Carbon-based organic fertilizer for controlling soil ammonia volatilization and improving soil fertility as well as preparation method and application of carbon-based organic fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a carbon-based organic fertilizer for controlling soil ammonia volatilization and improving soil fertility and a preparation method and application thereof. Livestock and poultry manure, fungus residues, wheat straw, fulvic acid and modified biochar are used as fermentation raw materials; the mass ratio of the livestock manure to the fungus residues to the wheat straw is (5-10): (5-10): 100, and stacking in an aerobic composting reactor for 25-40 days; the mixture of the livestock and poultry manure, the fungus residues and the wheat straw is an initial stacking material; the mass ratio of the fulvic acid to the modified charcoal to the initial compost is (4-8): (15-30): (200-300). The method provided by the invention is simple and easy to operate, and can be widely applied to agricultural production of saline-alkali soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of nitrogen loss control in saline-alkali land in the Yellow River irrigation area of ​​Ningxia, and specifically relates to a carbon-based organic fertilizer for controlling soil ammonia volatilization and improving soil fertility, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The improvement of saline-alkali land can provide guarantee for sustainable agricultural development and national food security. Soil salinization and secondary salinization have always been the bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of agriculture in the Ningxia Plain, especially in the northern irrigation area of ​​Ningxia, where the terrain is low-lying, irrigation and drainage are not smooth, and soil salinization is very prominent. Excessive salt seriously affects the stability of agricultural ecosystems and the sustainability of economic development. High soil salt concentration has a negative impact on plants through osmotic stress, nutritional imbalance, oxidative damage and monosalt toxicity, causing agricultural production resources to shrink. Saline-alkali land also limits the absorption of nitrogen by plants, and nitrogen is more easily lost in saline-alkali land. Specifically, the higher the degree of salinity, the more obvious the nitrogen loss. In saline-alkali land, ammonia volatilization is one of the main ways of nitrogen loss. With the increase of soil pH and salinization, the amount of ammonia volatilization produced by nitrogen fertilizer application will also increase significantly.

[0003] A lot of research and improvement have been done on the harm of saline-alkali soil to crops and the loss of nitrogen. The main improvement measures are divided into chemical improvement measures, physical improvement measures, water conservancy improvement measures, biological improvement measures, etc. For example, a physical and biological improvement method for severe coastal saline-alkali land using coastal brackish water resources combined with biological measures (invention application number: CN202311768213.4) was developed. Another example is the development of a water-soluble humic acid amine that can buffer soil pH, significantly improve the growth of crops in saline-alkali land, and reduce ammonia volatilization losses (invention application number: CN201910941726.8). However, there are still many problems with saline-alkali land, and there is little research and development on fertilization technology for controlling ammonia volatilization in saline-alkali soils. Therefore, it is necessary to innovate a new fertilization technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] Technical problem to be solved: In view of the current problems in the Yellow River irrigation area of ​​Ningxia, such as severe salinization, low nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, and serious soil ammonia volatilization caused by the application of nitrogen fertilizer, the present invention proposes a carbon-based organic fertilizer for controlling soil ammonia volatilization and improving soil fertility, as well as a preparation method and application thereof.

[0005] Technical solution: A method for preparing a carbon-based organic fertilizer for controlling soil ammonia volatilization and improving soil fertility, comprising the following steps: using livestock and poultry manure, fungus residue, wheat straw, fulvic acid and modified biochar as fermentation raw materials, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the livestock and poultry manure is 20-35 and the pH value is 6-7; the fungus residue contains protein, fat, carbohydrate, cellulose, vitamins and minerals, and its carbon-nitrogen ratio is 12-20; the mass ratio of livestock and poultry manure, fungus residue and wheat straw is (5-10):(5-10):100, and the fertilizer is piled in an aerobic composting reactor for 25-40 days; the mixture of livestock and poultry manure, fungus residue and wheat straw is the initial pile; the mass ratio of fulvic acid, modified biochar and the initial pile is (4-8):(15-30):(200-300).

[0006] Preferably, the wheat straw is dried and then chopped, and the livestock and poultry manure is dried until the moisture content does not exceed 8%.

[0007] The modified biochar is prepared by pyrolyzing wheat straw at 500°C; then the biochar is added to an oxalic acid solution with a concentration of 10g / mL at a mass volume ratio of 1:(15-20), stirred for reaction for 4-5h, dried at 60°C for 24h, heated to 120°C and maintained for 90min, and then washed with water to obtain the modified biochar.

[0008] The initial pile, fulvic acid and modified biochar are mixed evenly, water is added to a moisture content of 50-55%, and the mixture is placed in a composting reactor for 25-40 days. During the composting process, natural ventilation is performed for 30-60 minutes every day to obtain a carbon-based organic fertilizer.

[0009] The carbon-based organic fertilizer prepared by the above method.

[0010] The above-mentioned carbon-based organic fertilizer is used to control ammonia volatilization in saline-alkali soil and improve soil fertility in the Yellow River irrigation area of ​​Ningxia.

[0011] The application steps are: spread the carbon-based organic fertilizer as base fertilizer in the saline-alkali soil of Ningxia to be planted and deep plow it, and then apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, or spread the carbon-based organic fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers together as base fertilizer in the saline-alkali soil of the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area to be planted and deep plow it, and then plant crops.

[0012] The above base fertilizer is applied before spring tillage.

[0013] Preferably, the deep plowing depth is 20 cm.

[0014] The above-mentioned crop is corn, and the application amount of carbon-based organic fertilizer is 900-1800kg / mu.

[0015] Beneficial effects: The present invention uses modified biochar to optimize resources and produce carbon-based organic fertilizer suitable for use in saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of ​​Ningxia. After the carbon-based organic fertilizer that controls ammonia volatilization of saline-alkali soil in Ningxia and improves soil fertility is applied to saline-alkali soil in Ningxia, it can effectively reduce the pH of saline-alkali soil and soil ammonia volatilization, reduce the damage of saline-alkali soil to crops, solve the problems of crop salt resistance and low nitrogen utilization rate in saline-alkali agricultural production in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of ​​Ningxia, and at the same time improve the efficient utilization of saline-alkali land and improve the fertility of saline-alkali soil. The method provided by the present invention is simple and easy to operate, and can be widely used in agricultural production of saline-alkali soil. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 The effect of applying carbon-based organic fertilizer to control ammonia volatilization in saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of ​​Ningxia on ammonia volatilization in saline-alkali soil in Ningxia. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following examples are provided to further illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. The experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0018] Embodiment 1:

[0019] The soil used was saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of ​​Ningxia. The soil pH at 0-20cm was measured to be 8.78, the EC value was 1.17ms / cm, the total nitrogen content was 0.69g / kg, and the organic matter content was 6.69g / kg.

[0020] Experimental crop: corn.

[0021] The initial pile of biochemical fulvic acid, acid-modified biochar, livestock and poultry manure, fungus residue and wheat straw is mixed in a mass ratio of 8:30:200, and the charcoal-based organic fertilizer is applied after being piled for 25-40 days.

[0022] First, 900 kg / mu of carbon-based organic fertilizer for controlling ammonia volatilization in saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River irrigation area of ​​Ningxia was applied to the soil. The application method was to evenly spread it on the ground, then deep plow to a 20 cm soil layer, and plant corn on the soil. A week later, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were applied twice, including basal fertilizer and topdressing: the nitrogen fertilizer variety was urea (containing N46%), with a total application amount of 40 kg / mu; the phosphorus fertilizer variety was superphosphate (containing P 20.9%), with a total application amount of 29 kg / mu.

[0023] The control group was formed by applying the same amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers instead of carbon-based organic fertilizers to control ammonia volatilization in Ningxia saline-alkali soil.

[0024] The research results show that soil ammonia volatilization was collected and measured within ten days after the application of nitrogen fertilizer. The application of carbon-based organic fertilizer for controlling ammonia volatilization in Ningxia saline-alkali soil significantly reduced soil ammonia volatilization than not applying carbon-based organic fertilizer for controlling ammonia volatilization in Ningxia saline-alkali soil (Table 1).

[0025] Embodiment 2:

[0026] The soil used was saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of ​​Ningxia. The soil pH at 0-20cm was measured to be 8.78, the EC value was 1.17ms / cm, the total nitrogen content was 0.69g / kg, and the organic matter content was 6.69g / kg.

[0027] Test crop: corn

[0028] The initial pile of biochemical fulvic acid, acid-modified biochar, livestock and poultry manure, fungus residue and wheat straw is mixed in a mass ratio of 8:30:200, and then piled for 25 days or more to obtain the charcoal-based organic fertilizer for application.

[0029] First, 1800 kg / mu of carbon-based organic fertilizer for controlling ammonia volatilization in saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River irrigation area of ​​Ningxia was applied to the soil. The application method was to evenly spread it on the ground, then deep plow to a 20 cm soil layer, and plant corn on the soil. A week later, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were applied twice, including basal fertilizer and topdressing: the nitrogen fertilizer variety was urea (containing N46%), with a total application amount of 40 kg / mu; the phosphorus fertilizer variety was superphosphate (containing P 20.9%), with a total application amount of 29 kg / mu.

[0030] The control group was formed by applying the same amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers instead of carbon-based organic fertilizers to control ammonia volatilization in Ningxia saline-alkali soil.

[0031] The research results show that soil ammonia volatilization was collected and measured within ten days after the application of nitrogen fertilizer. The application of carbon-based organic fertilizer for controlling ammonia volatilization in Ningxia saline-alkali soil was significantly lower than that without applying carbon-based organic fertilizer for controlling ammonia volatilization in Ningxia saline-alkali soil. Moreover, the effect of controlling ammonia volatilization by applying 1800kg / mu of carbon-based organic fertilizer was better than that by applying 900kg / mu of carbon-based organic fertilizer (Table 1).

[0032] Table 1 Effects of carbon-based organic fertilizer on ammonia volatilization and soil fertility in saline-alkali soils in Ningxia

[0033]

[0034] Embodiment 3:

[0035] The soil used was saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River irrigation area of ​​Ningxia. The soil EC value of the 0-20cm tillage layer of the test site was measured to be 903.3μs / cm, soil pH: 8.67, total nitrogen content 0.52g / kg, and organic matter content 6.31g / kg.

[0036] Test crop: corn

[0037] The biochemical fulvic acid and acid-modified biochar were mixed with livestock and poultry manure, fungus residue and wheat straw in an initial pile at a mass ratio of 4:15:200 (fertilizer 1) and 8:30:200 (fertilizer 2), respectively, and applied after being piled for 25-40 days.

[0038] First, the carbon-based organic fertilizer for controlling ammonia volatilization in saline-alkali soil in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area was applied to the soil at an amount of 1800 kg / mu. The application method was to spread it evenly on the ground, then deep plow to a 20 cm soil layer, and plant corn on the soil. A week later, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were applied twice, basal fertilizer and topdressing: the nitrogen fertilizer variety was urea (containing N46%), with a total application amount of 40 kg / mu; the phosphorus fertilizer variety was superphosphate (containing P 20.9%), with a total application amount of 29 kg / mu. Location: Hongguozi Town, Huinong District, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the test period is from April 2023 to October 2023.

[0039] The control group was not treated with carbon-based organic fertilizer (the same amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were applied) to control ammonia volatilization in Ningxia saline-alkali soil.

[0040] The research results show that compared with the treatment without applying carbon-based organic fertilizer to control ammonia volatilization in Ningxia saline-alkali soil, carbon-based compost made by mixing biochemical fulvic acid, acid-modified biochar with initial piles of livestock and poultry manure, fungal residues and wheat straw in a mass ratio of 4:15:200 and 8:30:200 respectively can control ammonia volatilization in Ningxia saline-alkali soil (Table 2).

[0041] Table 2 Effects of different proportions of carbon-based organic fertilizers on ammonia volatilization and soil fertility in saline-alkali soils in Ningxia

[0042] deal with pH EC(μs / cm) <![CDATA[Total ammonia volatilization (kg / hm 2 )]]> Organic matter content (g / kg) Total nitrogen content (g / kg) CK 8.59 852.7 32.48 9.87 0.61 Fertilizer 1 8.46 806.3 27.66 12.33 0.72 Fertilizer 2 8.34 769.4 23.32 14.58 0.78

[0043] Embodiment 4:

[0044] The soil used is saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River irrigation area of ​​Ningxia. The EC value of the 0-20cm soil in the test site was measured to be 1205μs / cm, the soil pH was 8.58, the organic matter content was 6.54g / kg, and the soil salt content was 4.72g / kg.

[0045] Test crop: corn

[0046] The initial pile of biochemical fulvic acid, conventional biochar, livestock and poultry manure, fungus residue and wheat straw is mixed in a mass ratio of 8:30:200 (fertilizer 1), and the initial pile of biochemical fulvic acid, acid-modified biochar, livestock and poultry manure, fungus residue and wheat straw is mixed in a mass ratio of 8:30:200 (fertilizer 2), and applied after being piled for 25-40 days.

[0047] First, two carbon-based organic fertilizers were applied to the saline-alkali soil at a rate of 1800 kg / mu. The application method was to spread them evenly on the ground, then plow them deep to a 20 cm soil layer, and plant corn on the soil. One week later, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were applied twice, as basal fertilizer and topdressing: the nitrogen fertilizer variety was urea (containing N46%), with a total application rate of 40 kg / mu; the phosphorus fertilizer variety was superphosphate (containing P 20.9%), with a total application rate of 29 kg / mu. Location: Qianjin Farm, Pingluo County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the trial period was from April 2023 to October 2023.

[0048] Carbon-based organic fertilizer made from conventional biochar was used as a control.

[0049] The results showed that compared with the treatment of carbon-based organic fertilizer made from conventional biochar, carbon-based compost made from acid-modified biochar could effectively reduce soil pH and salt content (Table 3).

[0050] Table 3 Effects of different carbon-based organic fertilizers on pH and salinity in saline-alkali soils in Ningxia

[0051]

[0052] Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a carbon-based organic fertilizer for controlling soil ammonia volatilization and improving soil fertility, characterized in that the steps include: Livestock and poultry manure, fungus residue, wheat straw, fulvic acid and modified biochar are used as fermentation raw materials, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the livestock and poultry manure is 20-35 and the pH value is 6-7; the fungus residue contains protein, fat, carbohydrate, cellulose, vitamins and minerals, and its carbon-nitrogen ratio is 12-20; the mass ratio of livestock and poultry manure, fungus residue and wheat straw is (5-10): (5-10): 100, and the compost is piled in an aerobic composting reactor for 25-40 days; the mixture of livestock and poultry manure, fungus residue and wheat straw is used as the initial pile; the mass ratio of fulvic acid, modified biochar and the initial pile is (4-8): (15-30): (200-300).

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wheat straw is dried and chopped, and the livestock and poultry manure is dried until the water content does not exceed 8%.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modified biochar is prepared by pyrolyzing wheat straw at 500°C; then the biochar is added to an oxalic acid solution with a concentration of 10g / mL at a mass volume ratio of 1: (15-20), stirred for reaction for 4-5 hours, dried at 60°C for 24 hours, heated to 120°C and maintained for 90 minutes, and then washed with water to obtain the modified biochar.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The initial pile, fulvic acid and modified biochar are mixed uniformly, water is added to a moisture content of 50-55%, and the mixture is placed in a composting reactor for 25-40 days. During the composting process, natural ventilation is performed for 30-60 minutes every day to obtain a carbon-based organic fertilizer.

5. the carbon-based organic fertilizer prepared by the arbitrary described method of claim 1-4.

6. Use of the carbon-based organic fertilizer according to claim 5 in controlling ammonia volatilization of saline-alkali soil and improving soil fertility in the Yellow River Irrigation Area in Ningxia.

7. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that: The steps are: spreading carbon-based organic fertilizer as base fertilizer on the saline-alkali soil in Ningxia to be planted and deep plowing, and then applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, or spreading carbon-based organic fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers together as base fertilizer on the saline-alkali soil in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area to be planted and deep plowing, and then planting crops.

8. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that: Apply as basal fertilizer before spring tillage.

9. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that: The deep plowing depth is 20 cm.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The crop is corn, and the application amount of carbon-based organic fertilizer is 900-1800 kg / mu.

Images