Axle machining system and method for realizing automatic feeding and discharging

Abstract

The application provides an axle machining system and method for realizing automatic feeding and discharging, wherein the axle machining system for realizing automatic feeding and discharging comprises an axle, a numerical control lathe, a headstock center, a tailstock center and a plurality of positioning mechanisms; and the axle machining method for realizing automatic feeding and discharging comprises an axle automatic feeding method and an axle automatic discharging method. The application can improve the production efficiency and machining precision of the axle.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of axle machining, in particular, especially relates to an axle machining system and method capable of automatic feeding and discharging. BACKGROUND

[0002] The lathe center is a key core component of the numerical control lathe, mainly used for supporting and clamping workpieces, and is widely used in metal processing, automobile manufacturing, aerospace and other fields. The truss manipulator is an important device for processing and production, which replaces part of the physical work of the operator. With the continuous improvement of intelligent manufacturing technology and industrial demand, the traditional lathe center cannot meet the production demand, and the truss manipulator is more manually controlled by the operator. The precision and efficiency of processing are low.

[0003] In addition, the existing technical solution has poor automation capability. When processing the rotary body parts, manual adjustment or replacement of the lathe center is required, and the coaxiality of the rotary body parts cannot be guaranteed during secondary clamping. At the same time, the lathe center cannot be combined with other equipment (such as the truss manipulator) for operation, resulting in that the equipment is in a non-processing process for a long time, which directly affects the production efficiency of the production line and increases the cost of the enterprise.

[0004] In order to improve the production efficiency and processing precision, it is urgent to reform the structure of the traditional lathe center, integrate sensor technology, and communicate with the truss manipulator to build an axle machining system with automatic feeding and discharging function, and design an axle machining method applied to the above system. SUMMARY

[0005] According to the above technical problems, an axle machining system and method capable of automatic feeding and discharging are provided.

[0006] The technical means adopted by the present application are as follows:

[0007] In the first aspect, an axle processing system for realizing automatic loading and unloading comprises: an axle; a center hole and a plurality of process holes uniformly surrounding the center hole are formed on both end faces of the axle, and the axis of the process hole is parallel to the axis of the center hole; a CNC lathe; the CNC lathe can process the axle; a headstock top; the headstock top is coaxially mounted on the headstock of the CNC lathe, and the side wall of the headstock top can fit with the side wall of the center hole; a tailstock top; the tailstock top is coaxially mounted on the tailstock of the CNC lathe, and the side wall of the tailstock top can fit with the side wall of the center hole; and further comprises: a plurality of positioning mechanisms; the positioning mechanism comprises a spring , a stop pin and a pressure sensor, one end of the spring is installed on the stop pin, the axis of the stop pin and the axis of the spring are located in the same straight line, and the signal input end of the pressure sensor is connected to the spring; the number of the positioning mechanisms is consistent with the number of process holes on one end face of the axle, and the several positioning mechanisms are installed on the head seat of the CNC lathe and are evenly surrounded outside the top of the head seat; the axis of the spring is parallel to the axis of the top of the head seat, and the end of the spring away from the stop pin is installed on the head seat of the CNC lathe, and the side wall of the stop pin can be fitted with the side wall of the process hole, and the signal output end of the pressure sensor is connected to the signal input end of the CNC lathe.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a mounting seat, and the head seat top and the end of the spring away from the stop pin are both mounted on the head seat of the CNC lathe through the mounting seat; a plurality of guide grooves are provided on the mounting seat; the head seat top is mounted on the mounting seat, and the end of the spring away from the stop pin is mounted on the closed end of the guide groove, the side wall of the stop pin is in contact with the side wall of the guide groove, and the mounting seat is mounted on the head seat of the CNC lathe.

[0009] Furthermore, a mounting groove is provided on the mounting seat; a sealing cover is detachably installed at the open end of the mounting groove; the mounting groove is connected to the guide groove, the pressure sensor is installed in the mounting groove, and the signal input end of the pressure sensor is connected to the spring through the connection between the mounting groove and the guide groove.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a mechanical chuck, and the mounting base is installed on the headstock of the CNC lathe through the mechanical chuck; a plurality of slots are opened on the mounting base, and the number of the slots is consistent with the number of movable claws of the mechanical chuck, and the movable claws of the mechanical chuck are one-to-one corresponding and detachably installed in the slots, and the chuck body of the mechanical chuck is installed on the headstock of the CNC lathe.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a truss manipulator; the truss manipulator can move the axle onto the CNC lathe and can also move the axle off the CNC lathe, and the signal input end of the truss manipulator is connected to the signal output end of the CNC lathe.

[0012] In a second aspect, an axle processing method for achieving automatic loading and unloading is applied to the axle processing system for achieving automatic loading and unloading according to any one of the first aspects, including an automatic axle loading method, wherein the automatic axle loading method includes method A applied to a case where a pressure sensor detects a pressure signal from a spring, and the method A includes the following steps:

[0013] SA1: Adjust the headstock and tailstock of the CNC lathe so that the top of the headstock and the top of the tailstock are coaxially opposite to each other;

[0014] SA2: The truss manipulator moves the axle between the headstock top and the tailstock top. At this time, the axis of the axle, the axis of the headstock top and the axis of the tailstock top are on the same straight line.

[0015] SA3: The truss manipulator drives the axle to move toward the top of the headstock. If the pressure sensor detects a pressure signal from the spring, the truss manipulator stops running and the axle stops moving.

[0016] SA4: The headstock of the CNC lathe drives the positioning mechanism to rotate around the axis of the headstock tip until the pressure sensor detects no pressure signal from the spring. At this time, the side wall of the stop pin fits into the side wall of the process hole.

[0017] SA5: The truss manipulator drives the axle toward the headstock top, and at the same time, the tailstock top moves toward the axle until the side walls of the headstock top and the tailstock top respectively fit with the side walls of the center holes on the two end faces of the axle.

[0018] Furthermore, the automatic axle loading method also includes a method B applied to a situation where the pressure sensor cannot detect a pressure signal from the spring, and the method B includes the following steps:

[0019] SB1: Adjust the headstock and tailstock of the CNC lathe so that the top of the headstock and the top of the tailstock are coaxially opposite to each other;

[0020] SB2: The truss manipulator drives the axle to move between the headstock top and the tailstock top. At this time, the axis of the axle, the axis of the headstock top and the axis of the tailstock top are on the same straight line;

[0021] SB3: The truss manipulator drives the axle toward the top of the headstock. If the pressure sensor detects no pressure signal from the spring, the axle continues to move toward the top of the headstock until the side wall of the center hole on the end face of the axle near the top of the headstock fits into the side wall of the top of the headstock.

[0022] SB4: The tailstock center moves toward the axle until the side wall of the center hole on the end face of the axle close to the tailstock center fits into the side wall of the tailstock center.

[0023] Further, the axle automatic feeding method further comprises the method C, and the method C comprises the following steps:

[0024] SC1: the tail seat center moves away from the axle, and the truss manipulator drives the axle to move away from the head seat center until the head seat center and the tail seat center are located outside the center hole on the two end faces of the axle;

[0025] SC2: the truss manipulator removes the axle from between the head seat center and the tail seat center.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0027] 1. In the present application, the axis of the axle, the axis of the head seat center and the axis of the tail seat center are located on the same straight line, then the truss manipulator drives the axle to move towards the head seat center, if the pressure sensor detects the pressure signal from the spring, it means that the axle is not positioned by the positioning mechanism, at this time the truss manipulator stops running and the axle stops moving, the head seat of the numerical control lathe drives the positioning mechanism to rotate around the axis of the head seat center until the pressure sensor cannot detect the pressure signal from the spring, at this time the side wall of the stop pin is in contact with the side wall of the process hole, which means that the axle is positioned by the positioning mechanism, then the head seat center and the tail seat center clamp the axle, at this time the axle will not deviate to the designated station, which ensures the coaxiality of the axle and improves the machining precision. At the same time, the present application realizes the automatic feeding and discharging of the axle, which improves the production efficiency.

[0028] 2. In the present application, the guide groove on the mounting seat can guide the expansion and contraction of the spring and the movement of the stop pin, which avoids the expansion and contraction of the spring perpendicular to its axis and the movement of the stop pin perpendicular to its axis.

[0029] 3. In the present application, the pressure sensor is installed in the mounting groove on the mounting seat, and the sealing cover can protect the pressure sensor in the mounting groove.

[0030] 4. In the present application, the mounting seat, the head seat center and the positioning mechanism are detachably mounted on the head seat of the numerical control lathe through the mechanical chuck, which facilitates the maintenance, repair and replacement of the mounting seat, the head seat center and the positioning mechanism. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0032] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of the movable claw, mounting base, headstock center and positioning mechanism in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the overall structure of the axle, movable claw, mounting base, headstock center, and positioning mechanism in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a front view of the truss manipulator in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a rear view of the truss manipulator in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a left side view of the truss manipulator in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 This is an overall flow chart of Method A in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 This is an overall flow chart of Method B in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 This is an overall flow chart of method C in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0040] In the figure: 1-headstock top; 2-positioning mechanism; 3-mounting seat; 4-movable claw; 5-slot; 6-accommodating chamber; 7-bolt; 8-sealing cover; 9-mounting slot; 10-limit key; 11-keyway; 12-process hole; 13-center hole; 14-axle; 15-truss manipulator; 201-stop pin; 202-pressure sensor; 203-spring; 1501-floating assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0042] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] It is to be understood that the terms so far as the grammar used herein is concerned are to be interpreted in their dictionary meanings and are not to be interpreted in the context of legal terms unless so explicitly stated. It is also to be understood that the terminology and description provided above are for the purpose of simplifying the present disclosure and the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the application of the present invention, and the use of such terminology, and description is understood to also cover any technical equivalents for the subject matter covered. It is also to be understood that the terminology and description provided above are for the purpose of simplifying the present disclosure and the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the application of the present invention, and the use of such terminology, and description is understood to also cover any technical equivalents for the subject matter covered.

[0044] The relative arrangement of parts and steps, numerical expressions, and numerical values set forth in the examples are not intended to limit the scope of the application unless specifically so stated. It is also to be understood that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale and that the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting of the scope of the application. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill are not discussed in detail but can be employed with the systems and methods described herein. Unless otherwise specifically stated, all examples shown and discussed herein are exemplary only and are not intended to be limiting of the scope of the application. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments can have different values. It is to be noted that like numbers and letters used herein refer to like items throughout the several views and the use of "about", "approximately", "substantially" or "near" indicates that the value intended to be used is not to be taken as an absolute quantity or range but is subject to variation as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise specifically stated. It is also to be understood that the terminology and description provided above are for the purpose of simplifying the present disclosure and the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the application of the present invention, and the use of such terminology, and description is understood to also cover any technical equivalents for the subject matter covered.

[0045] In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by orientation words such as "front, back, upper, lower, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" and the like are generally based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate and imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application: the orientation words "inner, outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the contour of each component itself.

[0046] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature to other devices or features as shown in the figures. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figures. For example, if the device in the drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below their position devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0047] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Example 1:

[0049] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, an axle processing system for realizing automatic loading and unloading includes: an axle 14; a center hole 13 and a plurality of process holes 12 uniformly surrounding the center hole 13 are formed on both end faces of the axle 14, and the axis of the process hole 12 is parallel to the axis of the center hole 13; a CNC lathe; the CNC lathe can process the axle 14; a headstock top 1; the headstock top 1 is coaxially installed on the headstock of the CNC lathe, and the side wall of the headstock top 1 can fit with the side wall of the center hole 13; a tailstock top; the tailstock top is coaxially installed on the tailstock of the CNC lathe, and the side wall of the tailstock top can fit with the side wall of the center hole 13; and further includes: a plurality of positioning mechanisms 2; the positioning mechanism 2 includes a spring 203, a stop pin 201 and a pressure sensor Device 202, one end of the spring 203 is installed on the stop pin 201, the axis of the stop pin 201 and the axis of the spring 203 are on the same straight line, and the signal input end of the pressure sensor 202 is connected to the spring 203; the number of the positioning mechanisms 2 is consistent with the number of the process holes 12 on one end face of the axle 14, and the several positioning mechanisms 2 are installed on the head seat of the CNC lathe and are evenly surrounded by the top 1 of the head seat; the axis of the spring 203 is parallel to the axis of the top 1 of the head seat, and the end of the spring 203 away from the stop pin 201 is installed on the head seat of the CNC lathe, and the side wall of the stop pin 201 can be fitted with the side wall of the process hole 12, and the signal output end of the pressure sensor 202 is connected to the signal input end of the CNC lathe.

[0050] Specifically, a center hole 13 and two process holes 12 evenly surrounding the center hole 13 are respectively formed on the two end surfaces of the axle 14 . Two positioning mechanisms 2 are provided, and the pressure sensor 202 includes a travel switch.

[0051] In this embodiment, a mounting seat 3 is also included, and the head seat top 1 and the end of the spring 203 away from the stop pin 201 are both mounted on the head seat of the CNC lathe through the mounting seat 3; a plurality of guide grooves are provided on the mounting seat 3; the head seat top 1 is mounted on the mounting seat 3, and the end of the spring 203 away from the stop pin 201 is mounted on the closed end of the guide groove, the side wall of the stop pin 201 is in contact with the side wall of the guide groove, and the mounting seat 3 is mounted on the head seat of the CNC lathe.

[0052] Specifically, the mounting seat 3 is a cylindrical structure, and the head seat top 1 and the end of the spring 203 away from the stop pin 201 are installed on one end face of the mounting seat 3, the axis of the head seat top 1 and the axis of the mounting seat 3 are located on the same straight line, and the other end face of the mounting seat 3 is coaxially installed on the head seat of the CNC lathe, and two guide grooves are provided on the end face of the mounting seat 3 where the spring 203 is installed.

[0053] In addition, a key slot 11 is provided on the side wall of the stop pin 201 , and a limit key 10 is provided on the side wall of the guide slot. The key slot 11 cooperates with the limit key 10 to limit the maximum stroke of the spring 203 and the stop pin 201 .

[0054] In this embodiment, a mounting groove 9 is provided on the mounting seat 3; a sealing cover 8 is detachably installed at the open end of the mounting groove 9; the mounting groove 9 is connected to the guide groove, and the pressure sensor 202 is installed in the mounting groove 9, and the signal input end of the pressure sensor 202 is connected to the spring 203 through the connection between the mounting groove 9 and the guide groove.

[0055] Specifically, there are two mounting grooves 9 , which are connected to the guide grooves one by one. A sealing cover 8 is detachably mounted on the open end of the mounting groove 9 through a bolt 7 , and a sealing ring is provided between the sealing cover 8 and the open end of the mounting groove 9 .

[0056] In addition, an accommodating cavity 6 is provided in the mounting base 3 , and a power source is installed in the accommodating cavity 6 , and the power source can supply power to the travel switch.

[0057] In this embodiment, a mechanical chuck is also included, and the mounting base 3 is installed on the headstock of the CNC lathe through the mechanical chuck; a plurality of slots 5 are provided on the mounting base 3, and the number of the slots 5 is consistent with the number of movable jaws 4 of the mechanical chuck. The movable jaws 4 of the mechanical chuck are one-to-one corresponding and detachably installed in the slots 5, and the chuck body of the mechanical chuck is installed on the headstock of the CNC lathe.

[0058] Specifically, the mechanical chuck is a three-jaw chuck, and three slots 5 are provided on the end surface of the mounting seat 3 mounted on the head seat of the CNC lathe.

[0059] In this embodiment, Figures 3 to 5 As shown, a truss manipulator 15 is also included; the truss manipulator 15 can move the axle 14 to the CNC lathe and can also move the axle 14 from the CNC lathe. The signal input end of the truss manipulator 15 is connected to the signal output end of the CNC lathe. The truss manipulator 15 used in this embodiment is the existing technology in this field and will not be described here.

[0060] Example 2:

[0061] like Figure 6 As shown, an axle processing method for realizing automatic loading and unloading is applied to the axle processing system for realizing automatic loading and unloading described in any one of Embodiment 1, including an automatic axle loading method, wherein the automatic axle loading method includes method A applied to a case where the pressure sensor 202 detects a pressure signal from the spring 203, and the method A includes the following steps:

[0062] SA1: Adjust the headstock and tailstock of the CNC lathe so that the headstock top 1 and the tailstock top are coaxially opposite;

[0063] SA2: The truss manipulator 15 moves the axle 14 between the headstock top 1 and the tailstock top. At this time, the axis of the axle 14, the axis of the headstock top 1 and the axis of the tailstock top are on the same straight line.

[0064] SA3: The truss manipulator 15 drives the axle 14 to move toward the headstock top 1. If the pressure sensor 202 detects a pressure signal from the spring 203, the truss manipulator 15 stops running and the axle 14 stops moving.

[0065] SA4: The headstock of the CNC lathe drives the positioning mechanism 2 to rotate around the axis of the headstock center 1 until the pressure sensor 202 detects no pressure signal from the spring 203. At this time, the side wall of the stop pin 201 is in contact with the side wall of the process hole 12.

[0066] SA5: The truss manipulator 15 drives the axle 14 to move toward the headstock top 1, and at the same time, the tailstock top moves toward the axle 14 until the side walls of the headstock top 1 and the side walls of the tailstock top are respectively in contact with the side walls of the center hole 13 on the two end faces of the axle 14.

[0067] Specifically, in step SA3 and step SA5, the "truss manipulator 15 drives the axle 14 to move toward the direction close to the top 1 of the headstock" is driven by the floating component 1501 of the truss manipulator 15 to drive the part of the truss manipulator 15 located below the floating component 1501 and the axle 14 to move toward the direction close to the top 1 of the headstock, and the part of the truss manipulator 15 located above the floating component 1501 remains stationary, so as to facilitate the resetting of the truss manipulator 15.

[0068] In this embodiment, Figure 7 As shown, the axle automatic loading method further includes a method B applied to a case where the pressure sensor 202 cannot detect a pressure signal from the spring 203, and the method B includes the following steps:

[0069] SB1: Adjust the headstock and tailstock of the CNC lathe so that the headstock center 1 and the tailstock center are coaxially opposite to each other;

[0070] SB2: The truss manipulator 15 drives the axle 14 to move between the headstock top 1 and the tailstock top. At this time, the axis of the axle 14, the axis of the headstock top 1 and the axis of the tailstock top are on the same straight line;

[0071] SB3: The truss manipulator 15 drives the axle 14 to move toward the headstock top 1. If the pressure sensor 202 detects no pressure signal from the spring 203, the axle 14 continues to move toward the headstock top 1 until the side wall of the center hole 13 on the end face of the axle 14 near the headstock top 1 is in contact with the side wall of the headstock top 1.

[0072] SB4: The tailstock top moves toward the axle 14 until the side wall of the center hole 13 on the end face of the axle 14 close to the tailstock top fits with the side wall of the tailstock top.

[0073] Specifically, in step SB3, the "truss manipulator 15 drives the axle 14 to move toward the direction close to the top 1 of the headstock" is driven by the floating component 1501 of the truss manipulator 15 to drive the part of the truss manipulator 15 located below the floating component 1501 and the axle 14 to move toward the direction close to the top 1 of the headstock, and the part of the truss manipulator 15 located above the floating component 1501 remains stationary, so as to facilitate the resetting of the truss manipulator 15.

[0074] Example 3:

[0075] like Figure 8As shown, an axle processing method for realizing automatic loading and unloading is applied to the axle processing system for realizing automatic loading and unloading as described in any one of Example 1, and also includes an axle automatic unloading method, and the axle automatic unloading method includes method C, and the method C includes the following steps:

[0076] SC1: The tailstock top moves away from the axle 14, and at the same time, the truss manipulator 15 drives the axle 14 to move away from the headstock top 1, until the headstock top 1 and the tailstock top are respectively located outside the center holes 13 on the two end faces of the axle 14;

[0077] SC2: The truss robot 15 moves the axle 14 down from between the headstock top 1 and the tailstock top.

[0078] Specifically, before step SC1 , the truss robot 15 should first grasp the axle 14 to prevent the axle 14 from falling off between the headstock top 1 and the tailstock top.

[0079] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An axle processing system for automatic loading and unloading, comprising: An axle (14); a center hole (13) and a plurality of process holes (12) uniformly surrounding the center hole (13) are formed on both end surfaces of the axle (14); the axes of the process holes (12) are parallel to the axis of the center hole (13); A numerically controlled lathe; the numerically controlled lathe can process the axle (14); A headstock top (1); the headstock top (1) is coaxially mounted on a headstock of a numerically controlled lathe, and the side wall of the headstock top (1) can be fitted with the side wall of the center hole (13); Tailstock top; the tailstock top is coaxially mounted on the tailstock of the CNC lathe, and the side wall of the tailstock top can fit with the side wall of the center hole (13); It is characterized by further comprising: A plurality of positioning mechanisms (2); the positioning mechanisms (2) include a spring (203), a stop pin (201) and a pressure sensor (202); one end of the spring (203) is mounted on the stop pin (201); the axis of the stop pin (201) and the axis of the spring (203) are located on the same straight line; and the signal input end of the pressure sensor (202) is connected to the spring (203); The number of the positioning mechanisms (2) is consistent with the number of the process holes (12) on one end face of the axle (14); the plurality of positioning mechanisms (2) are installed on the headstock of the CNC lathe and are evenly surrounded outside the headstock top (1); the axis of the spring (203) is parallel to the axis of the headstock top (1); the end of the spring (203) away from the stop pin (201) is installed on the headstock of the CNC lathe; the side wall of the stop pin (201) can be fitted with the side wall of the process hole (12); and the signal output end of the pressure sensor (202) is connected to the signal input end of the CNC lathe.

2. The axle processing system for realizing automatic loading and unloading according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a mounting seat (3), wherein the headstock top (1) and the end of the spring (203) away from the stop pin (201) are both mounted on the headstock of the CNC lathe via the mounting seat (3); The mounting seat (3) is provided with a plurality of guide grooves; The headstock top (1) is mounted on the mounting seat (3), one end of the spring (203) away from the stop pin (201) is mounted on the closed end of the guide groove, the side wall of the stop pin (201) is fitted with the side wall of the guide groove, and the mounting seat (3) is mounted on the headstock of the CNC lathe.

3. The axle processing system for realizing automatic loading and unloading according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mounting seat (3) is provided with a mounting groove (9); A sealing cover (8) is detachably mounted on the open end of the mounting groove (9); The mounting groove (9) is connected to the guide groove, the pressure sensor (202) is installed in the mounting groove (9), and the signal input end of the pressure sensor (202) is connected to the spring (203) via the connection between the mounting groove (9) and the guide groove.

4. The axle processing system for realizing automatic loading and unloading according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a mechanical chuck, and the mounting seat (3) is mounted on the headstock of the CNC lathe via the mechanical chuck; The mounting seat (3) is provided with a plurality of slots (5), the number of the slots (5) being consistent with the number of the movable jaws (4) of the mechanical chuck, the movable jaws (4) of the mechanical chuck being detachably mounted in the slots (5) in a one-to-one correspondence, and the chuck body of the mechanical chuck being mounted on the headstock of the CNC lathe.

5. The axle processing system for realizing automatic loading and unloading according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included is a truss manipulator (15); The truss manipulator (15) can move the axle (14) onto the CNC lathe and can also move the axle (14) off the CNC lathe. The signal input end of the truss manipulator (15) is connected to the signal output end of the CNC lathe.

6. A method for machining an axle with automatic loading and unloading, applied to the axle machining system with automatic loading and unloading as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The invention comprises an automatic axle loading method, wherein the automatic axle loading method comprises a method A applied to a case where a pressure sensor (202) detects a pressure signal from a spring (203), wherein the method A comprises the following steps: SA1: Adjust the headstock and tailstock of the CNC lathe so that the headstock top (1) and the tailstock top are coaxially opposite to each other; SA2: The truss manipulator (15) moves the axle (14) between the headstock top (1) and the tailstock top, and the axis of the axle (14), the axis of the headstock top (1) and the axis of the tailstock top are now on the same straight line; SA3: The truss manipulator (15) drives the axle (14) to move toward the top of the headstock (1). If the pressure sensor (202) detects a pressure signal from the spring (203), the truss manipulator (15) stops running and the axle (14) stops moving. SA4: The headstock of the CNC lathe drives the positioning mechanism (2) to rotate around the axis of the headstock top (1) until the pressure sensor (202) detects no pressure signal from the spring (203), and at this time, the side wall of the stop pin (201) is in contact with the side wall of the process hole (12); SA5: The truss manipulator (15) drives the axle (14) to move toward the headstock top (1), and at the same time, the tailstock top moves toward the axle (14) until the side walls of the headstock top (1) and the side walls of the tailstock top respectively fit with the side walls of the center hole (13) on the two end faces of the axle (14).

7. The axle processing method for realizing automatic loading and unloading according to claim 6, characterized in that: The automatic axle loading method further comprises a method B applied to a situation where the pressure sensor (202) cannot detect a pressure signal from the spring (203), wherein the method B comprises the following steps: SB1: Adjust the headstock and tailstock of the CNC lathe so that the headstock center (1) is coaxial with the tailstock center; SB2: The truss manipulator (15) drives the axle (14) to move between the headstock top (1) and the tailstock top. At this time, the axis of the axle (14), the axis of the headstock top (1) and the axis of the tailstock top are on the same straight line; SB3: The truss manipulator (15) drives the axle (14) to move toward the headstock top (1). If the pressure sensor (202) cannot detect the pressure signal from the spring (203), the axle (14) continues to move toward the headstock top (1) until the side wall of the center hole (13) on the end face of the axle (14) close to the headstock top (1) fits with the side wall of the headstock top (1); SB4: The tailstock top moves toward the direction close to the axle (14) until the side wall of the center hole (13) on the end face of the axle (14) close to the tailstock top fits with the side wall of the tailstock top.

8. The axle processing method for realizing automatic loading and unloading according to claim 6, characterized in that: The invention also includes an automatic axle unloading method, wherein the automatic axle unloading method includes method C, and the method C includes the following steps: SC1: The tailstock top moves away from the axle (14), and at the same time, the truss manipulator (15) drives the axle (14) to move away from the headstock top (1), until the headstock top (1) and the tailstock top are respectively located outside the center holes (13) on the two end faces of the axle (14); SC2: The truss manipulator (15) moves the axle (14) down from between the headstock top (1) and the tailstock top.

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