Mining method for steeply inclined thick ore body

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mining methods, and particularly discloses a mining method for a steeply inclined thick ore body, which comprises the following steps: horizontally digging a middle-section loading and transporting transverse roadway at the bottom in a to-be-mined ore block from a middle-section haulage roadway outside a footwall vein of the ore body to the bottom of the to-be-mined ore block in a direction perpendicular to the trend of the ore body, and enabling the middle-section loading and transporting transverse roadway to penetrate through the whole ore body, connecting with an air return drift outside the hanging wall vein of the ore body; meanwhile, a pseudo-inclined undercutting connection way is excavated from the middle-section haulage roadway to the position about 6-8 m above the bottom of the ore block for connection, and then an undercutting transverse roadway is excavated from the pseudo-inclined undercutting connection way and the boundary of the footwall of the ore body in the direction perpendicular to the trend of the ore body until the undercutting transverse roadway reaches the boundary of the footwall of the ore body; during caving mining, the mode that the ore blocks in the same middle section are mined one by one at intervals and the mode that the large-diameter deep holes are filled in the ore blocks are adopted, the ore mining safety is high, and dilution is low. And the large-diameter deep hole caving mining efficiency is high, the productivity is large, and large-scale productivity mining can be achieved through a small number of ore blocks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining methods, in particular to a mining method for steeply inclined thick ore bodies. Background Art

[0002] At present, there are two mainstream mining methods when mining steeply inclined thick ore bodies. One is to use caving mining to meet the needs of efficient mining and large production capacity of mineral resources; the other is to use backfill mining to meet the safety and environmental protection requirements of mineral resource mining. When using caving mining, the safety is poor and the resource recovery rate is low; while when using backfill mining, there are problems such as slow mining speed and low production capacity. Therefore, when mining steeply inclined thick ore bodies, simply using caving or backfilling is not a particularly ideal mining method. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a mining method for steeply inclined thick ore bodies, which solves the problems of slow mining speed and low production capacity when simply using the caving method or the filling method when mining steeply inclined thick ore bodies in the prior art.

[0004] An efficient mining method combining large-diameter deep hole caving and filling for steeply inclined thick ore bodies, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1: At the bottom of the ore block to be mined, a middle section shipping tunnel is excavated horizontally from the middle section transport tunnel outside the lower wall vein of the ore body to the bottom of the ore block perpendicular to the ore body direction. The middle section shipping tunnel runs through the entire ore body and connects with the return air tunnel outside the upper wall vein of the ore body; at the same time, a pseudo-inclined bottom pulling connecting road is excavated from the middle section transport tunnel to about 6 to 8 meters above the bottom of the ore block for connection, and then a bottom pulling cross tunnel is excavated from the pseudo-inclined bottom pulling connecting road to the boundary of the lower wall of the ore body perpendicular to the ore body direction, and the bottom pulling cross tunnel ends at the boundary of the upper wall of the ore body.

[0006] S2: A V-shaped trench with a height of about 7m is excavated upward from each bottom cross tunnel to serve as the receiving space for future caving mining. At the same time, a cutting access road is excavated horizontally along the direction of the ore body to both sides from the middle section of the previous loading cross tunnel that has not yet been filled.

[0007] S3: In the cut-top space formed by blasting the middle section loading tunnel and the cut-top approach of the previous middle section, a large-diameter deep hole is drilled vertically downward. The bottom of the hole needs to be about 0.5m away from the top surface of the V-shaped trench, or it can be drilled directly through to the V-shaped trench and then blocked in reverse with a plugger to ensure that the explosive rolls can be placed in the large-diameter deep hole and fixed roll by roll.

[0008] S4: In the middle section loading and transporting cross tunnel of the ore body to be mined, pseudo-inclined upward loading approaches are drilled on both sides every 12 to 15 meters. The pseudo-inclined upward loading approaches connect the middle section loading and transporting cross tunnel and the bottom cross tunnel.

[0009] S5: Explosive coils are loaded into large-diameter deep-hole blastholes and detonated layer by layer from bottom to top to collapse the ore. After collapse, the ore falls to the bottom of the V-shaped trench. The shovel-loading equipment enters the middle-section transport horizontal tunnel through the middle-section transport horizontal tunnel, and then enters the bottom horizontal tunnel at the bottom of the V-shaped trench through the pseudo-inclined upward loading access road to load and transport the ore to the middle-section transport horizontal tunnel, and then the ore transporting equipment in the middle-section transport horizontal tunnel transports it to the surface.

[0010] S6: Fill the slurry from the middle section loading tunnel of the previous middle section into the empty area where the ore block in this middle section has been mined and collapsed, starting from the V-shaped trench to the top of the cut-off space of the previous middle section.

[0011] Further: the ore body from the middle section loading tunnel at the bottom of this ore block to the bottom of the V-shaped trench is used as a protective isolation pillar when the next middle section ore block is mined. When the next middle section mining is set up for the top cutting project, blasting mining is carried out.

[0012] Further: fresh air enters the middle section loading horizontal tunnel from the middle section transport tunnel of the lower plate to wash the working surface, then enters the return air connection tunnel from the upper plate return air tunnel, and then enters the dedicated return air shaft;

[0013] Or fresh air enters the pull bottom horizontal tunnel from the middle section of the lower plate through the pseudo-inclined pull bottom connecting road, washes the working face, and then enters the middle section loading horizontal tunnel from the pseudo-inclined upward loading road of the upper plate of the ore body, and then enters the return air connecting tunnel through the upper plate return air horizontal tunnel, and then enters the special return air shaft.

[0014] Further:

[0015] The step S1 comprises:

[0016] S1-1: There are generally two parallel bottom tunnels in the ore block, located on both sides of the middle loading tunnel, and the distance between the bottom tunnels is about 15m.

[0017] Further:

[0018] The step S2 comprises:

[0019] S2-2: The interval between the top cutting approaches is about 10 to 12 meters. Fan-shaped holes are drilled from the top cutting approaches to the surrounding ore rock mass, and the top cutting space is formed after blasting. The top cutting space is about 8 meters high.

[0020] Further:

[0021] The step S5 comprises:

[0022] S5-1: When mining in large-diameter deep holes, blasting can be carried out in layers according to the ore-discharging capacity at the bottom of the V-shaped trench. The layer height is controlled by the number of explosive rolls detonated at one time.

[0023] Further:

[0024] The step S6 comprises:

[0025] S6-1: In order to prevent the filling slurry from flowing out, a filling retaining wall is built in the bottom cross tunnel of the V-shaped trench before filling, or ore is left in the bottom cross tunnel to serve as a plug.

[0026] Further:

[0027] The fresh air is introduced from the outside through the fan, and the wind direction and air volume are controlled by the air door to ensure that the fresh air effectively enters the mine.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. The present invention adopts the method of mining one block at a time in the same middle section and charging in large-diameter deep holes in the ore blocks during caving mining, which has high safety in ore mining and low dilution. In addition, the large-diameter deep hole caving mining has high efficiency and large production capacity, and can achieve large-scale production capacity mining with a small number of ore blocks.

[0030] 2. After the caving mining is completed, this mining method uses a fixed filling pipeline from the middle section of the previous middle section to load the cross tunnel into the large void area formed by the caving mining, which makes the filling more efficient.

[0031] 3. The middle section loading and transporting lane of this mining method can be used as the mining project of the middle section ore block, and can also be used as the top cutting project for the next middle section mining; and the use of pseudo-inclined bottom pulling connecting road and pseudo-inclined upward loading access not only shortens the mining and cutting project volume, but also cleverly realizes ore loading in a narrow space. The mining and cutting project design is ingenious and reasonable, which can realize multiple functions and uses of a single project, saving the mining and cutting project volume during ore block mining. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute improper limitations on the present application.

[0033] In the attached picture:

[0034] Figure 1 It is a three-view drawing of the mining process of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 It is a front view and a top view showing a mineral block in the same middle section of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 3 It is a front view and a top view of a schematic diagram of mining steps in a ore block according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 4It is a front view and a top view of a schematic diagram of a top cutting project of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] In the figure: 1. Middle section transport horizontal tunnel, 2. Middle section loading horizontal tunnel, 3. Pseudo-inclined bottom pulling connecting road, 4. Bottom pulling horizontal tunnel, 5. V-shaped trench, 6. Pseudo-inclined upward loading access road, 7. Cut-top space, 8. Return air horizontal tunnel, 9. Return air connecting tunnel, 10. Special return air shaft, 11. Cut-top access road. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will disclose multiple embodiments of the present invention with diagrams. For the purpose of clear description, many physical details will be described together in the following description. However, it should be understood that these physical details should not be used to limit the present invention. In other words, in some embodiments of the present invention, these physical details are not necessary. In addition, for the purpose of simplifying the diagram, some conventional structures and components will be depicted in a simple schematic manner in the diagram.

[0040] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in the field can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0041] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 This embodiment adopts a high-efficiency mining method combining large-diameter deep hole caving and filling for steeply inclined thick ore bodies. This method divides the steeply inclined thick ore body to be mined into several middle sections from top to bottom. The vertical height of the middle section is 60-100m, and there is no segmentation in the middle section. The middle section is divided into thick ore blocks every 30-40m along the direction of the ore body. The thickness of the ore block is the thickness of the ore body, and the plane direction of the ore body is perpendicular to the direction of the ore body. In order to ensure the safety of ore body mining, the middle sections are mined from top to bottom. The ore blocks in the middle section are mined one by one, and the upper part is supported by unmined blocks to ensure the safety of mining operations.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The mining method of this embodiment mainly includes the following steps:

[0043] S1: At the bottom of the ore block to be mined, a middle section shipping horizontal tunnel 2 is excavated horizontally from the middle section transport tunnel 1 outside the lower wall vein of the ore body to the bottom of the ore block to be mined perpendicular to the ore body direction. The middle section shipping horizontal tunnel 2 runs through the entire ore body and connects with the return air tunnel 8 outside the upper wall vein of the ore body; and at the same time, a pseudo-inclined bottom pulling connecting road 3 is excavated from the middle section transport tunnel 1 to about 6 to 8 meters above the bottom of the ore block for connection, and then a bottom pulling horizontal tunnel 4 is excavated perpendicular to the ore body direction at the boundary of the lower wall of the ore body from the pseudo-inclined bottom pulling connecting road 3, and the bottom pulling horizontal tunnel 4 ends at the boundary of the upper wall of the ore body.

[0044] S2: A V-shaped trench 5 is excavated upward from each bottom cross tunnel 4. The trench height is about 7m, which serves as the receiving space for future caving mining. At the same time, a top cutting access 11 is excavated horizontally along the direction of the ore body to both sides from the middle section loading cross tunnel 2 that has not yet been filled.

[0045] S3: The cut-top space 7 formed by the blasting of the middle section loading tunnel 2 and the cut-top approach 11 of the previous middle section is drilled vertically downward with a large diameter deep hole. The bottom of the hole needs to be about 0.5m away from the top surface of the V-shaped trench 5, or it can be drilled directly through to the V-shaped trench 5 and then blocked in reverse with a plugger to ensure that the explosive rolls can be placed in the large diameter deep hole and fixed roll by roll.

[0046] S4: In the middle section loading and transporting horizontal tunnel 2 of the ore body to be mined, pseudo-inclined upward loading access roads 6 are drilled obliquely upward on both sides every approximately 12 to 15 meters. The pseudo-inclined upward loading access roads 6 connect the middle section loading and transporting horizontal tunnel 2 and the bottom loading horizontal tunnel 4.

[0047] S5: Explosive coils are loaded into large-diameter deep-hole blastholes and detonated layer by layer from bottom to top to collapse the ore. After collapse, the ore falls to the bottom of the V-shaped trench 5. The shovel loading equipment enters the middle-section transport horizontal tunnel 2 through the middle-section transport horizontal tunnel 1, and then enters the bottom horizontal tunnel 4 at the bottom of the V-shaped trench 5 through the pseudo-inclined upward loading access road 6 to load the ore and transport it to the middle-section transport horizontal tunnel 1, and then it is transported to the surface by the ore transporting equipment in the middle-section transport horizontal tunnel 1.

[0048] S6: Fill slurry from the middle section loading tunnel 2 of the previous middle section into the empty area where the ore block in this middle section has been mined, starting from the V-shaped trench 5 to the top of the cut-top space 7 of the previous middle section.

[0049] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The ore body from the middle section loading tunnel 2 to the bottom of the V-shaped trench 5 at the bottom of this ore block is used as a protective isolation pillar for the next middle section ore block mining. When the next middle section mining is set up for the top cutting project, blasting mining is carried out.

[0050] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4In this mining method, fresh air enters the middle section loading tunnel 2 from the middle section transport tunnel 1 of the lower plate to wash the working face, and then enters the return air connection tunnel 9 from the upper plate return air tunnel 8, and then enters the special return air shaft 10;

[0051] Or fresh air enters the bottom horizontal tunnel 4 from the middle transport tunnel 1 of the lower plate through the pseudo-inclined bottom connecting road 3, and after washing the working face, it enters the middle loading horizontal tunnel 2 from the pseudo-inclined upward loading road 6 of the upper plate of the ore body, and then enters the return air connecting tunnel 9 through the upper plate return air tunnel 8, and then enters the special return air shaft 10.

[0052] Embodiment 2:

[0053] Step S1 includes:

[0054] S1-1: There are generally two parallel bottom tunnels 4 in the ore block, located on both sides of the middle loading tunnel 2, and the distance between the bottom tunnels 4 is about 15m.

[0055] Embodiment 3:

[0056] Step S2 includes:

[0057] S2-2: The top cutting access 11 is spaced about 10 to 12 meters apart. Fan-shaped holes are drilled from the top cutting access 11 to the surrounding ore rock mass, and a top cutting space 7 is formed after blasting. The top cutting space 7 is about 8 meters high.

[0058] Embodiment 4:

[0059] Step S5 includes:

[0060] S5-1: When ore is dropped from a large-diameter deep hole, blasting can be carried out in layers according to the ore discharge capacity at the bottom of the V-shaped trench 5, and the layer height is controlled by the number of sections of explosive rolls detonated at one time.

[0061] Embodiment 5:

[0062] Step S6 includes:

[0063] S6-1: In order to prevent the filling slurry from flowing out, a filling retaining wall is built in the bottom cross tunnel 4 at the bottom of the V-shaped trench 5 before filling, or ore is left in the bottom cross tunnel 4 to serve as a plug.

[0064] In this embodiment, if a masonry filling retaining wall is selected, a double-layer structure is generally preferred, and the material for the masonry filling retaining wall is ordinary construction bricks;

[0065] Embodiment 6:

[0066] Fresh air is introduced from the outside through the fan, and the air flow direction and air volume are controlled by the air gate to ensure that the fresh air enters the mine effectively.

[0067] This mining method divides the steeply inclined, thick and large ore body to be mined into several middle sections from top to bottom. The vertical height of the middle section is 60-100m, and there is no subsection within the middle section.

[0068] The middle section is divided into thick ore blocks every 30-40m along the ore body direction. The thickness of the ore blocks is the thickness of the ore body, and the plane direction of the ore body is perpendicular to the direction of the ore body.

[0069] In order to ensure the safety of mining, the middle section is mined from top to bottom, and the ore blocks in the middle section are mined one by one, with unmined blocks supporting the upper part to ensure the safety of mining operations.

[0070] The present invention aims at the problem that when mining steeply inclined thick ore bodies by traditional mining methods, although the caving method can achieve high-capacity and efficient mining, the operation safety is poor and the resource recovery rate is low; and when the filling method is used for mining, although the safety and resource recovery rate are improved, the mining efficiency is low and high-capacity mining cannot be achieved. The large-diameter deep hole caving and the filling method are closely combined to achieve efficient and safe mining and high-capacity mining. And through the clever setting of alternate mining and pseudo-inclined bottom connecting roads and pseudo-inclined upward loading routes, multiple functions of a single project are realized, and the mining and cutting engineering volume is effectively saved. It is an efficient, safe and economical high-capacity mining method.

[0071] The present invention can solve the problem that the traditional mining method cannot mine the steeply inclined thick ore body efficiently and safely at the same time. Through the efficient combination of large-diameter deep hole caving method and filling method, as well as the ingenious design of mining and cutting engineering, the safe, efficient, economical and large-scale recovery of steeply inclined thick ore body is achieved.

[0072] The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient mining method combining large-diameter deep hole caving and filling for steeply inclined thick ore bodies, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: At the bottom of the ore block to be mined, a middle section shipping tunnel is excavated horizontally from the middle section transport tunnel outside the lower wall vein of the ore body to the bottom of the ore block perpendicular to the ore body direction. The middle section shipping tunnel runs through the entire ore body and connects with the return air tunnel outside the upper wall vein of the ore body; at the same time, a pseudo-inclined bottom pulling connecting road is excavated from the middle section transport tunnel to about 6 to 8 meters above the bottom of the ore block for connection, and then a bottom pulling cross tunnel is excavated from the pseudo-inclined bottom pulling connecting road to the boundary of the lower wall of the ore body perpendicular to the ore body direction, and the bottom pulling cross tunnel ends at the boundary of the upper wall of the ore body. S2: A V-shaped trench with a height of about 7m is excavated upward from each bottom cross tunnel to serve as the receiving space for future caving mining. At the same time, a cutting access road is excavated horizontally along the direction of the ore body to both sides from the middle section of the previous loading cross tunnel that has not yet been filled. S3: In the cut-top space formed by blasting the middle section loading tunnel and the cut-top approach of the previous middle section, a large-diameter deep hole is drilled vertically downward. The bottom of the hole needs to be about 0.5m away from the top surface of the V-shaped trench, or it can be drilled directly through to the V-shaped trench and then blocked in reverse with a plugger to ensure that the explosive rolls can be placed in the large-diameter deep hole and fixed roll by roll. S4: In the middle section loading and transporting cross tunnel of the ore body to be mined, pseudo-inclined upward loading approaches are drilled on both sides every 12 to 15 meters. The pseudo-inclined upward loading approaches connect the middle section loading and transporting cross tunnel and the bottom cross tunnel. S5: Explosive coils are loaded into large-diameter deep-hole blastholes and detonated layer by layer from bottom to top to collapse the ore. After collapse, the ore falls to the bottom of the V-shaped trench. The shovel-loading equipment enters the middle-section transport horizontal tunnel through the middle-section transport horizontal tunnel, and then enters the bottom horizontal tunnel at the bottom of the V-shaped trench through the pseudo-inclined upward loading access road to load and transport the ore to the middle-section transport horizontal tunnel, and then the ore transporting equipment in the middle-section transport horizontal tunnel transports it to the surface. S6: Fill the slurry from the middle section loading tunnel of the previous middle section into the empty area where the ore block in this middle section has been mined and collapsed, starting from the V-shaped trench to the top of the cut-off space of the previous middle section.

2. A high-efficiency mining method for steeply inclined thick ore bodies by combining large-diameter deep hole caving and filling as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The ore body from the middle section loading tunnel at the bottom of this ore block to the bottom of the V-shaped trench will serve as a protective isolation pillar for the next middle section ore block mining. When the next middle section mining is set up for the top cutting project, blasting mining will be carried out.

3. The high-efficiency mining method of a steeply inclined thick ore body by combining large-diameter deep hole caving and filling as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Fresh air enters the middle section loading horizontal tunnel from the middle section transport tunnel of the lower plate to wash the working surface, then enters the return air connection tunnel from the upper plate return air tunnel, and then enters the dedicated return air shaft; Or fresh air enters the pull bottom horizontal tunnel from the middle section of the lower plate through the pseudo-inclined pull bottom connecting road, washes the working face, and then enters the middle section loading horizontal tunnel from the pseudo-inclined upward loading road of the upper plate of the ore body, and then enters the return air connecting tunnel through the upper plate return air horizontal tunnel, and then enters the special return air shaft.

4. The high-efficiency mining method of a steeply inclined thick ore body by combining large-diameter deep hole caving and filling as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 comprises: S1-1: There are generally two parallel bottom tunnels in the ore block, located on both sides of the middle loading tunnel, and the distance between the bottom tunnels is about 15m.

5. The high-efficiency mining method of large-diameter deep hole caving and filling combined with steeply inclined thick ore bodies as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step S2 comprises: S2-2: The interval between the top cutting approaches is about 10 to 12 meters. Fan-shaped holes are drilled from the top cutting approaches to the surrounding ore rock mass, and the top cutting space is formed after blasting. The top cutting space is about 8 meters high.

6. The high-efficiency mining method of a steeply inclined thick ore body by combining large-diameter deep hole caving and filling as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step S5 comprises: S5-1: When mining in large-diameter deep holes, blasting can be carried out in layers according to the ore-discharging capacity at the bottom of the V-shaped trench. The layer height is controlled by the number of explosive rolls detonated at one time.

7. A high-efficiency mining method for steeply inclined thick ore bodies by combining large-diameter deep hole caving and filling as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The step S6 comprises: S6-1: In order to prevent the filling slurry from flowing out, a filling retaining wall is built in the bottom cross tunnel of the V-shaped trench before filling, or ore is left in the bottom cross tunnel to serve as a plug.

8. The high-efficiency mining method of a steeply inclined thick ore body by combining large-diameter deep hole caving and filling as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The fresh air is introduced from the outside through the fan, and the wind direction and air volume are controlled by the air door to ensure that the fresh air effectively enters the mine.

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