Safety monitoring and emergency processing system for marine clean fuel

Abstract

The invention provides a marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency processing system, which fully utilizes gas, liquid, sound and other core carriers, strictly controls heat transfer, mass transfer, sound transfer and various indexes such as temperature, pressure, concentration and the like of fuel gas in the use process of clean fuel, takes IEC 60079-10-1 explosive gas environment international standard as reference, and realizes the safety monitoring and emergency processing of marine clean fuel. And a set of scientific and rigorous fuel gas safety monitoring and emergency treatment scheme is formulated. The invention aims to solve the safety problem of marine clean alternative fuel in practical application, is a universal system scheme with extremely high universality, and is suitable for any alternative fuel power ship type.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of green development and application of clean alternative fuels in global shipping, and in particular to a marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment system. Background Art

[0002] Carbon emissions from shipping account for about 3% of the world's carbon emissions. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has set a goal of reducing carbon emission intensity by 70% and total carbon emissions by 50% by 2050. In order to meet the challenges of decarbonization and emission reduction, the shipping industry has widely explored the ship adaptability of clean energy such as LNG, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), methanol, hydrogen, and ammonia. The global energy transformation has entered a critical period. Countries around the world are accelerating the exploration of "new solutions" for clean energy, stepping up the planning and deployment of the clean fuel industry, and actively promoting related technological innovations. Many large-scale projects have been implemented, and the development of clean fuels for shipping has entered an accelerated period. At this stage, clean fuels such as LNG, methanol, ammonia, and hydrogen have been widely adopted by the shipping industry. However, if the entire world shipping market wants to achieve higher green transformation goals, in addition to price economy, the safety of clean alternative fuels is also an important factor hindering the green development of global shipping. Compared with traditional fossil energy, the current use of clean fuels is ultimately based on internal combustion engines and fuel cells. After being reduced in pressure and heated up to be converted into a gaseous state, they are very easy to leak and escape. For example, the well-known hydrogen, ammonia, and methanol fuels have very strong volatility and permeability, flammability and explosiveness, and are even toxic, posing a great threat to the safety of crew members, passengers, and cargo. The green development of the shipbuilding industry is an important direction for a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation in the global maritime industry, and it is an inevitable way for my country's shipbuilding industry to achieve high-quality development. Based on the needs of the industry, the present invention has established a complete set of systematic solutions from the safety monitoring of clean fuels to emergency response measures, and constructed a universal safety platform suitable for any type of fuel, contributing technical strength to the green development of the shipping industry. Summary of the invention

[0003] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency handling system to solve the safety problems of marine clean alternative fuels in practical applications. It is a universal system solution with extremely strong universality and is suitable for any alternative fuel ship type.

[0004] The present invention provides a universal system for providing clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment for ships. According to the different sites of its function, it can be preliminarily divided into a fuel storage room, a fuel preparation room, and a fuel use room. They are respectively located in three different areas in the cabin and comply with the classification society's safety area division rules. The fuel preparation room is the key link connecting the fuel storage room and the fuel use room, and is also the part where the core functions of the system are concentrated.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] The present invention provides a marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment system. The system is roughly divided into fuel storage room, fuel preparation room and fuel use according to the working position. The three are located in different areas of the cabin, and the three areas constitute the main part involved in fuel gas. The specific location layout will refer to the requirements of the actual ship development project, and then further detailed design will be made.

[0007] The present invention provides a marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment system, in which the fuel storage room is mainly the area where the fuel storage tanks are located, and the number of fuel storage tanks can be flexibly adjusted to 2, 3, 4... or more in parallel according to the size of the ship and the voyage distance. The present invention provides a marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment system, in which the fuel preparation room is an important link between the fuel storage room and the fuel use room, and is also the link where the functions of this system are concentrated. The main function of the fuel preparation room is to pre-treat the fuel gas coming from the fuel storage room, including but not limited to process means such as decompression, heating, vaporization, and flow rate control, so as to safely and reliably prepare and adjust the fuel to meet the required supply conditions. To this end, the core units of the fuel preparation room mainly include ventilation units, double-walled pipe units, inert gas units, spray slow-release units, thermal management units, and gas detection and early warning units. The modules of each unit are both independent of each other and coupled, and complement each other to complete the functions of the fuel monitoring and emergency treatment system. The present invention provides a marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment system. The fuel use room is the place where the clean fuel is actually burned to provide energy conversion. The technical solution of the system is not only applicable to the current mainstream internal combustion engine and fuel cell routes, but also to other technologies such as future gas turbines. The main function of the fuel use room is to monitor indicators such as temperature, pressure, flow rate and gas concentration during the energy conversion process, so that they are always controlled within a safe range to avoid flammable, explosive and poisoning events.

[0008] The present invention provides a marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment system. Fuel gas leakage usually occurs in the pipeline during the transmission process, so the safety and reliability of the double-walled pipe unit is particularly important. The double-walled pipe unit mainly includes an inner pipe, an outer pipe, an inner pipe pressure sensor, an outer pipe pressure sensor, a fuel concentration detector and other signal transmission devices. All pipelines through which fuel passes will be designed as double-walled pipes. The outer pipe design pressure Po of the double-walled pipe is not lower than the maximum working pressure Pw of the inner pipe. The inner pipe is welded on the cross section, the outer pipe is sealed and welded to the outer end of the inner pipe, and the annular space between the inner and outer pipes is filled with inert nitrogen. Each section of the outer pipe is installed with a pressure sensor and a fuel concentration detector in the annular space, and the pipes at both ends of the outer pipe are respectively installed with an inflation valve and a release valve to facilitate the replacement of the inert gas.

[0009] The present invention provides a marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment system, in which the sprinkler is the functional implementation carrier of the spray slow-release unit, and the sprinkler will cover all compartments through which the fuel passes, and the sprayed liquid is usually water. When a serious fuel leak occurs at the location, the sprinkler will automatically open to spray water to absorb the fuel gas in the air to prevent combustion, explosion and poisoning. The present invention provides a marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment system, in which the inert gas purge module is the functional implementation carrier of the inert gas unit, and the inert gas purge module will cover all compartments through which the fuel passes, and the inert gas is usually nitrogen. When a fuel leak occurs at the location, the inert gas purge module will automatically open and deliver nitrogen to inertify the space to prevent combustion and explosion. At the same time, the inert gas purge module is also an auxiliary measure for shutdown, pipeline maintenance and other work. Only when the pipeline is purged clean can the shutdown and maintenance work be implemented to avoid safety accidents caused by residual gas.

[0010] The present invention provides a marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment system. The ventilation system is the function implementation carrier of the ventilation unit. The ventilation system will cover all cabins through which the fuel passes as a standing equipment. According to the different characteristics of the cabins, 2, 3, 4... multiple explosion-proof fans can be installed. The ventilation system will be opened regularly to deliver fresh air to ensure that the cabin is well ventilated. If a signal from the gas detection alarm unit is received and the fuel leakage concentration exceeds the standard, the fan will increase the speed and turn on the standby fan to quickly provide ventilation to prevent combustion, explosion, poisoning and other events. The ventilation system can work in synergy with the spray slow release system to quickly dilute the fuel gas concentration.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0012] The present invention provides a marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment system, which will make full use of core carriers such as gas, liquid, and sound, strictly control the heat transfer, mass transfer, and acoustics during the use of clean fuel, balance the temperature, pressure, concentration and other indicators of fuel gas, and take the IEC 60079-10-1 international standard for explosive gas environment as a reference to develop a scientific and rigorous fuel gas safety monitoring and emergency treatment plan. It solves the safety problem of marine clean alternative fuel in practical applications and is a universal general system solution that is applicable to any alternative fuel ship type. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment system described in the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the double-walled tube unit described in the present invention.

[0015] Figure 3Schematic diagram of other modules of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a control logic diagram of the marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment system of the present invention.

[0017] In the figure: (1) fuel storage room; (2) fuel preparation room; (3) fuel use room; (4) fuel storage tank; (5) core functional module; (6) ventilation unit; (7) double-walled pipe unit, (8) inert gas unit; (9) spray slow release unit; (10) thermal management unit; (11) gas detection and warning unit; (12) internal combustion engine; (13) fuel cell; (14) outer tube; (15) inner tube; (16) outer tube pressure sensor; (17) inner tube pressure sensor; (18) sprayer; (19) inert gas purge module; (20) ventilation system; (21) fuel concentration detector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The drawings in the embodiments provide a more detailed description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0019] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present application involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0020] In addition, if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present application, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this application.

[0021] Example

[0022] A marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency handling system provided by the present invention is characterized in that the system comprehensively covers all areas where hazards exist in the fuel storage room (1), fuel preparation room (2), and fuel usage room (3), and the main controller uniformly analyzes and processes abnormal conditions of each unit, overall monitors and implements protection to ensure the safe navigation of the ship. At the same time, the system is applicable to different power technologies of different fuels, including but not limited to different power ship types such as internal combustion engines and fuel cells using different alternative fuels such as LNG, hydrogen, alcohol, and ammonia.

[0023] A marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency handling system provided by the present invention is characterized in that as Figure 1 shown, the core functional modules of the system include 6 major monitoring and processing units such as ventilation, double-walled pipe, inert gas, spray, detection and warning, etc., and different levels of safety control are adopted from "normal monitoring - maintenance - emergency inerting - accident handling".

[0024] A marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency handling system provided by the present invention is characterized in that as Figure 2 shown, the double-walled pipe unit provides double-insurance leakage monitoring by combining pressure and concentration changes.

[0025] First, when the outer pipe pressure sensor detects that the pressure Po decreases abnormally, the working pressure Pw of the inner pipe increases slightly or remains unchanged, and the value C of the fuel concentration detector is not equal to 0, and Po is approximately equal to Pw, it indicates that only the inner pipe has a leak, resulting in a small amount of inert gas mixing into the fuel gas without any impact. Therefore, the controller only needs to issue a warning signal.

[0026] Second, when the outer pipe pressure sensor detects that the pressure Po drops abnormally and the pressure value is between the atmospheric pressure Pa and the working pressure Pw (i.e., Pa < Po < Pw), while the working pressure Pw of the inner pipe remains unchanged or the value C of the fuel concentration detector is equal to 0, it indicates that only the outer pipe is leaking. At this time, the double-walled pipe becomes a conventional single-walled pipe and there is actually no fuel leakage. Therefore, the controller only needs to issue an early warning signal.

[0027] Third, when the fuel concentration sensor detects a specific concentration value (C ≠ 0), and at the same time the outer pipe pressure sensor detects that the working pressure Po decreases abnormally, and Pa < Po < Pw, it indicates that both the inner pipe and the outer pipe are leaking, and the fuel transmission should be stopped immediately, the machine should be shut down and repaired.

[0028] A marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency handling system provided by the present invention is characterized in that the calculation of explosion protection and ventilation conditions of the system couples key parameters such as space volume, leakage degree and leakage rate, ventilation volume, frequency, and rate, and the calculation process refers to the evaluation model provided by the international IEC standard.

[0029] Typical calculation strategy of this system: The minimum ventilation rate of fresh air that theoretically dilutes the release of a given flammable gas to a concentration below the specified lower explosion limit can be calculated by the following formula:

[0030]

[0031] Where:

[0032] (dV / dt) min —Minimum volume flow rate of fresh air (volume per unit time, m 3 / s);

[0033] (dG / dt) max —The maximum release rate of the release source (mass per unit time, kg / s);

[0034] LELm—Lower explosion limit (mass per unit volume, kg / m 3 );

[0035] k—Safety factor applicable to the lower explosion limit, its typical value is:

[0036] k = 0.25 (continuous level and 1st level release);

[0037] k = 0.5 (2nd level release);

[0038] T—ambient temperature (K).

[0039] Typical calculation strategy 2 of this system: In terms of ventilation frequency, the number of fresh air replacement (filling) per unit time n (s -1 ), is obtained from the following formula:

[0040]

[0041] Where:

[0042] dV0 / dt – total fresh air velocity through the volume under consideration;

[0043] V0 - the total volume provided by actual ventilation near the release area (calculated based on the effective space in the cabin).

[0044] The present invention provides a marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment system, the key point is as follows Figure 4 The system control logic diagram is shown.

[0045] First, the system main controller manages and controls the six major functional units: ventilation, double-walled pipes, inert gas, spraying, detection and warning, and thermal management. At the same time, it can directly issue a shutdown command for easy adjustment; the gas detection unit preliminarily divides the danger level into first-level response (normal) and second-level response (emergency) according to the different fuel leakage situations, so that other units can take corresponding measures.

[0046] Second, when the spray slow-release unit receives the secondary response signal from the main controller, it will immediately open the corresponding spray valve according to the signal position, and the system pipeline will directly draw water from the water tank in the cabin to spray and absorb the leaked gas or even extinguish the flame.

[0047] Third, the ventilation unit is the normal operation module of the system to ensure real-time ventilation and purification of the cabin; when it receives the secondary response signal from the main controller, it immediately turns on the backup fan and runs it at high speed according to the signal position, quickly diluting the fuel gas concentration in the air and downgrading its danger level response, and then it can resume normal operation.

[0048] Fourth, the double-walled pipe unit is the normal operation module of the system. The pressure sensor and fuel concentration detector monitor the leakage of the pipeline at all times. As the "party" involved in the leakage, the double-walled pipe can independently judge the leakage level and issue a warning or even force a shutdown.

[0049] Fifth, the inert gas unit and thermal management unit are also normal operation modules of the system. Under normal circumstances, they supply nitrogen and cold water to the equipment to complete purging, purification and cooling. The heat exchanger of the thermal management unit cools the internal combustion engine, fuel cell and other equipment at all times. If the temperature exceeds the standard, it can enter the emergency operation mode to increase the water volume to achieve cooling; when an emergency leak occurs, the inert gas unit also takes on the role of inerting the space, immediately transporting a large amount of nitrogen to the corresponding place to implement inerting, reduce fuel concentration and response level, and even quickly isolate oxygen and prevent flames in the case of thermal runaway.

[0050] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may also make other changes within the spirit of the present invention and apply them to the design of the present invention, as long as they do not deviate from the technical effects of the present invention. These changes made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment system, characterized in that: It includes a fuel storage room (1), a fuel preparation room (2), and a fuel use room (3), which are located in different areas of the cabin; The fuel storage room (1) is used to store fuel storage tanks (4); The fuel preparation room (2) is used to pre-treat the fuel gas transmitted from the fuel storage room (1); The fuel use room (3) monitors the changes in temperature, pressure, flow rate and gas concentration during the energy conversion process to keep the temperature, pressure, flow rate and gas concentration within a safe range at all times, thereby avoiding the occurrence of flammable, explosive and poisoning events.

2. The marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fuel storage room (1) is provided with two or more fuel storage tanks (4) connected in parallel.

3. The marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fuel preparation room (2) is connected to the fuel storage room (1) and the fuel use room (3), and the pretreatment includes but is not limited to pressure reduction, temperature increase, vaporization, and flow rate control process means.

4. The marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The fuel preparation room (2) comprises a ventilation unit (6), a double-walled pipe unit (7), an inert gas unit (8), a spray slow-release unit (9), a thermal management unit (10), and a gas detection and early warning unit (11).

5. The marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The double-walled tube unit (7) mainly comprises an inner tube (15), an outer tube (14), an inner tube pressure sensor (17), an outer tube pressure sensor (16), and a fuel concentration detector (21).

6. The marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The design pressure Po of the outer tube (14) is not lower than the maximum working pressure Pw of the inner tube (15); the inner tube (15) is welded to the outer tube (14) on the cross section, sealed and welded to the outer end of the inner tube (15); the annular space between the inner tube (15) and the outer tube (14) is filled with inert nitrogen; each section of the outer tube (14) is equipped with an outer tube pressure sensor (16); the fuel concentration detector (21) of the annular space and the pipes at both ends of the outer tube (14) are respectively equipped with an inflation valve and a release valve to facilitate the replacement of the inert gas.

7. The marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The spray slow-release unit (9) is a sprayer (18), which covers the fuel storage room (1), the fuel preparation room (2), and the fuel use room (3) through which the fuel passes, and the sprayed liquid is water.

8. The marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The inert gas unit (8) is an inert gas purge module (19). The inert gas purge module (19) covers the fuel storage room (1), the fuel preparation room (2), and the fuel use room (3) through which the fuel passes. The inert gas is nitrogen.

9. The marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The ventilation unit (6) is a ventilation system (20), which covers a fuel storage room (1), a fuel preparation room (2), and a fuel use room (3) through which the fuel passes, and each room is equipped with a plurality of explosion-proof fans.

10. The marine clean fuel safety monitoring and emergency treatment system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The ventilation system (20) is used to open at a fixed time to deliver fresh air and ensure that the cabin is well ventilated. The ventilation system (20) is linked with the spray slow-release unit (9) to quickly dilute the fuel gas concentration.

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