Staged anchor cable advance support method based on online monitoring

Abstract

The invention discloses a staged anchor cable forepoling method based on online monitoring. The staged anchor cable forepoling method comprises the following steps that P1, an underground forepoling monitoring scheme is formulated; p2, installing a forepoling effect monitoring system in the underground roadway; step P3, receiving a force signal and a displacement signal acquired by the underground advanced support effect monitoring system and performing signal analysis by the aboveground monitoring and analysis early warning system; and step P4, the monitoring and analysis early warning system automatically generates a report, if the report exceeds an early warning value, early warning information is issued, and a support designer is reminded to replace the support scheme. The mine production cost can be reduced, excessive investment of traditional one-time supporting is avoided through staged anchor cable advance supporting, accurate supporting is achieved according to requirements of different stages, waste of materials and equipment is reduced, and the supporting cost is reduced. Potential problems can be found and handled in time, maintenance and production halt loss caused by accidents are reduced, and the overall production cost of mining engineering is reduced from the long term.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, and in particular to a staged anchor cable advance support method based on online monitoring. Background Art

[0002] As the production mode of coal mining working face gradually develops from comprehensive mechanization to automation and intelligence, the disadvantages of advanced support forms such as single hydraulic prop support or existing advanced support group support still used in many mines are gradually emerging. Among them, the support technology of single hydraulic prop combined with hinged top beam has been widely used due to its convenience, flexibility and good effect. However, in actual application, the disadvantages of low support strength, high labor intensity of workers, slow support operation speed and lack of effective support safety have gradually become prominent;

[0003] In recent years, the strength and stiffness of support materials have gradually increased, and they can provide higher preload force, which has improved the control effect of tunnel surrounding rock, but it also has its shortcomings.

[0004] On the one hand, traditional anchor cable support lacks effective online monitoring methods. During the mining process, the stress of the surrounding rock is constantly changing, especially in key stages such as tunnel excavation and stope recovery. It is impossible to accurately grasp the stress state of the anchor cable and the deformation of the surrounding rock. This makes it difficult for engineering and technical personnel to evaluate the support effect in real time and to detect potential safety hazards in a timely manner. For example, in deep mining, if the excessive stress on the anchor cable or abnormal deformation of the surrounding rock is not detected in time, it may cause accidents such as roof collapse and rock spalling, which seriously threaten the lives of miners and the normal production of the mine.

[0005] On the other hand, the existing anchor cable support usually adopts a single, one-time construction method, which is difficult to meet the needs of phased construction of mining projects. At different stages of excavation, the stress state and deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock are different, and the required support strength is different. The traditional support method cannot be adjusted and optimized according to the specific conditions of each stage, which is not conducive to improving the efficiency of the mine. Summary of the invention

[0006] Purpose of the invention: In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a phased anchor advance support method based on online monitoring, so as to improve the stability, reliability, safety, efficiency and intelligence level of mining engineering, and ensure the safe production and sustainable development of mines.

[0007] Technical solution: A phased anchor cable advance support method based on online monitoring, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step P1: Formulate an underground advanced support monitoring plan;

[0009] Step P2: Installing an advanced support effect monitoring system in the underground tunnel;

[0010] Step P3: The on-site monitoring and analysis warning system receives the force signal and displacement signal collected by the underground advanced support effect monitoring system and performs signal analysis;

[0011] Step P4: The monitoring and analysis warning system automatically generates reports. If the warning value is exceeded, a warning message is issued to remind the support design personnel to change the support plan.

[0012] Furthermore, in step P1, the customization of the advanced support monitoring scheme includes the following steps:

[0013] Step P101: Select the tunnel in the mine that needs to be monitored for advanced support effect;

[0014] Step P102: Determine the location of the tunnel advance support effect monitoring area and the number of monitoring points.

[0015] Furthermore, in step P2, the advanced support effect monitoring system includes a plurality of fixed connection parts, force monitoring parts and separation monitoring parts which are arranged in sequence, a threaded hole is opened in the fixed connection part, the outer end of the anchor cable extends into and is threadedly connected in the threaded hole of the fixed connection part, the force monitoring part has a built-in force sensor; the separation monitoring part has a built-in displacement sensor and is connected in parallel with the force monitoring part through a communication cable, the force sensor and the displacement sensor are connected to the monitoring substation underground through the communication and power supply cable, and the monitoring substation is connected to the monitoring and analysis system above the well through the communication cable.

[0016] Preferably, in step P2, installing the advanced support effect monitoring system includes the following steps:

[0017] Step P201: Select multiple roof anchor cables with support quality that meet the requirements in the monitoring area. If the number of existing roof anchor cables that meet the requirements is less than the required number, re-install the anchor cables and install the force sensors on the anchor cables. At the same time, select the roof holes that have not collapsed and install the displacement sensors there.

[0018] Step P202: Use communication and power supply cables to connect the advance support effect monitoring system to the monitoring substation.

[0019] Optimally, the monitoring substation is an underground monitoring substation utilizing a conventional KJ214 or KJ216 roof online monitoring system.

[0020] Optimally, the advance support effect monitoring system is installed at the exposed end of the anchor cable at the flat position of the tunnel roof. The advance support effect monitoring system is not interfered by other electronic devices and objects that may have a contact effect on the device.

[0021] Furthermore, in step P3, signal acquisition and analysis includes the following steps:

[0022] Step P301: Collect the anchor force signal and roof separation displacement signal that have been cleaned in advance, and use big data for training, so as to improve the system's recognition efficiency of effective signals and avoid the influence of other messy factors in the well;

[0023] Step P302: The force signal and displacement signal collected in real time by the underground advance support effect monitoring system are collected at the monitoring substation, and then transmitted to the monitoring and analysis and early warning system through the monitoring substation. The monitoring and analysis and early warning system performs feature analysis on the signal, automatically identifies the effective signal, and records key feature parameters, including the occurrence time, maximum value, and duration of the anchor force and roof displacement.

[0024] 8. The method for phased anchor cable advance support based on online monitoring according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in step P4, monitoring and analyzing the early warning of the early warning system comprises the following steps:

[0025] Step P401: According to the actual situation of the tunnel, theoretical calculation is adopted to design support schemes at different stages, and corresponding anchor force warning values ​​and roof displacement warning values ​​are set;

[0026] Step P402: The system automatically analyzes and if the anchor cable stress or roof displacement reaches the warning value, the system automatically issues a warning message, and the support design personnel promptly strengthen the support of the area and change the support plan for the next stage accordingly.

[0027] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0028] 1) The present invention can improve mining safety. By online monitoring of the stress state of the anchor cable and the deformation of the surrounding rock, potential safety hazards such as loose anchor cable and surrounding rock cracking can be discovered in time, and corresponding measures can be taken to effectively prevent accidents such as roof collapse and rock spalling, thereby ensuring the safety of miners. The phased anchor cable advance support adjusts the support strategy according to the needs of different mining stages, ensuring stable support effects at each key link and enhancing the stability of the tunnel and the mining site.

[0029] 2) The present invention can optimize mining efficiency, and online monitoring provides real-time data for engineering and technical personnel, enabling them to accurately evaluate the support effect, avoid blind construction or excessive support, save time and resources, and improve the continuity and efficiency of mining operations. Phased support can reasonably arrange support work according to the mining progress, reduce unnecessary downtime and waiting, and improve mining efficiency. This method helps to realize intelligent mining, automatically adjust support parameters, adapt to different mining conditions, reduce manual intervention costs and errors, and improve the intelligence level of mining engineering.

[0030] 3) The present invention can reduce the production cost of the mine, avoid the excessive investment of traditional one-time support by using advanced anchor support in stages, provide accurate support according to the needs of different stages, reduce the waste of materials and equipment, and reduce the support cost. It can timely discover and deal with potential problems, reduce the losses caused by maintenance and production suspension due to accidents, and reduce the overall production cost of mining projects in the long run.

[0031] 4) The present invention can promote technological progress, provide innovative support methods for mining projects, fill the deficiencies of traditional support technologies in online monitoring and phased construction, and promote the continuous development and improvement of mining technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the online monitoring system for the effect of advanced support in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 is a line graph of monitoring and analysis results of the advance support effect in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the anchor cable reinforcement advance support in the first stage of the 131104 belt drift;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the second stage of enhanced advance support for the 131104 belt drift;

[0036] Figure 5 This is the tunnel support effect diagram after changing the support scheme. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0038] A phased anchor cable advance support method based on online monitoring comprises the following steps:

[0039] Step P1: Develop an underground advanced support monitoring plan. This includes the following two steps:

[0040] Step P101: The 131104 belt drift in a certain mine is an under-exploration tunnel. The area 0 to 100 meters behind the head of the tunnel excavation is an area where the mine pressure is more intense. The support is difficult and the effect of the advance support needs to be monitored.

[0041] Step P102: According to the actual situation, arrange a monitoring point at 20m, 50m and 80m behind the head of the 131104 belt chute.

[0042] Step P2: Install the advanced support effect monitoring system 1 in the underground tunnel, such as Figure 1As shown, the advanced support effect monitoring system 1 comprises a fixed connection part 6, a force monitoring part 2, and a separation layer monitoring part 4. The force monitoring part 2 and the separation layer monitoring part 4 are connected in parallel by a communication power supply cable. The force monitoring part 2 and the separation layer monitoring part 4 have a force sensor 3 and a displacement sensor 5 inside, respectively, which are acquisition function devices for monitoring the underground advanced support effect.

[0043] The installation of the advanced support effect monitoring system 1 includes the following steps:

[0044] Step P201: Select the top plate anchor cable 9 with good support quality in the monitoring area, where the anchor cable 9 is effectively supported by the anchor cable tray 8 and the anchor cable nut 7, and the threaded hole of the fixed connection part 6 at the top of the advanced support effect monitoring system 1 is fixed together with the exposed end of the anchor cable 9 by threaded connection. At the same time, select the top plate drilling hole that has not collapsed, install the separation layer monitoring base point 10 to the corresponding position of the top plate, spin the separation layer monitoring part 4 against the top plate using the fixed connection part 6, fix the separation layer monitoring part 4, and use the communication power supply cable to connect the force monitoring part 2 in parallel with the separation layer monitoring part 4;

[0045] Step P202: Use the communication and power supply cable 11 to connect the force sensor 3 and the displacement sensor 5 of the advanced support effect monitoring system 1 to the monitoring substation 12. The monitoring substation 12 can transmit the support effect information to the monitoring and analysis and early warning system 14 on the well in real time through the communication cable 13. The monitoring substation can use the conventional KJ214 roof online monitoring system to reduce the monitoring cost.

[0046] Step P3: The on-site monitoring and analysis warning system receives the force signal and displacement signal collected by the underground advanced support effect monitoring system and performs signal analysis, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0047] Step P301: Collect a large number of anchor force signals and roof separation displacement signals that have been cleaned in advance, and the monitoring and analysis early warning system 14 uses big data for training to improve the system's recognition efficiency of effective signals and avoid the influence of other messy factors underground;

[0048] Step P302: The force signal and displacement signal collected in real time by the underground advance support effect monitoring system 1 are collected at the monitoring substation 12, and then transmitted to the monitoring and analysis and early warning system 14 through the monitoring substation 12. The monitoring and analysis and early warning system 14 performs characteristic analysis on the signal, automatically identifies the effective signal, and records the key characteristic parameters such as the occurrence time, maximum value, and duration of the anchor cable force and top plate displacement.

[0049] Step P4: The monitoring and analysis warning system 14 automatically generates reports and automatically issues warning information when the warning value is exceeded, including:

[0050] Step P401: Based on the actual situation of the 131104 tunnel, theoretical calculation is used to design the first-stage support plan, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 3 , and set the corresponding anchor cable force warning value (160kN) and top plate displacement warning value (50mm);

[0051] Step P402: The system automatically analyzes and generates a report, as shown in the attached Figure 2 The daily curve of anchor cable stress and roof displacement shows that on March 6, the anchor cable stress reached the warning value. The system automatically issued a warning message, and the support design personnel promptly strengthened the support of the area and replaced the support plan for the next stage accordingly. Figure 4 Second stage support diagram.

[0052] According to on-site observations, Figure 5 The maximum movement of the two sides is reduced from 48mm in the original support scheme to 42mm in the anchor cable reinforced support; the relative movement of the top and bottom plates is reduced from 39mm in the original support scheme to 35mm in the anchor cable reinforced support. This significantly improves the control effect of tunnel surrounding rock deformation, improves safety production efficiency and reduces workers' labor intensity.

Claims

1. A phased anchor cable advance support method based on online monitoring, characterized in that The following steps are involved: Step P1: Formulate an underground advanced support monitoring plan; Step P2: Installing an advanced support effect monitoring system in the underground tunnel; Step P3: The on-site monitoring and analysis warning system receives the force signal and displacement signal collected by the underground advanced support effect monitoring system and performs signal analysis; Step P4: The monitoring and analysis warning system automatically generates reports. If the warning value is exceeded, a warning message is issued to remind the support design personnel to change the support plan.

2. The method for phased anchor cable advance support based on online monitoring according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step P1, the customization of the advanced support monitoring plan includes the following steps: Step P101: Select the tunnel in the mine that needs to be monitored for the effect of advanced support; Step P102: Determine the location of the tunnel advance support effect monitoring area and the number of monitoring points.

3. The method for phased anchor cable advance support based on online monitoring according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step P2, the advanced support effect monitoring system includes a plurality of fixed connection parts, force monitoring parts and separation monitoring parts which are arranged in sequence. A threaded hole is opened in the fixed connection part, and the outer end of the anchor cable extends into and is threadedly connected to the threaded hole of the fixed connection part. The force monitoring part has a built-in force sensor; the separation monitoring part has a built-in displacement sensor and is connected in parallel with the force monitoring part through a communication cable. Both the force sensor and the displacement sensor are connected to the monitoring substation underground through the communication and power supply cable, and the monitoring substation is connected to the monitoring and analysis system above the well through the communication cable.

4. The method for phased anchor cable advance support based on online monitoring according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In step P2, installing the advanced support effect monitoring system includes the following steps: Step P201: Select multiple roof anchor cables with support quality that meet the requirements in the monitoring area. If the number of existing roof anchor cables that meet the requirements is less than the required number, re-install the anchor cables and install the force sensors on the anchor cables. At the same time, select the roof holes that have not collapsed and install the displacement sensors there. Step P202: Use communication and power supply cables to connect the advance support effect monitoring system to the monitoring substation.

5. The method for phased anchor cable advance support based on online monitoring according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The monitoring substation is an underground monitoring substation that utilizes the conventional KJ214 or KJ216 roof online monitoring system.

6. A phased anchor cable advance support method based on online monitoring according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The advanced support effect monitoring system is installed at the exposed end of the anchor cable at the flat position of the tunnel roof.

7. The method for phased anchor cable advance support based on online monitoring according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step P3, signal acquisition and analysis includes the following steps: Step P301: collecting the anchor cable force signal and the top plate separation displacement signal after data cleaning in advance, and using big data for training; Step P302: The force signal and displacement signal collected in real time by the underground advance support effect monitoring system are collected at the monitoring substation, and then transmitted to the monitoring and analysis and early warning system through the monitoring substation. The monitoring and analysis and early warning system performs feature analysis on the signal, automatically identifies the effective signal, and records key feature parameters, including the occurrence time, maximum value, and duration of the anchor force and roof displacement.

8. The method for phased anchor cable advance support based on online monitoring according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step P4, monitoring and analyzing the warnings of the early warning system includes the following steps: Step P401: According to the actual situation of the tunnel, theoretical calculation is adopted to design support schemes at different stages, and corresponding anchor force warning values ​​and roof displacement warning values ​​are set; Step P402: The system automatically analyzes and if the anchor cable stress or roof displacement reaches the warning value, the system automatically issues a warning message, and the support design personnel promptly strengthen the support of the area and change the support plan for the next stage accordingly.

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