Micropterus salmoides feed composition and micropterus salmoides overwintering breeding method
By providing California bass with feed formulas and feeding strategies for specific periods, the survival and health problems of overwintering fish after spring breaks out is solved, which significantly improves growth performance and health status and reduces breeding losses.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411804812.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-10
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-11
AI Technical Summary
California bass wintering fish are prone to death in large quantities after the spring is overflowing. After wintering, due to insufficient food intake and improper nutritional distribution, the fish have low physical fitness and reduced resistance to disease, and are prone to large-scale "postpartum diseases", causing huge losses to the breeding industry.
Provides a combination of California bass feed, including overwintering feed, spring feed and postpartum repair feed, which are used for winter, spring and postpartum breeding respectively to meet nutritional needs at different times.
Through feed formula and feeding strategies for specific periods, the growth performance, survival rate and intestinal and liver health of California bass were significantly improved, the incidence of 'postpartum diseases' was reduced, and the breeding efficiency was improved.
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Figure CN119404989A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to a California bass feed combination and a California bass overwintering culture method. Background Art
[0002] California bass is an important economic farmed fish in my country, and is very popular in the market due to its advantages in meat quality, growth rate, body mass, storage, etc. In 2022, the farming capacity of California bass has exceeded 800,000 tons, of which about 40% of farmers choose to farm off-season fish, that is, wintering fish, stocking them in autumn and selling them in spring.
[0003] California bass can reach sexual maturity in 5 months of farming, and the large-scale breeding season is concentrated in February and March. Therefore, overwintering fish often face the risk of mass mortality after spring.
[0004] In addition, fish species that have overwintered do not eat enough food due to the long-term low temperature, and most of their nutrients are used for gonad development, which leads to low physical fitness and reduced disease resistance. In addition, the water temperature rises in spring, which is more suitable for the large-scale reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms, and the immunity of fish decreases rapidly after spring. At the same time, the reproductive organs are in an open state after ovulation / sperm production, which is very easy to cause pathogen invasion, resulting in large-scale "postpartum disease", causing huge losses to the aquaculture industry. Summary of the invention
[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above technical problems and provide a California sea bass feed combination and a California sea bass overwintering breeding method.
[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a California bass feed combination, including California bass overwintering feed, California bass spring feed and California bass postpartum repair feed; the California bass overwintering feed, California bass spring feed and California bass postpartum repair feed are respectively used for California bass winter, spring and postpartum breeding.
[0007] Preferably, the California seabass wintering feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of 68% Peruvian super steam fish meal, 10 parts of 62% basa fish fillet meal, 18 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of enzymatic chicken meal, 0.4 parts of spray-dried porcine hemoglobulin powder, 7 parts of concentrated soy protein, 10 parts of 60% cottonseed meal, 4.5 parts of grade I flour, 4.5 parts of cassava starch, 0.5 parts of α-starch, 3 parts of brewer's yeast extract, 2 parts of fish slurry, 8 parts of grade III soybean oil, 1.81 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05 parts of propionic acid solid mildew inhibitor, 0.06 parts of bile acid, 0.06 parts of silymarin, 0.02 parts of composite antioxidant (type I), 0.5 parts of vitamin premix feed for marine fish, and 1 part of trace element premix feed for marine fish.
[0008] Preferably, the California seabass spring feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 27 parts of 68% Peruvian super steam fish meal, 28 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of enzymatic chicken meal, 0.4 parts of spray-dried porcine hemoglobin powder, 7 parts of concentrated soy protein, 4 parts of grade I flour, 4 parts of cassava starch, 3 parts of brewer's yeast extract, 2 parts of fish slurry, 7 parts of marine fish oil, 2.18 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05 parts of astragalus polysaccharide, 0.05 parts of vitamin C, 0.03 parts of vitamin E, 0.05 parts of propionic acid solid mildew inhibitor, 0.06 parts of bile acid, 0.06 parts of silymarin, 0.02 parts of composite antioxidant (type I), 0.5 parts of vitamin premix feed for marine fish, and 1 part of trace element premix feed for marine fish.
[0009] Preferably, the California seabass postpartum repair feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of enzymatic fish protein peptides, 15 parts of 68% Peruvian super steam fish meal, 28 parts of fermented soybean meal, 7 parts of enzymatic chicken meal, 4 parts of spray-dried porcine hemoglobin powder, 7 parts of soy protein concentrate, 4 parts of flour grade I, 4 parts of cassava starch, 3 parts of brewer's yeast extract, 2 parts of fish slurry, 7 parts of marine fish oil, 2.12 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05 parts of motherwort extract, 0.05 parts of astragalus polysaccharides, 0.05 parts of vitamin C, 0.03 parts of vitamin E, 0.05 parts of propionic acid solid mildew inhibitor, 0.06 parts of bile acid, 0.07 parts of silymarin, 0.02 parts of composite antioxidant (type I), 0.5 parts of vitamin premix feed for marine fish, and 1 part of trace element premix feed for marine fish.
[0010] The present invention also provides a method for overwintering California bass, which uses the above-mentioned California bass feed combination for feeding, and the breeding method comprises the following steps:
[0011] S1. Feed California bass with winter feed in winter. When the water temperature is between 18 and 25°C, feed once a day at 17:30 to 18:30 in the afternoon; when the water temperature is below 18°C, feed once every two days at 17:30 to 18:30 in the afternoon, and control the feeding rate at 1.5 to 2.0%;
[0012] S2. Feed California bass with spring feed twice a day, 6:30-7:30 a.m. and 18:00-19:00 p.m., and the feeding rate is controlled at 1.5-2%;
[0013] S3. After the California bass completes spawning / sperming, feed the California bass postpartum recovery feed, feed twice a day, 6:00-7:00 in the morning and 18:00-19:00 in the afternoon, and control the feeding rate at 1%-1.5%.
[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: according to the growth characteristics of California bass during overwintering aquaculture, the present invention configures feeds with specific formulas in three time periods: winter, spring and after reproduction, and formulates specific feeding strategies to meet the nutritional needs of California bass at different stages during overwintering aquaculture. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Figure 1 This is a section of the midgut tissue of California seabass. VH, VW, and ML represent the villus height, villus width, and basal thickness, respectively; scale bar = 500 μm.
[0016] Figure 2 This is a tissue section of the liver of California sea bass. The black arrow indicates the cell nucleus; scale bar = 20 μm. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0018] Example 1
[0019] Prepare the California bass feed combination according to the following formula:
[0020] California bass winter feed
[0021] The invention is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of 68% Peruvian super steam fish meal, 10 parts of 62% basa fish fillet meal, 18 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of enzymatic chicken meal, 0.4 parts of spray-dried porcine hemoglobulin powder, 7 parts of soybean concentrated protein, 10 parts of 60% cottonseed meal, 4.5 parts of grade I flour, 4.5 parts of cassava starch, 0.5 parts of α-starch, 3 parts of brewer's yeast extract, 2 parts of fish soluble slurry, 8 parts of grade III soybean oil, 1.81 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05 parts of propionic acid type solid mildew inhibitor, 0.06 parts of bile acid, 0.06 parts of silymarin, 0.02 parts of composite antioxidant (type I), 0.5 parts of vitamin premix feed for marine fish and 1 part of trace element premix feed for marine fish.
[0022] California bass spring feed
[0023] The invention is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 27 parts of 68% Peruvian super steam fish meal, 28 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of enzymatic chicken meal, 0.4 parts of spray-dried porcine hemoglobin powder, 7 parts of concentrated soybean protein, 4 parts of grade I flour, 4 parts of cassava starch, 3 parts of brewer's yeast extract, 2 parts of fish slurry, 7 parts of marine fish oil, 2.18 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05 parts of astragalus polysaccharide, 0.05 parts of vitamin C, 0.03 parts of vitamin E, 0.05 parts of propionic acid type solid mildew inhibitor, 0.06 parts of bile acid, 0.06 parts of silymarin, 0.02 parts of composite antioxidant (type I), 0.5 parts of vitamin premix feed for marine fish and 1 parts of trace element premix feed for marine fish.
[0024] California bass postpartum recovery feed
[0025] The invention is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of enzymatic fish protein peptide, 15 parts of 68% Peruvian super steam fish meal, 28 parts of fermented soybean meal, 7 parts of enzymatic chicken meal, 4 parts of spray-dried porcine hemoglobin powder, 7 parts of soybean concentrated protein, 4 parts of grade I flour, 4 parts of cassava starch, 3 parts of brewer's yeast extract, 2 parts of fish slurry, 7 parts of marine fish oil, 2.12 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05 parts of motherwort extract, 0.05 parts of astragalus polysaccharide, 0.05 parts of vitamin C, 0.03 parts of vitamin E, 0.05 parts of propionic acid type solid mildew inhibitor, 0.06 parts of bile acid, 0.07 parts of silymarin, 0.02 parts of composite antioxidant (type I), 0.5 parts of vitamin premix feed for marine fish and 1 parts of trace element premix feed for marine fish.
[0026] Example 2
[0027] 1. Experimental subjects and experimental design
[0028] A total of 1000 California bass weighing (95.16±1.14) g were selected and randomly divided into two groups, with 5 replicates in each group and 100 fish in each replicate.
[0029] The conventional feed of California bass was used as a control, and the experimental group was fed with the California bass feed combination configured in Example 1. In the first stage of winter, from November 10 to January 10, the overwintering feed was fed; in the second stage of spring, from January 11 to March 11, the spring feed was fed; in the third stage, from March 12 to April 12, the postpartum repair feed was fed.
[0030] 2. Experimental time, location and feeding management
[0031] Location: Tongwei Zhuhai Base
[0032] Time: November 10, 2023 to April 12, 2024, with the fish divided and feeding started on November 10, 2023, and the fish collected on April 12, 2024, for a total of 150 days of breeding.
[0033] Control group: Feed twice a day: 6:30-7:30 in the morning and 18:00-19:00 in the afternoon, and feed when full.
[0034] Experimental group: In the first stage, the rats were fed once a day at 17:30-18:30, and the feeding rate was controlled at 1.5-2.0%; in the second stage, the rats were fed twice a day, and each meal was fed to 70% full, and the feeding time was 6:30-7:30 and 18:00-19:00 respectively, and the feeding rate was controlled at 1.5-2%; in the third stage, the rats were fed twice a day, and each meal was fed to 70% full, and the feeding time was 6:30-7:30 in the morning and 18:00-19:00 in the afternoon, and the feeding rate was controlled at 1.5-2%.
[0035] 3. Observation indicators
[0036] Growth indicators: feeding rate, survival rate, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, feed coefficient;
[0037] Body indicators: fatness, organ-to-body ratio, liver-to-body ratio.
[0038] 4. Sample Collection and Analysis
[0039] After feeding for 150 days, the test fish were starved for 24 hours, then counted and weighed. Three fish were randomly taken from the net cage, dried at 105℃, and the conventional composition was determined. Ten fish were taken to determine the body shape index. Three fish were taken, the liver and intestine were taken, fixed with paraformaldehyde for 24 hours, rinsed with running water, gradually dehydrated with gradient ethanol, transparentized with xylene, embedded in paraffin, sliced with a thickness of 5μm, stained with HE, and air-dried naturally after sealing.
[0040] The analysis of feed, raw materials and fish body composition all adopted the AOAC (1995) method. Among them, the moisture content was dried to constant weight at 105℃.
[0041] 5. Calculation formula
[0042] Feeding rate (%) = 100 × dry weight of feed intake / [number of days of breeding × (final total weight + initial total weight) / 2)]
[0043] Weight gain rate (%) = 100 × (final weight - initial weight) / initial weight;
[0044] Specific growth rate (%) = 100 × [ln final weight (g) - ln initial weight (g)] / test days (d);
[0045] Feed coefficient = total dry matter intake (g) / total fish weight gain (g);
[0046] Fatness = 100 × body weight (g) / body length (cm) 3 ;
[0047] Viscera to body ratio (%) = 100 × viscera weight (g) / body weight (g);
[0048] Liver-to-body ratio (%) = 100 × liver weight (g) / body weight (g).
[0049] 6. Test results
[0050] 6.1 Growth performance
[0051] Table 1 Comparison of growth performance between experimental group and control group
[0052]
[0053] As shown in Table 1, compared with the control group, the food intake, weight gain rate and specific growth rate of the experimental group were significantly increased, the survival rate was also significantly increased, and the feed coefficient was significantly reduced.
[0054] 6.2 Body shape index
[0055] Table 2 Comparison of morphological indicators between the experimental group and the control group
[0056]
[0057] As shown in Table 2, compared with the control group, the fatness, organ-to-body ratio and liver-to-body ratio of the experimental group were significantly reduced.
[0058] 6.3 Midgut morphological parameters
[0059] Table 3 Comparison of intestinal morphological parameters between the experimental group and the control group
[0060]
[0061]
[0062] The midgut structures of the California bass in both the control and experimental groups were intact, with smooth intestinal mucosa and sufficient goblet cells, but the intestinal villi in the experimental group were more neatly and tightly arranged ( Figure 1 ). The height, width and thickness of intestinal villi in the experimental group showed a significant upward trend compared with those in the control group (Table 3), indicating that their intestines were healthier.
[0063] 6.4 Liver Histomorphology
[0064] like Figure 2 As shown, compared with the control group, the experimental group had significantly improved liver cell enlargement and blurred outlines, and the number of cell nuclei increased and the inflammatory lesions decreased, indicating that their livers were healthier.
[0065] In summary: compared with the control group, the growth performance, survival rate and feed utilization rate of the California bass in the experimental group were significantly increased; and the intestinal and liver health of the California bass in the experimental group were significantly improved.
[0066] The specification and drawings of the present invention are considered to be illustrative rather than restrictive. On the basis of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make some substitutions and modifications to some of the technical features according to the disclosed technical content without creative labor, all of which are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A California bass feed combination, characterized in that: It comprises California bass wintering feed, California bass spring feed and California bass postpartum repair feed; the California bass wintering feed, California bass spring feed and California bass postpartum repair feed are used for California bass breeding in winter, spring and postpartum respectively.
2. The California bass feed combination according to claim 1, characterized in that: The California seabass wintering feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of 68% Peruvian super steam fish meal, 10 parts of 62% basa fish fillet meal, 18 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of enzymatic chicken meal, 0.4 parts of spray-dried porcine hemoglobin powder, 7 parts of soybean concentrated protein, 10 parts of 60% cottonseed meal, 4.5 parts of grade I flour, 4.5 parts of cassava starch, 0.5 parts of α-starch, 3 parts of brewer's yeast extract, 2 parts of fish soluble slurry, 8 parts of grade III soybean oil, 1.81 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05 parts of propionic acid type solid mildew inhibitor, 0.06 parts of bile acid, 0.06 parts of silymarin, 0.02 parts of composite antioxidant (type I), 0.5 parts of vitamin premix feed for marine fish, and 1 part of trace element premix feed for marine fish.
3. The California bass feed combination according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spring feed for California sea bass is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 27 parts of 68% Peruvian super steam fish meal, 28 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of enzymatic chicken meal, 0.4 parts of spray-dried porcine hemoglobin powder, 7 parts of soybean concentrated protein, 4 parts of grade I flour, 4 parts of cassava starch, 3 parts of brewer's yeast extract, 2 parts of fish slurry, 7 parts of marine fish oil, 2.18 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05 parts of astragalus polysaccharide, 0.05 parts of vitamin C, 0.03 parts of vitamin E, 0.05 parts of propionic acid type solid mildew inhibitor, 0.06 parts of bile acid, 0.06 parts of silymarin, 0.02 parts of composite antioxidant (type I), 0.5 parts of vitamin premix feed for marine fish, and 1 part of trace element premix feed for marine fish.
4. The California bass feed combination according to claim 1, characterized in that: The California seabass postpartum recovery feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of enzymatic fish protein peptides, 15 parts of 68% Peruvian super steam fish meal, 28 parts of fermented soybean meal, 7 parts of enzymatic chicken meal, 4 parts of spray-dried porcine hemoglobin powder, 7 parts of soybean concentrated protein, 4 parts of grade I flour, 4 parts of cassava starch, 3 parts of brewer's yeast extract, 2 parts of fish slurry, 7 parts of marine fish oil, 2.12 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05 parts of motherwort extract, 0.05 parts of astragalus polysaccharide, 0.05 parts of vitamin C, 0.03 parts of vitamin E, 0.05 parts of propionic acid solid mildew inhibitor, 0.06 parts of bile acid, 0.07 parts of silymarin, 0.02 parts of composite antioxidant (type I), 0.5 parts of vitamin premix feed for marine fish, and 1 part of trace element premix feed for marine fish.
5. A method for overwintering California bass, characterized in that: The California bass feed combination according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is used for feeding, and the breeding method comprises the following steps: S1. Feed California bass with winter feed in winter. When the water temperature is between 18 and 25°C, feed once a day at 17:30 to 18:30 in the afternoon; when the water temperature is below 18°C, feed once every two days at 17:30 to 18:30 in the afternoon, and control the feeding rate at 1.5 to 2.0%; S2. Feed California bass with spring feed twice a day, 6:30-7:30 in the morning and 18:00-19:00 in the afternoon, and the feeding rate is controlled at 1.5-2%; S3. After the California bass completes spawning / sperming, feed the California bass postpartum recovery feed, feed twice a day, 6:00-7:00 in the morning and 18:00-19:00 in the afternoon, and control the feeding rate at 1%-1.5%.