Crushing device for aluminum ash recovery and self-cleaning method

Abstract

The invention provides a crushing device for aluminum ash recovery and a self-cleaning method, and relates to the technical field of aluminum ash recovery. The crushing device comprises a box body, a rotor is rotationally arranged in the box body, a hammer head is arranged on the rotor, a grate screen is arranged in the box body below the rotating track of the hammer head, the grate screen comprises a bracket, a plurality of grates are arranged on the bracket, a plurality of division bars are arranged between every two adjacent grates, slotted holes for accommodating the end parts of the division bars are formed in the side walls of the grates, and upper and lower bag bodies are arranged in the slotted holes in the peripheries of the end parts of the division bars; an upper pipeline and a lower pipeline which are communicated with the upper bag body and the lower bag body are arranged in the grate and are communicated with different pressure control systems which are used for controlling the liquid medium to enter and exit from the upper pipeline and the lower pipeline and controlling the pressure of the liquid medium. The self-cleaning method comprises the following steps: a liquid medium circularly flows in the upper pipeline and the lower pipeline to heat the grate screen; the upper bag body and the lower bag body expand and contract to enable the parting strip to jump; and the upper and lower bag bodies expand to fix the division bars. The screen can be automatically heated to dry materials blocked or attached to the screen, and the materials are shaken off to achieve self-cleaning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum ash recovery, and in particular to a crushing device for aluminum ash recovery and a self-cleaning method. Background Art

[0002] Activated alumina, also known as activated bauxite, is usually called "activated alumina" when used in catalysts. It is a porous, highly dispersed solid material with a large surface area. Its microporous surface has the characteristics required for catalysis, such as adsorption performance, surface activity, excellent thermal stability, etc., so it is widely used as a catalyst and catalyst carrier for chemical reactions.

[0003] Metallic aluminum is extremely easy to oxidize. During the electrolytic aluminum production process, the molten aluminum and the oxygen in the furnace come into contact and react to produce a large amount of aluminum ash. The main substances contained in the aluminum ash are aluminum oxide, metallic aluminum, carbides, nitrides, salts and other metal oxides. The recovery of aluminum ash can achieve resource recycling, environmental protection and economic benefit improvement. The recovery of metallic aluminum in aluminum ash can produce activated alumina.

[0004] In the prior art, aluminum ash needs to be crushed and dispersed after recovery. The screen of the current crusher is easily blocked due to reasons such as wet materials or a large number of fine particles. The screen needs to be dried and cleaned regularly to ensure the normal operation of the crusher. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to develop a crushing device and a self-cleaning method for recovering aluminum ash which can heat the screen by itself to dry the materials blocked or attached to the screen and shake off the materials to achieve self-cleaning.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A crushing device for aluminum ash recovery, comprising:

[0008] A box body, with a feed inlet at the top;

[0009] A rotor is rotatably disposed in the box;

[0010] A hammer head, provided on the rotor;

[0011] A striking plate is arranged in the box body on the side of the hammer head rotation track;

[0012] The grate screen is arranged in the box below the rotating track of the hammer head, and includes:

[0013] A bracket connected to the box body;

[0014] A plurality of grates are arranged on a bracket;

[0015] A plurality of partition bars are arranged between two adjacent grid bars;

[0016] The screening plate is arranged in the box below the grate screen;

[0017] The side wall of the grating bar is provided with a slot hole for accommodating the end of the partition bar, the slot hole outside the end of the partition bar is provided with an upper bladder body and a lower bladder body, and the grating bar is provided with an upper pipeline connected to the upper bladder body and a lower pipeline connected to the lower bladder body;

[0018] The upper pipeline and the lower pipeline are respectively connected to different pressure control systems, which control the liquid medium entering and exiting the upper pipeline and the lower pipeline and the pressure of the liquid medium in the upper pipeline and the lower pipeline. The pressure control system includes a heater controlled by an automatic temperature control system for heating the liquid medium.

[0019] Optionally, a plurality of the grate bars are arranged on the bracket at equal intervals and in parallel with each other, the partition bars are arranged perpendicular to the grate bars, and the plurality of the partition bars are arranged on the grate bars at equal intervals.

[0020] Optionally, the partition bar is cylindrical, the slot is cylindrical with an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the partition bar, the upper capsule and the lower capsule are both cylindrical with a depth matching the depth of the slot and a semicircular cross-section, the inner diameter of the upper capsule and the lower capsule are matched with the outer diameter of the partition bar, and the outer diameter is matched with the inner diameter of the slot.

[0021] Optionally, the spacing between the inner end faces of the slots on both sides of the partition bar is greater than the length of the partition bar, a pull rope is connected at the center of the two ends of the partition bar, and the other end of the pull rope is connected to the center of the inner end face of the slot, and the sum of the lengths of the two pull ropes and the partition bar is greater than the spacing between the inner end faces of the two slots.

[0022] Optionally, a heating wire is arranged in the partition bar, and an electric wire passes through the interior of the grate bar and the interior of the pull rope and enters the partition bar to be electrically connected to the heating wire.

[0023] Optionally, the pressure control system includes a liquid medium container, which is connected to the two ends of the corresponding upper pipeline or lower pipeline through a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid return pipe respectively. The liquid inlet pipe is provided with a pressure pump and a first solenoid valve in sequence according to the flow direction of the liquid medium, and the liquid return pipe is provided with a second solenoid valve and a reflux pump in sequence according to the flow direction of the liquid medium. The liquid return pipe is also provided with a filter, and the heater is arranged in the liquid medium container.

[0024] Optionally, there is a gap between the edge of the screen plate and the inner wall of the box, an elastic diaphragm is provided between the edge of the screen plate and the inner wall of the box, a plurality of support plates are provided on the side of the box at the bottom of the edge of the screen plate, a spring connected to the bottom edge of the screen plate is provided on the support plate, and a vibration motor is also provided at the bottom of the edge of the screen plate.

[0025] Optionally, the screen plate is tilted, a discharge port is opened on the box at the lower end of the screen plate, a first material basket is placed on the side of the discharge port, a second material basket is placed in the box below the screen plate, an inclined material guide plate is provided in the box between the screen plate and the grate screen, a discharge port is provided at the lower end of the material guide plate, and the discharge port is located above the higher end of the screen plate.

[0026] Optionally, the striking plate is tilted, with its bottom end close to the rotor and its top end away from the rotor, and the grate screen is in an arc shape that matches the rotation trajectory of the hammer head, and one end of the grate screen is connected to the bottom end of the striking plate.

[0027] A self-cleaning method for a crushing device for aluminum ash recovery comprises the following steps:

[0028] S1. The heater heats the liquid medium, and the pressure control system allows the liquid medium to circulate in the upper and lower pipes to heat the grate bars. The entire grate screen is heated to heat and dry the materials that are blocked or attached to the grate screen;

[0029] S2. The heater stops heating, and the pressure control system controls the inlet and outlet and pressure of the liquid medium in the upper and lower pipelines, so that the upper bladder expands or contracts, and the lower bladder contracts or expands, so that the partition bar continuously jumps in the slot hole, and the dried material on the grate screen is shaken off, realizing automatic cleaning;

[0030] S3. The pressure control system pumps liquid medium into the upper and lower pipelines and maintains pressure. The upper and lower bladders expand and come into close contact with the spacers. The spacers are fixed and the grate screen can work normally.

[0031] Among them, in step S2, the jumping of the partition bar includes resetting and jumping, the resetting makes the partition bar be at the lower part of the slot hole, and the jumping makes the partition bar bounce up;

[0032] When the spacer is reset, the liquid medium in the lower bladder is evacuated and enters the upper bladder. At this time, the lower bladder shrinks, and the upper bladder expands and pushes the end of the spacer into the lower part of the slot.

[0033] When the spacer bar jumps, the liquid medium in the upper bladder is evacuated, and the liquid medium quickly enters the lower bladder body, the upper bladder body shrinks, and the lower bladder body expands quickly to make the end of the spacer bar bounce up.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0035] The partition bars of the grate screen of the present invention are fixed by the upper and lower bladder bodies filled with liquid medium. When the grate screen is screening materials and collides with materials thrown by the hammer head, the partition bars can move slightly elastically inside the upper and lower bladder bodies to buffer the impact of the materials and provide them with certain protection.

[0036] When the grate screen becomes clogged and needs self-cleaning after working for a period of time, the electric heating wire heats the partition bars, and the heated liquid medium circulates through the upper and lower pipelines to heat the grate bars. The grate screen is heated to dry the attached materials, and the pressure control system of the upper and lower pipelines controls the liquid medium in the upper and lower capsules to achieve the jumping of the partition bars, shake off the attached materials, realize self-cleaning, greatly reduce the frequency of removing the grate screen, and increase the working time of the crusher. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the grate screen;

[0040] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the slot structure;

[0041] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the pressure control system structure.

[0042] Figure numerals: 1. box body; 2. feed inlet; 3. striking plate; 4. rotor; 5. hammer head; 6. bracket; 7. grate bar; 8. guide plate; 9. screening plate; 10. support plate; 11. spring; 12. second basket; 13. elastic diaphragm; 14. first basket; 15. partition bar; 16. slot hole; 17. pull rope; 18. upper pipeline; 19. upper bladder; 20. lower bladder; 21. lower pipeline; 22. liquid medium container; 23. liquid inlet pipe; 24. booster pump; 25. first solenoid valve; 26. second solenoid valve; 27. reflux pump; 28. liquid return pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In the following, only some exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the described embodiments may be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the drawings and descriptions are considered to be exemplary and non-restrictive in nature.

[0044] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation to the present invention.

[0045] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the present invention discloses a crushing device for aluminum ash recovery, including a box body 1, in which a cylindrical rotor 4 with a horizontal rotating axis is rotatably arranged, a plurality of hammer heads 5 are evenly arranged on the outer wall of the rotor 4, and a driving source is correspondingly arranged on the side of the box body 1 to drive the rotor 4 to rotate.

[0047] A striking plate 3 is provided in the box body 1 on the side of the rotating track of the hammer head 5. The striking plate 3 is tilted, with its bottom end close to the rotor 4 and its top end away from the rotor 4. A feed port 2 is provided on the top of the box body 1 above the striking plate 3.

[0048] A bar screen is provided at the lower part of the rotating track of the hammer head 5. The bar screen is connected to the box body 1. The bar screen is in an arc shape that matches the rotating track of the hammer head 5. One end of the bar screen is connected to the bottom end of the striking plate 3. The bar screen includes a bracket 6 connected to the box body 1. The bracket 6 is provided with a plurality of bar screens 7 that are parallel to each other and arranged at equal intervals. The bracket 6 is a frame structure. The ends of the plurality of bar screens 7 are fixedly mounted on the bracket 6. A plurality of cylindrical spacers 15 are provided between two adjacent bar screens 7. The spacers 15 are arranged vertically to the bar screens 7. The plurality of spacers 15 are arranged at equal intervals on the bar screens 7.

[0049] A cylindrical slot 16 for accommodating the spacer 15 is provided on the side wall of the grate bar 7. The inner diameter of the slot 16 is larger than the outer diameter of the spacer 15. The spacing between the inner end surfaces of the slot 16 on both sides of the spacer 15 is larger than the length of the spacer 15, that is, the two ends of the spacer 15 can slide axially in the slot 16.

[0050] A pull rope 17 is connected at the center of both ends of the spacer bar 15, and the other end of the pull rope 17 is connected to the center of the inner end surface of the slot hole 16. The sum of the lengths of the two pull ropes 17 and the spacer bar 15 is greater than the distance between the inner end surfaces of the two slot holes 16, that is, the pull rope 17 will not hinder the axial sliding of the spacer bar 15 in the slot hole 16. The main purpose of the pull rope 17 is to prevent the spacer bar 15 from falling from the slot hole 16. A heating wire is arranged in the spacer bar 15, and the wire passes through the inside of the grate bar 7 and the inside of the pull rope 17 and enters the spacer bar 15 to be electrically connected with the heating wire.

[0051] An upper bladder 19 and a lower bladder 20 are provided in the slot 16. The upper bladder 19 and the lower bladder 20 have the same shape and certain elasticity. They are both cylindrical with a depth matching the depth of the slot 16 and a semicircular cross-section. Their inner diameters match the outer diameters of the partition bars 15 and their outer diameters match the inner diameters of the slot 16. The elastic modulus of the inner side surfaces of the upper bladder 19 and the lower bladder 20, that is, the side surfaces in contact with the partition bars 15, are smaller than other parts, so that when the internal pressure of the upper bladder 19 and the lower bladder 20 reaches a certain level, the expansion degree of the inner side surfaces is greater than that of other parts. The upper bladder 19 and the lower bladder 20 are connected to the inner end surface of the slot 16 and are symmetrically arranged in the slot 16 from top to bottom. The upper pipeline 18 and the lower pipeline 21 are provided in the grate bar 7. The upper pipeline 18 is connected to the upper bladders 19 in all the slots 16 on the grate bar 7, and the lower pipeline 21 is connected to the lower bladders 20 in all the slots 16 on the grate bar 7.

[0052] The upper pipeline 18 and the lower pipeline 21 are respectively connected to different pressure control systems. The pressure control system includes a liquid medium container 22, which is connected to both ends of the upper pipeline 18 or the lower pipeline 21 through a liquid inlet pipe 23 and a liquid return pipe 28. The liquid medium enters the upper pipeline 18 or the lower pipeline 21 through the liquid inlet pipe 23 and flows back to the liquid medium container 22 through the liquid return pipe 28. The liquid inlet pipe 23 is provided with a pressure pump 24 and a first electromagnetic valve 25 in sequence according to the flow direction of the liquid medium. The liquid return pipe 28 is provided with a second electromagnetic valve 26 and a reflux pump 27 in sequence according to the flow direction of the liquid medium. A filter is also provided on the liquid return pipe 28. A heater controlled by an automatic temperature control system is provided in the liquid medium container 22, and the heater heats the liquid medium.

[0053] A material guide plate 8 is arranged in the box body 1 at the lower part of the grate screen. The material guide plate 8 is arranged obliquely, and a material discharge port is arranged at the lower end of the material guide plate 8.

[0054] A screening plate 9 is provided in the box body 1 below the guide plate 8. The screening plate 9 is covered with a plurality of screening holes. The screening plate 9 is tilted. The higher end of the screening plate 9 is below the discharge port of the guide plate 8. A discharge port is provided on the box body 1 at the lower end of the screening plate 9. A first material basket 14 is placed on the side of the discharge port. A second material basket 12 is placed in the box body 1 below the screening plate 9. There is a gap between the edge of the screening plate 9 and the inner wall of the box body 1. An elastic diaphragm 13 is provided between the edge of the screening plate 9 and the inner wall of the box body 1. The elastic diaphragm 13 blocks the gap between the screening plate 9 and the box body 1.

[0055] A plurality of support plates 10 are provided on the side of the box body 1 at the bottom edge of the screening plate 9. The support plates 10 are provided with springs 11 connected to the bottom edge of the screening plate 9. A vibration motor is also provided at the bottom edge of the screening plate 9. The vibration motor operates to vibrate the screening plate 9.

[0056] The material enters the box 1 from the feed inlet 2, and the rotor 4 rotates clockwise to drive the hammer 5 to rotate. The hammer 5 cooperates with the striking plate 3 and the grate screen to impact and crush the material. The crushed material passes through the grate screen and falls on the guide plate 8. The material slides on the guide plate 8 and falls from the discharge port to the higher end of the screening plate 9. The vibration motor runs to vibrate the screening plate 9, and the material slides along the screening plate 9 to its lower end. In this process, small-size materials pass through the screening plate 9 and enter the second material basket 12, and large-size materials enter the first material basket 14 from the lower end of the screening plate 9. The small-size materials continue to be crushed and screened, and the large-size materials contain metal aluminum, which is subsequently processed to achieve metal aluminum recovery.

[0057] The present invention also discloses a self-cleaning method of the above-mentioned crushing device for aluminum ash recovery, comprising the following steps:

[0058] S1. The heating wire heats up the spacer bar 15, the heater in the liquid medium container 22 heats the liquid medium, the first solenoid valve 25 and the second solenoid valve 26 are opened, the booster pump 24 and the reflux pump 27 are operated to make the liquid medium circulate in the upper pipeline 18 and the lower pipeline 21 to heat the grate bar 7, and the entire grate screen is heated to heat and dry the materials that are blocked or attached to the grate screen;

[0059] S2. The heating wire and the heater stop heating, and the pressure control system controls the inlet and outlet and pressure of the liquid medium in the upper pipe 18 and the lower pipe 21, so that the upper capsule 19 expands or contracts and the lower capsule 20 contracts or expands, so that the partition bar 15 continuously jumps in the slot 16, so as to shake off the dried material on the grate screen and realize automatic cleaning;

[0060] S3. The second solenoid valve 26 is closed, the first solenoid valve 25 is opened, and the pressure pump 24 pumps the liquid medium into the upper pipeline 18 or the lower pipeline 21 and pressurizes it. Then, the first solenoid valve 25 is closed, the pressure pump 24 stops running, and a certain pressure is maintained in the upper pipeline 18, the lower pipeline 21 and the corresponding upper bladders 19 and lower bladders 20. The upper bladders 19 and the lower bladders 20 expand and are in close contact with the spacer 15. The spacer 15 is fixed, and the grate screen can work normally.

[0061] Among them, in step S2, the jumping of the partition bar 15 includes resetting and jumping, the resetting makes the partition bar 15 be located at the lower part of the slot hole 16, and the jumping makes the partition bar 15 bounce up;

[0062] When the spacer 15 is reset, in the pressure control system of the lower pipeline 21, the first solenoid valve 25 is closed, the second solenoid valve 26 is opened, and the reflux pump 27 evacuates the liquid medium in the lower pipeline 21 and the lower capsule 20. In the pressure control system of the upper pipeline 18, the first solenoid valve 25 is opened, the second solenoid valve 26 is closed, and the booster pump 24 operates to pump the liquid medium into the upper pipeline 18 and the upper capsule 19. At this time, the lower capsule 20 is deflated, and the upper capsule 19 is expanded and pushes the end of the spacer 15 into the lower part of the slot 16.

[0063] When the partition bar 15 jumps, in the pressure control system of the upper pipeline 18, the first solenoid valve 25 is closed, the second solenoid valve 26 is opened, and the reflux pump 27 is operated to evacuate the liquid medium in the upper pipeline 18 and the upper capsule 19; in the pressure control system of the lower pipeline 21, the second solenoid valve 26 is closed, the first solenoid valve 25 is opened, and the pressure pump 24 is operated at high speed to quickly pump the liquid medium into and fill the lower pipeline 21 and the lower capsule 20; the lower capsule 20 expands rapidly to push the end of the partition bar 15 to the top of the slot 16, thereby realizing the jumping of the partition bar 15.

[0064] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not limitations of the technical solutions of the present invention. Any technical solution that can be implemented on the basis of the above embodiments without creative work should be deemed to fall within the scope of protection of the patent of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crushing device for aluminum ash recovery, characterized in that: include: A box body, with a feed inlet at the top; A rotor is rotatably disposed in the box; A hammer head, provided on the rotor; A striking plate is arranged in the box body on the side of the hammer head rotation track; The grate screen is arranged in the box below the rotating track of the hammer head, and includes: A bracket connected to the box body; A plurality of grates are arranged on a bracket; A plurality of partition bars are arranged between two adjacent grid bars; The screening plate is arranged in the box below the grate screen; The side wall of the grating bar is provided with a slot hole for accommodating the end of the partition bar, the slot hole outside the end of the partition bar is provided with an upper bladder body and a lower bladder body, and the grating bar is provided with an upper pipeline connected to the upper bladder body and a lower pipeline connected to the lower bladder body; The upper pipeline and the lower pipeline are respectively connected to different pressure control systems, which control the liquid medium entering and exiting the upper pipeline and the lower pipeline and the pressure of the liquid medium in the upper pipeline and the lower pipeline. The pressure control system includes a heater controlled by an automatic temperature control system for heating the liquid medium.

2. The crushing device for aluminum ash recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of grate bars are arranged on the bracket at equal intervals and in parallel with each other, the partition bars are arranged perpendicular to the grate bars, and the plurality of partition bars are arranged on the grate bars at equal intervals.

3. The crushing device for aluminum ash recovery according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The partition bar is cylindrical, the slot hole is cylindrical with an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the partition bar, the upper capsule and the lower capsule are both cylindrical with a depth matching the depth of the slot hole and a semicircular cross-section, the inner diameter of the upper capsule and the lower capsule are matched with the outer diameter of the partition bar, and the outer diameter is matched with the inner diameter of the slot hole.

4. The crushing device for aluminum ash recovery according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The spacing between the inner end faces of the slot holes on both sides of the partition bar is greater than the length of the partition bar. A pull rope is connected at the center of the two ends of the partition bar, and the other end of the pull rope is connected to the center of the inner end face of the slot hole. The sum of the lengths of the two pull ropes and the partition bar is greater than the spacing between the inner end faces of the two slot holes.

5. The crushing device for aluminum ash recovery according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A heating wire is arranged in the partition bar, and an electric wire passes through the inside of the grate bar and the inside of the pull rope and enters the partition bar to be electrically connected with the heating wire.

6. The crushing device for aluminum ash recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure control system includes a liquid medium container, which is connected to the two ends of the corresponding upper pipeline or lower pipeline through a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid return pipe respectively. A pressure pump and a first solenoid valve are sequentially arranged on the liquid inlet pipe according to the flow direction of the liquid medium, and a second solenoid valve and a reflux pump are sequentially arranged on the liquid return pipe according to the flow direction of the liquid medium. A filter is also arranged on the liquid return pipe, and the heater is arranged in the liquid medium container.

7. The crushing device for aluminum ash recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is a gap between the edge of the screen plate and the inner wall of the box, an elastic diaphragm is provided between the edge of the screen plate and the inner wall of the box, a plurality of support plates are provided on the side of the box at the bottom of the edge of the screen plate, a spring connected to the bottom edge of the screen plate is provided on the support plate, and a vibration motor is also provided at the bottom of the edge of the screen plate.

8. The crushing device for aluminum ash recovery according to claim 7, characterized in that: The screen plate is arranged at an angle, and a discharge port is opened on the box at the lower end of the screen plate, a first material basket is placed on the side of the discharge port, a second material basket is placed in the box below the screen plate, an inclined material guide plate is arranged in the box between the screen plate and the grate screen, and a discharge port is arranged at the lower end of the material guide plate, and the discharge port is located above the higher end of the screen plate.

9. The crushing device for aluminum ash recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The striking plate is tilted, with its bottom end close to the rotor and its top end away from the rotor. The grate screen is in an arc shape that matches the rotation trajectory of the hammer head, and one end of the grate screen is connected to the bottom end of the striking plate.

10. A self-cleaning method for a crushing device for aluminum ash recovery according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. The heater heats the liquid medium, and the pressure control system allows the liquid medium to circulate in the upper and lower pipes to heat the grate bars. The entire grate screen is heated to heat and dry the materials that are blocked or attached to the grate screen; S2. The heater stops heating, and the pressure control system controls the inlet and outlet and pressure of the liquid medium in the upper and lower pipelines, so that the upper bladder expands or contracts, and the lower bladder contracts or expands, so that the partition bar continuously jumps in the slot hole, and the dried material on the grate screen is shaken off, realizing automatic cleaning; S3. The pressure control system pumps liquid medium into the upper and lower pipelines and maintains pressure. The upper and lower bladders expand and come into close contact with the spacers. The spacers are fixed and the grate screen can work normally. Among them, in step S2, the jumping of the partition bar includes resetting and jumping, the resetting makes the partition bar be at the lower part of the slot hole, and the jumping makes the partition bar bounce up; When the spacer is reset, the liquid medium in the lower bladder is evacuated and enters the upper bladder. At this time, the lower bladder shrinks, and the upper bladder expands and pushes the end of the spacer into the lower part of the slot. When the spacer bar jumps, the liquid medium in the upper bladder is evacuated, and the liquid medium quickly enters the lower bladder body, the upper bladder body shrinks, and the lower bladder body expands quickly to make the end of the spacer bar bounce up.

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