Antenna unit, antenna array and communication device

Abstract

The invention provides an antenna unit, an antenna array and communication equipment, the antenna unit comprises a first layer substrate and a second layer substrate, the first layer substrate is one surface of the antenna unit, the second layer substrate is the other surface of the antenna unit, the surface of the second layer substrate is provided with a radiation patch, and the radiation patch is arranged between the first layer substrate and the second layer substrate. The dielectric plate is located between the first-layer substrate and the second-layer substrate and comprises a metal conduction band layer, a metal grounding layer and a liquid crystal material layer located between the metal conduction band layer and the metal grounding layer, a first graphene layer is arranged on one surface of the side edge part of the metal conduction band layer, and a second graphene layer is arranged on the other surface of the side edge part of the metal conduction band layer. The technical problem that in the prior art, devices such as a semiconductor device and a liquid crystal phase shifter cannot effectively give consideration to the antenna array implementation cost and the antenna phase regulation and control effect is solved, regulation and control of the antenna array phase and amplitude are achieved, and beam scanning and beam forming are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to an antenna unit, an antenna array and a communication device. Background Art

[0002] In related technologies, antenna arrays usually use semiconductor devices to achieve antenna phase and amplitude control. However, semiconductor devices are difficult and costly to use in high-frequency bands. Liquid crystals have low loss in high-frequency bands and continuous electrical anisotropy. However, using liquid crystal phase shifters instead of semiconductor phase shifters cannot achieve beam control of the antenna array.

[0003] Under these methods, it is not possible to effectively take into account both the low-cost beam control of the antenna array and the antenna phase control. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to some extent.

[0005] To this end, the first purpose of the present application is to propose an antenna unit to solve the technical problem in the prior art that semiconductor devices and devices such as liquid crystal phase shifters cannot effectively take into account both the cost of antenna array implementation and the effect of antenna phase control, so as to realize the control of the phase and amplitude of the antenna array and realize beam scanning and beam shaping.

[0006] The second objective of the present application is to provide an antenna array.

[0007] The third objective of the present application is to provide a communication device.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the first aspect embodiment of the present application proposes an antenna unit, comprising: a first substrate, wherein the first substrate is one surface of the antenna unit; a second substrate, wherein the second substrate is another surface of the antenna unit, and a radiation patch is arranged on the surface of the second substrate; a dielectric plate located between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the dielectric plate includes: a metal conduction layer and a metal grounding layer, and a liquid crystal material layer located between the metal conduction layer and the metal grounding layer, a first graphene layer is arranged on one surface of a side portion of the metal conduction layer, and a second graphene layer is arranged on the other surface opposite to the one surface.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the second aspect embodiment of the present application proposes an antenna array, comprising: M×N antenna units as the first aspect embodiment of the present application, wherein the values ​​of M and N are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the third aspect of the present application provides a communication device, including: an antenna array as the third aspect of the present application.

[0011] The antenna unit, antenna array and communication device provided by the present application propose an antenna unit comprising: a first substrate, wherein the first substrate is one surface of the antenna unit; a second substrate, wherein the second substrate is another surface of the antenna unit, and a radiation patch is arranged on the surface of the second substrate; a dielectric plate located between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the dielectric plate includes: a metal conduction layer and a metal grounding layer, and a liquid crystal material layer located between the metal conduction layer and the metal grounding layer, a first graphene layer is arranged on one surface of a side portion of the metal conduction layer, and a second graphene layer is arranged on the other surface opposite to the one surface, thereby solving the technical problem in the prior art that semiconductor devices and devices such as liquid crystal phase shifters cannot effectively take into account both the cost of antenna array realization and the effect of antenna phase control, thereby realizing the control of the phase and amplitude of the antenna array, and realizing beam scanning and beam shaping.

[0012] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become apparent from the description below, or will be learned through the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0014] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0015] Figure 2 A top view of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0016] Figure 3 A side view of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0017] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a reflection curve of a phased array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the normal gain direction provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the normal axis ratio provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Fig. 9is a schematic diagram of scanning simulation gain direction provided in an embodiment of the present application; and

[0023] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the scanning simulation axis ratio provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0025] The antenna unit, antenna array and communication device according to the embodiments of the present application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] To address this problem, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna unit to achieve control of the phase and amplitude of the antenna array, and to achieve beam scanning and beam forming, such as Figure 1 As shown, the antenna unit 10 includes:

[0028] The first substrate 101 is a surface of the antenna unit 10 .

[0029] The substrate refers to the material used to support and layout the antenna elements in the antenna unit. The substrate provides a mechanical support structure for the antenna elements in the antenna unit 10. The mechanical strength and stiffness requirements of the antenna unit can be met by selecting a substrate of appropriate material and thickness.

[0030] Among them, the first layer substrate 101 is a surface of the antenna unit 10. The first layer substrate 101 refers to the lower layer substrate located in the three-dimensional structure of the antenna unit 10. That is to say, the first layer substrate 101 is the lower surface substrate of the antenna unit 10. The material type of the first layer substrate 101 can be glass. The thickness of the first layer substrate 101 is 0.3 mm and the relative dielectric constant is 4.8.

[0031] The second substrate 102 is another surface of the antenna unit 10 , and a radiation patch 103 is disposed on the surface of the second substrate 102 .

[0032] Among them, the second layer substrate 102 is another surface of the antenna unit 10 except the first layer substrate 101. The second layer substrate 102 refers to the upper layer substrate of the antenna unit 10. Accordingly, the material type of the second layer substrate 102 can be glass. The thickness of the second layer substrate 102 is 0.3 mm and the relative dielectric constant is 4.8.

[0033] A dielectric plate is located between a first substrate 101 and a second substrate 102, wherein the dielectric plate includes: a metal conduction layer 104 and a metal grounding layer 105, and a liquid crystal material layer 106 located between the metal conduction layer 104 and the metal grounding layer 105, a first graphene layer is arranged on one surface of a side portion of the metal conduction layer 104, and a second graphene layer is arranged on another surface opposite to the one surface.

[0034] Among them, the dielectric plate can be used as a base for placing antenna elements between two layers of substrates in the antenna unit 10. The dielectric plate includes: a metal conduction layer 104 and a metal grounding layer 105, and a liquid crystal material layer located between the metal conduction layer 104 and the metal grounding layer 105.

[0035] The metal conductive tape layer 104 is a metal conductive layer located on the antenna substrate in the antenna unit 10. The metal conductive tape layer 104 can be used to transmit and radiate electromagnetic signals, guide, concentrate and radiate electromagnetic waves, and can also be used to achieve impedance matching with a power source or other antenna elements. By adjusting the shape, length, width and other parameters of the metal conductive tape layer 104, it can achieve appropriate impedance matching with other circuit elements, thereby improving energy transmission efficiency.

[0036] Among them, the metal grounding layer 105 refers to a functional structural layer in the antenna unit 10. The functions of the metal grounding layer 105 may include grounding function and shielding function, etc. The grounding function refers to providing a low-impedance loop to release the charge to the ground, thereby realizing the closure and dissipation of the current. The shielding function refers to providing a shielding effect to prevent external electromagnetic interference from entering the antenna unit 10.

[0037] The liquid crystal material layer 106 between the metal conductive layer 104 and the metal grounding layer 105 is a tunable liquid crystal material, and the tunable liquid crystal material is packaged between the glass substrates as a tuning medium.

[0038] In the embodiment of the present application, a dielectric plate is arranged in the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102. The dielectric plate serves as a base for placing an antenna element between the two substrates, and includes: a metal conduction layer 104 and a metal grounding layer 105, and a liquid crystal material layer 106 located between the metal conduction layer 104 and the metal grounding layer 105. A first graphene layer is arranged on one surface of a side portion of the metal conduction layer 104, and a second graphene layer is arranged on the other surface opposite to the one surface.

[0039] Optionally, in some embodiments, the first graphene layer, the side portion of the metal conduction band layer, and the second graphene layer form a sandwich structure.

[0040] In this embodiment, the first graphene layer, the side portion of the metal conduction band layer, and the second graphene layer form a sandwich structure, and the sandwich structure can be used as an attenuator to block or weaken the strength of the antenna unit signal.

[0041] Optionally, in some embodiments, the number of the side portions of the metal conductive tape layer 104 is one or two.

[0042] In the present embodiment, the number of side portions of the metal conduction tape layer 104 is one or two, that is, a graphene sandwich structure can be laid on one opposite side or two opposite sides of the metal conduction tape layer 104, wherein the length of the four sections of the graphene sandwich core structure are all 3.2 mm, three are wide and one is narrow, and the widths are respectively 0.3 mm and 0.1 mm. By applying a bias voltage to the graphene sandwich core structure, the surface impedance of the graphene is adjusted, and then the insertion loss of the transmission line is adjusted. At the same time, it can be ensured that the return loss is always small, and the amplitude regulation is achieved by utilizing the function of attenuating electromagnetic waves.

[0043] Optionally, in some embodiments, the metal conductive tape layer 104 is an inverted microstrip spiral structure, and the metal conductive tape layer 104 includes a feeding end, and the feeding end is a T-shaped structure.

[0044] The feeding end refers to the connection point between the antenna unit and the signal transceiver.

[0045] The inverted microstrip spiral structure refers to placing a spiral conductive path at the bottom of a dielectric substrate. The inverted microstrip spiral structure can be used to achieve broadband and omnidirectional radiation of the antenna unit 10 .

[0046] In this embodiment, the metal conduction layer 104 as a phase shifter adopts an inverted microstrip spiral structure. The material of the metal conduction layer 104 is copper. The thickness of the metal conduction layer 104 is 0.005 mm. The metal conduction layer 104 includes a feeding end, and the feeding end is designed as a T-shaped structure.

[0047] Optionally, in some embodiments, a bias voltage is applied to the sandwich structure to adjust the surface impedance of the first graphene layer and / or the second graphene layer, wherein the antenna unit amplitude can be controlled when the surface impedance of the first graphene layer and / or the second graphene layer is adjusted.

[0048] In this embodiment, a liquid crystal material layer 106 is selected to be filled between the metal conduction layer 104 and the metal ground plane 105. The first graphene layer, the side portion of the metal conduction layer 104, and the second graphene layer form a sandwich structure. The metal conduction layer 104 is used for both loading the microwave load line to be phase-shifted and controlling the drive electrode. By applying a bias voltage to the sandwich structure, the carrier concentration of the first graphene layer and / or the second graphene layer can be adjusted to adjust the surface impedance of the first graphene layer and / or the second graphene layer. When the surface impedance of the first graphene layer and / or the second graphene layer is adjusted, the amplitude of the antenna unit can be controlled, thereby achieving amplitude modulation.

[0049] Optionally, in some embodiments, the radiation patch 103 serves as a radiator and also as a positive electrode of the bias voltage, and the metal grounding layer 105 serves as a reflection surface and also as a negative electrode of the bias voltage.

[0050] In this embodiment, the radiation patch 103 and the metal ground layer 105 can simultaneously act as the radiator of the antenna and the positive electrode of the bias voltage. In the antenna unit 10, the radiation patch 103 is an element used to radiate or receive electromagnetic waves. By applying a bias voltage, the radiation patch 103 will oscillate and radiate electromagnetic waves to achieve wireless communication. The metal ground layer 105 acts as a reflecting surface to enhance the radiation effect of the antenna. At the same time, the radiation patch 103 can also be used as the negative electrode of the bias voltage.

[0051] In this embodiment, a constant bias voltage is applied to the antenna unit 10 to adjust the working state of the antenna unit 10. The radiation patch 103 can be used as the positive electrode of the bias voltage, and the metal ground layer 105 can be used as the negative electrode of the bias voltage. In this way, the radiation patch 103 and the metal ground layer 105 integrate the radiation and bias functions of the antenna, simplifying the structural design of the antenna. At the same time, the radiation patch 103 and the metal ground layer 105 can cooperate with each other to improve the performance of the antenna unit, enhance the radiation directivity of the antenna unit 10, and reduce the radiation attenuation in other directions.

[0052] Optionally, in some embodiments, the liquid crystal material layer 106 includes nematic liquid crystal.

[0053] The nematic liquid crystal is a liquid crystal material with a highly ordered molecular arrangement structure and controllable properties. The thickness of the nematic liquid crystal contained in the liquid crystal material layer 106 is 0.05 mm.

[0054] Optionally, in some embodiments, a bias voltage is applied to the liquid crystal material layer 106 to adjust the liquid crystal dielectric constant of the liquid crystal material layer 106 , wherein the phase of the antenna unit 10 can be controlled when the liquid crystal dielectric constant is adjusted.

[0055] In this embodiment, a nematic liquid crystal material is selected as the liquid crystal material layer 106 to be filled between the metal conduction layer 104 and the metal ground plate 105. The thickness of the liquid crystal material layer 106 is 0.05 mm. By applying a bias voltage to the liquid crystal material layer 106, the bias voltage changes the liquid crystal dielectric constant to achieve a phase shift effect. In the absence of a bias voltage, the liquid crystal dielectric constant is ε ⊥ , a bias voltage is applied between the metal conduction layer 104 and the metal ground plane 105. When the liquid crystal material layer 106 reaches full bias, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal material layer 106 is ε ∥ , at this time, the maximum differential phase shift is generated, as shown in the expression As shown, is the phase shift degree, f is the frequency, and l is the length of the phase shifter. According to the beam pointing principle, the phase difference between units can be calculated from the beam pointing, and then the required dielectric constant can be obtained using the above formula, and then the bias voltage is used to change the liquid crystal dielectric constant of the liquid crystal material layer 106 to achieve the purpose of phase shift.

[0056] Optionally, in some embodiments, the metal ground layer 105 includes a feeding slot, wherein the metal conductive tape layer 105 is fed based on the feeding slot.

[0057] Among them, the feeding slot refers to the antenna element used to feed the metal conductive layer 105, which is used to realize the introduction and transmission of signals so that the antenna unit can work normally and radiate electromagnetic waves. The feeding slot is the gap or connection point between two metal conductors, which is used to transmit the feeding signal to the antenna structure.

[0058] In summary, the metal grounding layer 105 is made of copper with a thickness of 0.005 mm. The metal grounding layer 105 includes a feeding slot. A dumbbell-shaped feeding slot is etched on the metal grounding layer 105 for feeding the upper metal conductive tape layer 105. In the antenna unit 10, the metal grounding layer 105 can be used as a reflecting surface to provide the radiation effect of the antenna. When feeding the antenna unit 10, the signal can be introduced into the metal conductive tape layer 105 or the radiation patch 103 through the feeding slot. By setting the feeding slot on the metal grounding layer 105, the feeding signal can be introduced into the metal conductive tape layer 105, so that the electrical signal can interact with the metal conductive tape layer 105 at the feeding slot, and propagate and radiate in the structure of the antenna unit 10.

[0059] Optionally, in some embodiments, the radiation patch 103 has been subjected to an angle cutting process, wherein the angle cutting radiation patch 103 is used for the antenna unit to realize circular polarization radiation.

[0060] In this embodiment, the material of the second substrate 102 is glass with a thickness of 0.3 mm. The radiation patch 103 is cut to achieve circular polarization radiation of the antenna unit 10. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, Figure 2 This is a top view of the antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present application. It can be seen from the figure that the radiation patch 201 has been cut off. Figure 3 The side view of the antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present application shows that the antenna unit 30 includes: a first substrate 301, a second substrate 302, a radiation patch 303 with a cut corner disposed on the surface of the second substrate 302, a metal conduction tape layer 304, a metal grounding layer 305, and a liquid crystal material layer 306 located between the metal conduction tape 304 and the metal grounding layer 305.

[0061] Optionally, in some embodiments, the first substrate and the second substrate are glass dielectric substrates respectively.

[0062] In the embodiment of the present application, the first substrate and the second substrate are respectively glass dielectric substrates, and the thickness of the glass dielectric substrate may be 0.3 mm.

[0063] In the embodiment of the present application, the size of the antenna unit is 0.6λ, and the phase shifter and attenuator of the antenna unit are integrated on the same layer and placed under the radiation patch, which can simultaneously realize the regulation of amplitude and phase, thereby realizing the low profile and miniaturization of the antenna unit, thereby meeting more flexible beam control requirements.

[0064] For example, Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 The three-dimensional structure diagram of the antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present application is shown in the figure. The low sidelobe graphene phased array antenna proposed in the embodiment of the present application uses glass as a substrate, and a tunable liquid crystal material is encapsulated between the glass substrates as a tuning medium and an integrated microstrip phase shifter is used to replace the traditional semiconductor phase shifter. A graphene sandwich structure is laid on one or both sides of the conduction strip to form an attenuator. A slot-coupled feeding structure is used to feed the microstrip patch, and the patch is cut to achieve circular polarization radiation. Figure 4 As shown, the antenna unit is composed of the first substrate 101, a metal conduction layer with a graphene sandwich structure laid on the side, a liquid crystal material layer (nematic liquid crystal material), a metal ground layer, a second substrate and a radiation patch from bottom to top. The three-dimensional schematic diagram of each layer is shown in FIG. Figure 1 shown.

[0065] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0066] like Figure 5 An antenna array includes: M×N antenna units as in the above embodiment, wherein the values ​​of M and N are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0067] In the embodiment of the present application, an antenna array may be composed of multiple antenna units, and the antenna array may be composed of M×N antenna units described in the above embodiment, where the values ​​of M and N are positive integers greater than or equal to 1. For example, Figure 5 As shown, by using the above antenna units to form a 2*10 array antenna, the feeding amplitude and phase distribution required for antenna unit beam scanning and shaping can be calculated based on the genetic algorithm, and the corresponding bias voltage is loaded on the liquid crystal material layer and the graphene sandwich structure to complete the amplitude modulation and phase modulation required for the above calculation, and finally realize the low sidelobe beam radiation of the phased array antenna, as shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 : is a schematic diagram of the reflection curve of the phased array antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application. The antenna array has a normal gain direction of 30 GHz. Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the normal gain direction provided in the embodiment of the present application, the normal axis of the antenna array is such as Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the normal axis ratio provided in the embodiment of the present application, and the scanning simulation gain direction of the antenna array is as follows Fig. 9 As shown, Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the scanning simulation gain direction provided in the embodiment of the present application, and the scanning simulation axis is as follows: Fig.10 As shown, Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the scanning simulation axial ratio provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the simulation results show that the reflection of the antenna array in the 29.5-30.3GHz frequency band is less than -10.0dB, the normal gain is 18.5dBi at 30.0GHz, the axial ratio is 0.4dB, and the sidelobe level is -19.1dB. When scanning to 30°, the gain is 17.6dBi, the axial ratio is 1.1dB, and the sidelobe level is -18.0dB.

[0068] The embodiment of the present application provides a low sidelobe graphene phased array antenna, wherein the phase shifter of the antenna unit in the antenna array adopts an inverted microstrip spiral structure, the metal conduction band layer serves as both the microwave loading line to be phase-shifted and the control driving electrode, and a graphene sandwich structure is laid on both sides or one side of the conduction band to form an attenuator, and the phase shifter and the attenuator are integrated into one by an interlocking layout, thereby further simplifying the antenna structure, and the phase shifting ability of the phase shifter is enhanced or weakened according to actual conditions by increasing or decreasing the length of the conduction band, and the attenuation ability of the attenuator is enhanced or weakened by increasing or decreasing the length or width of the graphene sandwich core structure, and the antenna unit can be used to form a periodic or non-periodic array, and the amplitude and phase of the antenna unit can be simultaneously controlled. By adopting a beam control algorithm, the array can achieve more flexible beam shaping, and the use of graphene and liquid crystal materials has lower cost than traditional semiconductor transistor (Transistor, TR) chips, especially in the high-frequency field.

[0069] Compared with the traditional phased array antenna in the related art, the phased array antenna proposed in the embodiment of the present application adopts graphene and liquid crystal materials, can simultaneously control the antenna amplitude and phase, has lower cost, and has broad application prospects in the high-frequency field.

[0070] An embodiment of the present application also provides a communication device, including: an antenna array as described in the above embodiment.

[0071] In the description of the aforementioned embodiments, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0072] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0073] A person skilled in the art may understand that all or part of the steps in the method for implementing the above-mentioned embodiment may be completed by instructing related hardware through a program, and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which, when executed, includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiment.

[0074] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into a processing module, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one module. The above-mentioned integrated module may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional module. If the integrated module is implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0075] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations on the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field can change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An antenna unit, characterized in that: include: A first substrate, wherein the first substrate is a surface of the antenna unit; A second substrate, wherein the second substrate is another surface of the antenna unit, and a radiation patch is provided on the surface of the second substrate; A dielectric plate located between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the dielectric plate includes: a metal conduction layer and a metal grounding layer, and a liquid crystal material layer located between the metal conduction layer and the metal grounding layer, a first graphene layer is arranged on one surface of a side portion of the metal conduction layer, and a second graphene layer is arranged on the other surface opposite to the one surface.

2. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The first graphene layer, the side portion of the metal conduction band layer, and the second graphene layer form a sandwich structure.

3. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The number of the side portions of the metal conductive layer is one or two.

4. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The metal conductive strip layer is an inverted microstrip spiral structure, and the metal conductive strip layer includes a feeding end, and the feeding end is a T-shaped structure.

5. The antenna unit according to claim 2, characterized in that A bias voltage is applied to the sandwich structure to adjust the surface impedance of the first graphene layer and / or the second graphene layer; wherein the antenna unit amplitude can be controlled when the surface impedance of the first graphene layer and / or the second graphene layer is adjusted.

6. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The radiation patch serves as a radiator and also as a positive electrode of the bias voltage, and the metal grounding layer serves as a reflection surface and also as a negative electrode of the bias voltage.

7. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The liquid crystal material layer includes nematic liquid crystal.

8. The antenna unit according to claim 7, characterized in that A bias voltage is applied to the liquid crystal material layer to adjust the liquid crystal dielectric constant of the liquid crystal material layer; wherein, when the liquid crystal dielectric constant is adjusted, the phase of the antenna unit can be controlled.

9. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The metal ground layer comprises a feeding slot, wherein the metal conductive strip layer is fed based on the feeding slot.

10. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The radiation patch has been subjected to an angle cutting process, wherein the angle cutting radiation patch is used for the antenna unit to realize circular polarization radiation.

11. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The first substrate and the second substrate are glass dielectric substrates respectively.

12. An antenna array, characterized in that: include: M×N antenna units according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the values ​​of M and N are positive integers greater than or equal to 1.

13. A communication device, characterized in that: Comprising the antenna array as claimed in claim 12.

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