Rubber extruder head locking mechanism

Abstract

The invention provides a rubber extruder head locking mechanism which comprises an upper plate, a lower plate and a locking device for locking the upper plate and the lower plate, and is characterized in that the locking device comprises a pull screw, a locking clamping column, a locking disc, a steel ball and an elastic jacking device, the locking disc extends into a lower plate cylindrical hole in the middle of the lower plate, and the edge of the locking disc is fixedly connected with the lower plate. A step-shaped cylindrical hole is formed in the middle of the locking disc, and an annular clamping groove is formed in the outer wall of a locking clamping column arranged at the lower end of a pulling screw installed on the upper plate. The elastic jacking device comprises a jacking disc and a jacking locking assembly, and the jacking disc is in sliding fit with the cylindrical hole of the lower plate. The jacking and locking assembly is used for elastically pushing the jacking disc to ascend so that the steel balls can be jacked into the annular clamping groove, and the locking disc and the upper plate can make close contact and be locked. The jacking disc is pushed to descend through ventilation of the air inlet channel, the steel balls retreat from the annular clamping grooves, and locking between the upper plate and the lower plate is relieved. The device is reasonable in structure, low in cost, small in movement impact, convenient to operate, safe to use, long in service life and wide in application range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of rubber processing mechanical equipment, in particular to a rubber extruder head locking mechanism. Background Art

[0002] In order to continuously extrude rubber products of different cross-sectional shapes and sizes, whether it is a single rubber extruder or multiple composite rubber extruders, a single head or composite head for molding will be installed. A single rubber extruder is suitable for extruding a single rubber compound, and a composite extruder is suitable for composite extrusion of multiple rubber compounds in the machine. In order to facilitate the cleaning of the rubber compound in the head or / and the easy processing of the head flow channel, the head is usually designed to be openable and closable. Therefore, after closing, this head structure design requires a corresponding locking mechanism to prevent the pressure of the rubber compound in the head from separating the closed contact surface during molding, thereby preventing the rubber compound from overflowing from the closed contact surface. Therefore, the closed contact surface is the locking surface. Generally, there are two types of single heads: integral and split. The locking surface of the former is the contact surface between the head flange and the barrel flange, which is suitable for small-sized extruders, and the locking surface of the latter is the parting surface between the upper head and the lower head, which is suitable for large-sized extruders. Composite heads are all split and have multiple parting surfaces (the number of parting surfaces is the same as the number of composite extruders). Since the rubber composite die head is usually arranged in a riding-back style, for the convenience of the following description, the upper and lower die heads of each parting surface in the rubber composite die head are respectively referred to as the upper die head and the lower die head.

[0003] The locking mechanism of the integral single head is generally a C-type clamping ring type. It realizes the unlocking or locking between the head flange and the barrel flange by opening and closing the two C-type clamping rings arranged left and right or up and down (looking from the head toward the screw drive system), and then can open or close the head. The C-type clamping ring mechanism arranged left and right realizes their opening and closing by rotating a pin fixed on the extruder barrel or extruder frame around its lower part. The power to drive the opening and closing is generally manual power (such as: Chinese patent with patent number ZL 201821057714.6). The two C-type clamping ring mechanisms arranged up and down realize their opening and closing by moving away or towards each other. The power to drive the opening and closing is hydraulic pressure (such as Chinese patent with publication number CN2432034Y).

[0004] The split single head or composite head is generally locked by a hydraulic system and a special locking mechanism. A Chinese patent (publication number: CN1788981A) provides a hammerhead type rubber extrusion composite head locking mechanism; a Chinese patent (publication number: CN201313389Y) provides an improved C-shaped locking door type rubber extrusion composite head locking mechanism based on reducing the volume and weight of the locking door mechanism; a Chinese patent (publication number: CN102173042A) provides a side locking type rubber extrusion composite head locking mechanism; a Chinese patent (patent number: ZL201520731073.8) provides a rubber extrusion composite head locking mechanism with a locking door swinging opening and closing and a wedge block locking. The common disadvantages of these special locking mechanisms disclosed in the above-mentioned patents are complex structure, large volume and heavy weight.

[0005] As can be seen from the above, the manual machine head locking mechanism has a low degree of automation and high labor intensity; while the hydraulic machine head locking mechanism not only requires an expensive hydraulic system and a special locking mechanism, but also easily causes fire due to oil leakage. In addition, when these composite machine head locking mechanisms use the lock door, the lock door movement will produce a certain degree of impact, and because the locking is achieved by sliding the wedge-shaped plane of the locking member (C-shaped lock door or wedge block), the high locking force is easy to cause wear of the sliding friction pair, which will reduce the service life of the machine head.

[0006] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a rubber extruder head locking mechanism with simple structure, low cost, reliable locking, convenient and safe operation, no impact, long service life and wide application range. This is a technical problem to be solved urgently in this field. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems and shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a rubber extruder head locking mechanism to solve the problems of the prior art such as complex structure, high cost, large movement impact, inconvenient operation, potential safety hazards, short service life and narrow scope of application.

[0008] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] The locking mechanism of a rubber extruder head comprises an upper plate, a lower plate and a locking device for locking the upper plate and the lower plate, characterized in that the locking device comprises a pull screw, a locking clamping column, a locking disk, a steel ball and an elastic jacking device, wherein a lower plate cylindrical hole is provided in the middle of the lower plate, a downwardly protruding portion of the bottom of the locking disk extends into the upper portion in the cylindrical hole of the lower plate, and the edge of the locking disk is fixedly connected to the lower plate by a screw. The top surface of the locking disk is used to stick to or separate from the bottom surface of the upper plate, a stepped cylindrical hole is provided in the middle of the locking disk, a screw hole is provided in the middle of the upper plate, the upper end of the pull screw extends into the screw hole, the locking clamping column is provided in the stepped cylindrical hole and is connected to the lower end of the pull screw exposed from the screw hole, an annular groove is provided on the outer side wall of the locking clamping column, the steel ball is placed in the thick-diameter section at the lower part of the stepped cylindrical hole and in the annular groove, and the elastic jacking device comprises a jacking disk and a jacking locking assembly The jacking plate is provided with a cylindrical hole in the middle of the jacking plate, and the top of the jacking plate is a cylinder. The outer side surface of the cylinder forms a sliding fit with the thick diameter section at the lower part of the step-shaped cylindrical hole, and the steel ball is located in the cylinder; the jacking locking assembly is used to elastically push the jacking plate to rise and push the steel ball into the annular groove, so that the top surface of the locking plate is in close contact with the bottom surface of the upper plate and is locked; an air intake channel is provided on the side wall of the locking plate, and the inner end of the air intake channel is connected to the volume variable cavity formed by the locking plate, the jacking plate and the lower plate, and an exhaust channel is provided on the side wall of the lower plate, and the exhaust channel is connected to the middle of the air intake channel, and the volume variable cavity is inflated through the air intake channel, so as to overcome the elastic force of the jacking locking assembly and push the jacking plate to descend, so that the steel ball exits the annular groove and releases the locking between the upper plate and the lower plate.

[0010] Improvements to the above technical solution: a first dynamic sealing ring is installed between the cylindrical outer surface of the upper part of the lifting plate and the thick diameter of the lower part of the stepped cylindrical hole; a second dynamic sealing ring is installed between the circumferential outer surface of the lower part of the lifting plate and the cylindrical hole of the lower plate; a first static sealing ring is arranged between the downwardly protruding part of the bottom of the locking plate and the cylindrical hole of the lower plate, and a second static sealing ring is arranged between the locking plate at the peripheral part of the exhaust passage and the lower plate.

[0011] Further improvement of the above technical solution: a circular machining hole is opened on the bottom surface of the lower plate, the center of the circular machining hole and the cylindrical hole of the lower plate are on the same center line, and the diameter of the circular machining hole is larger than the cylindrical hole of the lower plate, the height of the circular machining hole is smaller than the cylindrical hole of the lower plate, the circular machining hole is closed by a cover plate and fixed with a countersunk screw; the jacking locking assembly is installed between the jacking plate and the cover plate.

[0012] Further improvement of the above technical solution: an annular groove is arranged on the bottom surface of the lifting plate, and the lifting locking assembly includes a lifting seat, a compression spring and a spring support seat, the lifting seat is arranged on the top surface of the cover plate, and at least two cylindrical blind holes are arranged on the annular edge of the lifting seat, the center of each of the cylindrical blind holes is at the same distance from the center line, and a spring support seat and a compression spring are placed in each of the cylindrical blind holes, and the upper end of each of the compression springs is pressed against the bottom surface of the annular groove of the lifting plate, and the circumferential side surface of the lower part of the lifting seat is positioned and matched with the cylindrical hole of the lower plate, and a third static sealing ring is installed between the two; a circular ring is arranged on the top of the boss in the middle of the lifting seat, and the outer side surface of the circular ring forms a sliding fit with the inner side surface of the cylindrical hole of the lifting plate of the lifting plate, and a third dynamic sealing ring is installed between the two.

[0013] Further improvement of the above technical solution: the upper inner part of the cylinder of the lifting plate is an inner conical surface, the lower part of the annular groove of the locking column is an outer conical surface, and the top surface of the thick-diameter section at the lower part of the stepped cylindrical hole of the locking plate is in close contact with the steel ball, clamping the steel ball from three sides, so that the locking column stably locks the upper plate and the lower plate together.

[0014] Further improvement of the above technical solution: an air inlet of the air inlet channel is arranged on the outer wall of the locking plate, an exhaust port of the exhaust channel is arranged on the lower plate, the air inlet is connected to the air outlet pipeline of the compressed air pump, and the air pressure output by the compressed air pump is sufficient to overcome the elastic force of the jacking locking assembly.

[0015] Further improvement of the above technical solution: the upper plate is the head flange of the rubber extruder or the edge of the upper head, and the lower plate is the barrel flange of the rubber extruder or the edge of the lower head.

[0016] The advantages and positive effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are:

[0017] 1. The invention uses spring force to mechanically lock, and the locking is stable and reliable; it is unlocked by air pressure, which is safe and convenient. The locking mechanism of the invention overcomes the defects of conventional C-shaped door locks or wedge-shaped block locking mechanisms, which are large in size, heavy in weight and high in cost.

[0018] 2. The locking mechanism of the present invention is uniquely designed and has a wide range of applications, not only suitable for single machine heads, but also suitable for composite machine heads.

[0019] 3. The present invention has a simple structure, reasonable design, convenient operation and safe use. It overcomes the defect that the locking door movement of the composite head locking mechanism will produce a certain degree of impact and has a longer service life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1It is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a locking state of a locking mechanism of a rubber extruder head of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 AA section view;

[0022] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The enlarged schematic diagram of point I in the middle;

[0023] Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a rubber extruder head locking mechanism in an unfastened state according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 The enlarged schematic diagram of II in the middle;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a rubber extruder head locking mechanism of the present invention used in a rubber extruder head;

[0026] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 BB section view;

[0027] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Enlarged schematic diagram of point III in the middle.

[0028] The numbers in the figure are: 1, lower plate; 2, screw; 3, locking plate; 4, upper plate; 5, steel ball; 6, pull screw; 7, locking column; 8, first dynamic sealing ring; 9, second static sealing ring; 10, second dynamic sealing ring; 11, third static sealing ring; 12, countersunk screw; 13, compression spring; 14, lifting seat; 15, third dynamic sealing ring; 16, cover plate; 17, spring support seat; 18, lifting plate; 19, first static sealing ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0030] See also Figure 1-Figure 8, an embodiment of a locking mechanism for a rubber extruder head of the present invention comprises an upper plate 4, a lower plate 1 and a locking device for locking the upper plate 4 with the lower plate 1, the locking device comprises a pull screw 6, a locking clamping column 7, a locking disc 3, a steel ball 5 and an elastic lifting device, a lower plate cylindrical hole is provided in the middle of the lower plate 1, the bottom of the locking disc 3 protrudes downwardly into the upper part of the lower plate cylindrical hole, and the edge of the locking disc 3 is fixedly connected to the lower plate 1 by a screw 2. The top surface of the locking disc 3 is used to be attached to or detached from the bottom surface of the upper plate 4, and a stepped cylindrical hole is provided in the middle of the locking disc 3. A screw hole is provided in the middle of the upper plate 4, the upper end of the pull screw 6 extends into the screw hole, the locking clamping column 7 is provided in the stepped cylindrical hole, and is connected to the lower end of the pull screw 6 exposed from the screw hole; an annular groove is provided on the outer wall of the locking clamping column 7, and the steel ball 5 is placed in the thick diameter section at the lower part of the stepped cylindrical hole and in the annular groove. The elastic lifting device includes a lifting disk 18 and a lifting locking assembly. The circumferential side of the lifting disk 18 forms a sliding fit with the cylindrical hole of the lower plate. The middle of the lifting disk 18 is the cylindrical hole of the lifting disk. The top of the lifting disk 18 is a cylinder. The outer side of the cylinder forms a sliding fit with the thick diameter section at the bottom of the stepped cylindrical hole. The steel ball 5 is located in the cylinder. The lifting locking assembly is used to elastically push the lifting disk 18 to rise and push the steel ball 5 into the annular groove, so that the top surface of the locking disk 3 is in close contact with the bottom surface of the upper plate 4 and locked. An air intake channel is opened on the side wall of the locking disk 3, and the inner end of the air intake channel is connected to the volume variable cavity formed by the locking disk 3, the lifting disk 18 and the lower plate 1. An exhaust channel is opened on the side wall of the lower plate 1, and the exhaust channel is connected to the middle of the air intake channel. The variable volume cavity is inflated through the air inlet passage to overcome the elastic force of the lifting and locking assembly and push the lifting plate 18 down, so that the steel ball 5 exits the annular groove and releases the locking between the upper plate 4 and the lower plate 1. In this way, the top surface of the locking plate 3 can be separated from the bottom surface of the upper plate 4 by manual or other mechanisms.

[0031] Furthermore, a first dynamic sealing ring 8 is installed between the cylindrical outer side surface of the upper part of the above-mentioned lifting plate 18 and the thick diameter of the lower part of the stepped cylindrical hole; a second dynamic sealing ring 10 is installed between the circumferential outer side surface of the lower part of the lifting plate 18 and the cylindrical hole of the lower plate; a first static sealing ring 19 is arranged between the downward protruding part of the bottom of the locking plate 3 and the cylindrical hole of the lower plate; and a second static sealing ring 9 is arranged between the locking plate 3 and the lower plate 1 at the peripheral part of the exhaust channel.

[0032] Furthermore, a circular machining hole is opened on the bottom surface of the above-mentioned lower plate 1, the center of the circular machining hole and the cylindrical hole of the lower plate are on the same center line, and the diameter of the circular machining hole is larger than the cylindrical hole of the lower plate, and the height of the circular machining hole is smaller than the cylindrical hole of the lower plate, and the circular machining hole is closed by a cover plate 16 and fixed with a countersunk screw 12; the above-mentioned jacking locking assembly is installed between the jacking plate 18 and the cover plate 16.

[0033] Specifically, an annular groove is arranged on the bottom surface of the lifting plate 18, and the lifting locking assembly includes a lifting seat 14, a compression spring 13 and a spring support seat 17. The lifting seat 14 is arranged on the top surface of the cover plate 16, and at least two cylindrical blind holes are arranged on the annular edge of the lifting seat 14. The center of each cylindrical blind hole is at the same distance from the center line. A spring support seat 17 and a compression spring 13 are placed in each cylindrical blind hole, and the upper end of each compression spring 13 is pressed against the bottom surface of the annular groove of the lifting plate 18. The circumferential side surface of the lower part of the lifting seat 14 is positioned and matched with the cylindrical hole of the lower plate, and a third static sealing ring 11 is installed between the two; a circular ring is arranged on the top of the boss in the middle of the lifting seat 14, and the outer side surface of the circular ring forms a sliding match with the inner side surface of the cylindrical hole of the lifting plate 18, and a third dynamic sealing ring 15 is installed between the two.

[0034] Furthermore, the upper inner portion of the cylinder of the above-mentioned lifting plate 18 is an inner conical surface, the lower portion of the annular groove of the locking column 7 is an outer conical surface, the top surface of the thick-diameter section at the lower portion of the stepped cylindrical hole of the locking plate 3 is in close contact with the steel ball 5, and the steel ball 5 is in close contact with the inner conical surface of the cylinder of the lifting plate 18 and the outer conical surface of the locking column 7, clamping the steel ball 5 from three surfaces, so that the locking column 7 stably locks the upper plate 4 and the lower plate 1 together.

[0035] Furthermore, an air inlet of the air inlet channel is arranged on the outer wall of the locking plate 3, and an exhaust port of the exhaust channel is arranged on the lower plate 1. The air inlet is connected to the air outlet pipeline of the compressed air pump, and the air pressure output by the compressed air pump is sufficient to overcome the elastic force of the lifting and locking assembly.

[0036] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the upper plate 4 is the head flange or the edge of the upper head of the rubber extruder, and the lower plate 1 is the barrel flange or the edge of the lower head of the rubber extruder. Three rubber extruder head locking mechanisms of the present invention are respectively arranged on the outer edges (or left and right edges) of a set of head flange (or upper head) and barrel flange (or lower head).

[0037] For specific production, see Figure 4, there is a precision-machined lower plate cylindrical hole in the middle of the lower plate 1, and its diameter is D2. The circular machined hole opened at the bottom of the lower plate 1 has a diameter of D1, which is convenient for machining the lower plate cylindrical hole and installing and removing parts in the lower plate cylindrical hole. The inner diameter of the cylinder at the top of the lifting plate 18 is D4, and the outer diameter is D5. An annular groove is arranged on the bottom surface of the above-mentioned lifting plate 18, and the center line of the annular groove is circular, and its diameter is D3. The spring support seat 17 is cylindrical, and its diameter is D6. A circular ring is arranged on the top of the lifting seat 14, and its inner wall diameter is D7, and its outer wall diameter is D4. The locking column 7 installed on the upper plate 4 has a maximum outer diameter of D8, and the size of D8﹤D7.

[0038] Working principle of the present invention: Under the action of the spring force (lifting force) of each group of compression springs 13, the lifting plate 18 is lifted upward until the upper inner conical surface of the lifting plate 18, the lower outer conical surface of the locking column 7 and the upper bottom surface of the locking plate 3 are in close contact with a plurality of annularly evenly arranged steel balls 5, thereby achieving a locked state, i.e., the head of the machine is locked. When the lifting plate 18 is lifted upward, due to the sealing effect of the first dynamic sealing ring 8 and the second dynamic sealing ring 10, the air in the variable volume cavity between the lifting plate 18 and the locking plate 3 is gradually compressed, and the air pressure increases. In order to make the lifting plate 18 rise smoothly, a special exhaust channel (not fully shown in the figure) is designed in the locking mechanism of the present invention, which is discharged through the exhaust port (see Figure 1 , Figure 4 ), the compressed air in the variable volume chamber is continuously discharged. When the handpiece is unlocked and opened, the compressed air is discharged from the air inlet (see Figure 1 ) Inject compressed air of a certain pressure into the variable volume cavity between the lifting plate 18 and the locking plate 3. Under the action of the compressed air, the total spring force of the compression spring 13 is overcome, so that the lifting plate 18 moves downward until it contacts the lifting seat 14, and the steel ball 5 is in a free state, reaching the unlocked state (such as Figure 4 The upper plate 4 drives the locking post 7 to move upwards manually or by other mechanisms, thereby enabling the machine head to be opened.

[0039] The following is combined with Figure 3 , the force analysis of the steel ball 5 in the locked state and the locking and unlocking principles are explained as follows:

[0040] From the force balance of a single steel ball 5 in the locked state, the relationship between the locking force and the lifting force generated by the compression spring 13 can be obtained. Figure 3 As shown, when a single steel ball 5 is in force balance, F 1 and F 2 The horizontal components of F are equal, 1 and F 2 The sum of the vertical components is equal to F 3 , that is, F 1 cosα=F2 cosβ, F 1 sinα+F 2 sinβ=F 3 .therefore,

[0041]

[0042] In the formula, F 1 、F 2 and F 3 are the forces exerted by the locking column 7, the lifting plate 18 and the locking plate 3 on the steel ball 5, respectively. The angles α and β are the outer cone angle at the bottom of the locking column 7 and the inner cone angle at the top of the lifting plate 18, respectively. In the present invention, the value ranges of α and β are 30° to 40° and 4° to 5°, respectively. When α=35° and β=45° are substituted into formula (3), we get:

[0043]

[0044] In equations (2), (3) and (4), if the sliding friction resistance generated by the sealing ring around the lifting plate 18 during the lifting process of the lifting plate 18 is ignored, F 2 sinβ is actually the lifting force generated by the compression spring 13 when locking the single steel ball 5; F 3 is the locking force generated by a single steel ball 5. For the sake of convenience, it is assumed that the number of compression springs 13 is equal to the number of steel balls 5 (usually the number of compression springs 13 ≤ the number of steel balls 5), both of which are N. Then the ratio of the total lifting force generated by each compression spring 13 to the total locking force is:

[0045]

[0046] Formula (5) shows that the locking mechanism of the present invention can generate a locking force that is 10 times the spring force. In other words, relying on the small elastic force of the compression spring 13, a large locking force can be generated, that is, it is easy to achieve locking that requires a large locking force, and when the air pressure is unlocked, the required air pressure is not large, that is, it is easy to achieve air pressure unlocking. Moreover, in the locked state, the gas pressure source can be cut off at any time, and no ventilation pressure is required. Mechanical locking can be performed only by spring force, and the locking is stable and reliable.

[0047] Assuming that the rigidity coefficient of each group of compression springs 13 in the locked state is k, and the compression deformation is f, Figure 1 From formula (5), it can be seen that the locking force provided by the locking mechanism of the present invention is equal to

[0048] In addition, due to the conical head of the locking post 7 and the size of D8 < D7, the locking post 7 can be easily inserted into and removed from the locking disk 3, that is, it can be inserted and removed at a large inclination angle.

[0049] First, the application of the locking mechanism of the present invention in a rubber extruder head is described. Figure 6 and Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the application of the locking mechanism of the present invention in a rubber extruder head. Figure 6 and Figure 7 In the figure, the upper die and the lower die respectively represent the die flange and barrel flange of an integral single die, or the upper die and the lower die of a split single die, or the upper die and the lower die of each parting surface in a composite die. The number of locking mechanisms m depends on the locking force F of the locking mechanism. c , the maximum pressure p of the rubber melt in the die flow channel and the flow channel projection area S perpendicular to the parting surface, that is:

[0050]

[0051] exist Figure 6 , Figure 7 In the figure, six locking mechanisms are illustrated, and three locking mechanisms are evenly arranged on the left and right sides of the machine head.

[0052] Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by ordinary technicians in this technical field within the essential scope of the present invention also belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rubber extruder head locking mechanism, comprising an upper plate, a lower plate and a locking device for locking the upper plate and the lower plate, characterized in that: The locking device comprises a pull screw, a locking column, a locking plate, a steel ball and an elastic jacking device, wherein a lower plate cylindrical hole is provided in the middle of the lower plate, and the downwardly protruding part of the bottom of the locking plate extends into the upper part of the cylindrical hole of the lower plate, and the edge of the locking plate is fixedly connected to the lower plate by a screw, and the top surface of the locking plate is used to stick to or separate from the bottom surface of the upper plate. A stepped cylindrical hole is provided in the middle of the locking plate, and a screw hole is provided in the middle of the upper plate. The upper end of the pull screw extends into the screw hole, and the locking column is arranged in the stepped cylindrical hole and is connected to the lower end of the pull screw exposed from the screw hole. An annular groove is provided on the outer wall of the locking column, and the steel ball is placed in the thick diameter section at the lower part of the stepped cylindrical hole and the annular groove. The elastic jacking device comprises a jacking plate and a jacking locking assembly, and the circumferential side surface of the jacking plate forms a cylindrical hole of the lower plate The jacking plate is provided with a cylindrical hole in the middle of the jacking plate, and the top of the jacking plate is a cylinder. The outer side surface of the cylinder forms a sliding fit with the thick diameter section at the lower part of the step-shaped cylindrical hole, and the steel ball is located in the cylinder; the jacking locking assembly is used to elastically push the jacking plate to rise and push the steel ball into the annular groove, so that the top surface of the locking plate and the bottom surface of the upper plate are in close contact and locked; an air intake channel is provided on the side wall of the locking plate, and the inner end of the air intake channel is connected to the volume variable cavity formed by the locking plate, the jacking plate and the lower plate; an exhaust channel is provided on the side wall of the lower plate, and the exhaust channel is connected to the middle of the air intake channel, and the volume variable cavity is inflated through the air intake channel, so as to overcome the elastic force of the jacking locking assembly and push the jacking plate to descend, so that the steel ball exits the annular groove and releases the lock between the upper plate and the lower plate.

2. The rubber extruder head locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that A first dynamic sealing ring is installed between the cylindrical outer surface of the upper part of the lifting plate and the thick diameter of the lower part of the stepped cylindrical hole; a second dynamic sealing ring is installed between the circumferential outer surface of the lower part of the lifting plate and the cylindrical hole of the lower plate; a first static sealing ring is arranged between the downward protruding part of the bottom of the locking plate and the cylindrical hole of the lower plate, and a second static sealing ring is arranged between the locking plate at the peripheral part of the exhaust passage and the lower plate.

3. The rubber extruder head locking mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that A circular processing hole is opened on the bottom surface of the lower plate, the center of the circular processing hole and the cylindrical hole of the lower plate are on the same center line, and the diameter of the circular processing hole is larger than the cylindrical hole of the lower plate, and the height of the circular processing hole is smaller than the cylindrical hole of the lower plate. The circular processing hole is closed by a cover plate and fixed with a countersunk screw; the jacking locking assembly is installed between the jacking plate and the cover plate.

4. The rubber extruder head locking mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that , an annular groove is arranged on the bottom surface of the lifting plate, and the lifting locking assembly includes a lifting seat, a compression spring and a spring supporting seat. The lifting seat is arranged on the top surface of the cover plate, and at least two cylindrical blind holes are arranged on the annular edge of the lifting seat, and the center of each cylindrical blind hole is at the same distance from the center line. A spring supporting seat and a compression spring are placed in each cylindrical blind hole, and the upper end of each compression spring is pressed against the bottom surface of the annular groove of the lifting plate, and the circumferential side surface of the lower part of the lifting seat is positioned and matched with the cylindrical hole of the lower plate, and a third static sealing ring is installed between the two; a circular ring is arranged on the top of the boss in the middle of the lifting seat, and the outer side surface of the circular ring forms a sliding fit with the inner side surface of the cylindrical hole of the lifting plate of the lifting plate, and a third dynamic sealing ring is installed between the two.

5. The rubber extruder head locking mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The upper inner part of the cylinder of the lifting plate is an inner conical surface, the lower part of the annular groove of the locking column is an outer conical surface, and the top surface of the thick-diameter section at the lower part of the stepped cylindrical hole of the locking plate is in close contact with the steel ball, clamping the steel ball from three sides, so that the locking column can stably lock the upper plate and the lower plate together.

6. The rubber extruder head locking mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that The upper inner part of the cylinder of the lifting plate is an inner conical surface, the lower part of the annular groove of the locking column is an outer conical surface, and the top surface of the thick-diameter section at the lower part of the stepped cylindrical hole of the locking plate is in close contact with the steel ball, clamping the steel ball from three sides, so that the locking column can stably lock the upper plate and the lower plate together.

7. The rubber extruder head locking mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that An air inlet of the air inlet channel is arranged on the outer wall of the locking disk, and an exhaust port of the exhaust channel is arranged on the lower plate. The air inlet is connected to the air outlet pipeline of the compressed air pump, and the air pressure output by the compressed air pump is sufficient to overcome the elastic force of the lifting and locking assembly.

8. The rubber extruder head locking mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that An air inlet of the air inlet channel is arranged on the outer wall of the locking disk, and an exhaust port of the exhaust channel is arranged on the lower plate. The air inlet is connected to the air outlet pipeline of the compressed air pump, and the air pressure output by the compressed air pump is sufficient to overcome the elastic force of the lifting and locking assembly.

9. The rubber extruder head locking mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The upper plate is the head flange of the rubber extruder or the edge of the upper head, and the lower plate is the barrel flange of the rubber extruder or the edge of the lower head.

10. The rubber extruder head locking mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that The upper plate is the head flange of the rubber extruder or the edge of the upper head, and the lower plate is the barrel flange of the rubber extruder or the edge of the lower head.

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