Method for testing and evaluating thermal comfort of automobile using air-conditioning dummy in extreme environment

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for testing and evaluating the thermal comfort of an automobile using an air-conditioning dummy in an extreme environment. In the testing method, the air-conditioning dummy and a thermocouple installed on a seat are used for testing; thermocouples are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the hip position of the seat, and thermocouples are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the backrest 15cm and 30cm away from the seat; the testing method comprises the steps of refrigeration, heating and extreme sudden change environment testing. The evaluation method is applied to the test method and comprises test effectiveness judgment and scoring rules. If the difference between the subjective evaluation score of the driver and the final score of the air conditioner dummy is less than 30%, the test is considered to be successful, and if the overall scores of the driver and the air conditioner dummy exceed 30%, the test needs to be carried out again; according to the scoring rule, the ratio of the air conditioner dummy to the thermocouple to the subjective evaluation is 5: 2: 3. According to the method for testing and evaluating the intelligent air conditioner, the intelligent air conditioner can be tested and evaluated more efficiently, accurately and safely through the air conditioner dummy in the extreme environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of automobile air-conditioning comfort, and in particular relates to an automobile thermal comfort test and evaluation method using an air-conditioning dummy in an extreme environment. Background Art

[0002] In the automobile test, the cooling test in high temperature environment and the heating test in cold environment are mainly designed. By immersing the car in extreme environment, the temperature inside the car reaches a relatively strict temperature, and then the air conditioner is turned on to analyze the cooling and heating capacity of the vehicle air conditioner. This test item can only assess the maximum cooling and heating capacity of the air conditioner, and the evaluation can only evaluate the air conditioner performance from the temperature change inside the car, but cannot evaluate the vehicle automatic air conditioner calibration strategy, and cannot evaluate the overall vehicle air conditioning comfort from the thermal sensation of people.

[0003] High cold and high temperature have a great impact on the thermal comfort in the vehicle cabin due to the harsh temperature. For the plateau environment, relevant studies have shown that the increase in altitude, the change in air density and temperature will directly affect the cooling effect of the air conditioner. Generally speaking, after the altitude increases by 1000 meters, the air pressure decreases, the air density and temperature decrease, resulting in a sharp decrease in the mass flow rate on the air side, the attenuation of the heat exchange performance, and the cooling capacity of the air conditioner will decrease by about 5% to 10%. When the altitude increases from 0 to 5000m, the air mass flow rate decreases by 44.2%, the attenuation coefficient becomes larger and larger, and the heat exchange capacity naturally decreases significantly; the condensation heat exchange rate decreases by 18.5%, and the heat exchange performance attenuates greatly; in the heating mode, when the altitude increases from 0 to 5000m, the evaporation heat exchange rate decreases by 4.7%, and the relative heat exchange performance attenuation is small. The attenuation of heat exchange capacity is mainly due to the decrease in atmospheric pressure and air density as the altitude increases, which directly causes the mass flow rate on the air side to decrease rapidly and the convective heat transfer coefficient on the air side to decrease, thereby greatly weakening the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchanger.

[0004] In high altitude areas, the intensity of solar radiation increases with the increase of altitude. At an altitude of 5000m, the intensity of solar radiation is 1.25 times that of plain areas. Thermal radiation heats objects, causing additional temperature rise on the surface of products. The rate of increase of plateau ultraviolet radiation illuminance with increasing altitude is much greater than the rate of increase of total solar radiation illuminance.

[0005] Extreme mutation environments are more complex than extreme environments. They are not only an assessment of the stability of air conditioning performance, but also put forward higher requirements for smart cockpits. At present, when conducting high-temperature air conditioning cooling tests or high-cold heating tests on automobiles, more than 200 thermocouples need to be arranged inside the vehicle to collect the temperature at different locations inside the vehicle. The arrangement of thermocouples is cumbersome and time-consuming. Working in extreme environments is very dangerous for testers. The air volume, wind direction and humidity of the air conditioner in the car cannot be evaluated, which has a great impact on the driver's thermal sensation. Thermocouples can only measure temperature and cannot accurately reflect the thermal comfort in the car and evaluate smart air conditioners. Extreme environments have a great impact on the performance of the air conditioner itself, such as: the air conditioner shuts down at extremely high temperatures, the air conditioner performance decreases under high-cold conditions on the plateau, and the thermal comfort of passengers in extreme environments is also different.

[0006] Although there are testing methods using air-conditioning dummies, they are all tests in environmental chambers, and the evaluation objects are only air-conditioning dummies, which are relatively simple and cannot evaluate the thermal insulation and ventilation functions of the seats. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for testing and evaluating the thermal comfort of an automobile using an air-conditioning dummy in an extreme environment, so as to solve the problems of the prior art of simply using thermocouples, such as complicated arrangement, long time consumption, inability to accurately reflect the thermal comfort in the vehicle, and the single test of using an air-conditioning dummy.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for testing the thermal comfort of an automobile using an air-conditioning dummy in an extreme environment, wherein the air-conditioning dummy is used for testing, and the air-conditioning dummy contains a variety of sensors, which collect sensor data at multiple points on the human body, and input the established human thermal comfort model to make the thermal comfort evaluation in the passenger compartment more accurate; the method also uses thermocouples installed on the seat: a thermocouple is set on each side of the buttocks, and a thermocouple is set on each side of the backrest at 15 cm and 30 cm from the seat height; the method includes cooling, heating and extreme sudden change environment tests; wherein,

[0009] (1) Refrigeration test

[0010] Test preheating stage: external environment temperature ≥40℃, solar radiation intensity ≥1000W / m 2 , the vehicle is fully loaded and placed in the test location for exposure to the sun for 1-2 hours with all doors and windows closed; when the average temperature of the face measuring point of the air-conditioning dummy inside the vehicle reaches 60℃±1℃, or the overall temperature of the air-conditioning dummy inside the vehicle does not rise significantly, the exposure is considered to be over;

[0011] Test phase: The test personnel enter the vehicle, start the vehicle, turn on the automatic air conditioner, and start driving; the dummy and thermocouple data are recorded from the beginning of exposure, and the occupants fill in the subjective evaluation form, and the reasons for the deduction items need to be clearly stated until the end of the test; after the test, observe the temperature-time change curves of each thermocouple temperature measurement point and the air conditioning dummy data;

[0012] (2) Heating test

[0013] Immersion stage: The test vehicle is left in an unobstructed outdoor place for more than 8 hours, so that the temperature of the engine coolant, engine oil or power battery and motor system components has stabilized and the temperature change is less than ±1°C within 1 hour;

[0014] Pre-test stage: start the vehicle until the engine coolant or electric vehicle air conditioning heater coolant temperature is stable; after the equipment is arranged, open all doors and windows, and after 15 minutes, all test personnel enter the vehicle, close the doors, windows and vents; clean the inner and outer surfaces of the vehicle windshield, and the driver starts the vehicle for preheating;

[0015] Test phase: The driver starts the vehicle and turns on the automatic air conditioner. The warm air outlet position is adjusted according to the actual situation, but the air volume cannot be adjusted. The test data is recorded from the time the driver gets on the vehicle. After the test, the temperature-time curve of each temperature measuring point of the thermocouple and the air conditioner dummy data are observed;

[0016] (3) Extreme mutation environment test

[0017] Within 15 minutes, the ambient temperature changes by ≥10°C, the humidity changes by ≥30%, and the solar radiation intensity changes by ≥400W / m 2 If any of these three variables meets the conditions, it is considered an extreme mutation environment; extreme mutation environments include but are not limited to the following five scenarios:

[0018] Scenario 1: The temperature in summer is greater than 35 degrees, and the temperature drops in showers, resulting in changes in temperature, humidity and light. A thermocouple and humidity sensor are placed under the vehicle's exterior rearview mirror to measure the temperature and humidity outside the vehicle in real time. A illuminance meter is used to measure the light intensity at the axis below the front windshield inside the vehicle. The vehicle is fully loaded, and the sunshade is opened for vehicles with a skylight or sunroof. The air conditioner is set to automatic. During the test, the vehicle is driven according to the maximum load in this scenario.

[0019] Scenario 2: In winter, a vehicle with a temperature difference of more than 20 degrees is parked in a basement and then drives out, and the temperature drops rapidly. A vehicle also experiences a rapid temperature rise when it moves from an outdoor parking space to an underground garage. A thermocouple and humidity sensor are placed under the vehicle's exterior rearview mirror to measure the temperature and humidity outside the vehicle in real time. The vehicle is fully loaded, and the sunshade is opened for vehicles with a skylight or sunroof. The air conditioner is set to automatic. The analysis is conducted to determine how long it takes for the vehicle to reach thermal neutrality in an extreme sudden change environment, and its ability to maintain thermal comfort in a variable temperature environment.

[0020] Scenario 3: Plateau mountain tunnels. Because the mountains have four seasons, the temperature, humidity and light intensity at both ends of the tunnel change. For plateau high-cold tests, the vehicle is fully loaded and stationary. For vehicles with skylights or sunroofs, the sunshades are opened. At noon when the solar radiation is strong, the automatic air conditioner is turned on and the vehicle is idle for 10 minutes to feel the thermal comfort inside the vehicle. A tunnel of more than 2 kilometers is selected. Before entering the tunnel, the vehicle has reached thermal neutrality. The vehicle drives on the road according to actual traffic conditions, and analyzes how long it takes for the vehicle to reach thermal neutrality when entering and exiting the tunnel.

[0021] Scenario 4: Fog on mountain roads causes changes in light and humidity. The vehicle is fully loaded. For vehicles with skylights or sunroofs, the sunshades are opened, and the air conditioning is set to automatic. The vehicle is driven on the road according to actual traffic conditions. Analyze how long it takes for the vehicle to reach thermal neutrality under extreme mutation conditions and its ability to maintain thermal neutrality under variable temperature conditions.

[0022] Scenario 5: Temperature difference changes; for vehicles with skylights or sunroofs, the sunshades are opened, the air conditioning is set to automatic, and the vehicle is driven on the road according to actual traffic conditions.

[0023] Furthermore, in the cooling test, the vehicle is started and then tested in the order shown in the table below:

[0024]

[0025] Gear changing is not allowed during each operating condition driving test, and the vehicle must accelerate to the next specified speed at the end of each operating condition driving test.

[0026] Furthermore, in the heating test, the vehicle is started and then tested in the order shown in the table below:

[0027]

[0028] The corresponding driving gear should be selected at different vehicle speeds.

[0029] Furthermore, in scenario 1 of the extreme sudden environmental test, referring to the working conditions of the refrigeration test, if the vehicle encounters different working conditions, one of L1-4 is selected for testing.

[0030] Furthermore, the operating conditions in scenario 2 of the extreme sudden change environment test are carried out according to the heating test conditions.

[0031] Furthermore, in scenario 3 of the extreme sudden change environment test, the vehicle is tested according to the refrigeration test condition, selecting one of the conditions L1-4 to analyze how long it takes the vehicle to reach thermal neutrality in a complex extreme sudden change environment and its ability to maintain thermal neutrality in a variable temperature environment.

[0032] Furthermore, in scenario 4 of the extreme sudden environmental test, the vehicle is tested according to the refrigeration test condition, and one of the conditions L1-4 is selected for testing.

[0033] Furthermore, in scenario 5 of the extreme sudden environmental test, the vehicle is tested according to the refrigeration test condition, and one of the conditions L1-4 is selected for testing.

[0034] The present invention also provides a method for evaluating thermal comfort of an automobile using an air-conditioning dummy in an extreme environment, which is applied to the test method described above, and the method includes test validity judgment and scoring rules;

[0035] Test validity judgment: If the difference between the subjective evaluation score of the driver and the final score of the air-conditioning dummy is less than 30%, the test is considered successful. In the overall evaluation, the driver's evaluation and the air-conditioning dummy's evaluation account for 3:7; if the overall score of the two exceeds 30%, the test needs to be repeated;

[0036] Scoring rules: Air conditioning dummy, thermocouple and subjective evaluation account for 5:2:3 respectively; among which,

[0037] (1) The score of the air-conditioning dummy is calculated by multiplying the absolute value of the score of each part by the percentage. The cumulative score is then multiplied by 0.5 to obtain the final score of the air-conditioning dummy.

[0038] (2) Read the thermocouples arranged. 23 degrees is thermal neutrality. If the temperature fluctuates within 1 degree, the automatic air conditioning is evaluated as excellent and the thermal comfort score is 0 points. If the temperature fluctuates between 1-2 degrees, it is good. If the temperature fluctuates between 2-3 degrees, it is qualified. If the temperature fluctuates between 3-4 degrees, it is unqualified. The absolute value of the temperature fluctuation value is the score obtained. The scores of the six thermocouples are accumulated and divided by 6 to obtain the average score. The final thermocouple score is multiplied by 0.2 to obtain the final score of the item.

[0039] (3) In the subjective evaluation, the driver gives a final score on the thermal sensation scale from -4 to 4 according to the thermal sensation evaluation table. Any deviation from thermal neutrality needs to be marked with the location and reason. The subjective evaluation score is multiplied by 0.3 to obtain the final subjective evaluation score.

[0040] (4) Finally, the scores of the three parts are added up to get the final score. The smaller the score, the better the smart air conditioner effect. The score between [-1, 1] is excellent, between [-2, 2] is good, between [-3, 3] is qualified, and between [-4, 4] is poor.

[0041] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0042] 1. The present invention proposes a method for testing and evaluating an intelligent air conditioner, which can be tested and evaluated more efficiently, accurately and safely by using an air conditioner dummy in an extreme environment;

[0043] 2. It identified a variety of extreme and sudden road environment conditions, identified a variety of common scenarios where drivers would feel obviously uncomfortable, and provided testing methods;

[0044] 3. It can analyze the impact of seats with heat insulation and ventilation effects on the driver's thermal sensation;

[0045] 4. A multi-dimensional and comprehensive evaluation method combining subjective and objective factors can more accurately evaluate the strategy and performance of the in-vehicle automatic air conditioning and the thermal insulation and ventilation of the seats;

[0046] 5. The impact of extreme environments on vehicle air conditioning performance is fully considered, as well as the thermal comfort and operating conditions of passengers in extreme environments, and corresponding test methods are designed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 It is a position distribution diagram of the driver, passenger and air-conditioning dummy in the vehicle in the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a thermocouple installed on the driver's seat;

[0049] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the thermal sensation of the hand of the air-conditioning dummy when the air-conditioning is cooling in a high temperature environment;

[0050] Figure 4 This is the overall thermal sensation diagram of the air-conditioning dummy when the air-conditioning is cooling in a high temperature environment;

[0051] Figure 5 This is the thermal sensation distribution diagram of the air-conditioning dummy during the air-conditioning refrigeration test in a high temperature environment;

[0052] Figure 6 This is the thermocouple temperature diagram of the air conditioning refrigeration test in a high temperature environment;

[0053] Figure 7 This is the thermal sensation diagram of the hand of the air-conditioning dummy when the air-conditioning is heating in a high-cold environment;

[0054] Figure 8 This is the overall thermal sensation diagram of the air-conditioning dummy when the air-conditioning is heating in a high-cold environment;

[0055] Fig. 9 This is the thermal sensation distribution diagram of the air-conditioning dummy during the air-conditioning heating test in a high temperature environment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0057] Those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be considered to limit the scope of the present invention. If no specific technology, connection relationship or condition is specified in the examples, the technology, connection relationship, condition described in the literature in the field or the product specification is used. If the manufacturer of the materials, instruments or equipment used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased.

[0058] The present invention provides a method for testing the thermal comfort of an automobile using an air-conditioning dummy in an extreme environment. The air-conditioning dummy is used for testing. The method also uses a thermocouple installed on the seat: a thermocouple is set on the left and right sides of the hip position, and a thermocouple is set on the left and right sides of the backrest 15 cm and 30 cm away from the seat height. The method includes cooling, heating and extreme sudden change environment tests; wherein,

[0059] (1) Refrigeration test

[0060] Test preheating stage: external environment temperature ≥40℃, solar radiation intensity ≥1000W / m 2 , the vehicle is fully loaded and placed in the test location for exposure to the sun for 1.5 hours with all doors and windows closed; when the average temperature of the face measuring points of the air-conditioning dummy inside the vehicle reaches 60℃±1℃, or the overall temperature of the air-conditioning dummy inside the vehicle does not rise significantly, the exposure is considered to be over;

[0061] Test phase: (Combined with actual vehicle use scenarios in high temperature environments, drivers will not wait for the vehicle to completely cool down before entering the vehicle in high temperature environments outside the vehicle. Most use scenarios are for drivers to enter the vehicle to wait or drive directly) Test personnel enter the vehicle, start the vehicle, turn on the automatic air conditioner, and start driving; the dummy and thermocouple data are recorded from the beginning of exposure, and the occupants fill out the subjective evaluation form. The reasons for the deductions need to be clearly stated until the end of the test; after the test, observe the temperature-time change curves of each thermocouple temperature measurement point and the air conditioning dummy data;

[0062] (2) Heating test

[0063] Immersion stage: The test vehicle is left in an unobstructed outdoor place for more than 8 hours, so that the temperature of the engine coolant, engine oil or power battery and motor system components has stabilized and the temperature change is less than ±1°C within 1 hour. The immersion stage can be ended early;

[0064] Pre-test stage: start the vehicle until the engine coolant or electric vehicle air conditioning heater coolant temperature is stable; after the equipment is arranged, open all doors and windows, and after 15 minutes, all test personnel enter the vehicle, close the doors, windows and vents; clean the inner and outer surfaces of the vehicle windshield, and the driver starts the vehicle for preheating;

[0065] Test phase: The driver starts the vehicle and turns on the automatic air conditioner. To ensure a clear view of the windshield and a good heating effect, the warm air outlet position is adjusted according to the actual situation, but the air volume cannot be adjusted. The test data is recorded from the time the driver gets on the vehicle. After the test, the temperature-time curves of each temperature measuring point of the thermocouple and the air conditioner dummy data are observed.

[0066] (3) Extreme mutation environment test

[0067] Within 15 minutes, the ambient temperature changes by ≥10°C, the humidity changes by ≥30%, and the solar radiation intensity changes by ≥400W / m 2 If any of these three variables meets the conditions, it is considered an extreme mutation environment; extreme mutation environments include but are not limited to the following five scenarios:

[0068] Scenario 1: The temperature in summer is greater than 35 degrees, and the temperature drops in showers, resulting in changes in temperature, humidity and light. In southern my country, the weather is hot in summer, and thunderstorms are very likely to occur, causing the temperature and light intensity to drop rapidly. The driver's back is prone to sweating, and the driver's chest and abdomen are easily exposed to the sun. At this time, it is a great test for the intelligent air conditioning and seat insulation and ventilation control strategy and verification; thermocouples and humidity sensors are arranged under the vehicle's exterior rearview mirror to measure the temperature and humidity outside the vehicle in real time, and a illuminance meter is used to measure the light intensity at the axis under the front windshield inside the vehicle. The vehicle is fully loaded, and the sunshade is opened for vehicles with a skylight or sunroof. The air conditioning is set to automatic. During the test, the vehicle is driven according to the maximum load in this scenario;

[0069] Scenario 2: In winter, vehicles with a temperature difference of more than 20 degrees parked in the basement and driving out experience a rapid temperature drop, and vehicles parked outdoors experience a rapid temperature rise in the basement garage. In northern my country, the outdoor temperature is minus 20 degrees in winter, but after entering the building, the temperature is high due to heating, resulting in a large temperature difference. Thermocouples and humidity sensors are placed under the vehicle's exterior rearview mirror to measure the outdoor temperature and humidity in real time. When the vehicle is fully loaded, the sunshade is opened for vehicles with skylights or sunroofs, and the air conditioning is set to automatic. This is to analyze how long it takes for the vehicle to reach thermal neutrality in extreme mutation environments, and its ability to maintain thermal comfort in variable temperature environments.

[0070] Scenario 3: Plateau mountain tunnels, because of the four seasons in the mountains, the temperature, humidity and light intensity at both ends of the tunnel change; in the plateau and mountainous areas of western my country (Linzhi, Tibet, Ya'an, Sichuan, the border between Yunnan and Guizhou, Baishuitai, Yunnan, 318 Erlangshan Tunnel, Hanyuan Nibashan Tunnel, Duku Highway, Fanxueshan Pass, etc.), due to the high altitude, the ambient temperature is low and the solar radiation is high, resulting in low outside temperature but high inside temperature due to high-intensity solar radiation, causing a large temperature difference between inside and outside the car, and poor thermal comfort for cars with incomplete air-conditioning control strategies; there are many and long tunnels in the west, resulting in large differences in weather on both sides of the tunnel, the most obvious of which is that the sun is shining at one end of the tunnel and heavy snow at the other end, but in actual practice, the temperature difference between the two ends of the tunnel is more than 10 degrees, which is a common scene in plateau mountainous areas; plateau and high-cold tests are conducted with fully loaded vehicles When the vehicle is stationary, open the sunshade for vehicles with skylights or sunroofs. When the solar radiation is strong at noon, turn on the automatic air conditioner when getting in the vehicle and idle for 10 minutes to feel the thermal comfort in the vehicle. Choose a tunnel longer than 2 kilometers. Before entering the tunnel, the vehicle has reached thermal neutrality. The vehicle drives on the road according to actual traffic conditions, and analyzes how long it takes for the vehicle to reach thermal neutrality when entering and exiting the tunnel. After entering the sudden change scenario (entering the tunnel), the internal environment of the vehicle changes, and analyzes how long it takes to reach thermal neutrality. The following reasons can cause changes in the temperature inside the vehicle: 1. Changes in the external environment will bring changes to the internal environment of the vehicle; 2. The external environment may affect the performance of the air conditioner; 3. Under conditions where the vehicle load is large, the air conditioner power will be affected; therefore, the intelligent air conditioner needs to sense and respond in time, and fluctuate around the thermal neutrality 0, indicating that the intelligent air conditioner works best (here is the analysis of fluctuations);

[0071] Scenario 4: Fog on mountain roads causes changes in light and humidity. This scenario mainly occurs in mountainous areas in western my country (Pingbian, Yunnan, Shangri-La rainy season mountains, and mountain roads in western Sichuan). Mountainous areas have high humidity and are prone to fog, which causes significant humidity changes. In addition, there is a large temperature difference between the four seasons in a mountain. The vehicle is fully loaded, and the sunshade is opened for vehicles with skylights or sunroofs. The air conditioner is set to automatic. The vehicle drives on the road according to actual traffic conditions. Analyze how long it takes for the vehicle to reach thermal neutrality under extreme mutation environments and its ability to maintain thermal neutrality under variable temperature environments.

[0072] Scenario 5: Temperature difference changes; many places in my country have a dry and hot valley climate (my country's dry and hot valleys are mainly distributed in Yuanjiang, Yunnan, Panzhihua, Sichuan and Guizhou, and in areas along the Jinsha River, Yuanjiang River, Nujiang River, Nanpanjiang River and other rivers. The valleys are low temperature and the temperature drops when you go up the mountain). Foehn winds are caused by the sinking of air after passing over high mountains. When a mass of air sinks from high altitude to the ground, the temperature rises by an average of 6.5 degrees Celsius for every 1,000 meters it descends. The high temperature in the Yuanjiang River Valley can reach 42 degrees. When driving up the nearby mountains, the ambient temperature drops immediately. For vehicles with skylights or sunroofs, open the sunshades, select automatic air conditioning, and drive on the road according to actual traffic conditions.

[0073] Specifically, in the cooling test, the vehicle is started and the test is carried out in the order shown in the table below:

[0074]

[0075] Gear changing is not allowed during each operating condition driving test, and the vehicle must accelerate to the next specified speed at the end of each operating condition driving test.

[0076] Specifically, in the heating test, the vehicle is started and the test is carried out in the order shown in the table below:

[0077]

[0078] The corresponding driving gear should be selected at different vehicle speeds.

[0079] To further optimize the plan, in scenario 1 of the extreme sudden environmental test, refer to the working conditions of the refrigeration test. If the vehicle encounters different working conditions, one of L1-4 is selected for testing; the working conditions in scenario 2 of the extreme sudden environmental test are carried out according to the heating test conditions; in scenario 3 of the extreme sudden environmental test, the vehicle is tested according to the refrigeration test conditions, and one of the working conditions L1-4 is selected for testing, to analyze how long it takes the vehicle to reach thermal neutrality in a complex extreme sudden environment and its ability to maintain thermal neutrality in a variable temperature environment; in scenario 4 of the extreme sudden environmental test, the vehicle is tested according to the refrigeration test conditions, and one of the working conditions L1-4 is selected for testing; in scenario 5 of the extreme sudden environmental test, the vehicle is tested according to the refrigeration test conditions, and one of the working conditions L1-4 is selected for testing.

[0080] According to the human metabolic rate in extreme environments, the basal metabolic rate of the human body in the plateau environment will increase by 30% compared to the plain. When the stay in the plateau lasts too long, the basal metabolic rate of the human body is still 17% higher than the plain level. In high or low temperatures, the body needs to use its own body temperature regulation center to keep the body temperature constant, such as increasing the body's heat dissipation or making the body generate more heat, which will increase its own metabolism, so it is impossible to clearly compare which is faster. If the body temperature is high, the basal metabolic rate will increase by about 13% for every 1°C increase in body temperature, so the high temperature metabolism is faster. According to relevant knowledge of physiology, the metabolic rate of the dummy in extreme environments is based on the recommended settings according to the medical average value, which can more accurately evaluate the human body's response in extreme environments.

[0081] The present invention also provides a method for evaluating automobile thermal comfort using an air-conditioning dummy in an extreme environment, which is applied to the above-mentioned test method, and the method includes test validity judgment and scoring rules;

[0082] Test validity judgment: If the difference between the subjective evaluation score of the driver and the final score of the air-conditioning dummy is less than 30%, the test is considered successful. In the overall evaluation, the driver's evaluation and the air-conditioning dummy's evaluation account for 3:7; if the overall score of the two exceeds 30%, the test needs to be repeated;

[0083] Scoring rules: Air conditioning dummy, thermocouple and subjective evaluation account for 5:2:3 respectively; among which,

[0084] (1) The score of the air-conditioning dummy is calculated by multiplying the absolute value of the score of each part by the percentage. The cumulative score is then multiplied by 0.5 to obtain the final score of the air-conditioning dummy.

[0085] (2) There is no sensor on the contact surface between the air-conditioning dummy and the seat. The vehicle seat has the function of heat insulation and ventilation. The thermocouples are read. 23 degrees is thermal neutrality. If the temperature fluctuates within 1 degree, the automatic air-conditioning is evaluated as excellent, and the thermal comfort score is 0 points. If the temperature fluctuates between 1-2 degrees, it is good. If the temperature fluctuates between 2-3 degrees, it is qualified. If the temperature fluctuates between 3-4 degrees, it is unqualified. The absolute value of the temperature fluctuation value is the score obtained. Thermal neutrality is 0 points. The absolute value of the fluctuation value is used for scoring. The closer to 0, the better. The scores of the 6 thermocouples are accumulated and divided by 6 to get the average score. The final thermocouple score is multiplied by 0.2 to get the final score of the item. The following table is a statistical table of thermocouple scores:

[0086]

[0087] (3) In the subjective evaluation, the driver gives a final score on the thermal sensation scale from -4 to 4 according to the thermal sensation evaluation table. Any deviation from thermal neutrality needs to be marked with the location and reason. The subjective evaluation score is multiplied by 0.3 to obtain the final subjective evaluation score. The thermal sensation evaluation table is as follows:

[0088]

[0089] (4) Finally, the scores of the three parts are added up to get the final score. The smaller the score, the better the smart air conditioner effect. The score between [-1, 1] is excellent, between [-2, 2] is good, between [-3, 3] is qualified, and between [-4, 4] is poor.

[0090] The present invention uses an air-conditioning dummy to analyze the performance of the vehicle's automatic air-conditioning. Compared with using a thermocouple to measure only the temperature, the air-conditioning dummy has more dimensions for evaluating the vehicle's air-conditioning, and the human body model used is more accurate in evaluating the thermal comfort of the occupants. In addition to the traditional high-temperature cooling and high-cold heating scenarios, the present invention adds five extreme mutation environmental scenarios based on actual user scenarios. For some unclear scenarios, the change values ​​of ambient temperature, humidity and light intensity are restricted. Other extreme scenario tests can refer to this test method for testing.

[0091] The present invention combines air-conditioning dummies with targeted settings to avoid a single temperature evaluation index. The air-conditioning dummies, thermocouples and occupants combine subjective and objective data in three dimensions for evaluation. The three aspects include objective data collection for intelligent air-conditioning and seat heating functions, and also combine data with occupants' subjective evaluations to avoid evaluation differences caused by individual differences of a single engineer. The comprehensive evaluation method of subjective evaluation plus objective data is more comprehensive and more accurate. The test objects of the present invention are mainly for M1 vehicles with intelligent air-conditioning, and other vehicles can refer to it for execution.

[0092] In the present invention, the arrangement of the equipment is as follows: an air-conditioning dummy is placed in the car, at least two dummies, one for the co-driver and one for the rear seat of the main driver, and a subjective evaluation is performed in combination with the main driver and the rear seat passenger; and a thermocouple is posted on the seat with tape at the buttocks contact position on the main driver's seat, arranged in the middle of the buttocks position, one on each side, and the dummy body selected based on the human body size and characteristics of the 50th Chinese male according to the Chinese anthropomorphic signs, about 168-171cm high, and a thermocouple is set on each side of the waist 15cm high from the seat and the backrest 30cm high, so a total of 6 thermocouples are arranged at the buttocks and back, and subsequent test plans are arranged according to this arrangement.

[0093] In extremely complex environments, poor thermal sensation inside the car can affect the driver's normal driving, easily causing safety accidents, and easily causing safety problems for the tester during the test. In traditional test methods, after the car is soaked, the engineer enters the car for testing. At this time, the engineer is already relatively cold, and there will be personal perception and cognitive differences in the thermal sensation reaction inside the car. It is also easily affected by the cognitive differences of engineers in different regions, resulting in large abnormalities in subjective evaluation scores. At this time, using an air-conditioned dummy can record data more objectively and avoid differences in driver perception and cognition.

[0094] Example 1

[0095] This embodiment is a thermal sensation test of air conditioning refrigeration in a high temperature environment, including local thermal sensation and overall thermal sensation test of an air conditioning dummy and a thermocouple test;

[0096] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the thermal sensation of the air-conditioning dummy's hand when the air-conditioning is cooling in a high-temperature environment. In the figure: the horizontal axis is time (seconds), and the vertical axis is the thermal sensation value. As shown in the figure, in the air-conditioning cooling test in a high-temperature environment, the thermal sensation of the air-conditioning dummy's arm reaches thermal neutrality relatively quickly, but then continues to decline, and finally the air-conditioning fluctuates around cool, indicating that the calibration value of the vehicle's intelligent air-conditioning is cold (the vehicle's thermal sensation is a fluctuating value due to vehicle operating conditions, external environment, and the quality of the intelligent air-conditioning).

[0097] See also Figure 4 and Figure 5 , Figure 4 This is the overall thermal sensation diagram of the air-conditioning dummy when the air-conditioning is cooling in a high-temperature environment. The final overall thermal sensation is obtained by obtaining the thermal sensation data of sensors at different points on the air-conditioning dummy's body. Figure 4 As shown, in the air conditioning refrigeration test under high temperature environment, the overall thermal sensation of the air conditioning dummy takes a long time to reach thermal neutrality, but then it continues to decline, and finally the air conditioning fluctuates around slightly cool, indicating that the vehicle's intelligent air conditioning calibration value is slightly cold, but the vehicle's air conditioning takes a long time to reach thermal neutrality; Figure 5 This is the distribution diagram of the air-conditioning dummy's thermal sensation during the air-conditioning refrigeration test in a high-temperature environment. The diagram reflects the thermal sensation values ​​felt by the air-conditioning dummy's body sensors at the beginning of the refrigeration test. The diagram shows that the air-conditioning dummy's overall thermal sensation is above 4, indicating that the air-conditioning dummy is very hot. Figure 6 This is the thermocouple temperature diagram of the air conditioning refrigeration test under high temperature environment, the horizontal axis is time and the vertical axis is temperature; Figure 6 The cooling curve of the thermocouple temperature when the air conditioner is cooling the vehicle indicates that the vehicle temperature drops by 30 degrees in 15 minutes, and the cooling performance is average (the thermal sensation of the occupants is not only affected by the temperature).

[0098] Example 2

[0099] This embodiment is a thermal sensation test of air conditioning and heating in a high-cold environment, including local thermal sensation and overall thermal sensation test of an air-conditioning dummy;

[0100] like Figure 7 As shown, this is a diagram of the thermal sensation of the hand of the air-conditioning dummy when the air-conditioning is heated in a high-cold environment. As shown in the figure, the air-conditioning heating test in a high-cold environment shows that the thermal sensation of the air-conditioning dummy continues to decrease when the car is immersed in the early stage; the thermal sensation of the air-conditioning dummy's arm reaches cool quickly, then slowly rises to a slightly cool feeling, and finally the air-conditioning fluctuates around cool, indicating that the calibration value of the vehicle's intelligent air-conditioning is cold and cannot achieve thermal neutrality well; Figure 8 This is the overall thermal sensation diagram of the air-conditioning dummy when the air-conditioning is heating in a high-cold environment; Figure 7 and Figure 8 Middle: The horizontal axis is time (seconds) and the vertical axis is thermal sensation value. Fig. 9 This is the thermal sensation distribution diagram of the air-conditioning dummy during the air-conditioning heating test in a high-temperature environment. The diagram reflects the thermal sensation values ​​felt by various sensors on the air-conditioning dummy's body at the beginning of the heating test. The diagram shows that the overall thermal sensation of the air-conditioning dummy is above -3, indicating that the air-conditioning dummy is cold.

[0101] Example 3

[0102] This embodiment is to score the corresponding effect of the intelligent air conditioner when the vehicle reaches thermal neutrality and encounters an extreme sudden change environment that causes the in-vehicle environment to change; select the maximum value of the thermal sensation of each part in the test cycle, and select the maximum value as the score of the point; multiply the score of each part by the ratio to obtain the overall sensation score;

[0103] (1) The thermal sensation evaluation table for air-conditioning mannequins is as follows:

[0104]

[0105] (2) Thermocouple score statistics are as follows:

[0106]

[0107] (3) The driver’s subjective evaluation is 1 point;

[0108] (4) Judgment: The air-conditioning dummy scored 0.9 and the driver scored 1 point, which is a small difference. The test is considered successful (if the driver's feeling fluctuates between 1 and 2, he can give a decimal point).

[0109] (5) Comprehensive score: 0.9*0.5+1.5*0.2+1*0.3=1.05;

[0110] The score between [-1, 1] is excellent, between [-2, 2] is good, between [-3, 3] is qualified, and between [-4, 4] is poor; therefore, the corresponding effect scoring result of the smart air conditioner in this embodiment is good.

[0111] The present invention can also carry out personalized development and testing for user groups. Most car models have personalized development for their own target users. For example, for vehicles for women and middle-aged men, the air-conditioning dummy can select male and female dummies and adjust the model metabolic rate, providing solutions for car companies in the development and verification of intelligent air conditioners.

[0112] The method can also test the low-energy consumption micro-environment solution of seat thermal insulation and ventilation combined with air conditioning. When driving in summer, the driver is exposed to more heat radiation and direct air-conditioning in the front, and the temperature of the front can reach a comfortable level, but the contact surface between the driver's back and the seat is hotter. Many car companies have developed seat thermal insulation and ventilation functions for use in combination with air conditioning to achieve overall thermal comfort in the car. In addition, when there are fewer passengers in new energy vehicles, thermal comfort can be achieved only through the combination of seat thermal insulation and ventilation and front air conditioning, reducing the cooling of the entire interior space in the car. The present invention can be developed and tested for this function.

[0113] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any minor modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for testing thermal comfort of an automobile using an air-conditioning dummy in an extreme environment, wherein the test is performed using an air-conditioning dummy, and the method is characterized in that: The method also uses thermocouples installed on the seat: one thermocouple is set on the left and right sides of the hip position, and one thermocouple is set on the left and right sides of the backrest 15cm and 30cm away from the seat height; the method includes cooling, heating and extreme sudden change environment tests; among them, (1) Refrigeration test Test preheating stage: external environment temperature ≥40℃, solar radiation intensity ≥1000W / m 2 , the vehicle is fully loaded and placed in the test location for exposure to the sun for 1-2 hours with all doors and windows closed; when the average temperature of the face measuring point of the air-conditioning dummy inside the vehicle reaches 60℃±1℃, or the overall temperature of the air-conditioning dummy inside the vehicle does not rise significantly, the exposure is considered to be over; Test phase: The test personnel enter the vehicle, start the vehicle, turn on the automatic air conditioner, and start driving; the dummy and thermocouple data are recorded from the beginning of exposure, and the occupants fill in the subjective evaluation form, and the reasons for the deduction items need to be clearly stated until the end of the test; after the test, observe the temperature-time change curves of each thermocouple temperature measurement point and the air conditioning dummy data; (2) Heating test Immersion stage: The test vehicle is left in an unobstructed outdoor place for more than 8 hours, so that the temperature of the engine coolant, engine oil or power battery and motor system components has stabilized and the temperature change is less than ±1°C within 1 hour; Pre-test stage: start the vehicle until the engine coolant or electric vehicle air conditioning heater coolant temperature is stable; after the equipment is arranged, open all doors and windows, and after 15 minutes, all test personnel enter the vehicle, close the doors, windows and vents; clean the inner and outer surfaces of the vehicle windshield, and the driver starts the vehicle for preheating; Test phase: The driver starts the vehicle and turns on the automatic air conditioner. The warm air outlet position is adjusted according to the actual situation, but the air volume cannot be adjusted. The test data is recorded from the time the driver gets on the vehicle. After the test, the temperature-time curve of each temperature measuring point of the thermocouple and the air conditioner dummy data are observed; (3) Extreme mutation environment test Within 15 minutes, the ambient temperature changes by ≥10°C, the humidity changes by ≥30%, and the solar radiation intensity changes by ≥400W / m 2 If any of these three variables meets the conditions, it is considered an extreme mutation environment; extreme mutation environments include but are not limited to the following five scenarios: Scenario 1: The temperature in summer is greater than 35 degrees, and the temperature drops in showers, resulting in changes in temperature, humidity and light. A thermocouple and humidity sensor are placed under the vehicle's exterior rearview mirror to measure the temperature and humidity outside the vehicle in real time. A illuminance meter is used to measure the light intensity at the axis below the front windshield inside the vehicle. The vehicle is fully loaded, and the sunshade is opened for vehicles with a skylight or sunroof. The air conditioner is set to automatic. During the test, the vehicle is driven according to the maximum load in this scenario. Scenario 2: In winter, a vehicle with a temperature difference of more than 20 degrees is parked in a basement and then drives out, and the temperature drops rapidly. A vehicle also experiences a rapid temperature rise when it moves from an outdoor parking space to an underground garage. A thermocouple and humidity sensor are placed under the vehicle's exterior rearview mirror to measure the temperature and humidity outside the vehicle in real time. The vehicle is fully loaded, and the sunshade is opened for vehicles with a skylight or sunroof. The air conditioner is set to automatic. The analysis is conducted to determine how long it takes for the vehicle to reach thermal neutrality in an extreme sudden change environment, and its ability to maintain thermal comfort in a variable temperature environment. Scenario 3: Plateau mountain tunnels. Because the mountains have four seasons, the temperature, humidity and light intensity at both ends of the tunnel change. For plateau high-cold tests, the vehicle is fully loaded and stationary. For vehicles with skylights or sunroofs, the sunshades are opened. At noon when the solar radiation is strong, the automatic air conditioner is turned on and the vehicle is idle for 10 minutes to feel the thermal comfort inside the vehicle. A tunnel of more than 2 kilometers is selected. Before entering the tunnel, the vehicle has reached thermal neutrality. The vehicle drives on the road according to actual traffic conditions, and analyzes how long it takes for the vehicle to reach thermal neutrality when entering and exiting the tunnel. Scenario 4: Fog on mountain roads causes changes in light and humidity. The vehicle is fully loaded. For vehicles with skylights or sunroofs, the sunshades are opened, and the air conditioning is set to automatic. The vehicle is driven on the road according to actual traffic conditions. Analyze how long it takes for the vehicle to reach thermal neutrality under extreme mutation conditions and its ability to maintain thermal neutrality under variable temperature conditions. Scenario 5: Temperature difference changes; for vehicles with skylights or sunroofs, the sunshades are opened, the air conditioning is set to automatic, and the vehicle is driven on the road according to actual traffic conditions.

2. The automobile thermal comfort testing method using an air-conditioning dummy in an extreme environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: During the refrigeration test, after the vehicle is started, the test is carried out in the order shown in the table below: ； Gear changing is not allowed during each operating condition driving test, and the vehicle must accelerate to the next specified speed at the end of each operating condition driving test.

3. The automobile thermal comfort testing method using an air-conditioning dummy in an extreme environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the heating test, after the vehicle starts, the test is carried out in the order shown in the table below: ； The corresponding driving gear should be selected at different vehicle speeds.

4. The automobile thermal comfort testing method using an air-conditioning dummy in an extreme environment according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In scenario 1 of the extreme sudden environmental test, refer to the working conditions of the refrigeration test. If the vehicle encounters different working conditions, select one of L1-4 for testing.

5. The automobile thermal comfort testing method using an air-conditioning dummy in an extreme environment according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The operating conditions in scenario 2 of the extreme sudden environmental test are carried out according to the heating test conditions.

6. The automobile thermal comfort testing method using an air-conditioning dummy in an extreme environment according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In Scenario 3 of the extreme sudden change environment test, the vehicle is tested according to the refrigeration test condition, and one of the conditions L1-4 is selected to analyze how long it takes the vehicle to reach thermal neutrality under a complex extreme sudden change environment and its ability to maintain thermal neutrality under a variable temperature environment.

7. The automobile thermal comfort testing method using an air-conditioning dummy in an extreme environment according to claim 2, characterized in that: In scenario 4 of the extreme sudden environmental test, the vehicle is tested according to the refrigeration test condition, selecting one of the conditions L1-4.

8. The automobile thermal comfort testing method using an air-conditioning dummy in an extreme environment according to claim 2, characterized in that: In scenario 5 of the extreme sudden environmental test, the vehicle is tested according to the refrigeration test condition, selecting one of the conditions L1-4.

9. A method for evaluating thermal comfort of an automobile using an air-conditioning dummy in an extreme environment, applied to the test method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The method includes trial validity judgment and scoring rules; Test validity judgment: If the difference between the subjective evaluation score of the driver and the final score of the air-conditioning dummy is less than 30%, the test is considered successful. In the overall evaluation, the driver's evaluation and the air-conditioning dummy's evaluation account for 3:7; if the overall score of the two exceeds 30%, the test needs to be repeated; Scoring rules: Air conditioning dummy, thermocouple and subjective evaluation account for 5:2:3 respectively; among which, (1) The score of the air-conditioning dummy is calculated by multiplying the absolute value of the score of each part by the percentage. The cumulative score is then multiplied by 0.5 to obtain the final score of the air-conditioning dummy. (2) Read the arranged thermocouples. 23 degrees is thermal neutrality. If the temperature fluctuates within 1 degree, the automatic air conditioning is evaluated as excellent and the thermal comfort score is 0 points. If the temperature fluctuates between 1-2 degrees, it is good. If the temperature fluctuates between 2-3 degrees, it is qualified. If the temperature fluctuates between 3-4 degrees, it is unqualified. The absolute value of the temperature fluctuation value is the score obtained. The scores of the six thermocouples are accumulated and divided by 6 to obtain the average score. The final thermocouple score is multiplied by 0.2 to obtain the final score of the item. (3) In the subjective evaluation, the driver gives a final score on the thermal sensation scale from -4 to 4 according to the thermal sensation evaluation table. Any deviation from thermal neutrality needs to be marked with the location and reason. The subjective evaluation score is multiplied by 0.3 to obtain the final subjective evaluation score. (4) Finally, the scores of the three parts are added up to get the final score. The smaller the score, the better the smart air conditioner effect. The score between [-1, 1] is excellent, between [-2, 2] is good, between [-3, 3] is qualified, and between [-4, 4] is poor.

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