Ecological lever-based wetland restoration method

Abstract

The invention discloses a wetland restoration method based on an ecological lever, and belongs to the technical field of wetland restoration. The wetland restoration method comprises the following steps: S1, selecting proper local pioneer plants, and selecting an area for establishing restoration fulcrums in a degraded wetland; s2, according to the area S of the degraded wetland and the set expected planting density rho < pre >, the expected plant population number P < pre > of the degraded wetland is obtained through calculation in combination with the following formula III, after recovery time t is set, the initial plant population number P < 0 > when t is equal to 0 is obtained through calculation by adopting the following formulas I and II; according to the initial plant population number P0 and the area S of the degraded wetland, the initial planting density rho 0 of the pioneer plants when t is equal to 0 is obtained; the formula I is # imgabs0 #; a formula II: # imgabs 1 #; and a formula III: # imgabs2 #.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of wetland restoration, and in particular relates to a wetland restoration method based on "ecological leverage". Background Art

[0002] Wetlands, known as the "kidneys of the earth", are one of the most abundant and diverse ecosystems on Earth. They not only provide habitats and breeding grounds for countless species, but also play an irreplaceable role in regulating climate, purifying water quality, controlling floods, and maintaining biodiversity. However, with the growth of population, the acceleration of urbanization, and the impact of natural factors such as climate change, the global wetland ecosystem is suffering unprecedented damage, with a sharp reduction in area, a sharp decline in biodiversity, and serious degradation of ecological service functions. In order to cope with wetland degradation and the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, wetland restoration actions have been carried out worldwide. The full restoration of large areas of damaged wetlands requires huge amounts of funds, manpower and technical support, which is a heavy economic burden for many countries and regions. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems of low restoration efficiency, waste of resources and the like existing in the prior art in this field, the present invention proposes a wetland restoration method based on "ecological leverage".

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A wetland restoration method based on "ecological leverage" includes the following steps: S1: Select suitable native pioneer plants and select areas to establish restoration pivots in degraded wetlands; S2: Based on the area S of the degraded wetland and the expected planting density ρ 预 , combined with the following formula III to calculate the expected plant population P of degraded wetlands 预 After setting the recovery time t, the following formulas I and II are used to calculate the initial plant population P0 at t=0, and then according to the initial plant population P0 and the expected planting density ρ 预 , calculate the initial planting area S0;

[0005] Where P is the plant population; t is the recovery time; r is the maximum plant growth rate; N is the soil nutrient index; k is the soil nutrient index corresponding to half of the maximum plant growth rate r; a is the plant mortality rate; A is the rate of exogenous nutrient input; b is the nutrients absorbed from the soil by plant growth; c is the nutrient input into the soil by each dead plant; S is the planting area; and ρ is the planting density.

[0006] The wetland restoration fulcrum refers to the area where pioneer plants overcome environmental stress and successfully establish themselves.

[0007] The wetland restoration method based on "ecological leverage" also includes the following steps: S3: artificially planting pioneer plants in the selected area for establishing the restoration fulcrum according to the calculated initial planting area S0 to establish a preliminary restoration fulcrum.

[0008] The expected planting density ρ 预 According to the “Dongting Lake Wetland Short-pointed Sedge Grass ( Carex Brevicuspis ) The method described in the article "Adaptation of population clonal growth to siltation".

[0009] In S1, selecting suitable native pioneer plants refers to selecting pioneer plants according to the method described in the article “Study on the niche and interspecific connectivity of dominant herbaceous plants in wetlands in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in Henan Province”.

[0010] In S1, the selection of areas for establishing restoration pivots in degraded wetlands refers to the selection according to the method described in the article "Assessment of Suitability for Restoration of Wetlands in Sanjiang Plain". More specifically, the selection of areas for establishing restoration pivots in degraded wetlands refers to selecting areas with a slope of less than 10°, field water holding capacity > 15%, pH value of 6.5-8.5, soil total nitrogen > 500 mg / kg, total phosphorus > 300 mg / kg, total potassium > 5 g / kg, and soil organic matter content > 6 g / kg as the areas for establishing restoration pivots.

[0011] The driving force mentioned above refers to the use of plant diffusion and plant-soil feedback as driving forces to drive the comprehensive restoration of wetlands in an ecological self-organizing manner.

[0012] Before S1, invasive plants are cleared; preferably, the invasive plants include: Spartina alterniflora, Sonneratia apetala, and Lagerstroemia indica.

[0013] The wetlands mentioned herein refer to degraded wetlands, wetlands to be restored, or wetlands that have not been restored.

[0014] The pioneer plants are selected from: seahorse, sedge, reed, sea sedge, rough-leaved sedge, Tamarix, Avicennia marina, and Paulownia chinensis.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The core innovation of the present invention is that the final expected plant population number P on the wetland can be obtained based on the initial data and preset data of the wetland restoration project, such as the area of ​​the degraded wetland to be restored, the expected planting density, the restoration time required by the restoration project, etc. 预and the initial plant population P0, and then calculate the initial planting density ρ0 of the pioneer plants, and then plant the pioneer plants according to this initial planting density ρ0 on the actual wetland, which is equivalent to knowing the final expected plant population on the degraded wetland. After the soil moisture and nutrient improvement and the establishment of the restoration fulcrum by the colonization of indigenous plants, the plants absorb soil nutrients to increase the population, and the plants release nutrients to the soil through root metabolism and residue decomposition, which further promotes the growth and diffusion of plants, and then drives the restoration of wetland vegetation in the entire area. In this system, the plant population and soil nutrients both promote and restrict each other. The restoration method of the present invention can achieve the comprehensive restoration of the entire wetland within the time required by the project, and save more than 90% of the planting engineering volume compared to the conventional vegetation planting restoration method. It is efficient and economical, and is suitable for promotion in various wetland restoration projects.

[0016] Based on the dynamic characteristics and dynamic laws of wetland ecosystems, the present invention integrates the theory of ecosystem complexity and innovatively proposes an "ecological lever" restoration method, which is to first establish small-area wetland units in degraded wetlands, and then utilize core ecological processes such as biological population growth, spatial diffusion, and biogeomorphic feedback to achieve economical and efficient comprehensive restoration of the overall ecosystem. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a satellite image of the wetland before restoration in Experimental Example 1 of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a satellite image of the wetland in Experimental Example 1 of the present invention in the fourth year of implementing the restoration method of the present invention, indicating that the wetland has been fully restored.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a process effect diagram of the actual restoration of the wetland in Experimental Example 1 of the present invention through the restoration method of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a picture of the actual state of the wetland after clearing invasive plants in Experimental Example 2 of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a field status diagram of the wetland in Experimental Example 2 of the present invention, in which the restoration fulcrum is established through the restoration method of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a field status diagram of the wetland in Experimental Example 2 of the present invention being fully restored through the restoration method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The specific contents of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, drawings and experimental examples, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0024] The present invention provides a wetland restoration method based on "ecological leverage". All embodiments of the present invention have the following common features: the wetland restoration method based on "ecological leverage" includes the following steps: S1: Select suitable native pioneer plants and select areas to establish restoration pivots in degraded wetlands; S2: Based on the area S of the degraded wetland and the expected planting density ρ 预 , combined with the following formula III to calculate the expected plant population P of degraded wetlands 预 After setting the recovery time t, the following formulas I and II are used to calculate the initial plant population P0 at t=0, and then according to the initial plant population P0 and the expected planting density ρ 预 , calculate the initial planting area S0;

[0025] Where P is the plant population; t is the recovery time; r is the maximum plant growth rate; N is the soil nutrient index; k is the soil nutrient index corresponding to half of the maximum plant growth rate r; a is the plant mortality rate; A is the rate of exogenous nutrient input; b is the nutrients absorbed from the soil by plant growth, c is the nutrients input into the soil by each dead plant; S is the planting area; ρ is the planting density.

[0026] In a specific embodiment, the wetland restoration fulcrum refers to an area where pioneer plants overcome environmental stress and successfully establish themselves.

[0027] In a further embodiment, the wetland restoration method based on "ecological leverage" also includes the following steps: S3: artificially planting pioneer plants in the area selected for establishing the restoration fulcrum according to the calculated initial planting area S0 to establish a preliminary restoration fulcrum.

[0028] In this way, based on the established restoration fulcrum, the feedback process between plant and soil nutrients is used as the driving force to drive the comprehensive restoration of degraded wetlands.

[0029] In some embodiments, the expected planting density p 预 According to the “Dongting Lake Wetland Short-pointed Sedge Grass ( Carex Brevicuspis ) The method described in the article "Adaptation of population clonal growth to siltation".

[0030] In some specific embodiments, the expected planting density ρ 预Determining and setting the value of is a conventional technical means well known to those skilled in the art, specifically referring to: conducting field surveys in natural ecosystems with similar climatic conditions and expected vegetation restoration targets (pioneer plants) to those of the degraded wetland project site, and then combining the methods recorded in the above-mentioned literature to determine the expected planting density. For example, select several small sample plots in the natural ecosystem with similar climatic conditions and expected vegetation restoration targets (pioneer plants) to those of the degraded wetland project site, mark the number of plant individuals on each small sample plot and measure the corresponding area of ​​each small sample plot, divide the number of plant individuals on each small sample plot by the corresponding area of ​​each small sample plot to obtain the quotient; take the average of the quotient values ​​of each small sample plot to determine the expected planting density ρ of the pioneer plants. 预 The value of .

[0031] P (unit: plant) is the number of plant populations, which has the conventional technical meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art, and may be the meaning of “number of plant populations” recorded in the article “Survey and Analysis of Grassland Plant Resources in Taiyue Mountain, North China”; N (dimension: mg / kg) is the soil nutrient index, which has the conventional technical meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art. For example, it may be the meaning of the "soil nutrient index" recorded in the article "Grey correlation analysis of water conservation function of typical vegetation types in the high-altitude and cold mountainous areas of Qilian Mountains".

[0032] t (dimension: d) is the recovery time. When a wetland restoration project begins, the recovery time t is determined according to the project requirements.

[0033] Initial soil nutrient N0; obtained through field surveys and soil analysis in the early stages of restoration. The soil organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient contents were measured using the method recorded in the book "Soil Agrochemical Analysis", and then averaged to obtain a comprehensive value. For specific algorithms, see the "Technical Guidelines for Regional Ecosystem Stability Assessment".

[0034] The maximum plant growth rate r (dimension: % / d) in the restoration area (referring to the entire degraded wetland area) has the conventional technical meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art, specifically referring to the growth rate of the plant population in the restoration area. The ratio of the number of plant individuals added per unit time to the initial number of plants is the r value by conducting local planting tests on the specific plants used for wetland restoration; The k (dimension: mg / kg) is the soil nutrient index corresponding to half of the maximum plant growth rate r, has a conventional technical meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art, and can be determined by conducting potted cultivation experiments on plants used for wetland restoration, combined with the method described in the article "Nutrient Absorption Dynamics Characteristics of Blue Algae Growth in Qingcaosha Reservoir"; is a constant, ranging from 0 to 1. When the N and k values ​​are determined, the value of the constant can be determined. hour, Plant growth is not limited by nutrients. hour, , the growth of plants is limited by the lack of nutrients. When N=K, , the plant's growth rate is half of the maximum rate; It reflects the regulation of soil nutrients on plant growth, describes the mutual promotion and restriction relationship between plant population and soil nutrients, and realizes vegetation restoration within the expected time by controlling the parameters in the equation; The a (unit: % / d) is the plant mortality rate, which is calculated by conducting local planting experiments on specific plants used in wetland restoration and counting the proportion of dead plants in all plants per unit time; The A (dimension: mg / kg / d) is the rate of exogenous nutrient input, which refers to the rate of artificial input of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers during the restoration process. The calculation method is: artificial input amount / soil amount / time. The artificial input amount is a comprehensive value. The calculation method is specifically found in the "National Ecological Environmental Standards of the People's Republic of China".

[0035] The b (dimension: mg / plant / d) is the nutrient absorbed by plants from the soil during growth, and is obtained through local planting experiments on specific plants used in wetland restoration. In the potted experiment, vermiculite is used as the matrix to plant the target plants. The content of organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients increased in the matrix per unit time is statistically analyzed, and the increase in the soil nutrient index is calculated. It can be measured using the method recorded in the "National Ecological Environmental Standards of the People's Republic of China"; the soil nutrient index is an environmental concept, and its source is the "National Ecological Environmental Standards of the People's Republic of China".

[0036] The c (unit: mg / plant) is the nutrient input into the soil by each dead plant, obtained by potting experiments on specific plants used in wetland restoration. For details, see the method described in the article "Effects of litter addition on soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents and their stoichiometric characteristics in Artemisia desert grassland"; In the specific embodiments of the present invention, the following terms have the following definitions: Ecological levers: Triggering large-scale near-natural recovery by implementing artificial interventions on a small scale.

[0037] Near-natural restoration has the conventional technical meaning well known to ordinary technicians in the field of wetland technology. For example, it can be the meaning of the term "near-natural restoration" recorded in the article "Near-natural precision restoration of degraded ecosystems - nature-based solutions".

[0038] Restoration fulcrum: Before the restoration process begins, small areas of wetland vegetation units are restored first to initiate the positive feedback process of the ecosystem, thereby driving the self-recovery of the ecosystem. These initially established small-area wetland units are the restoration fulcrums.

[0039] The above-mentioned control method of the wetland restoration process based on "ecological lever" plays a positive role in the establishment of the restoration fulcrum and the overall restoration of the wetland. Through moderate and active intervention, the cost of the wetland restoration project is reduced while ensuring the same restoration effect. The above-mentioned control method works through the positive feedback between the elements in the ecosystem. Usually, areas with relatively flat terrain, less external disturbance, good soil water retention capacity, and good ecological connectivity with the surrounding environment are selected as potential restoration fulcrums; then, through soil improvement, hydrological regulation and other measures, a suitable environment is created to stimulate the soil seed bank. The seeds or seedlings of pioneer plants cross the survival threshold in a suitable microenvironment, and are quickly fixed through the rapid growth of the root system. After planting, they expand through cloning or seed reproduction; the above-ground parts of pioneer plants help reduce the loss of soil moisture, slow down the surface runoff speed, and accelerate deposition; the developed underground rhizome system helps to improve soil structure and enhance soil water retention capacity; at the same time, soil microorganisms quickly respond to the changes in the soil environment brought about by the expansion of above-ground plants, help decompose organic matter and accelerate nutrient circulation, and increase soil nutrient accumulation and deposition.

[0040] At the same time, the above-mentioned control method of the present invention first restores wetlands not exceeding 50% of the total area in the degraded wetlands, and gradually realizes self-recovery through the spontaneous interaction of various elements such as plants, soil, water, animals, and microorganisms in the ecosystem. This method is different from traditional wetland restoration that is carried out in the entire area, which significantly reduces costs and achieves resource conservation.

[0041] In a specific embodiment, in S1, selecting suitable native pioneer plants refers to selecting pioneer plants according to the method described in the article "Study on the Niche and Interspecific Connectivity of Dominant Herbaceous Plants in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River in Henan Province".

[0042] In some embodiments, the pioneer plants have the conventional technical meanings well-known to those skilled in the art. For example, it can be the meaning of "pioneer plants" recorded in the article "Study on the Ecological Niche and Interspecific Association of Dominant Herbaceous Plants in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River Wetlands in Henan". Selecting suitable native pioneer plants specifically means: consulting local floras and natural resource investigation reports to obtain candidate native pioneer plants, and then selecting one native pioneer plant with the strongest reproductive ability and the strongest ability to tolerate poor soil nutrients according to the reproductive ability and the ability to tolerate poor soil nutrients of each native pioneer plant. Selecting according to the reproductive ability and the ability to tolerate poor soil nutrients of each native pioneer plant is a conventional technical means well-known to those skilled in the art, and can be specifically determined by referring to the records in the literature. For example, in Experimental Example 1 of the present invention, the candidate native pioneer plants obtained by consulting local floras and natural resource investigation reports include: Sesuvium portulacastrum ( Sesuvium portulacastrum ), Phragmites australis, Cyperus malaccensis, Cyperus malaccensis var. brevifolius. Then, by querying the records in the literature, it is determined that among these candidate native pioneer plants, Sesuvium portulacastrum ( Sesuvium portulacastrum ), has the strongest reproductive ability and the strongest ability to tolerate poor soil nutrients. Therefore, Sesuvium portulacastrum ( Sesuvium portulacastrum ), is selected as the suitable native pioneer plant.

[0043] In some other embodiments, in S1, the area for selecting the restoration fulcrum in the degraded wetland refers to the selection method recorded in the article "Suitability Evaluation of Wetland Restoration in the Sanjiang Plain". Specifically, an area with a slope less than 10°, a field water holding capacity > 15%, a pH value of 6.5 - 8.5, a total soil nitrogen > 500 mg / kg, a total phosphorus > 300 mg / kg, a total potassium > 5 g / kg, and a soil organic matter content > 6 g / kg is selected as the area for establishing the restoration fulcrum.

[0044] In a specific embodiment, the driving means driving the overall restoration of the wetland in an ecological self-organization manner with plant diffusion and plant-soil feedback as the driving forces.

[0045] The ecological self-organization has the conventional technical meaning well-known to those skilled in the art, which is the meaning of the term "ecological self-organization" recorded in the article "The Whole is Greater than the Sum of Its Parts: Ecological Self-organization Patterns and Their Emergent Properties".

[0046] In a more specific embodiment, invasive plants are cleared before S1; Preferably, the invasive plants include: Spartina alterniflora, Sonneratia apetala, Laguncularia racemosa.

[0047] In a specific embodiment, the wetland refers to a degraded wetland, a wetland to be restored, or an unrecovered wetland.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the pioneer plant is selected from: seahorse, sedge, reed, sea sedge, sedge, Tamarix, Avicennia marina, and Paulownia chinensis.

[0049] Experimental Example 1: Restoration of coastal wetlands in Shanwei City, Guangdong A specific implementation case of the present invention is located in Shanwei City, Guangdong Province, with an area of ​​about 7 million m 2 The wetland was in a similar condition before restoration. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, in 2019, at the beginning of the restoration of coastal tidal flat wetlands, a survey of the background conditions was conducted, and it was clearly determined that the salt marsh plant Hippocampus ( Sesuvium portulacastrum ) as pioneer species for vegetation restoration. The project is expected to achieve full vegetation coverage within 2 years, with a planned density of 10 plants / m 2 It is estimated that there will be 70 million seahorse teeth by the time the project is completed. Field trials were conducted in degraded wetlands to clarify the parameters in the equation (Table 1).

[0050] Table 1. Parameters of the coastal wetland restoration case in Shanwei City, Guangdong

[0051] After clarifying the parameters, the restoration process was simulated in Python. According to the degraded wetland area S = 7 million m 2 ; According to the expected planting density ρ 预 10 plants / m 2 , combined with formula III to obtain the final expected plant population P 预 The number of plants is 70 million. According to the requirements of this project, the recovery time is set to 1200 days. The initial population size P0 is calculated to be 3.485 million plants using formula I and formula II. Then, based on the calculated P0 and the expected planting density ρ 预 Combining formula III, the initial planting area S0 at t = 0 should be 391,300 m 2 Therefore, in 2019, the planting area is 10 plants / m 2 Planting of seahorse teeth 348,000 m 2 As a restoration fulcrum, by 2023, the wetlands in the region have been fully restored ( Figure 2 , Figure 3 ). Compared with conventional vegetation restoration, it saves more than 90% of the planting work.

[0052] Experimental Example 2: Restoration of coastal wetlands in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province A specific implementation case of the invention is located in the Yancheng Wetland Rare Bird National Nature Reserve in Jiangsu Province. The area was originally invaded by Spartina alterniflora. In 2023, the reserve cleared Spartina alterniflora. After the cleaning, the status is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, a total of 20,000 m 2 . Use marsh plant reed ( Phragmites australis ) as pioneer plants, and conducted field trials in degraded wetlands to clarify the various parameters in the equation (Table 2). Since Spartina alterniflora is prone to re-growth after being cleared, it is necessary to quickly restore reed vegetation. The project plans to achieve full coverage of reeds within 2 years, with a planned density of 30 plants / m 2 It is estimated that there will be a total of 600,000 reeds when the project is completed.

[0053] Table 2. Parameters of the coastal wetland restoration case in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province

[0054] After clarifying the parameters, the restoration process was simulated in Python. According to the degraded wetland area S = 20,000 m 2 ; According to the expected planting density ρ 预 30 plants / m 2 , combined with formula III to obtain the final expected plant population P 预 The number of plants is 600,000. According to the requirements of this project, the recovery time is set to 350 days. The initial population size P0 is calculated to be 189,000 plants using Formula I and Formula II. Then, based on the calculated P0 and the expected planting density ρ 预 Combining formula III, the initial planting area S0 at t = 0 should be 6300m 2 Therefore, in May 2023, according to this 30 plants / m 2 Transplanted reed seedlings 6300m 2 As a recovery point ( Figure 5 ), by 2024, the wetlands in the region will be fully restored ( Figure 6 ). Compared with conventional vegetation restoration, it saves more than 90% of the planting work. Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly explaining the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in the relevant field, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to list all the implementation methods here. Any obvious changes or modifications derived from the technical solution of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wetland restoration method based on "ecological leverage", characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Select suitable native pioneer plants and select areas to establish restoration pivots in degraded wetlands; S2: Based on the area S of the degraded wetland and the expected planting density ρ 预 , combined with the following formula III to calculate the expected plant population P of degraded wetlands 预 After setting the recovery time t, the following formulas I and II are used to calculate the initial plant population P0 at t=0, and then according to the initial plant population P0 and the expected planting density ρ 预 , calculate the initial planting area S0; Where P is the plant population; t is the recovery time; r is the maximum plant growth rate; N is the soil nutrient index; k is the soil nutrient index corresponding to half of the maximum plant growth rate r; a is the plant mortality rate; A is the rate of exogenous nutrient input; b is the nutrients absorbed from the soil by plant growth; c is the nutrient input into the soil by each dead plant; S is the planting area; and ρ is the planting density.

2. A wetland restoration method based on "ecological leverage" according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wetland restoration fulcrum refers to the area where pioneer plants overcome environmental stress and successfully establish themselves.

3. A wetland restoration method based on "ecological leverage" according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: S3: artificially planting pioneer plants in the selected area for establishing the recovery fulcrum according to the calculated initial planting area S0 to establish a preliminary recovery fulcrum.

4. A wetland restoration method based on "ecological leverage" according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expected planting density ρ 预 According to the "Dongting Lake Wetland Short-pointed Sedge Grass ( Carex Brevicuspis ) The method described in the article "Adaptation of population clonal growth to siltation".

5. A wetland restoration method based on "ecological leverage" according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, selecting suitable native pioneer plants refers to selecting pioneer plants according to the method described in the article "Study on the niche and interspecific connectivity of dominant herbaceous plants in wetlands in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in Henan Province".

6. A wetland restoration method based on "ecological leverage" according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the areas selected to establish restoration fulcrums in degraded wetlands refer to areas with slopes less than 10°, field water holding capacity >15%, pH value 6.5-8.5, soil total nitrogen >500mg / kg, total phosphorus >300mg / kg, total potassium >5g / kg, and soil organic matter content >6g / kg as the areas to establish restoration fulcrums.

7. A wetland restoration method based on "ecological leverage" according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving force mentioned above refers to the use of plant diffusion and plant-soil feedback as driving forces to drive the comprehensive restoration of wetlands in an ecological self-organizing manner.

8. A wetland restoration method based on "ecological leverage" according to claim 1, characterized in that: Clear invasive plants before S1; And / or, the invasive plants include: Spartina alterniflora, Sonneratia apetala, and Laguania lappa.

9. A wetland restoration method based on "ecological leverage" according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The wetlands mentioned herein refer to degraded wetlands, wetlands to be restored, or wetlands that have not been restored.

10. A wetland restoration method based on "ecological leverage" according to any one of claims 1-3 and 5, characterized in that: The pioneer plants are selected from: seahorse, sedge, reed, sea sedge, rough-leaved sedge, Tamarix, Avicennia marina, and Paulownia chinensis.

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