Aluminum alloy prepared from waste metal and manufacturing method of aluminum alloy

Abstract

The invention provides a waste metal processed aluminum alloy and a manufacturing method thereof, and relates to the technical field of aluminum alloys. The invention relates to a manufacturing method of an aluminum alloy prepared from waste metal. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: S1, pre-treating waste metal to obtain a pre-treated metal material; s2, after the pretreated metal material is melted, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, La and Al are added according to the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy, melting is conducted, and mixed melt is obtained; s3, a refining agent is added into the mixed melt, argon is sprayed into the mixed melt, slag and gas are removed, and aluminum alloy liquid is obtained; s4, the molten aluminum alloy is subjected to casting and homogenization treatment, and an aluminum alloy cast rod is obtained; and S5, the aluminum alloy cast rod is subjected to heating, heat preservation, extrusion forming and aging treatment, and the aluminum alloy is obtained. The aluminum alloy prepared by adding the elements of Mn, Cu, Ni, Co and La has excellent mechanical properties.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloys, and in particular to an aluminum alloy processed from waste metals and a manufacturing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the advancement of technology and the times, metal materials are widely used in transportation, construction, home appliances, aerospace and other aspects. At the same time, scrap metals are gradually increasing. Recycling scrap metals can not only reduce environmental pollution, but also reduce costs.

[0003] However, the sources of scrap metal are complex, and the impurities contained in scrap metal will have a certain degree of impact on the newly processed products. Strict impurity removal and unique preparation processes are required to ensure high-quality aluminum alloy components. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present invention proposes an aluminum alloy processed from scrap metal and a manufacturing method thereof.

[0005] The present invention provides a method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy processed from scrap metal, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Pre-treating scrap metal to obtain pre-treated metal material;

[0007] S2, after the pretreated metal material is melted, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, La, and Al are added according to the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy, and melted to obtain a mixed melt;

[0008] S3, adding a refining agent to the mixed melt and spraying argon gas to remove slag and gas to obtain aluminum alloy liquid;

[0009] S4, casting and homogenizing the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain an aluminum alloy cast rod;

[0010] S5, heating, heat-insulating, extruding and aging the aluminum alloy cast rod to obtain the aluminum alloy.

[0011] Preferably, the scrap metal is scrap aluminum metal.

[0012] Preferably, in said S1, the pretreatment comprises first washing the scrap metal with a solvent and then drying it, then heating the scrap metal and cooling it.

[0013] More preferably, the solvent is independently selected from one or more of hydrochloric acid, acetone and sodium hydroxide.

[0014] More preferably, the heat treatment comprises heating the scrap metal at 1300-1500°C to remove slag.

[0015] More preferably, the cooling includes air cooling or water cooling.

[0016] Preferably, in said S2, melting comprises keeping warm at 600-800°C for 1-2h.

[0017] Preferably, in S3, the refining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of sodium chloride, 18-25 parts of zinc chloride, 8-15 parts of potassium fluoride, 1-5 parts of calcium fluoride, 20-25 parts of sodium nitrate, and 1-5 parts of lithium nitrate.

[0018] More preferably, the method for preparing the refining agent comprises the following steps: heating and melting the above raw materials in parts by weight under a protective gas atmosphere, cooling and grinding to obtain the refining agent.

[0019] More preferably, the protective gas is selected from one or more of nitrogen and argon.

[0020] More preferably, the heating temperature is 800-1200°C.

[0021] Preferably, in S3, the amount of the refining agent is 0.1-0.15% of the mass of the mixed melt.

[0022] Preferably, in said S4, the casting method includes a hot top method or an oil-gas sliding method.

[0023] Preferably, in said S4, the homogenization treatment comprises keeping the temperature at 400-600°C for 3-6 hours, and cooling the temperature to 200-250°C by air and keeping the temperature for 1-2 hours.

[0024] Preferably, in S5, the heating temperature is 400-600° C. and the insulation time is 3-4 h.

[0025] Preferably, in S5, the aging treatment comprises heating to 160-190°C at a rate of 20-100°C / h, keeping the temperature for 2-6h, and cooling to room temperature with strong wind at a rate of 100-150°C / h after being taken out of the furnace.

[0026] The present invention proposes an aluminum alloy obtained by the above-mentioned manufacturing method, whose chemical composition, in mass percentage, includes: Cu: 1-5%, Ni: 0.3-0.7%, Co: 1-2%, Mn: 0.05-0.15%, La: 0.05-0.2%, and the balance is Al and inevitable impurities.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] The present invention pre-treats the scrap metal, which is beneficial to dissolving oxides on the metal surface, removing grease and organic matter, and is beneficial to removing impurity metal elements in the scrap metal, such as Fe element, alkali metal element, etc. Through the manufacturing method of the present invention, scrap metal can be effectively utilized as a resource to synthesize an aluminum alloy with excellent performance. In the present invention, the addition of metal elements Mn, Co, and La not only plays a role in removing impurities, but also helps to refine the grains, and synergizes with homogenization treatment and aging treatment to improve the strength of the alloy. The present invention improves the strength of the alloy by adding a trace amount of copper, and an appropriate amount of copper does not affect the extrusion performance of the alloy. Adding an appropriate amount of Ni element helps to improve the toughness of the alloy. The aluminum alloy prepared by adding Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, and La elements in the present invention has excellent mechanical properties. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail through specific embodiments.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, the materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples and comparative examples can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] A method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy processed from scrap metal comprises the following steps:

[0033] S1, ultrasonically cleaning the scrap metal with 8wt% hydrochloric acid, acetone, and 5wt% sodium hydroxide in sequence, and then drying it, then heating the scrap metal at 1450°C to remove slag, and air-cooling it to room temperature to obtain a pretreated metal material;

[0034] S2, after the pretreated metal material is melted at 720° C., Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, La, and Al are added according to the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy, and melted to obtain a mixed melt;

[0035] S3, adding 0.1% refining agent to the mixed melt and spraying argon gas to remove slag and degas to obtain aluminum alloy liquid; wherein the preparation method of the refining agent comprises: heating and melting 8 parts of sodium chloride, 20 parts of zinc chloride, 10 parts of potassium fluoride, 3 parts of calcium fluoride, 22 parts of sodium nitrate, and 3 parts of lithium nitrate at 1100° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere, cooling, grinding, and passing through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain;

[0036] S4, casting the aluminum alloy liquid by hot top method at a casting speed of 120 mm / min, then performing homogenization treatment, keeping the temperature at 550° C. for 4 h, air cooling to 200° C. and keeping the temperature for 1.5 h to obtain aluminum alloy cast rods;

[0037] S5. The aluminum alloy cast rod is heated at 450°C, kept warm for 3 hours, extruded and aged to obtain an aluminum alloy; wherein the aging treatment comprises heating to 180°C at a rate of 80°C / h, keeping warm for 3 hours, and cooling to room temperature with a strong wind at a rate of 120°C / h after being taken out of the furnace.

[0038] The chemical composition of the aluminum alloy includes, by mass percentage, Cu: 3%, Ni: 0.4%, Co: 1%, Mn: 0.1%, La: 0.1%, and the balance is Al and inevitable impurities.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] A method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy processed from scrap metal comprises the following steps:

[0041] S1. The scrap metal is ultrasonically cleaned with 5wt% hydrochloric acid, acetone, and 5wt% sodium hydroxide in sequence and then dried. The scrap metal is then heated at 1500°C to remove slag and air-cooled to room temperature to obtain a pretreated metal material.

[0042] S2, after the pretreated metal material is melted at 720° C., Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, La, and Al are added according to the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy, and melted to obtain a mixed melt;

[0043] S3, adding 0.1% refining agent to the mixed melt and spraying argon gas to remove slag and degas to obtain aluminum alloy liquid; wherein the preparation method of the refining agent comprises: heating and melting 8 parts of sodium chloride, 20 parts of zinc chloride, 10 parts of potassium fluoride, 3 parts of calcium fluoride, 22 parts of sodium nitrate, and 3 parts of lithium nitrate at 1100° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere, cooling, grinding, and passing through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain;

[0044] S4, casting the aluminum alloy liquid by hot top method at a casting speed of 120 mm / min, then performing homogenization treatment, keeping the temperature at 550° C. for 4 h, air cooling to 200° C. and keeping the temperature for 1.5 h to obtain aluminum alloy cast rods;

[0045] S5. The aluminum alloy cast rod is heated at 450°C, kept warm for 3 hours, extruded and aged to obtain an aluminum alloy; wherein the aging treatment comprises heating to 180°C at a rate of 80°C / h, keeping warm for 3 hours, and cooling to room temperature with a strong wind at a rate of 120°C / h after being taken out of the furnace.

[0046] The chemical composition of the aluminum alloy includes, by mass percentage, Cu: 2.5%, Ni: 0.5%, Co: 1.2%, Mn: 0.1%, La: 0.1%, and the balance is Al and inevitable impurities.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] A method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy processed from scrap metal comprises the following steps:

[0049] S1, ultrasonically cleaning the scrap metal with 8wt% hydrochloric acid, acetone, and 5wt% sodium hydroxide in sequence, and then drying it, then heating the scrap metal at 1450°C to remove slag, and air-cooling it to room temperature to obtain a pretreated metal material;

[0050] S2, after the pretreated metal material is melted at 800° C., Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, La, and Al are added according to the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy, and melted to obtain a mixed melt;

[0051] S3, adding 0.1% refining agent to the mixed melt and spraying argon gas to remove slag and degas to obtain aluminum alloy liquid; wherein the preparation method of the refining agent comprises: heating and melting 10 parts of sodium chloride, 18 parts of zinc chloride, 8 parts of potassium fluoride, 2 parts of calcium fluoride, 25 parts of sodium nitrate, and 3 parts of lithium nitrate at 1100° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere, cooling, grinding, and passing through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain;

[0052] S4, casting the aluminum alloy liquid by hot top method at a casting speed of 120 mm / min, then performing homogenization treatment, keeping the temperature at 550° C. for 4 h, air cooling to 200° C. and keeping the temperature for 1.5 h to obtain aluminum alloy cast rods;

[0053] S5. The aluminum alloy cast rod is heated at 450°C, kept warm for 3 hours, extruded and aged to obtain an aluminum alloy; wherein the aging treatment comprises heating to 180°C at a rate of 80°C / h, keeping warm for 3 hours, and cooling to room temperature with a strong wind at a rate of 120°C / h after being taken out of the furnace.

[0054] The chemical composition of the aluminum alloy includes, by mass percentage, Cu: 3%, Ni: 0.4%, Co: 1%, Mn: 0.1%, La: 0.1%, and the balance is Al and inevitable impurities.

[0055] Comparative Example 1

[0056] A method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy processed from scrap metal comprises the following steps:

[0057] S1. Ultrasonic cleaning of the scrap metal with 10 wt% sodium hydroxide and drying thereof, then heating the scrap metal at 1450° C. to remove slag, and air cooling the scrap metal to room temperature to obtain a pretreated metal material;

[0058] S2, after the pretreated metal material is melted at 720° C., Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, La, and Al are added according to the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy, and melted to obtain a mixed melt;

[0059] S3, adding 0.1% refining agent to the mixed melt and spraying argon gas to remove slag and degas to obtain aluminum alloy liquid; wherein the preparation method of the refining agent comprises: heating and melting 8 parts of sodium chloride, 20 parts of zinc chloride, 10 parts of potassium fluoride, 3 parts of calcium fluoride, 22 parts of sodium nitrate, and 3 parts of lithium nitrate at 1100° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere, cooling, grinding, and passing through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain;

[0060] S4, casting the aluminum alloy liquid by hot top method at a casting speed of 120 mm / min, then performing homogenization treatment, keeping the temperature at 550° C. for 4 h, air cooling to 200° C. and keeping the temperature for 1.5 h to obtain aluminum alloy cast rods;

[0061] S5. The aluminum alloy cast rod is heated at 450°C, kept warm for 3 hours, extruded and aged to obtain an aluminum alloy; wherein the aging treatment comprises heating to 180°C at a rate of 80°C / h, keeping warm for 3 hours, and cooling to room temperature with a strong wind at a rate of 120°C / h after being taken out of the furnace.

[0062] The chemical composition of the aluminum alloy includes, by mass percentage, Cu: 3%, Co: 1%, Mn: 0.1%, La: 0.1%, and the balance is Al and inevitable impurities.

[0063] Comparative Example 2

[0064] A method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy processed from scrap metal comprises the following steps:

[0065] S1, ultrasonically cleaning the scrap metal with 8wt% hydrochloric acid, acetone, and 5wt% sodium hydroxide in sequence and then drying to obtain a pretreated metal material;

[0066] S2, after the pretreated metal material is melted at 720° C., Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, La, and Al are added according to the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy, and melted to obtain a mixed melt;

[0067] S3, adding 0.1% refining agent to the mixed melt and spraying argon gas to remove slag and degas to obtain aluminum alloy liquid; wherein the preparation method of the refining agent comprises: heating and melting 8 parts of sodium chloride, 20 parts of zinc chloride, 10 parts of potassium fluoride, 3 parts of calcium fluoride, 22 parts of sodium nitrate, and 3 parts of lithium nitrate at 1100° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere, cooling, grinding, and passing through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain;

[0068] S4, casting the aluminum alloy liquid by hot top method at a casting speed of 120 mm / min, then performing homogenization treatment, keeping the temperature at 550° C. for 4 h, air cooling to 200° C. and keeping the temperature for 1.5 h to obtain aluminum alloy cast rods;

[0069] S5. The aluminum alloy cast rod is heated at 450°C, kept warm for 3 hours, extruded and aged to obtain an aluminum alloy; wherein the aging treatment comprises heating to 180°C at a rate of 80°C / h, keeping warm for 3 hours, and cooling to room temperature with a strong wind at a rate of 120°C / h after being taken out of the furnace.

[0070] The chemical composition of the aluminum alloy includes, by mass percentage, Cu: 3%, Ni: 0.4%, Mn: 0.1%, La: 0.1%, and the balance is Al and inevitable impurities.

[0071] The tensile strength and elongation of the aluminum alloy prepared above were tested. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0072] Table 1

[0073] Group Tensile strength / MPa Elongation / % Example 1 288 11.2 Example 2 276 11.6 Example 3 285 11.3 Comparative Example 1 210 8.2 Comparative Example 2 195 10.5

[0074] It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that the aluminum alloy prepared by the present invention has excellent tensile strength and elongation. It can be seen from the data in the comparative example and the embodiment that the aluminum alloy prepared by combining the metal element ratio of the aluminum alloy of the present invention with the manufacturing process of the present invention has excellent mechanical properties.

[0075] In summary, the method for manufacturing aluminum alloy by processing scrap metal provided by the present invention not only utilizes scrap metal as a resource, but also obtains an aluminum alloy with excellent performance.

[0076] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing aluminum alloy processed from scrap metal, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Pre-treating scrap metal to obtain pre-treated metal material; S2, after the pretreated metal material is melted, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, La, and Al are added according to the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy, and melted to obtain a mixed melt; S3, adding a refining agent to the mixed melt and spraying argon gas to remove slag and gas to obtain aluminum alloy liquid; S4, casting and homogenizing the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain an aluminum alloy cast rod; S5, heating, heat-insulating, extruding and aging the aluminum alloy cast rod to obtain the aluminum alloy.

2. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above-mentioned S1, the pretreatment includes firstly washing the scrap metal with a solvent and then drying it, then heating the scrap metal and cooling it.

3. The manufacturing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The solvent is independently selected from one or more of hydrochloric acid, acetone and sodium hydroxide; the heating treatment comprises heating and deslagging the scrap metal at 1300-1500°C.

4. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S2, melting includes keeping warm at 600-800°C for 1-2h.

5. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S3, the refining agent includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of sodium chloride, 18-25 parts of zinc chloride, 8-15 parts of potassium fluoride, 1-5 parts of calcium fluoride, 20-25 parts of sodium nitrate, and 1-5 parts of lithium nitrate.

6. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above-mentioned S3, the amount of the refining agent is 0.1-0.15% of the mass of the mixed melt.

7. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above-mentioned S4, the homogenization treatment includes keeping the temperature at 400-600°C for 3-6 hours, and cooling the temperature to 200-250°C by air and keeping the temperature for 1-2 hours.

8. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above-mentioned S5, the aging treatment includes heating to 160-190°C at a rate of 20-100°C / h, keeping the temperature for 2-6h, and cooling to room temperature with strong wind at a rate of 100-150°C / h after being taken out of the furnace.

9. An aluminum alloy obtained by the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The chemical composition includes, by mass percentage, Cu: 1-5%, Ni: 0.3-0.7%, Co: 1-2%, Mn: 0.05-0.15%, La: 0.05-0.2%, and the balance is Al and inevitable impurities.