abstract

The invention provides stichopus japonicus breeding feed and a stichopus japonicus breeding method, and belongs to the technical field of stichopus japonicus breeding. The rape seed cake meal is adopted for providing vegetable protein, amino acid and trace elements such as manganese, zinc and copper, the algae powder is adopted for providing amino acid, vitamins and organic mineral substances, the undaria pinnatifida powder and the crab shell powder contain rich protein and mineral substances, and the undaria pinnatifida powder, the crab shell powder and the undaria pinnatifida powder can meet nutrient substances needed by growth of the stichopus japonicus; the multivitamins can activate the non-specific immune response of the stichopus japonicus, enhance the anti-stress and disease-resistant capabilities of the body, and cooperate with the auxiliary nutrients to improve the metabolism of the stichopus japonicus, promote the healthy growth of the stichopus japonicus and improve the yield and quality of the stichopus japonicus; and the stichopus japonicus culture feed is solid particles in the shape of carambola, so that the stichopus japonicus culture feed can quickly sink into water, a plurality of edges of the stichopus japonicus culture feed can be quickly softened after meeting water, and the middle part of the stichopus japonicus culture feed can still keep the shape for a long time, so that the stichopus japonicus can quickly ingest from the plurality of edges and then gradually ingest the middle part, and the ingestion time is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sea cucumber breeding, and in particular to a feed for sea cucumber breeding and a breeding method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Sea cucumbers belong to the phylum Echinodermata and class Holothuroidea. More than 100 species have been reported in my country, of which about 21 species are edible. The best species are those produced in Liaoning, Hebei and Shandong coastal areas. Since ancient times, Chinese people have regarded sea cucumbers as a precious seafood and listed them as "one of the eight delicacies". According to analysis, every 100 grams of fresh sea cucumbers contains 76% water, 21.5% protein, 0.3% fat, 1% carbohydrates and 1.2% ash. This sea cucumber also contains a large amount of mucin and a variety of amino acids, especially acidic mucopolysaccharides (chondroitin sulfate) with anti-aging effects. Recent studies have also shown that the acidic mucopolysaccharides of sea cucumbers also have a relatively strong anti-tumor and anti-coagulation effect, and have the effect of enhancing the body's immune function. Therefore, sea cucumbers are not only a delicious delicacy and health food, but also a marine medicine with extremely high medicinal value. With the continuous increase in market demand, the technology of artificial breeding of sea cucumbers has gradually developed, forming an aquaculture industry group with Shandong, Liaoning and Hebei coastal areas as the main production areas, and extending to the coastal areas of Fujian and Zhejiang in a north-south relay form.

[0003] The continuous expansion of the scale of sea cucumber farming has prompted the farming model to gradually evolve from traditional cofferdam farming and pond farming to cage farming, hanging cage farming, and caisson farming that can make full use of the farming space. Therefore, the powdered feed used in traditional pond farming can no longer meet the requirements of cage farming, hanging cage farming, and caisson farming, otherwise it will cause rapid and large-scale loss of feed and easily deteriorate the water quality. Some farmers began to try to feed sea cucumbers in hanging cages with fish meal and fresh kelp slices. However, the high content of alginate in kelp affects the breeding environment of sea cucumbers, and the single nutritional composition affects the growth of sea cucumbers to a certain extent. Subsequently, the developed flake feed went to the market and basically met the requirements of the new breeding model. However, the flake feed has a uniform shape and consistent collapse time, which affects the feeding of sea cucumbers. In addition, the flake feed is not suitable for mechanized feeding and is easy to block the feeding pipe; the resistance in the water is also large and the dispersion is poor. While the breeding model is diversified, the feed fed is also required to be diversified accordingly. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a feed for breeding sea cucumbers and a breeding method thereof. The feed for breeding sea cucumbers provided by the present invention can provide the nutrients required for the growth of sea cucumbers, and its solid particles in the shape of carambolas can quickly sink into water, have good dispersibility, and are not easy to block a feeding pipe. After encountering water, the edges of the feed first become soft quickly, and the middle part can still maintain its shape for a long time, so that the sea cucumbers can quickly eat from the edges and then gradually eat the middle part, thereby extending the feeding time.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a feed for sea cucumber breeding, which comprises the following components by weight:

[0007] 2-18 parts of rapeseed meal, 6-30 parts of algae powder, 3-18 parts of kelp powder, 0.3-2 parts of multivitamins, 1-15 parts of crab shell powder, 0.05-1.5 parts of auxiliary nutrients;

[0008] The feed for sea cucumber breeding is solid particles in the shape of carambola.

[0009] Preferably, the feed for sea cucumber farming comprises the following components by weight:

[0010] 4-15 parts of rapeseed cake, 8-26 parts of algae powder, 5-15 parts of kelp powder, 0.5-1 part of multivitamins, 3-10 parts of crab shell powder, and 0.08-1 part of auxiliary nutrients.

[0011] Preferably, the algae powder is at least one of Salvia thunbergii powder, Sargassum powder and Spirulina powder.

[0012] Preferably, the components and contents of the multivitamin are: vitamin A 150g / kg, vitamin C 50g / kg, vitamin D3 200g / kg, vitamin E 180g / kg, vitamin B1 40g / kg, vitamin B2 60g / kg, vitamin B 12 20g / kg, niacin 15g / kg, inositol 10g / kg, folic acid 15g / kg.

[0013] Preferably, the auxiliary nutrients include at least one of chitosan, β-glucan and oligofructose.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the feed for sea cucumber breeding described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0015] The rapeseed meal is crushed, and then algae powder, kelp powder, multivitamins, crab shell powder and auxiliary nutrients are added, and then stirred, extruded, demoulded and dried in sequence to obtain feed for sea cucumber farming.

[0016] Preferably, the pulverized material obtained by the pulverization is sieved through a sieve of 80 to 250 meshes.

[0017] Preferably, the die used for extrusion is in the shape of a carambola.

[0018] The present invention also provides a method for cultivating sea cucumbers, using the feed for cultivating sea cucumbers described in the above technical solution as sea cucumber feed, the cultivation method comprising: placing 200 to 800 sea cucumber seedlings of a specification of head / kg into a cultivation pond each year, with a density of 15 to 30 kg / mu; in spring, when the water temperature reaches 8 to 16°C, placing sea cucumber feed once every 3 days, with a daily feeding amount of 15 to 25 g / m 3 In autumn, from the time the sea cucumbers leave the reef until the water temperature drops to 6°C, feed the sea cucumbers once every two days, with a daily feed rate of 15-25g / m 3 .

[0019] The invention provides a feed for breeding sea cucumbers. Rapeseed cake is used to provide plant protein, amino acids and trace elements such as manganese, zinc and copper. Algae powder contains rich amino acids, vitamins and organic minerals. Kelp powder and crab shell powder contain rich proteins and minerals. The three can meet the nutrients required for the growth of sea cucumbers. The complex vitamins can activate the nonspecific immune response of the sea cucumbers, enhance the body's anti-stress and anti-disease capabilities, participate in multiple metabolic processes in the sea cucumbers, cooperate with auxiliary nutrients to improve the metabolism of the sea cucumbers, promote the healthy growth of the sea cucumbers, and improve the yield and quality of the sea cucumbers. The feed for breeding sea cucumbers is a solid particle in the shape of carambola, which can quickly sink into water, has good dispersibility, is not easy to block a feeding pipeline, and after meeting water, first multiple edges become soft quickly, while the middle can still keep its shape for a long time, so that the sea cucumbers can quickly ingest food from multiple edges and then gradually ingest the middle part, thereby prolonging the feeding time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a bar chart of the per-acre yield of the corresponding breeding methods of Examples 1 to 4 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention provides a feed for sea cucumber breeding, which comprises the following components by weight:

[0022] 2-18 parts of rapeseed meal, 6-30 parts of algae powder, 3-18 parts of kelp powder, 0.3-2 parts of multivitamins, 1-15 parts of crab shell powder, 0.05-1.5 parts of auxiliary nutrients;

[0023] The feed for sea cucumber breeding is solid particles in the shape of carambola.

[0024] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used are conventional commercial products in the art.

[0025] The feed for breeding sea cucumbers is provided in the form of solid carambola-shaped particles, which can quickly sink into water. The solid carambola-shaped particles have multiple edges that become soft quickly in water, thereby satisfying the feeding needs of sea cucumbers. The middle part can still maintain its shape for a long time, thereby delaying the feeding time.

[0026] In the present invention, the feed for sea cucumber farming preferably includes the following components by weight:

[0027] 4-15 parts of rapeseed cake, 8-26 parts of algae powder, 5-15 parts of kelp powder, 0.5-1 part of multivitamins, 3-10 parts of crab shell powder, and 0.08-1 part of auxiliary nutrients.

[0028] In the present invention, the algae powder is preferably at least one of Sargassum powder, Sargassum powder, and Spirulina powder. The algae powder used in the present invention is rich in amino acids, vitamins, organic minerals and other trace elements, and these nutrients are necessary for the growth of sea cucumbers. Sea cucumbers can obtain these nutrients by eating algae powder, thereby supporting their normal physiological functions and growth and development; adding algae powder to the feed of sea cucumbers can significantly improve the nutritional structure of the feed, which not only improves the utilization rate of the feed, but also enables the sea cucumber to more fully absorb and utilize the nutrients in the feed; certain active ingredients in the algae powder can regulate the body metabolism of sea cucumbers. By regulating the metabolic process, sea cucumbers can better adapt to the breeding environment, improve growth rate and stress resistance, and this regulatory effect is crucial for the healthy growth and development of sea cucumbers. In addition, the nutrients and active ingredients in the algae powder can enhance the immunity and disease resistance of sea cucumbers, so that they can better resist the invasion of pathogens and reduce the occurrence of diseases, which not only contributes to the healthy growth of sea cucumbers, but also reduces the risk of diseases during breeding.

[0029] In the present invention, the components and contents of the multivitamin are: vitamin A 150g / kg, vitamin C 50g / kg, vitamin D3 200g / kg, vitamin E 180g / kg, vitamin B1 40g / kg, vitamin B2 60g / kg, vitamin B1 2 20g / kg, nicotinic acid 15g / kg, inositol 10g / kg, and folic acid 15g / kg. The multivitamin in the present invention can activate the nonspecific immune response of sea cucumbers and enhance the body's anti-stress and disease resistance. Since sea cucumbers belong to invertebrates, they lack specific immune ability in the body and can only rely on nonspecific immune response to resist the invasion of pathogens. Therefore, the supplementation of vitamin C in the multivitamin is particularly important, which can help reduce the damage of free radicals to body cells, enhance the function of the immune system, and improve the resistance of sea cucumbers, thereby reducing the occurrence of diseases; nutrients such as vitamin B group in the multivitamin participate in multiple metabolic processes in the sea cucumber, including the metabolism of protein, carbohydrates and fat, and help the sea cucumber obtain and utilize nutrients, thereby supporting its healthy growth. At the same time, vitamin B group can also improve the energy level of sea cucumbers, reduce fatigue, increase physical strength and endurance, enable them to better adapt to the breeding environment, improve their survival rate, and thus increase production.

[0030] In the present invention, the auxiliary nutrients include at least one of chitosan, β-glucan, and oligofructose. The present invention can also significantly increase the collagen, total polysaccharide and polyunsaturated fatty acid content in the body wall of sea cucumbers by adding chitosan, which has a beneficial effect on the quality of sea cucumbers; β-glucan used in combination with vitamin C can significantly affect the specific growth rate of sea cucumbers, enhance the immunity of sea cucumbers, and significantly reduce the cumulative mortality rate of sea cucumbers infected with Vibrio splendens; oligofructose is beneficial to the proliferation of beneficial intestinal bacteria, helps to maintain the microecological balance of the sea cucumber intestinal tract, and improves the intestinal health level, and oligofructose can significantly increase the phagocytic activity, phenoloxidase activity and acid phosphatase activity of sea cucumber coelomocytes, thereby enhancing the immunity of sea cucumbers, and at the same time, it can also significantly improve the disease resistance of sea cucumbers infected with Vibrio splendens. The present invention adds composite vitamins and auxiliary nutrients in a coordinated manner, and the two synergistically improve the metabolism of sea cucumbers, promote the healthy growth of sea cucumbers, and significantly improve the yield and quality of sea cucumbers.

[0031] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the feed for sea cucumber breeding described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0032] The rapeseed cake is crushed, and then algae powder, kelp powder, multivitamins, crab shell powder and auxiliary nutrients are added, and the mixture is stirred, extruded, demoulded and dried in sequence to obtain feed for sea cucumber breeding.

[0033] In the present invention, the pulverized product obtained by the pulverization is preferably passed through a sieve of 80 to 250 meshes.

[0034] In the present invention, the extrusion mold is in the shape of a carambola. The present invention has no special restrictions on the stirring, demoulding and drying methods, and the technical solutions well known in the art can be used.

[0035] The present invention also provides a method for cultivating sea cucumbers, using the feed for cultivating sea cucumbers described in the above technical solution as sea cucumber feed, the cultivation method comprising: placing 200 to 800 sea cucumber seedlings of a specification of head / kg into a cultivation pond each year, with a density of 15 to 30 kg / mu; in spring, when the water temperature reaches 8 to 16°C, placing sea cucumber feed once every 3 days, with a daily feeding amount of 15 to 25 g / m 3 In autumn, from the time the sea cucumbers leave the reef until the water temperature drops to 6°C, feed the sea cucumbers once every two days, with a daily feed rate of 15-25g / m 3 .

[0036] The present invention controls the stocking density, water temperature, feeding frequency and daily feeding amount of the sea cucumber culture, so as to provide a healthy growth environment for the sea cucumber and meet its nutritional needs, while avoiding waste and saving resources.

[0037] The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] A feed for sea cucumber breeding, comprising the following components by weight:

[0040] 10 parts of rapeseed meal, 23 parts of algae powder, 8 parts of kelp powder, 0.5 parts of multivitamins, 5 parts of crab shell powder, and 0.15 parts of auxiliary nutrients;

[0041] The feed for sea cucumber breeding is solid particles in the shape of carambola.

[0042] The preparation method of the above-mentioned sea cucumber breeding feed comprises the following steps:

[0043] The rapeseed cake is crushed and passed through a 100-mesh sieve, and then algae powder, kelp powder, multivitamins, crab shell powder and auxiliary nutrients are added, stirred and mixed, extruded with a carambola-shaped mold, and dried after demoulding to obtain feed for sea cucumber breeding.

[0044] A method for breeding sea cucumbers, using the above-mentioned feed for breeding sea cucumbers as sea cucumber feed, comprising the following steps: annually placing 300 sea cucumber seedlings of a specification of 100 heads / kg into a breeding pond, with a density of 18 kg / mu; in spring, when the water temperature reaches 8-16°C, placing the sea cucumber feed once every 3 days, with a daily feeding amount of 18 g / m 3 In autumn, from the time the sea cucumbers leave the reef until the water temperature drops to 6°C, sea cucumber feed is released every 2 days, with a daily feed rate of 15g / m 3 .

[0045] Example 2

[0046] The feed for sea cucumber farming was prepared according to the method of Example 1, and was used as the feed for sea cucumber farming according to the same method, except that: 0.8 parts of multivitamins and 0.18 parts of auxiliary nutrients were added.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] The feed for sea cucumber farming was prepared according to the method of Example 1, and the feed was used as the sea cucumber feed for sea cucumber farming according to the same method, except that: 1 part of multivitamins and 0.25 parts of auxiliary nutrients were included.

[0049] Example 4

[0050] The feed for sea cucumber farming was prepared according to the method of Example 1, and the feed was used as the sea cucumber feed for sea cucumber farming according to the same method, except that in spring, when the water temperature reached 8-16°C, the sea cucumber feed was added once every 3 days, and the daily feeding amount was 20 g / m 3 In autumn, from the time the sea cucumbers leave the reef until the water temperature drops to 6°C, sea cucumber feed is released every 2 days, with a daily feed rate of 15g / m 3 .

[0051] Comparative Example 1

[0052] The feed was prepared according to the method of Example 1, and was used as sea cucumber feed for sea cucumber farming according to the same method, except that no multivitamin was added.

[0053] Comparative Example 2

[0054] The feed was prepared according to the method of Example 1, and used as sea cucumber feed for sea cucumber farming according to the same method, except that no auxiliary nutrients were added.

[0055] The results of the yield per mu of the sea cucumbers cultured in ponds for one year using the corresponding culture methods of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are shown in Tables 1 and Figure 1 shown.

[0056] Table 1 Statistics of per mu yield of corresponding breeding methods of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2

[0057]

[0058] Figure 1 It is a bar chart of the per-acre yield of the corresponding breeding methods of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

[0059] From Table 1 and Figure 1 It can be seen that the feed for sea cucumber farming and the farming method provided by the present invention promote the healthy growth of sea cucumbers, improve the yield and quality of sea cucumbers, and significantly increase the per-acre yield of sea cucumber farming in ponds.

[0060] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed for sea cucumber breeding, characterized in that: The feed for sea cucumber breeding includes the following components by weight: 2-18 parts of rapeseed meal, 6-30 parts of algae powder, 3-18 parts of kelp powder, 0.3-2 parts of multivitamins, 1-15 parts of crab shell powder, 0.05-1.5 parts of auxiliary nutrients; The feed for sea cucumber breeding is solid particles in the shape of carambola.

2. The sea cucumber breeding feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The feed for sea cucumber breeding includes the following components by weight: 4-15 parts of rapeseed cake, 8-26 parts of algae powder, 5-15 parts of kelp powder, 0.5-1 part of multivitamins, 3-10 parts of crab shell powder, and 0.08-1 part of auxiliary nutrients.

3. The sea cucumber breeding feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The algae powder is at least one of sargassum powder, sargassum powder and spirulina powder.

4. The sea cucumber breeding feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The components and contents of the multivitamin are: vitamin A 150g / kg, vitamin C 50g / kg, vitamin D3 200g / kg, vitamin E 180g / kg, vitamin B1 40g / kg, vitamin B2 60g / kg, vitamin B 12 20g / kg, niacin 15g / kg, inositol 10g / kg, folic acid 15g / kg.

5. The feed for sea cucumber breeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary nutrients include at least one of chitosan, β-glucan and oligofructose.

6. A method for preparing a feed for sea cucumber breeding according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The rapeseed cake is crushed, and then algae powder, kelp powder, multivitamins, crab shell powder and auxiliary nutrients are added, and the mixture is stirred, extruded, demoulded and dried in sequence to obtain feed for sea cucumber breeding.

7. The method for preparing a sea cucumber breeding feed according to claim 6, wherein: The pulverized product obtained by the pulverization is passed through a sieve of 80-250 meshes.

8. The method for preparing the feed for sea cucumber breeding according to claim 6, wherein: The die used for the extrusion is in the shape of a carambola.

9. A method for cultivating sea cucumbers, characterized in that: The feed for sea cucumber farming according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is used as sea cucumber feed, and the farming method comprises: putting 200 to 800 sea cucumber seedlings of a specification of head / kg into the farming pond every year, with a stocking density of 15 to 30 kg / mu; in spring, when the water temperature reaches 8 to 16°C, putting sea cucumber feed once every 3 days, with a daily feeding amount of 15 to 25 g / m 3 In autumn, from the time the sea cucumbers leave the reef until the water temperature drops to 6°C, feed the sea cucumbers once every two days, with a daily feed rate of 15-25g / m 3 .

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