Sprayed concrete structure beneficial to drainage and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a sprayed concrete structure beneficial to drainage and a construction method thereof.The sprayed concrete structure comprises a sprayed concrete layer covering a structural excavation face, a supporting framework is arranged between the sprayed concrete layer and the structural excavation face, and the supporting framework is fixedly connected with the structural excavation face; a drainage channel is fixedly arranged on the side, close to the structure excavation face, of the supporting framework, an inverted filter layer is arranged on the side, close to the structure excavation face, of the drainage channel, and slope surface seepage water of the structure excavation face is drained to the slope bottom of the structure excavation face through the drainage channel. The sprayed concrete structure beneficial to drainage can solve the technical problem of water seepage of sprayed concrete.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of building and civil engineering materials, and particularly relates to a sprayed concrete structure which is conducive to drainage and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Shotcrete is a common engineering structural measure. Its main purpose is to close the excavation surface of the structure (rock surface, soil surface or soil-rock interface, etc.) and ensure the stability of the structure. It is commonly used in underground engineering structures, slope protection, structural reinforcement and other projects. It is a structural technology with good mechanical properties, fast spraying speed and convenient structural forming. However, during the implementation of the project, shotcrete is prone to the following two problems: 1) Due to the constraints of factors such as spraying equipment, operation methods, and forming methods, the forming density of shotcrete is much weaker than that of cast-in-place concrete structures, making its own anti-seepage and waterproofing capabilities poor, and its water pressure resistance is even lower, and its anti-seepage grade is weaker than P8 grade; 2) When water seepage occurs on the sprayed surface, on the one hand, the seepage can easily penetrate the shotcrete structure layer, causing dripping and seepage problems; on the other hand, if there is no water seepage, the seepage pressure will continue to accumulate, and the external water pressure of the structure will increase, which will eventually induce seepage or even gushing problems. Once the shotcrete leaks, problems such as structural alkali return and reduced structural strength will arise, which will eventually affect the safety of the entire structure.

[0003] In order to control the engineering threats brought by shotcrete leakage, the traditional methods usually adopt the following two methods to solve the problem: First, improve the waterproof ability of shotcrete to control leakage. Usually, the process control is strengthened and special concrete admixtures or external admixtures are added to enhance the compactness of shotcrete to improve the waterproof ability of the structure itself; second, set up shotcrete drainage facilities to dredge and relieve pressure, such as laying drainage blind pipes between the shotcrete and the sprayed surface, usually at intervals of 8 to 12 meters, to collect seepage and reduce internal water pressure; or insert drainage pipes at certain intervals on the shotcrete surface to reduce the water pressure on the sprayed surface and eliminate seepage. These two traditional methods have a large number of application cases, but there are also obvious application deficiencies: 1) The method of improving the density of concrete is greatly affected by uncertain factors of on-site construction (such as raw materials, mix ratio, spraying equipment, spraying process, operator proficiency, etc.), which is prone to unstable structural quality improvement, and ultimately cannot completely solve the seepage problem; 2) The method of improving the density of shotcrete has limitations in improving anti-seepage. If the seepage continues to increase and accumulate, the seepage pressure will continue to increase, and eventually it will penetrate the shotcrete structure layer due to excessive water pressure. This measure only delays the seepage time and cannot fundamentally solve the problem; 3) The spacing between drainage blind pipes or drainage pipes is large, and a single pipe can only collect nearby seepage, and the impact range is very limited, resulting in a large amount of water on the sprayed surface cannot be discharged and leaks. 4) The diameter of the drainage blind pipe is large (the common diameter is φ80~φ100mm). If the layout spacing is too small, it will seriously weaken the bearing capacity of the shotcrete structure and also affect the adhesion between the shotcrete and the sprayed surface; 5) The drainage holes reserved on the drainage blind pipe or the filter material coated on the surface are easily blocked by cement slurry during the spraying construction stage, thereby quickly losing the drainage effect. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the existing technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a sprayed concrete structure which is conducive to drainage and a construction method thereof, wherein the sprayed concrete structure can solve the technical problem of water seepage in the sprayed concrete.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A shotcrete structure that is conducive to drainage, including a shotcrete layer covering the structural excavation surface, and its structural characteristics are: a support frame is provided between the shotcrete layer and the structural excavation surface, and the support frame is fixedly connected to the structural excavation surface; a drainage channel is fixedly provided on the side of the support frame close to the structural excavation surface, and a filter layer is provided on the side of the drainage channel close to the structural excavation surface, and water seepage from the slope of the structural excavation surface is discharged to the bottom of the slope of the structural excavation surface through the drainage channel.

[0007] The support frame is the attachment structure of the drainage channel. The seepage water on the excavation surface of the structure enters the drainage channel under the filtration and guidance of the filter layer on the drainage channel, and is discharged to the bottom of the slope of the excavation surface of the structure through the drainage channel. In addition, the support frame can also serve as a blocking structure of the drainage channel during the spraying construction of the shotcrete layer to prevent the sprayed cement slurry from clogging the drainage channel. The support frame can be made of grid material or metal mesh material.

[0008] Preferably, the support frame includes a plurality of transverse frames and a plurality of vertical frames, the plurality of transverse frames are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the structural excavation surface, the plurality of vertical frames are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the structural excavation surface, and the plurality of transverse frames and the plurality of vertical frames are respectively cross-connected to form a grid. Arranging the support frame in a grid shape can provide multiple attachment positions for the drainage channel and can also reduce the impact on the bonding strength between the sprayed concrete layer and the structural excavation surface.

[0009] Specifically, the drainage channel includes a plurality of first drainage channels, and a first filter layer is provided on one side of the first drainage channel close to the structural excavation surface; the plurality of first drainage channels are respectively provided on a plurality of vertical frames along the length direction of the vertical frame, and the width of the first drainage channel is less than or equal to the width of the vertical frame. The first filter layer provided on one side of the first drainage channel guides and filters the seepage of the structural excavation surface, and the other side of the first drainage channel overlaps and connects with the vertical frame, and the vertical frame can serve as a support and blocking structure of the first drainage channel, thereby preventing the injected cement slurry from clogging the first drainage channel.

[0010] Preferably, a second drainage channel is fixedly provided on one side of the plurality of transverse skeletons close to the structural excavation surface, and the second drainage channel is arranged along the length direction of the transverse skeleton, and the width of the second drainage channel is less than or equal to the width of the transverse skeleton; a second filter layer is provided on the side of the second drainage channel close to the structural excavation surface, and the second drainage channel is connected to the first drainage channel to form a grid. The second drainage channel overlaps and is connected to the transverse skeleton, which can prevent the second drainage channel and the supporting skeleton from being torn during the spraying construction, thereby resisting the impact of the spraying and mixing, and preventing the cement slurry from clogging the second drainage channel. The grid-like drainage channel can cover most areas of the structural excavation surface, and can form a large number of small drainage channels between the structural excavation surface and the sprayed concrete layer, which can both drain water and discharge water pressure, thereby reducing the structural anti-seepage requirements of the sprayed concrete layer, thereby preventing the occurrence of water leakage problems in the sprayed concrete layer.

[0011] Preferably, the thickness of the first drainage channel and the second drainage channel are both 5 to 15 mm, and the width of the first drainage channel and the second drainage channel are both 10 to 50 mm. The thickness of the first drainage channel and the second drainage channel refers to the length spacing of the first drainage channel and the second drainage channel in the direction perpendicular to the structural excavation surface, and the width and thickness parameters can be adjusted according to the designed water flow. Compared with the traditional drainage blind pipe (common diameter is φ80 to φ100 mm), the width of the first drainage channel and the second drainage channel is only 10 to 50 mm, and the thickness is also relatively small. Therefore, the setting of the first drainage channel and the second drainage channel will neither reduce the structural strength of the shotcrete layer nor reduce the interface bonding strength between the shotcrete layer and the structural excavation surface too much.

[0012] Preferably, a support plate is provided in each of the first drainage channel and the second drainage channel, and the support plate and the support frame are made of geopolymer material, and both ends of the first drainage channel and the second drainage channel along the length direction are open structures. The first drainage channel and the second drainage channel are provided with open structures at both ends, which can increase the collection area and water permeability and improve the drainage performance. The support plate can be made of W-shaped, M-shaped, corrugated, two-dimensional or three-dimensional structural materials to support the first drainage channel and the second drainage channel, but will not hinder the passage of water in the first drainage channel and the second drainage channel.

[0013] Preferably, a third filter layer is provided on the side where the first drainage channel is connected to the vertical skeleton, and a gap is provided between the third filter layer and the first filter layer; a fourth filter layer is provided on the side where the second drainage channel is connected to the transverse skeleton, and a gap is provided between the fourth filter layer and the second filter layer; the third filter layer and the vertical skeleton, as well as the fourth filter layer and the transverse skeleton, are bonded and connected, and the peel strength between the two is not less than 100N / m. The third filter layer and the fourth filter layer can form a drainage channel with omnidirectional drainage function, so that the drainage channel is not easy to be blocked under long-term seepage conditions and continuous drainage is achieved. Compared with traditional drainage pipes or blind pipes, it does not rely on drilling point drainage and has its own filter function, and its long-term use and anti-clogging ability will be greatly improved. In addition, the third filter layer and the fourth filter layer are provided so that the first drainage channel and the vertical skeleton and the second drainage channel and the transverse skeleton can be fixedly connected, so that the first drainage channel and the second drainage channel are not easy to be torn and damaged during subsequent jetting construction, so that the first drainage channel and the second drainage channel meet the requirements in terms of drainage and fixing strength.

[0014] Preferably, the first filter layer, the second filter layer, the third filter layer and the fourth filter layer are all made of polypropylene non-woven fabric material, and the gram weight per square meter of the polypropylene non-woven fabric material is not less than 100 grams; the first filter layer and the third filter layer, as well as the second filter layer and the fourth filter layer are respectively connected to form a whole. The first filter layer and the third filter layer can be made of the same material, and a gap is set between the first filter layer and the third filter layer, and the two sides are connected to form a whole. The second filter layer and the fourth filter layer can be made of the same material, and a gap is set between the first filter layer and the third filter layer, and the two sides are connected to form a whole.

[0015] Preferably, the width of the transverse frame and the vertical frame are both 10-50 mm, the thickness of the transverse frame and the vertical frame are both 3-10 mm, and the center spacing between adjacent transverse frames and adjacent vertical frames is 150-350 mm. The presence of the support frame between the shotcrete layer and the structural excavation surface will have an adverse effect on the bonding performance of the two. If the grid size of the support frame is too small or the width of the transverse frame and the vertical frame is too wide, the shotcrete structure will be delaminated and detached. During on-site construction, the concrete will tear off and fall off the support frame, resulting in unsuccessful application. The preferred transverse frame and vertical frame width of the present invention are 10-50 mm, and the center spacing between adjacent transverse frames and adjacent vertical frames is 150-350 mm, which can reduce the adverse effects to a relatively low level. After actual verification, there is basically no tearing and falling off.

[0016] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides a sprayed concrete construction method that is conducive to drainage, using the sprayed concrete structure that is conducive to drainage as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1. Clean the sprayed surface of the excavated structure, remove loose and easily falling blocks, spray concrete to level, and fill the pits on the sprayed surface; prepare multiple support frames and fix the drainage channel on one side of the support frame;

[0018] S2. Place the side of the support frame with the drainage channel facing the structural excavation surface, and lay the support frame from top to bottom along the height direction of the structural excavation surface. The support frame is fixedly connected to the structural excavation surface, and ensure that the support frame fits the structural excavation surface;

[0019] S3. Use spraying equipment to spray the shotcrete material vertically on the structural excavation surface from bottom to top layer by layer until the designed spraying thickness is reached;

[0020] S4: The shotcrete is cured and formed, and the construction is completed.

[0021] During construction, the lower end of the drainage channel can be extended into drainage ditches or drainage pipes and other seepage collection facilities. When the spraying thickness is large, it should be sprayed in layers until the designed spraying thickness is reached.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) The sprayed concrete structure of the present invention is conducive to drainage. A support frame and a drainage channel are arranged between the sprayed concrete layer and the structural excavation surface to form a permanent drainage measure. The advantages of the small spacing and dense arrangement of the drainage channel grid can form a large number of small drainage channels, which can both drain water and discharge water pressure, thereby reducing the anti-seepage requirements of the sprayed concrete structure, thereby preventing the occurrence of sprayed concrete leakage problems;

[0024] (2) The sprayed concrete structure and construction method thereof that facilitates drainage of the present invention has a drainage channel that is a structure with a permeable filter layer grid on one side and a support frame grid on the other side. The permeable filter layer grid surface is in close contact with the sprayed surface, which can ensure that cement slurry will not be poured into the drainage channel during the spraying process, and can also allow water seepage from the sprayed surface after spraying to easily pass through the filter layer and enter the drainage channel;

[0025] (3) The sprayed concrete structure and construction method thereof that facilitate drainage of the present invention, the drainage channel and the supporting frame are made of polymer geotechnical materials, which have strong corrosion resistance, are lightweight and have certain strength and laying rigidity, can adapt to the uneven shape of the sprayed surface and the laying process, and are easy to lay quickly;

[0026] (4) The sprayed concrete structure and construction method thereof that are conducive to drainage of the present invention have a horizontal frame and a vertical frame width of 10 to 50 mm, and a center distance between adjacent horizontal frames and adjacent vertical frames of 150 to 350 mm, which can reduce the adverse effect of the support frame on the bonding performance between the sprayed concrete and the sprayed surface to a relatively low level. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal cross-sectional structure of the sprayed concrete structure that is conducive to drainage of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the sprayed concrete structure that is conducive to drainage of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the middle support skeleton structure;

[0030] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the middle drainage channel structure;

[0031] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the support skeleton structure in Example 5 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a single mesh structure.

[0033] In the figure

[0034] 1-support frame, 101-transverse frame, 102-vertical frame, 2-drainage channel, 201-first drainage channel, 201-1-first inverted filter layer, 201-2-third inverted filter layer, 202-second drainage channel, 202-1-second inverted filter layer, 202-2-fourth inverted filter layer, 203-support plate, 3-structural excavation surface, 4-sprayed concrete layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. For the convenience of description, if the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" appear in the following, they only indicate that the upper, lower, left and right directions are consistent with the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.

[0036] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the sprayed concrete structure that is conducive to drainage provided by this embodiment includes a sprayed concrete layer 4 covering the structural excavation surface 3, and a support frame 1 is provided between the sprayed concrete layer 4 and the structural excavation surface 3, and the support frame 1 is fixedly connected to the structural excavation surface 3. A drainage channel 2 is fixedly provided on one side of the support frame 1 close to the structural excavation surface 3. Figure 3 As shown, the support frame 1 includes multiple transverse frames 101 and multiple vertical frames 102. The multiple transverse frames 101 are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the structural excavation surface 3, and the multiple vertical frames 102 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the structural excavation surface 3. The multiple transverse frames 101 and the multiple vertical frames 102 are vertically cross-connected to form a grid. Figure 4 As shown, the drainage channel 2 includes a plurality of first drainage channels 201 and a plurality of second drainage channels 202, and the second drainage channels 202 are connected to the first drainage channels 201 to form a grid. Figure 1 As shown, a plurality of first drainage channels 201 are respectively arranged on a plurality of vertical frames 102 along the length direction of the vertical frames 102, and the width of the first drainage channels 201 is less than or equal to the width of the vertical frames 102. A first filter layer 201-1 is arranged on the side of the first drainage channel 201 close to the structural excavation surface 3, and a third filter layer 201-2 is arranged on the side of the first drainage channel 201 connected to the vertical frames 102, and a gap is arranged between the third filter layer 201-2 and the first filter layer 201-1. Figure 2As shown, a plurality of second drainage channels 202 are respectively arranged on a plurality of transverse frames 101 along the length direction of the transverse frame 101, and the width of the second drainage channel 202 is less than or equal to the width of the transverse frame 101. A second filter layer 202-1 is provided on the side of the second drainage channel 202 close to the structural excavation surface 3, and a fourth filter layer 202-2 is provided on the side of the second drainage channel 202 connected to the transverse frame 101, and a gap is provided between the fourth filter layer 202-2 and the second filter layer 202-1. Support plates 203 are provided in the first drainage channel 201 and the second drainage channel 202, and the support plates 203 and the support frame 1 are made of geopolymer materials. Both ends of the first drainage channel 201 and the second drainage channel 202 along the length direction are open structures. The third filter layer 201-2 and the vertical frame 102, as well as the fourth filter layer 202-2 and the transverse frame 101 are bonded and connected, and the peel strength between the two is not less than 100N / m.

[0037] This embodiment also provides a sprayed concrete construction method that is conducive to drainage, using the sprayed concrete structure that is conducive to drainage as described above, including the following steps:

[0038] S1. Clean the sprayed surface of the excavated surface 3 of the structure, remove loose and easy-to-fall blocks, level the sprayed concrete, and fill the sprayed surface pits; prepare multiple support frames 1, and fix the drainage channel 2 on one side of the support frame 1;

[0039] S2. Place the side of the support frame 1 with the drainage channel 2 facing the structural excavation surface 3, and lay the support frame 1 from top to bottom along the height direction of the structural excavation surface 3 by manual or mechanical means. The support frame 1 and the structural excavation surface 3 are fixedly connected by mechanical means such as anchor rods or soil nails. The anchor rods or soil nails are arranged at a certain longitudinal and transverse spacing, and ensure that the support frame 1 fits the structural excavation surface 3; the upper and lower ends of the drainage channel 2 should be open or extend into drainage ditches or pipes and other seepage water collection facilities;

[0040] S3. Use spraying equipment to spray the shotcrete material vertically to the structural excavation surface 3 from bottom to top layer by layer until the designed spraying thickness is reached; when the spraying thickness is large, the spraying construction should be carried out in layers;

[0041] S4: The shotcrete is cured and formed, and the construction is completed.

[0042] Embodiment 1:

[0043] In this embodiment, the drainage channel 2 includes a first drainage channel 201 and a second drainage channel 202, and the first drainage channel 201 and the second drainage channel 202 have the same structure and material. The width of the first drainage channel 201 and the second drainage channel 202 are both 30 mm, the thickness is both 5 mm, and the center distance between two adjacent first drainage channels 201 and the adjacent second drainage channels 202 is 250 mm. The first filter layer 201-1, the second filter layer 202-1, the third filter layer 201-2 and the fourth filter layer 202-2 are all made of polypropylene non-woven filter material, and the support plate 203 is made of a W-shaped solidified polypropylene core board. The first drainage channel 201 and the second drainage channel 202 are both formed by covering the W-shaped solidified polypropylene core board with two layers of polypropylene non-woven filter material in the upper and lower directions with thermal bonding. The transverse frame 101 and the vertical frame 102 are both made of PET polyester yarn covered with PE polyethylene shell, and the cross node where the transverse frame 101 and the vertical frame 102 are connected is ultrasonically welded. The width of the transverse frame 101 and the vertical frame 102 are both 30mm, the thickness is both 5mm, and the center distance between two adjacent transverse frames 101 and two adjacent vertical frames 102 is 250mm. The drainage channel 2 and the support frame 1 are overlapped and bonded with glue to form a shape, and the peel strength between the two is 1.0KN / m.

[0044] Embodiment 2:

[0045] In this embodiment, the drainage channel 2 only includes the first drainage channel 201, the width of the first drainage channel 201 is 30mm, the thickness is 5mm, and the center distance between two adjacent first drainage channels 201 is 250mm. The first filter layer 201-1 and the third filter layer 201-2 are both made of polypropylene non-woven filter material, the support plate 203 is made of a polypropylene core plate cured in a W shape by thermal bonding, and the first drainage channel 201 is formed by covering the polypropylene core plate cured in a W shape by thermal bonding in the upper and lower directions with two layers of polypropylene non-woven filter material. The transverse skeleton 101 and the vertical skeleton 102 are both made of PET polyester yarn covered with a PE polyethylene shell, and the cross node where the transverse skeleton 101 and the vertical skeleton 102 are connected is ultrasonically welded, the width of the transverse skeleton 101 and the vertical skeleton 102 are both 30mm, the thickness is both 5mm, and the center distance between two adjacent transverse skeletons 101 and two adjacent vertical skeletons 102 is 250mm. The drainage channel 2 and the supporting frame 1 are overlapped and bonded with glue to form a shape, and the peel strength between the two is 1.0 KN / m.

[0046] Embodiment 3:

[0047] In this embodiment, the drainage channel 2 includes a first drainage channel 201 and a second drainage channel 202, and the first drainage channel 201 and the second drainage channel 202 have the same structure and material. The width of the first drainage channel 201 and the second drainage channel 202 are both 30 mm, the thickness is both 5 mm, and the center distance between two adjacent first drainage channels 201 and adjacent second drainage channels 202 is 250 mm. The first filter layer 201-1, the second filter layer 202-2, the third filter layer 201-2 and the fourth filter layer 202-2 are all made of polyester non-woven filter material, and the support plate 203 is made of a high-density polyethylene core plate with a three-dimensional composite shape. The first drainage channel 201 and the second drainage channel 202 are formed by covering the high-density polyethylene core plate with a three-dimensional composite shape by heat bonding in the upper and lower directions with two layers of polyester non-woven filter material. The transverse frame 101 and the vertical frame 102 are both made of stretched polypropylene strips, and the cross nodes where the transverse frame 101 and the vertical frame 102 are connected are ultrasonically welded. The width of the transverse frame 101 and the vertical frame 102 are both 30mm, the thickness is both 5mm, and the center distance between two adjacent transverse frames 101 and two adjacent vertical frames 102 is 250mm. The drainage channel 2 and the support frame 1 are overlapped and glued to form, and the peel strength between the two is 1.0KN / m.

[0048] Embodiment 4:

[0049] In this embodiment, the drainage channel 2 only includes the first drainage channel 201, the width of the first drainage channel 201 is 30mm, the thickness is 8mm, and the center distance between two adjacent first drainage channels 201 is 250mm. The first filter layer 201-1 and the third filter layer 201-2 are both made of polypropylene non-woven filter material, the support plate 203 is made of a high-density polyethylene core plate with a three-dimensional composite shape, and the first drainage channel 201 is formed by covering and bonding the high-density polyethylene core plate with a three-dimensional composite shape in the upper and lower directions of two layers of polypropylene non-woven filter material. The transverse skeleton 101 and the vertical skeleton 102 are both stretched by polypropylene strips, and the cross nodes where the transverse skeleton 101 and the vertical skeleton 102 are connected are formed by ultrasonic welding. The width of the transverse skeleton 101 and the vertical skeleton 102 are both 30mm, the thickness is 5mm, and the center distance between two adjacent transverse skeletons 101 and two adjacent vertical skeletons 102 is 250mm. The drainage channel 2 and the supporting frame 1 are overlapped and bonded with glue to form a shape, and the peel strength between the two is 1.0 KN / m.

[0050] Embodiment 5:

[0051] In this embodiment, the drainage channel 2 only includes the first drainage channel 201. The width of the first drainage channel 201 is 50 mm, the thickness is 8 mm, and the center distance between two adjacent first drainage channels 201 is 250 mm. The first filter layer 201-1 and the third filter layer 201-2 are both made of polypropylene non-woven filter material, and the support plate 203 is made of a high-density polyethylene core plate with a three-dimensional composite shape. The first drainage channel 201 is formed by covering and bonding a high-density polyethylene core plate with a three-dimensional composite shape in two layers of polypropylene non-woven filter material in the upper and lower directions. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the support frame 1 is made of metal mesh material, such as a grid-shaped or double-twisted hexagonal metal mesh. The drainage channel 2 and the support frame 1 are connected by physical bundling, and the peel strength between the two is 0.5 KN / m.

[0052] Comparative Example 1:

[0053] The concrete layer is sprayed directly on the structural excavation surface 3 , and no other structure is arranged between the structural excavation surface 3 and the sprayed concrete layer 4 .

[0054] The bonding strength between the structural excavation surface 3 and the shotcrete layer 4 in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was measured, and the measurement results are shown in the following table:

[0055]

[0056] It can be seen from the above table that the setting of the support frame and the drainage channel has little effect on the cross-sectional bond strength between the structural excavation surface and the shotcrete layer, and the bond strength meets the requirements of the specification.

[0057] The contents explained in the above embodiments should be understood as these embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the present invention, and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, various equivalent forms of modifications to the embodiments made by those skilled in the art fall within the scope defined by the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A sprayed concrete structure that facilitates drainage, comprising a sprayed concrete layer (4) covering an excavation surface (3) of the structure, characterized in that: A support frame (1) is provided between the shotcrete layer (4) and the structural excavation surface (3), and the support frame (1) is fixedly connected to the structural excavation surface (3); a drainage channel (2) is fixedly provided on the side of the support frame (1) close to the structural excavation surface (3), and a filter layer is provided on the side of the drainage channel (2) close to the structural excavation surface (3); water seepage from the slope of the structural excavation surface (3) is discharged to the bottom of the slope of the structural excavation surface (3) through the drainage channel (2).

2. The sprayed concrete structure that facilitates drainage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The support frame (1) comprises a plurality of transverse frames (101) and a plurality of vertical frames (102); the plurality of transverse frames (101) are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the structural excavation surface (3); the plurality of vertical frames (102) are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the structural excavation surface (3); and the plurality of transverse frames (101) and the plurality of vertical frames (102) are cross-connected to form a grid.

3. The sprayed concrete structure that facilitates drainage according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The drainage channel (2) comprises a plurality of first drainage channels (201), and a first filter layer (201-1) is provided on a side of the first drainage channel (201) close to the structural excavation surface (3); the plurality of first drainage channels (201) are respectively arranged on a plurality of vertical frames (102) along the length direction of the vertical frames (102), and the width of the first drainage channels (201) is less than or equal to the width of the vertical frames (102).

4. The sprayed concrete structure that facilitates drainage according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A second drainage channel (202) is fixedly provided on one side of the plurality of transverse frames (101) close to the structural excavation surface (3); the second drainage channel (202) is arranged along the length direction of the transverse frame (101), and the width of the second drainage channel (202) is less than or equal to the width of the transverse frame (101); a second filter layer (202-1) is provided on one side of the second drainage channel (202) close to the structural excavation surface (3); the second drainage channel (202) is connected to the first drainage channel (201) to form a grid shape.

5. The sprayed concrete structure that facilitates drainage according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The thickness of the first drainage channel (201) and the second drainage channel (202) are both 5 to 15 mm, and the width of the first drainage channel (201) and the second drainage channel (202) are both 10 to 50 mm.

6. The sprayed concrete structure that facilitates drainage according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A support plate (203) is provided in each of the first drainage channel (201) and the second drainage channel (202); the support plate (203) and the support frame (1) are both made of geopolymer material; both ends of the first drainage channel (201) and the second drainage channel (202) along the length direction are open structures.

7. The sprayed concrete structure that facilitates drainage according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A third inverting filter layer (201-2) is provided on the side of the first drainage channel (201) connected to the vertical frame (102), and a gap is provided between the third inverting filter layer (201-2) and the first inverting filter layer (201-1); a fourth inverting filter layer (202-2) is provided on the side of the second drainage channel (202) connected to the transverse frame (101), and a gap is provided between the fourth inverting filter layer (202-2) and the second inverting filter layer (202-1); the third inverting filter layer (201-2) and the vertical frame (102) as well as the fourth inverting filter layer (202-2) and the transverse frame (101) are both bonded and connected, and the peeling strength between the two is not less than 100N / m.

8. The sprayed concrete structure that facilitates drainage according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first filter layer (201-1), the second filter layer (202-1), the third filter layer (201-2) and the fourth filter layer (202-2) are all made of polypropylene non-woven fabric material, and the gram weight of the polypropylene non-woven fabric material per square meter is not less than 100 grams; the first filter layer (201-1) and the third filter layer (201-2) as well as the second filter layer (202-1) and the fourth filter layer (202-2) are respectively connected in one piece to form a whole.

9. The sprayed concrete structure that facilitates drainage according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that: The width of the transverse frame (101) and the vertical frame (102) are both 10 to 50 mm, the thickness of the transverse frame (101) and the vertical frame (102) are both 3 to 10 mm, and the center distance between adjacent transverse frames (101) and adjacent vertical frames (102) is both 150 to 350 mm.

10. A sprayed concrete construction method that is conducive to drainage, characterized in that: The sprayed concrete structure that facilitates drainage according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: S1. Clean the sprayed surface of the excavated surface (3) of the structure, remove loose and easily falling blocks, level the sprayed concrete, and fill the sprayed surface pits; prepare multiple support frames (1), and fix the drainage channel (2) on one side of the support frame (1); S2. The side of the support frame (1) provided with the drainage channel (2) is oriented toward the structural excavation surface (3), and the support frame (1) is arranged from top to bottom along the height direction of the structural excavation surface (3), and the support frame (1) is fixedly connected to the structural excavation surface (3), and it is ensured that the support frame (1) and the structural excavation surface (3) are in close contact; S3. Use spraying equipment to spray concrete material vertically to the excavation surface of the structure (3) from bottom to top layer by layer until the designed spraying thickness is reached; S4: The shotcrete is cured and formed, and the construction is completed.

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