Green concrete seedling growing and planting method for acanthus ilicifolius seeds

Abstract

The invention discloses a green concrete seedling growing and planting method for acanthus ilicifolius seeds, which comprises the following steps: uniformly stirring and mixing sea sand, cement, seawater and fertilizer to prepare concrete slurry, then pouring the concrete slurry into a seedling growing pipe, pre-culturing into a blank to prepare green concrete, then implanting the acanthus ilicifolius seeds, and curing and curing to form an integrated green concrete seedling growing pipe. The acanthus ilicifolius seedling culture medium can be directly planted on a field mud flat wetland for acanthus ilicifolius seed seedling culture, so that the integrated function of seed germination, seedling breeding and field planting application can be realized. According to the integrated structure of the green concrete seedling raising pipe, the specific growth rate and the survival rate of acanthus ilicifolius seedlings can be increased, and the cultivation process of acanthus ilicifolius seeds is greatly simplified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of marine engineering materials, and in particular relates to a green concrete seedling cultivation method for Acanthus sphaerocephalus seeds. Background Art

[0003] At present, the traditional mangrove afforestation methods mainly include natural seed hypocotyl afforestation, natural viviparous seedling afforestation and artificial container seedling afforestation. Natural seed hypocotyl or viviparous seedling afforestation have problems such as slow seedling development and low seedling survival rate. Artificial container seedling afforestation has problems such as seedling transplanting process easily damaging the root system, resulting in low planting survival rate and low stand retention rate.

[0004] Acanthus is an evergreen subshrub of the genus Acanthus in the family Acanthaceae. It is an important component of mangroves and often appears on sandy or muddy beaches. It is mostly distributed on the inner edge of mangroves and on both sides of tidal gullies. Acanthus likes light, is not shade-tolerant, is not cold-tolerant, and is not flood-tolerant. In tropical areas, it can reach a maximum height of 0.5 to 1.5 meters. It can consolidate banks and embankments, promote siltation and protect beaches, and prevent erosion by waves. It is an excellent seaside sand-fixing plant. Since the roots of Acanthus can be used as medicine, it can be used to treat male infertility and liver disease. It also has the functions of relieving cough and asthma, clearing away heat and detoxifying, and reducing swelling and dispersing knots. Acanthus is a cryptoviviparous mangrove plant that reproduces sexually with seeds. The flowering period is from January to May, and the fruit ripening period is from April to July. The seeds are contained in the fruit. The peel is fleshy. After peeling, 2 to 4 seeds can be obtained. The seeds are flat and weigh 0.3 to 0.6 g. Since the natural seeds of Acanthus truncatus have no hypocotyls and the viviparous seedlings are too small, they are not suitable for natural seed hypocotyl or viviparous seedling afforestation. Traditionally, artificial container seedling afforestation is mostly adopted: Acanthus truncatus seeds are first used as seedbeds for seedlings, then transplanted into nutrient bags for cultivation, and after being planted in the nursery to qualified seedlings, they are transplanted and planted on the tidal flats of coastal wetlands. However, the roots of artificial container seedlings are easily damaged during the transplanting and planting process, which will lead to low survival rate and retention rate of seedlings. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to develop new models for seed germination, seedling rapid propagation and planting of Acanthus truncatus. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a green concrete seedling planting method for Acanthus truncatus seeds, which is a new model for Acanthus truncatus seed germination, seedling rapid propagation and planting application. The green concrete seedling tube with an integrated structure is prepared by commonly available raw materials. The seedling tube can be directly inserted into the wild tidal flat wetland for Acanthus truncatus seed seedling cultivation, thereby realizing the integrated functions of seed germination, seedling propagation and planting application, and can significantly improve the rate and survival rate of Acanthus truncatus seedling cultivation.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A green concrete seedling cultivation method for Acanthus truncatus seeds comprises the following steps: pouring concrete slurry into a seedling tube, pre-growing the tube for one day to obtain green concrete, then implanting a Acanthus truncatus seed in the seedling tube at a distance of 1 to 2 cm from the surface of the green concrete, curing and maintaining the tube for 7 days, and then directly inserting the formed integrated green concrete seedling tube into a tidal flat wetland to achieve seed germination, seedling breeding and planting application of Acanthus truncatus.

[0007] Furthermore, the concrete slurry is composed of sea sand, cement, seawater and fertilizer; wherein, based on the mass of sea sand, the cement content in the concrete slurry is 5.25-10.42%, the water-cement ratio is 2.5-5.0, and the fertilizer content is 3‰. Preferably, by mass, the amount of sea sand in the concrete slurry is 1200 parts, the amount of cement is 37-125 parts, the amount of seawater is 112-375 parts, and the amount of fertilizer is 0.36 parts.

[0008] Specifically, when the cement content is 6.25% and the water-binder ratio is 2.5-5.0, the compressive strength of the green concrete obtained after curing is 1.027-1.522 MPa, the porosity is 27.99-32.25%, and the density is 1419-1489 kg / m 3 When the water-binder ratio is 3.0 and the cement content is 5.25-10.42%, the compressive strength of the green concrete after curing is 1.324-3.128 MPa, the porosity is 19.86-32.26%, and the density is 1450-1609 kg / m 3 .

[0009] Furthermore, the sea sand particle size is 0.5~1.0 mm.

[0010] Furthermore, the total nutrient content of the fertilizer is 35%, wherein the ratio of N, P2O5, and K2O is 8:15:12%.

[0011] Furthermore, the seedling tube is a bamboo tube, a ceramic tube, a plastic tube or a metal tube with openings at both ends, an inner tube diameter of 3 to 6 cm and a length of 16 to 24 cm.

[0012] The integrated structure of the green concrete seedling tube of the present invention can play a role in slowing down the scouring of sea waves and tides; the appropriate strength and density of the green concrete can not only help the fixation and anti-lodging of seeds and seedlings, but also prevent the loss of seedling matrix, seeds and seedlings; the appropriate porosity can effectively improve the water permeability and air permeability of the matrix; the addition of fertilizers can make up for the deficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the sea sand raw material. Therefore, the new model provided by the present invention can improve the specific growth rate and survival rate of Acanthus sibiricus seedlings, and it is simple to operate, low in production cost, and can produce good social, ecological and economic benefits.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The green concrete seedling tube with integrated structure and stable performance cast by the present invention can effectively improve the retention rate of Acanthus tiliaceus plants, protect the Acanthus tiliaceus plants planted on the tidal flats of coastal wetlands from being scoured by waves and gnawing by aquatic animals, and its high strength and large density can play a role in slowing down the scouring by waves and tides.

[0014] 2. The appropriate strength and density of the green concrete after solidification of the present invention can effectively improve the fixation of the seedling culture medium, not only can it help the fixation and lodging resistance of seeds and seedlings, but also can prevent the loss of the seedling culture medium, seeds and seedlings, and prevent the tiny Acanthus seeds and seedlings from being washed away by the waves due to periodic tidal scouring.

[0015] 3. The appropriate porosity of the solidified green concrete of the present invention can effectively improve the water permeability and air permeability of the seedling cultivation matrix, thereby improving the efficiency of seed germination, seedling breeding and afforestation, and preventing seedlings from dying of lack of oxygen due to buried aerial roots and decreased water permeability and air permeability, which makes it difficult to preserve the Acanthus truncatus seedlings.

[0016] 4. The present invention adds fertilizers to the green concrete formula to make up for the deficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the sea sand raw material, and can improve the specific growth rate and survival rate of seedlings.

[0017] 5. The present invention provides a new afforestation model integrating natural seed germination, container seedling rapid propagation and field transplant-free planting. The present invention can realize the three functions of seed germination, seedling propagation and planting application of Acanthus truncatus by using the same seedling tube, which not only overcomes the defect that natural seeds and seedlings of Acanthus truncatus are too small to withstand the impact of waves and are damaged, but also avoids the problem of low seedling planting survival rate and low retention rate due to root damage when Acanthus truncatus container seedlings are transplanted to the tidal flats of coastal wetlands, and can significantly improve the cultivation rate and survival rate of Acanthus truncatus seedlings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a real picture of Acanthus seeds.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a real picture of Acanthus paniculatus seedlings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] A green concrete seedling cultivation method for Acanthus truncatus seeds comprises the following steps: mixing sea sand and cement according to a proportion for 1 minute, then successively adding fertilizer and seawater and stirring until uniform to prepare concrete slurry, then pouring the slurry into a seedling tube with openings at both ends, an inner diameter of 3-6 cm and a length of 16-24 cm, pre-growing the tube into a green concrete for 1 day, then implanting an Acanthus truncatus seed in the seedling tube at a distance of 1-2 cm from the surface of the green concrete, and curing and curing for 7 days to form a green concrete seedling tube with an integrated structure and stable performance. The green concrete seedling tube can be directly inserted into a wild tidal flat wetland for seed cultivation of Acanthus truncatus, thereby realizing the integrated functions of seed germination, seedling breeding and planting application.

[0021] Among them, based on the quality of sea sand, the cement content in the concrete slurry is 5.25~10.42%, the water-cement ratio is 2.5~5.0, and the fertilizer content is 3‰.

[0022] The sea sand has a particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm.

[0023] The total nutrient content of the fertilizer is 35%, wherein the ratio of N, P2O5, and K2O is 8:15:12%.

[0024] The seedling tube can be one of a bamboo tube, a ceramic tube, a plastic tube or a metal tube.

[0025] In order to make the contents of the present invention easier to understand, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0026] Raw material selection: The seeds of the mouse taro used weighed 0.3-0.6 g, were about 1.5 cm long, 1 cm wide, and 0.2 cm thick.

[0027] The cement used is PS 32.5 slag Portland cement; The seawater comes from the natural seawater (salinity 20-25‰) at the estuary of Jinjing Creek in Jinjiang Campus of Fuzhou University. The natural sea sand is water-milled and screened to particle sizes of 0.35-0.45 mm, 0.5-1.0 mm, 1.0-1.5 mm and 1.5-2.0 mm, and then drained for later use. The total nutrient content of the fertilizer is 35%, and it is compounded according to the ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of 8:15:12%. The fertilizer dosage is 0.3‰ of the sea sand dosage, and it can be added directly or prepared into an aqueous solution for use.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, the test methods are conventional methods in the field, such as referring to "CECS 361-2003 Technical Specification for Application of Ecological Concrete" or "JGJ51-2002 Technical Specification for Lightweight Aggregate Concrete". During the performance test, the concrete is demoulded after 28 days of standard curing and made into standard test blocks with a specification of 100 mm×100 mm×100 mm for testing.

[0029] Germination rate (%): refers to the percentage of germinated seeds to the number of valid tested seeds, and the statistics begin when the seeds grow two cotyledons.

[0030] Specific growth rate (cm / d): Calculated from the time when two true leaves grow after germination, according to the following formula: , Where: V - specific growth rate (cm / d); h 1 - Initial plant height (cm); h 2 - Final plant height (cm); t 2 -t 1 - Plant growth time difference (d).

[0031] Example Preparation of green concrete and its performance According to the formula in Table 1, sea sand of different particle sizes and cement were stirred for 1 minute, and then seawater was added and stirred until uniform to form concrete slurry, which was then poured into the nursery tube. Green concrete was obtained after pre-growing the blanks under normal temperature and pressure for 1 day. After standard curing for 28 days, the concrete was demolded and the performance was tested.

[0032] Table 1 Effect of sea sand particle size on the performance of green concrete

[0033] As can be seen from Table 1, when the water-cement ratio is 3.0 and the cement content is 6.0%, as the sea sand particle size increases, the porosity of the green concrete increases, and the compressive strength and density decrease. When the sea sand particle size is 0.5-1.0 mm, the porosity and compressive strength of the green concrete are the best, which can meet the needs of Acanthus truncatus seed breeding. Therefore, sea sand with a particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm was used for the following experiments.

[0034] Table 2 Effect of water-binder ratio on the performance of green concrete

[0035] As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the lower porosity and compressive strength of the control sea sand, the porosity and compressive strength of the green concrete after cement curing are significantly improved, and the density does not change much (Examples 5-10). The compressive strength is the highest when the water-binder ratio is 3.0, and the porosity is the highest when the water-binder ratio is 3.5. When the cement content is 6.25% and the water-binder ratio is 2.5-5.0, there is a certain correlation between the porosity, compressive strength, density and water-binder ratio of the green concrete, and the mathematical expressions are as follows: Relationship between porosity Y and water-cement ratio X: Y=-2.1279X 2 +15.263X+4.7186, R²=0.987; Relationship between compressive strength Y and water-cement ratio X: Y=-0.1384X 2 +0.8834X+0.0551, R²=0.9632; Relationship between density Y and water-cement ratio X: Y=-5.4286X 2 +10.771X +1498.6, R²=0.9837.

[0036] Table 3 Effect of cement content on the performance of green concrete

[0037] As can be seen from Table 3, compared with the lower porosity and compressive strength and higher density of the sea sand in the control example, as the cement content increases, the strength and porosity of the green concrete solidified by cement are significantly improved, and the density is significantly reduced (Examples 11-18). When the water-cement ratio is 3.0 and the cement content is 3.08-10.42%, there is a certain correlation between the porosity, compressive strength, density and cement content of the green concrete, and the mathematical expressions are as follows: Relationship between porosity Y and cement content X: Y=-0.3475X 2 +2.9272X+26.22, R²= 0.9687; The relationship between compressive strength Y and cement content X: Y=0.3898X-0.8225, R²= 0.9895; Relationship between density Y and cement content X: Y=-2.3041X 2 +68.431X+1136, R²= 0.9861.

[0038] In summary, sea sand cannot withstand the erosion of waves and tides due to its low compressive strength, and its low porosity leads to insufficient water permeability and air permeability. However, the compressive strength of sea sand is greatly improved after being solidified with cement, a cementitious material. The cast green concrete can effectively resist the erosion of waves and tides. The appropriate porosity of the concrete can effectively improve the water permeability and air permeability of the matrix, meeting the needs of seed germination, seedling breeding and planting of Acanthus fragrans under different tidal conditions.

[0039] Application Example: Application of Green Concrete Seedling Tube According to the formula in Table 4, sea sand and cement were stirred for 1 minute, and then fertilizers and seawater were added successively and stirred until uniform to make concrete slurry, which was then poured into a ceramic seedling tube with openings at both ends, an inner diameter of 3-6 cm and a length of 16-24 cm. Green concrete was prepared by pre-growing the tube into a green body at room temperature and pressure for 1 day. After that, a seed of Acanthus sphaerocephalus was implanted in the seedling tube at a distance of 1-2 cm from the concrete surface. After conventional curing and maintenance for 7 days, a green concrete seedling tube with integrated structure and stable performance was formed, which was directly planted on the tidal flat wetland at the mouth of Jinjing Creek in Jinjiang Campus of Fuzhou University for seed germination, seedling breeding and planting of Acanthus sphaerocephalus.

[0040] Table 4 Effects of green concrete on the specific growth rate and survival rate of Acanthus sibiricus seedlings

[0041] It can be seen from Table 4 that when the sea sand is not solidified with cement, the specific growth rate and survival rate of the Acanthus sibiricus seedlings are low; adding fertilizers can make up for the deficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the sea sand raw materials, and improve the specific growth rate and survival rate of the seedlings, but the effect is not significant (Control Examples 1 and 2). This may be because the compressive strength and porosity of the sea sand are low when it is not solidified with cement, making it difficult to provide a water-permeable and breathable matrix environment, and the planting matrix is ​​easy to lose, making it difficult for the Acanthus sibiricus seedlings to grow stably under the erosion of waves and tides.

[0042] At the same time, it can be seen from the table that when the cement content is 6.25% and the water-binder ratio is 2.5-5.0, the specific growth rate of Acanthus truncatus seedlings increases first and then decreases with the decrease of the water-binder ratio (Application Examples 1-4). Among them, the effect is best when the cement content is 6.25% and the water-binder ratio is 3.0-4.0. The specific growth rate of Acanthus truncatus seedlings can reach 0.238-0.246 cm / d, and the survival rate can reach 100%. When the water-binder ratio is 2.5-5.0, there is a certain correlation between the specific growth rate of Acanthus truncatus seedlings and the water-binder ratio of green concrete, and their mathematical expressions are as follows: Relationship between specific growth rate Y and water-binder ratio X: Y=-0.0241X 2 +0.191X-0.1262, R²= 0.9134.

[0043] In addition, it can be seen from the table that when the water-binder ratio is 3 and the cement content is 5.25-9.33%, the specific growth rate shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing as the cement content increases (Application Examples 5-8). This is because the increase in cement content will lead to an increase in the pH value of concrete, which cannot provide a suitable environment for the normal germination of Acanthus seeds and the breeding of seedlings. When the cement content is 3.08-9.33%, there is a certain correlation between the specific growth rate of Acanthus seedlings and the cement content of green concrete, and their mathematical expressions are as follows: Relationship between specific growth rate Y and cement content X: Y=-0.0076X 2 + 0.0852X-0.0058, R²= 0.9799.

[0044] In addition, the seeds of Acanthus truncatus in the sea sand seedling tube of control example 2 began to germinate on the 13th day after implantation, and the germination rate was 90% on the 18th day. It was also found that 40% of the seeds of Acanthus truncatus were lost due to the scouring of waves and tides. However, the seeds of Acanthus truncatus in the concrete seedling tube of application example 1 were not found to be lost, and they began to germinate on the 9th day after implantation, and the germination rate was 100% on the 12th day. Therefore, the use of the green concrete seedling tube that is cast into an integrated structure by cement curing can protect the Acanthus truncatus plants from being scoured by waves and gnawing by aquatic animals, and its higher strength and greater density can play a role in slowing down the scouring of waves and tides.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A green concrete seedling planting method for Acanthus sphaerocephalus seeds, characterized in that: Concrete slurry was poured into the seedling tube and pre-grown for one day to obtain green concrete. Then, Acanthus elegans seeds were planted in the seedling tube 1-2 cm away from the surface of the green concrete. After curing and maintenance for 7 days, the integrated green concrete seedling tube was directly inserted into the tidal flat wetland to achieve seed germination, seedling breeding and planting application of Acanthus elegans.

2. A green concrete seedling planting method for Acanthus sphaerocephala seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concrete slurry is composed of sea sand, cement, seawater and fertilizer; wherein, based on the mass of sea sand, the cement content in the concrete slurry is 5.25-10.42%, the water-cement ratio is 2.5-5.0, and the fertilizer content is 3‰.

3. The green concrete seedling cultivation method for Acanthus sphaerocephala seeds according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sea sand has a particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm.

4. A green concrete seedling planting method for Acanthus sphaerocephala seeds according to claim 2, characterized in that: The total nutrient content of the fertilizer is 35%, wherein the ratio of N, P2O5, and K2O is 8:15:12%.

5. The green concrete seedling cultivation method for Acanthus sphaerocephala seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seedling tube is a bamboo tube, a ceramic tube, a plastic tube or a metal tube with two ends open, an inner tube diameter of 3 to 6 cm and a length of 16 to 24 cm.

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