Differential bridge structure and communication system

Abstract

The invention provides a differential bridge structure and a communication system, the differential bridge structure comprises at least two bridge modules, and the bridge modules are configured to be single-ended input and double-ended output; the bridge module comprises a load, a first coupling line with an input end and a straight-through end which are opposite to each other, and a second coupling line with a coupling end and an isolation end which are opposite to each other; wherein the input end is configured to receive differential signals, the isolation end is configured to be grounded after being connected with a load in series, and the direct connection end and the coupling end are configured to enable the phase difference of output signals to be kept 90 degrees. In the scheme, the phase difference between the output signals of the straight-through end and the coupling end is kept at 90 degrees, that is, the two output signals are orthogonal signals, the orthogonality can be used for demodulation, signal separation or signal synthesis, the signal processing capacity is enhanced, and the signal processing flexibility of the differential bridge structure is improved; and the load is grounded at the isolation end, so that the consumption of coupling energy is reduced, the noise and distortion of the signal in the transmission process are reduced, and the integrity of the signal is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of integrated circuits, and in particular to a differential bridge structure and a communication system. Background Art

[0002] In the fields of navigation, drones and satellite communications, GNSS antennas are a key factor affecting communication quality, and the feeding network that provides stable excitation for GNSS antennas also directly affects the performance stability of the entire satellite navigation system.

[0003] At present, there are two schemes for the design of feeding networks. One is to use components such as hybrid circulators and orthogonal couplers to realize signal transmission and distribution through microstrip line technology. However, the disadvantage of this scheme is that its physical size is large, which limits its use in application scenarios with limited space. The operating frequency band is relatively narrow and can only work within a limited frequency range. It cannot meet the communication system's demand for a wider operating frequency band. The phase shift accuracy error is large, resulting in inaccurate measurement results. The other is to integrate wide-edge directional couplers and transmission line phase shifters on a ceramic substrate, and use an upper and lower layered structure to design a more compact four-phase directional coupler. This scheme reduces the physical volume to a certain extent, but its design cost is high, the operating frequency band is still limited, and a wider frequency range cannot be achieved. In addition, the amplitude and phase flatness is poor, which affects the dynamic performance of the signal.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a circuit structure with balanced bandwidth, amplitude and phase is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a differential bridge structure and a communication system, which realizes effective processing of differential signals through a bridge module and improves the flexibility of the differential bridge structure in processing signals.

[0006] In a first aspect, a differential bridge structure is provided, comprising at least two bridge modules, wherein the bridge modules are configured for single-ended input and double-ended output;

[0007] The bridge module includes a load, a first coupled line having an opposite input end and a through end, and a second coupled line having an opposite coupled end and an isolated end;

[0008] The input end is configured to receive a differential signal, the isolation end is configured to be connected in series with a load and then grounded, and the through end and the coupling end are configured to maintain a phase difference of 90° for the output signal.

[0009] Preferably, the first coupling line and the second coupling line both have a first electrical length, and the first electrical length is determined according to an operating frequency band of the bridge module.

[0010] Preferably, the differential bridge structure further includes an impedance transformation module, and the impedance transformation module is configured to input an original signal at a single end and output a differential signal to the bridge module at a double end;

[0011] The phase difference of the differential signal outputted from both ends is kept at 180°.

[0012] Preferably, the number of bridge modules includes two, and the differential signal output from both ends of the impedance transformation module passes through the two bridge modules and is output through the through ends and coupling ends corresponding to different bridge modules, and the phase difference of the signals output from the four ports is maintained at 90°.

[0013] Preferably, the impedance transformation module includes an LC resonance component and a balun transformation component, the LC resonance component is configured to receive an original signal and transform a first impedance of the original signal into a second impedance, and the balun transformation component is configured to receive the original signal after the impedance transformation of the LC resonance component, transform the second impedance into a third impedance and then output it to the bridge module;

[0014] The first impedance is greater than the second impedance, and the third impedance is greater than the second impedance.

[0015] Preferably, the LC resonant component includes a plurality of capacitors and a plurality of inductors, and the electrical parameters of the capacitors and inductors are determined according to the working frequency band of the impedance transformation module; and / or,

[0016] The balun transformation component includes a plurality of first coil pairs, wherein the coils in the first coil pairs all have a first impedance parameter and a second electrical length, and the first impedance parameter and the second electrical length are determined according to the working frequency band of the impedance transformation module.

[0017] Preferably, the impedance conversion module comprises a first impedance converter and a second impedance converter, the first impedance converter is configured to receive the original signal and convert the fourth impedance of the original signal into a fifth impedance, and the second impedance converter is configured to receive the original signal after the impedance conversion by the first impedance converter, convert the fifth impedance into a sixth impedance and output it to the bridge module;

[0018] The fourth impedance is greater than the fifth impedance, and the sixth impedance is greater than the fifth impedance.

[0019] Preferably, the first impedance converter and the second impedance converter both include a second coil pair, and the coils in the second coil pair both have a second impedance parameter and a third electrical length, and the second impedance parameter and the third electrical length are determined according to the operating frequency band of the impedance conversion module.

[0020] Preferably, the impedance transformation module and the bridge module are vertically interconnected in space.

[0021] In a second aspect, a communication system is provided, including a radio frequency module, and the differential bridge structure provided in the first aspect connected to the radio frequency module.

[0022] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, the following technical effects are disclosed:

[0023] In the technical solution of the present application, a differential bridge structure and a communication system are provided, wherein the differential bridge structure includes at least two bridge modules, and the bridge modules are configured for single-ended input and double-ended output; the bridge module includes a load, a first coupling line having a relative input end and a through end, and a second coupling line having a relative coupling end and an isolation end; wherein the input end is configured to receive a differential signal, the isolation end is configured to be connected in series with the load and then grounded, and the through end and the coupling end are configured to maintain a phase difference of 90° for the output signal. In the scheme, the differential signal is effectively processed through the bridge module. The bridge module adopts the transmission mode of the first coupling line and the second coupling line, which improves the signal transmission quality and the anti-interference ability of the bridge module; the phase difference of the output signal of the through end and the coupling end is maintained at 90°, which means that the two output signals are orthogonal signals. The orthogonality can be used for demodulation, signal separation or signal synthesis, which enhances the signal processing capability and improves the flexibility of the differential bridge structure in processing signals; the load is grounded at the isolation end, which reduces the consumption of coupling energy, helps to reduce the noise and distortion of the signal during transmission, and ensures the integrity and accuracy of the signal. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a differential line provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a differential bridge structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the return loss test results of the differential bridge structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the insertion loss test results of each port of the differential bridge structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of average insertion loss test results of a differential bridge structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 6Schematic diagram of the isolation test results of each port of the differential bridge structure provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the phase shift test results of each port of the differential bridge structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 8 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the structure of the impedance transformation module provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Fig. 9 It is one of the schematic diagrams of the return loss and insertion loss of the impedance transformation module provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Fig.10 This is the second schematic diagram of the structure of the impedance transformation module provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Fig.11 This is a second schematic diagram of the return loss and insertion loss of the impedance transformation module provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Fig.12 It is a connection diagram of the impedance transformation module and the bridge module provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Reference numerals: 10, load; 101, first resistor; 102, second resistor; 20, first coupling line; 21, input terminal; 21a, first input terminal; 21b, second input terminal; 22, through terminal; 22a, first through terminal; 22b, second through terminal; 30, second coupling line; 31, coupling terminal; 31a, first coupling terminal; 31b, second coupling terminal; 32, isolation terminal; 32a, first isolation terminal; 32b, second isolation terminal; 40. Impedance transformation module; 41. Original signal; 42. Differential signal; 421. First differential signal; 422. Second differential signal; 50. Bridge module; 501. First bridge module; 502. Second bridge module; 60. First original signal input terminal; 70. Inductor; 80. Capacitor; 90. First coil pair; 100. Second original signal input terminal; 110. Second coil pair; 120. Third coil pair; 130. Interconnection via. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments in the present application belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0039] Combined with the background technology, it can be known that at present, there are two schemes for the design of the feeding network. One is to use components such as hybrid circulators and orthogonal couplers to realize signal transmission and distribution through microstrip line technology. However, the disadvantage of this scheme is that its physical size is large, which limits its use in application scenarios with limited space. The working frequency band is relatively narrow and can only work within a limited frequency range. It cannot meet the communication system's demand for a wider working frequency band. The phase shift accuracy error is large, resulting in inaccurate measurement results; the other is to integrate wide-edge directional couplers and transmission line phase shifters on a ceramic substrate, and use an upper and lower layered structure to design a more compact four-phase directional coupler. This scheme reduces the physical volume to a certain extent, but its design cost is high, the working frequency band is still limited, and a wider frequency range cannot be achieved, and the amplitude and phase flatness is poor, which affects the dynamic performance of the signal.

[0040] To solve one or more of the above problems, the present application aims to provide a differential bridge structure and a communication system to improve the flexibility of the differential bridge structure in processing signals.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] Embodiment 1 of the present application provides a differential bridge structure, referring to Figure 1 The differential line schematic and Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the differential bridge structure shown includes at least two bridge modules 50, and the bridge module 50 is configured for single-ended input and double-ended output; the bridge module 50 includes a load 10, a first coupling line 20 having a relative input terminal 21 and a through terminal 22, and a second coupling line 30 having a relative coupling terminal 31 and an isolation terminal 32; wherein the input terminal 21 is configured to receive a differential signal, the isolation terminal 32 is configured to be connected in series with the load 10 and then grounded, and the through terminal 22 and the coupling terminal 31 are configured to maintain a phase difference of 90° between the output signal.

[0043] In the scheme, the differential signal is effectively processed by the bridge module 50. The bridge module 50 adopts the transmission mode of the first coupling line 20 and the second coupling line 30, which improves the signal transmission quality and the anti-interference ability of the bridge module 50; the phase difference of the output signal of the through end 22 and the coupling end 31 is maintained at 90°, which means that the two output signals are orthogonal signals. The orthogonality can be used for demodulation, signal separation or signal synthesis, which enhances the signal processing capability and improves the flexibility of the differential bridge structure in processing signals; the load 10 is grounded at the isolation end 32, which reduces the consumption of coupling energy, helps to reduce the noise and distortion of the signal during transmission, and ensures the integrity and accuracy of the signal.

[0044] In practical applications, two transmission lines of equal length are often arranged to achieve differential symmetry of single-ended input signals. The positive signal in the generated differential signal is input to the input end of the first bridge module, and the negative signal is input to the input end of the second bridge module. Due to the different capacitance and inductance values ​​between the two lines, their impedances will be different, thus affecting the balance of the signal. In addition, this wiring method is prone to close contact with other lines, components, etc., and is easily affected by external noise, interference and other factors, resulting in poor anti-interference of the single-ended input signal, which in turn causes circuit abnormalities and affects the stability of the system.

[0045] In order to solve the above problems, the embodiment of the present application continues to provide an impedance transformation module, and provides a connection method between the impedance transformation module and the bridge module to improve the accuracy of the differential signal and ensure the stability and reliability of signal transmission.

[0046] Preferably, reference Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the differential bridge structure shown in the figure further includes an impedance transformation module 40, which is configured to input an original signal 41 at a single end and output a differential signal 42 at a double end to a bridge module 50; wherein the phase difference of the differential signal 42 output at the double end is maintained at 180°.

[0047] Among them, the setting of the impedance transformation module 40 realizes the conversion of single-ended signal to differential signal, ensuring that the output signal has a specific phase difference. The original signal 41 is generated by an external signal source, and the differential signal 42 is two signals with the same amplitude but opposite phases, and the phase difference of 180° is maintained between the signals to suppress common mode noise. Through the transmission of the differential signal 42, the integrity of the signal is improved and the influence of electromagnetic interference is reduced. At the same time, the impedance transformation module 40 can achieve the best impedance matching between the input original signal 41 and the bridge module 50, thereby reducing signal reflection and transmission loss.

[0048] Preferably, the number of bridge modules includes two, and the differential signal output from both ends of the impedance transformation module passes through the two bridge modules and is output through the through ends and coupling ends corresponding to different bridge modules, and the phase difference of the signals output from the four ports is maintained at 90°.

[0049] In some embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figure 2The schematic diagram of the differential bridge structure shown in the figure, the bridge module 50 includes a first bridge module 501 and a second bridge module 502, the load 10 is a resistor, including a first resistor 101 and a second resistor 102, and the differential signal 42 includes a first differential signal 421 and a second differential signal 422; the impedance transformation module 40 single-end inputs the original signal 41, and outputs the first differential signal 421 and the second differential signal 422 of equal amplitude and inverse phase after impedance transformation, the first differential signal 421 is a positive signal, connected to the first input terminal 21a of the first bridge module 501, and the second differential signal 422 is a negative signal. The signal is connected to the second input terminal 21b of the second bridge module 502. At the same time, the first isolation terminal 32a of the first bridge module 501 is grounded through the first resistor 101, and the second isolation terminal 32b of the second bridge module 502 is grounded through the second resistor 102. In this way, the first straight-through terminal 22a and the first coupling terminal 31a of the first bridge module 501, and the second straight-through terminal 22b and the second coupling terminal 31b of the second bridge module 502 output signals with equal power and phases of 0°, -90°, -180° and -270° respectively, forming a four-phase balanced bridge.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present application, the resistance values ​​of the first resistor 101 and the second resistor 102 are equal, both of which are 50Ω; the first input terminal 21a of the first bridge module 501 inputs a signal with an amplitude phase of -3dB∠0°, the first straight-through terminal 22a outputs a signal with an amplitude phase of -6dB∠θ, and the first coupling terminal 31a outputs a signal with an amplitude phase of -6dB∠θ-90°; the second input terminal 21b of the second bridge module 502 inputs a signal with an amplitude phase of -3dB∠-180°, the second straight-through terminal 22b outputs a signal with an amplitude phase of -6dB∠θ-180°, and the second coupling terminal 31b outputs a signal with an amplitude phase of -6dB∠θ-270°. It can be seen that the phase difference of the differential signal is 180°, the amplitude and output power of the four ports are equal, and the phase difference is 90°. The impedance transformation module 40 and the two bridge modules 50 form a four-phase output differential bridge structure, and the operating frequency band increases from 10% to 40%, which is wider than the bandwidth of similar products.

[0051] refer to Figure 3The schematic diagram of the return loss test results of the differential bridge structure shown in the figure, in which S11 represents the original signal 41 of the single-ended input of the impedance transformation module 40, S22 represents the signal output from the through-end of the first bridge module 501, S33 represents the signal output from the coupled end of the first bridge module 501, S44 represents the signal output from the through-end of the second bridge module 502, and S55 represents the signal output from the coupled end of the second bridge module 502. In the frequency band range of 1500MHz to 2300MHz, the return losses of the signals output from the four ports are maintained in the range of -9dB to -15dB, with relatively good impedance matching, which helps to reduce signal reflection and distortion, improve signal transmission efficiency and fidelity, and thus improve the signal transmission quality of the four-phase bridge.

[0052] refer to Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the insertion loss test results of each port of the differential bridge structure shown is, S21 represents the signal output from the through-end of the first bridge module 501, S31 represents the signal output from the coupled end of the first bridge module 501, S41 represents the signal output from the through-end of the second bridge module 502, and S51 represents the signal output from the coupled end of the second bridge module 502. In the frequency band range of 1500MHz to 2300MHz, the insertion loss of the signals output from the four ports is maintained in the range of -6dB to -8dB. Compared with the original feeding network, the loss of signal power during transmission is reduced, thereby improving the signal coverage.

[0053] refer to Figure 5 The diagram shows the average insertion loss test results of the differential bridge structure. Within the frequency band of 1500MHz to 2300MHz, the average insertion loss of the four ports is maintained in the range of -0.9dB to -1dB, and the average loss is less than -1dB, that is, the power attenuation of the signal when passing through the differential bridge structure is small, which is conducive to maintaining the strength and quality of the signal. This shows that within this frequency band, the signal attenuation processing of different frequencies is extremely uniform, ensuring the consistency and reliability of the signal and improving the transmission quality of the signal.

[0054] refer to Figure 6Schematic diagram of the isolation test results of each port of the differential bridge structure shown in FIG. 1 , S32 represents the isolation between the signal output from the coupling end of the first bridge module 501 and the signal output from the through end, S42 represents the isolation between the signal output from the through end of the second bridge module 502 and the signal output from the through end of the first bridge module 501, S52 represents the isolation between the signal output from the coupling end of the second bridge module 502 and the signal output from the through end of the first bridge module 501, and S43 represents the isolation between the signal output from the through end of the second bridge module 502 and the signal output from the through end of the first bridge module 501. S53 is the isolation between the signals output from the coupling end of the first bridge module 501, S54 is the isolation between the signal output from the coupling end of the second bridge module 502 and the signal output from the coupling end of the first bridge module 501, and within the frequency band of 1500MHz to 2300MHz, the isolation between the ports is better than -10dB, which effectively controls the signal crosstalk between the ports, reduces signal interference, and enhances the signal separation capability.

[0055] refer to Figure 7 The schematic diagram of the phase shift test results of each port of the differential bridge structure shown is as follows, S(2, 1) represents the phase of the through end of the first bridge module 501, S(3, 1) represents the phase of the coupled end of the first bridge module 501, S(4, 1) represents the phase of the through end of the second bridge module 502, and S(5, 1) represents the phase of the coupled end of the second bridge module 502. In the frequency band range of 1500MHz to 2300MHz, the phase difference of the four ports is maintained at 90°, and the phase fluctuation is maintained at ±5°, thus realizing a four-phase orthogonal bridge structure. Maintaining a constant phase of the four ports helps to distinguish signals from different ports and enhance the signal separation capability. At the same time, in the communication system, precise phase control can significantly improve the overall performance of the system; a smaller phase fluctuation range helps to reduce phase noise, thereby improving signal stability and reliability.

[0056] Preferably, the first coupling line and the second coupling line both have a first electrical length, and the first electrical length is determined according to an operating frequency band of the bridge module.

[0057] Among them, in the traditional coupler design, the transmission line usually maintains a specific physical length. For example, the parallel coupled line coupler relies on the electromagnetic coupling effect between two parallel transmission lines, that is, when the signal is transmitted on one line, an induced current will be generated on the adjacent line, thereby realizing energy coupling. The length of the transmission line is set to one quarter of the wavelength (λ / 4), and the characteristics of superposition and reverse cancellation during signal transmission are used to achieve a voltage and current phase difference of exactly 90° on the transmission line; however, this fixed length requirement limits the adjustment capability of the working frequency band, making the traditional coupler appear inflexible when facing a communication system with multiple working frequency band requirements. The differential bridge structure provided in the present application is not limited to a specific physical length, and the working frequency band can be changed by adjusting the length of the coupling line to adapt to the communication requirements of different frequency ranges. The staff can adjust the length of the coupling line to the length value corresponding to the working frequency band in advance according to the required working frequency band, and then perform circuit processing, thereby improving the flexible adjustment capability of the working frequency band and ensuring the high precision and high stability of signal transmission.

[0058] It should be noted that the principle of adjusting the length of the coupling line to adjust the working frequency band involves the propagation properties of the electromagnetic wave signal on the coupling line and the impedance matching of the circuit. Specifically, regarding the propagation properties, the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave on the coupling line depends on the electromagnetic properties of the medium, and the wavelength is inversely proportional to the frequency. By changing the length of the coupling line, the phase relationship between the voltage and current at each point on the coupling line can be changed, thereby affecting the response of the entire coupling line at different frequencies. When the length of the coupling line is an integer multiple of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, the voltage and current on the coupling line can form a resonance, thereby enhancing the signal. Conversely, when the length of the coupling line is not an integer multiple of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, no resonance will occur, and the transmission efficiency of the signal is reduced. In addition, by appropriately selecting the length of the coupling line, the bridge module can support broadband or narrowband operation. Broadband operation requires a shorter coupling line to cover a wider frequency range, and narrowband operation requires a longer coupling line to achieve control of a specific frequency. Specifically, regarding impedance matching, the length of the coupling line will affect its impedance characteristics, and the degree of impedance matching between the impedance characteristics and the signal source and the load determines the signal transmission efficiency. By adjusting the length of the differential line, its impedance characteristics can be adjusted to achieve better impedance matching and optimize signal transmission.

[0059] In some embodiments of the present application, constructing a bridge module using a first coupling line and a second coupling line having an electrical length less than λ / 4 is beneficial to simplifying the differential bridge structure and reducing the size of the structure, thereby reducing the installation space and improving space utilization when arranged in a product.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] Embodiment 2 of the present application provides one of the specific configurations of the impedance transformation module based on Embodiment 1.

[0062] In one embodiment of the present application, the impedance transformation module includes an LC resonant component and a balun transformation component, the LC resonant component is configured to receive an original signal and transform a first impedance of the original signal into a second impedance, and the balun transformation component is configured to receive the original signal after impedance transformation by the LC resonant component, transform the second impedance into a third impedance and then output it to the bridge module; wherein the first impedance is greater than the second impedance, and the third impedance is greater than the second impedance.

[0063] Preferably, the LC resonant component includes a plurality of capacitors and a plurality of inductors, and the electrical parameters of the capacitors and inductors are determined according to the operating frequency band of the impedance transformation module; and / or, the Balun transformation component includes a plurality of first coil pairs, and the coils in the first coil pairs all have a first impedance parameter and a second electrical length, and the first impedance parameter and the second electrical length are determined according to the operating frequency band of the impedance transformation module.

[0064] Among them, the LC resonant component uses a combination of capacitors and inductors to create a resonant circuit to provide impedance transformation at a specific resonant frequency. The balun transformation component uses a coil pair to convert the signal into a differential signal to adapt to the input of the bridge module. The gradual impedance transformation of the two facilitates better impedance matching between different circuit components and reduces signal reflection and transmission loss. The first impedance parameter is the odd-mode impedance and even-mode impedance of the coil. The capacitor and inductor of the LC resonant component, as well as the impedance parameters and electrical length of the coil of the balun transformation component can be adjusted, providing an additional way to optimize the operating frequency band of the impedance transformation module. The staff can pre-adjust the length of the coil to the length value corresponding to the operating frequency band according to the required operating frequency band, pre-adjust the impedance parameters of the coil, pre-adjust the electrical parameters of the capacitor and inductor, and then perform circuit processing. This improves the ability to flexibly adjust the operating frequency band and ensures high precision and high stability of signal transmission.

[0065] In some embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figure 8 One of the schematic diagrams of the impedance transformation module shown in the figure, in the first case, the impedance transformation module includes an LC resonance component and a 1:4 balun transformation component; the first original signal input terminal 60 is configured to receive the original signal, and the input impedance of the original signal is 50Ω; the first original signal input terminal 60 is first connected in parallel with the inductor 70, and then in series with the capacitor 80 to adjust the input impedance from 50Ω to 12.5Ω, determine the odd-mode impedance, even-mode impedance and electrical length of the two first coil pairs 90, and convert 12.5Ω into a differential impedance of 100Ω output, thereby realizing impedance transformation from low impedance to high impedance.

[0066] refer to Fig. 9One of the schematic diagrams of the return loss and insertion loss of the impedance transformation module shown, S(1, 1) represents the original signal received by the first original signal input terminal 60, S(2, 2) represents the differential signal output by the Balun transformation component, and the return loss and insertion loss of the differential signal are both small, thereby realizing the miniaturization of the impedance transformation module.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] Embodiment 3 of the present application provides a second specific configuration of an impedance transformation module based on Embodiment 1.

[0069] In another embodiment of the present application, the impedance transformation module includes a first impedance transformer and a second impedance transformer, the first impedance transformer is configured to receive the original signal and transform the fourth impedance of the original signal into a fifth impedance, and the second impedance transformer is configured to receive the original signal after the impedance transformation of the first impedance transformer, transform the fifth impedance thereof into a sixth impedance and output it to the bridge module; wherein the fourth impedance is greater than the fifth impedance, and the sixth impedance is greater than the fifth impedance.

[0070] Preferably, the first impedance converter and the second impedance converter both include a second coil pair, and the coils in the second coil pair both have a second impedance parameter and a third electrical length, and the second impedance parameter and the third electrical length are determined according to the operating frequency band of the impedance conversion module.

[0071] Among them, the impedance transformation module realizes impedance adaptation from the original signal to the bridge module through the cascade of two impedance transformers; the first impedance transformer and the second impedance transformer both adopt a coil pair design, and the second impedance parameter is the odd-mode impedance and even-mode impedance of the coil. The impedance parameters and electrical length of the coil can be adjusted, providing an additional way to optimize the working frequency band of the impedance transformation module. The staff can pre-adjust the length of the coil to the length value corresponding to the working frequency band according to the required working frequency band, pre-adjust the impedance parameters of the coil, and then perform circuit processing, thereby improving the flexible adjustment capability of the working frequency band and ensuring high precision and high stability of signal transmission.

[0072] In some embodiments of this application, reference is made to Fig.10The second schematic diagram of the composition of the impedance transformation module shown in the figure, in the second case, the impedance transformation module includes a 4:1 impedance transformer and a 1:9 impedance transformer; the first impedance transformer is two second coil pairs 110, and the second impedance transformer is three third coil pairs 120; the second original signal input terminal 100 is configured to receive the original signal, and the input impedance of the original signal is 50Ω; first, the odd-mode impedance, even-mode impedance and electrical length of the two second coil pairs 110 are determined, and 50Ω is converted into a differential impedance of 12.5Ω output, and then, the odd-mode impedance, even-mode impedance and electrical length of the three third coil pairs 120 are determined, and the differential impedance of 12.5Ω is converted into a differential impedance of 100Ω output, thereby realizing impedance transformation from low resistance to high resistance.

[0073] In some embodiments of the present application, the third coil pair and the second coil pair are of the same type, and their parameters are the same.

[0074] refer to Fig.11 The second schematic diagram of the return loss and insertion loss of the impedance transformation module shown, S(1, 1) represents the original signal received by the second original signal input terminal 100, S(2, 2) represents the differential signal output by the second impedance converter, the return loss and insertion loss of the differential signal are both small, achieving low loss of the impedance transformation module.

[0075] Example 4

[0076] Embodiment 4 of the present application provides a positional relationship between an impedance transformation module and a bridge module based on embodiments 1 to 3.

[0077] Preferably, reference Fig.12 As shown in the connection diagram of the impedance transformation module and the bridge module, the impedance transformation module 40 and the bridge module are vertically interconnected in space.

[0078] Among them, the balun transformation components in the impedance transformation module are distributed in the form of coil pairs on the M3 to M9 layers of the substrate, the capacitors and inductors of the LC resonant components are mounted in the form of surface mounts on the pads where the M10 layer is located, and the coils in the impedance transformation module 40 adjust the required odd-mode impedance, even-mode impedance, electrical length and other parameters through winding and upper and lower layer interconnection vias 130. At the same time, two bridge modules, namely the first bridge module 501 and the second bridge module 502, are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the impedance transformation module 40. The differential reverse output of the impedance transformation module 40 realizes vertical interconnection with the input ends of the two bridge modules on the M2 to M8 layers. The vertical interconnection reduces the need for long transmission lines, helps to reduce signal attenuation and distortion, and improves signal integrity.

[0079] Example 5

[0080] Embodiment 5 of the present application provides a communication system.

[0081] A communication system includes a radio frequency module and a differential bridge structure provided in Embodiments 1 to 4 connected to the radio frequency module.

[0082] Among them, the differential bridge structure is used to cover a wider operating frequency range, so that the communication system can adapt to changing communication standards and application requirements; the setting of the impedance transformation module enables the communication system to achieve precise impedance matching between the RF module and the differential bridge structure, reducing signal reflection and loss.

[0083] The technical solution provided by the present application is described in detail above. The principle and implementation method of the present application are described in detail using specific examples. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation method and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present application.

Claims

1. A differential bridge structure, characterized in that: The differential bridge structure includes at least two bridge modules, and the bridge modules are configured with single-ended input and double-ended output; The bridge module includes a load, a first coupled line having an opposite input end and a through end, and a second coupled line having an opposite coupling end and an isolation end; The input end is configured to receive a differential signal, the isolation end is configured to be connected in series with the load and then grounded, and the through end and the coupling end are configured to maintain a phase difference of 90° for the output signal.

2. The differential bridge structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first coupling line and the second coupling line both have a first electrical length, and the first electrical length is determined according to an operating frequency band of the bridge module.

3. The differential bridge structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The differential bridge structure further includes an impedance transformation module, wherein the impedance transformation module is configured to input an original signal at a single end and output the differential signal to the bridge module at a double end; The phase difference of the differential signal outputted at both ends is maintained at 180°.

4. The differential bridge structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of the bridge modules includes two. The differential signal output from both ends of the impedance transformation module passes through the two bridge modules and is output through the through ends and the coupling ends corresponding to different bridge modules. The phase difference of the signals output from the four ports is maintained at 90°.

5. The differential bridge structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The impedance transformation module includes an LC resonance component and a balun transformation component, wherein the LC resonance component is configured to receive the original signal and transform the first impedance of the original signal into a second impedance, and the balun transformation component is configured to receive the original signal after the impedance transformation of the LC resonance component, transform the second impedance into a third impedance, and then output it to the bridge module; The first impedance is greater than the second impedance, and the third impedance is greater than the second impedance.

6. The differential bridge structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The LC resonance component includes a plurality of capacitors and a plurality of inductors, and the electrical parameters of the capacitors and the inductors are determined according to the working frequency band of the impedance transformation module; and / or, The balun transformation component includes a plurality of first coil pairs, wherein the coils in the first coil pairs each have a first impedance parameter and a second electrical length, and the first impedance parameter and the second electrical length are determined according to an operating frequency band of the impedance transformation module.

7. The differential bridge structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The impedance conversion module includes a first impedance converter and a second impedance converter, wherein the first impedance converter is configured to receive the original signal and convert the fourth impedance of the original signal into a fifth impedance, and the second impedance converter is configured to receive the original signal after the impedance conversion by the first impedance converter, convert the fifth impedance into a sixth impedance and output it to the bridge module; The fourth impedance is greater than the fifth impedance, and the sixth impedance is greater than the fifth impedance.

8. The differential bridge structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first impedance converter and the second impedance converter each include a second coil pair, the coils in the second coil pair each have a second impedance parameter and a third electrical length, and the second impedance parameter and the third electrical length are determined according to an operating frequency band of the impedance conversion module.

9. The differential bridge structure according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that: The impedance transformation module and the bridge module are vertically interconnected in space.

10. A communication system, characterized in that: The communication system comprises a radio frequency module, and a differential bridge structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 connected to the radio frequency module.

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