Peanut planting method for saline-alkali farmland

Abstract

The invention provides a peanut planting method for saline-alkali farmland, and belongs to the technical field of crop planting. The saline-alkali farmland is divided into a planting area where mulching films and drip irrigation belts are laid and a salt enrichment area which is not laid with the mulching films and the drip irrigation belts and has the interval of 30-60 cm; laying a drip irrigation belt and a mulching film in the planting area, and continuously supplying water for 2-6 times by utilizing the drip irrigation belt; and after the salt content is reduced to below 0.2%, punching and sowing peanuts. According to the method, the leakproofness of the upper portion of the mulching film is fully guaranteed and the ground temperature is rapidly increased through an interval flat land mulching mode, the transpiration circulation effect of water in the mulching film can be improved in combination with the geographical condition of high evaporation capacity, and after water is supplied to the drip irrigation belt, the water drives salt in the planting area covered with the mulching film to be transferred to the salt enrichment area not covered with the mulching film; the saline-alkali degree of a planting area is greatly reduced, then punching and sowing are conducted, the adverse effects of saline-alkali on peanut germination, seedling emergence and growth can be greatly relieved, and the mechanical efficiency is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and in particular relates to a peanut planting method in saline-alkali farmland. Background Art

[0002] According to the soluble salt content, farmland is generally divided into light, medium, and severe saline-alkali soils, as well as severely saline-alkali soils. It is almost impossible to grow crops on severely saline-alkali soils. For a long time, the method of "irrigation, drainage, and salt washing" has been the main method for removing salt and alkali. With the large-scale promotion of water-saving drip irrigation planting technology, agriculture has achieved water-saving, high-yield, and high-efficiency, but it has also brought new problems. The salt in the soil cannot be discharged in the tillage layer and below, resulting in the continuous expansion of the area of ​​secondary salinization of farmland.

[0003] Soil salinization has seriously restricted food production and sustainable agricultural development. Peanuts are important oil crops and cash crops, and peanut oil is one of the main sources of vegetable oil. Peanut cultivation in saline-alkali land is affected by soil properties, the planting area is small, and the planting technology is immature, resulting in low yields. In addition, the existing peanut planting method is to sow peanuts on ridges with film covering. Planting in saline-alkali land in this way has low land utilization and extremely low cultivated yields. Therefore, finding a more suitable planting method is an important way to solve the low yield of peanuts planted in saline-alkali land and the sustainable development of the peanut industry. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali farmland to solve the adverse effects of saline-alkali land on peanut planting.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali farmland, comprising the following steps:

[0007] 1) Divide the saline-alkali farmland into a planting area with mulch film and drip irrigation tape and a salt-enriched area with a spacing of 30 to 60 cm without mulch film and drip irrigation tape;

[0008] 2) Lay drip irrigation tape and mulch film on the flat land without ridges in the planting area; supply water continuously 2 to 6 times through the drip irrigation tape;

[0009] 3) Check the salt content in the planting area. When the salt content drops below 2‰, make holes in the ground film and sow peanuts.

[0010] Preferably, the saline-alkali farmland in step 1) is moderate saline-alkali land or light saline-alkali land, the salt content of the moderate saline-alkali land is 6‰ to 12‰; the salt content of the light saline-alkali land is 3‰ to 6‰.

[0011] Preferably, in step 1), the mulch film is a fully biodegradable mulch film or a polyethylene mulch film, the width of the mulch film is 0.9 to 2.05 m, the thickness of the fully biodegradable mulch film is 0.004 to 0.015 mm, and the thickness of the polyethylene mulch film is 0.008 to 0.015 mm.

[0012] Preferably, in step 1), after laying the ground film, the ground is covered with soil and pressed to the edges, and the width of the pressed edges is 7 to 15 cm.

[0013] Preferably, the frequency of water supply in step 2) is 5 to 10 days / time, and the amount of water supplied each time is 8 to 32 m 3 / mu.

[0014] Preferably, step 3) performs wide and narrow row sowing or equal row width sowing on the film in the planting area;

[0015] When sowing in wide and narrow rows on the film in the planting area, the wide row on the film is 40 to 55 cm, the narrow row on the film is 25 to 35 cm, and the drip irrigation tape is laid in the middle of the wide row or in the middle of the narrow row;

[0016] When sowing seeds in uniform row width on the film in the planting area, the row width is 40 to 55 cm, and the drip irrigation tape is laid in the middle of the row.

[0017] Preferably, the sowing spacing in step 3) is 15 to 25 cm, and the sowing depth is 3 to 5 cm.

[0018] Preferably, the sowing density in step 3) is 7000-12000 holes / mu, with 1-3 seeds per hole; and the sowing seedling survival rate is 70-90%.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The present invention can improve the efficiency of laying drip irrigation tapes and ground film through the interval flat ground covering mode; it can improve the utilization rate of land, fully ensure the semi-airtightness of the upper part of the ground film, quickly increase the ground temperature, and combined with the regional climatic conditions with high evaporation, it can increase the transpiration circulation of water in the film. After the drip irrigation tape supplies water, the moisture in the planting area increases, and the moisture drives the salt in the planting area covered with the ground film to transfer to the salt-enriched area not covered with the ground film, so that the salinity of the planting area is greatly reduced, and then drilling holes in the ground film for sowing can reduce the negative impact of salt and alkali on the germination, emergence and growth and development of peanuts.

[0021] The planting method of the present invention does not require ridge formation, and adopts the method of directly laying drip irrigation tapes and ground film on flat ground, which is convenient for machine operation, greatly improves the efficiency of mechanical film laying and drip irrigation tape laying, and can effectively control the salt content in saline-alkali land planting areas, greatly improving the emergence rate and yield of peanuts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention provides a method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali farmland, comprising the following steps:

[0023] 1) Divide the saline-alkali farmland into a planting area with mulch film and drip irrigation tape and a salt-enriched area with a spacing of 30 to 60 cm without mulch film and drip irrigation tape;

[0024] 2) Lay drip irrigation tape and mulch film on the flat land without ridges in the planting area, and supply water continuously 2 to 6 times through the drip irrigation tape;

[0025] 3) Check the salt content in the planting area. When the salt content drops below 2‰, make holes in the ground film and sow peanuts.

[0026] In the present invention, the saline-alkali farmland is divided into a planting area with mulch and drip irrigation tape and a salt-enriched area with a width of 30 to 60 cm without mulch and drip irrigation tape. The saline-alkali farmland is a light saline-alkali land or a moderate saline-alkali land, and the salt content of the light saline-alkali land is preferably 3‰ to 6‰, more preferably 3.5‰ to 5.5‰; the salt content of the moderate saline-alkali land is preferably 6‰ to 12‰, more preferably 7‰ to 11‰; the interval of the salt-enriched area is preferably 40 to 50 cm.

[0027] In the present invention, drip irrigation tapes and ground films are laid in the planting area; water is continuously supplied 2 to 6 times through the drip irrigation tapes. The film is a fully biodegradable ground film or a polyethylene ground film, and the width of the ground film is preferably 0.9 to 2.05m, and more preferably 1.25 to 1.90m; the thickness of the fully biodegradable ground film is preferably 0.004 to 0.015mm, and more preferably 0.006 to 0.012mm; the thickness of the polyethylene ground film is preferably 0.008 to 0.015mm, and more preferably 0.009 to 0.014mm. After laying the ground film, the soil is covered and pressed, and the width of the pressed edge is preferably 7 to 15cm, and more preferably 8 to 11cm; the number of water supplies is preferably 3 to 5 times; the frequency of water supply is preferably 5 to 10 days / time, and more preferably 7 days / time; the amount of watering each time is preferably 8 to 32m 3 / mu, more preferably 10 to 25 m 3 / mu.

[0028] In the present invention, the salt content in the planting area is detected, and after the salt content drops below 2‰, the peanuts are sown with holes. Wide and narrow row sowing or equal row width sowing is performed on the film in the planting area; when wide and narrow row sowing is performed on the film in the planting area, the wide row on the film is preferably 40 to 55 cm, more preferably 45 to 50 cm; the narrow row on the film is preferably 25 to 35 cm, more preferably 30 cm; the drip irrigation tape is laid in the middle of the wide row or in the middle of the narrow row; when equal row width sowing is performed on the film in the planting area, the row width is preferably 40 to 55 cm, more preferably 45 to 50 cm; the drip irrigation tape is laid in the middle of the row. The sowing plant spacing is preferably 15-25 cm, more preferably 20 cm; the sowing depth is preferably 3-5 cm, more preferably 3.5-4.5 cm; the sowing density is preferably 7000-12000 holes / mu, more preferably 8000-11000 holes / mu, with 1-3 seeds per hole, more preferably 2 seeds per hole; the sowing seedling survival rate is 70-90%.

[0029] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] On May 25, 2022, a field test was conducted in the 7th Company of the 142th Regiment in Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The soil salt content was detected to be 10‰ and the pH was 8.3. The saline-alkali farmland was divided into a strip planting area with mulch and drip irrigation tape and a salt-enriched area with a spacing of 50 cm without mulch and drip irrigation tape. Drip irrigation tape and a fully biodegradable mulch with a width of 1.45m and a thickness of 0.01mm were laid on the flat ground in the planting area. After laying the mulch, the soil was covered and pressed. The width of the pressing edge was 15cm. The drip irrigation tape was used to supply water continuously for 4 times. The frequency of water supply was 7 days / time, and the amount of water supplied each time was 20m 3 / mu, the salt content in the planting area was tested, and the salt content was reduced to 1.8‰, and the pH was 7.2; then wide and narrow row sowing was carried out on the film in the planting area, one film and four rows, the wide row on the film was 45cm; the narrow row on the film was 25cm; the drip irrigation tape was laid in the middle of the wide row; holes were punched for sowing peanuts, and the sowing spacing was 20cm; the sowing depth was 4cm, the sowing density was 10000 holes / mu, and 2 seeds per hole; the sowing seedling rate was 90%.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] On May 25, 2022, a field test was conducted in Tawenjueken Township, Bohu County, Bayinguoleng Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and the soil salt content was detected to be 7‰ and the pH was 8.2. The saline-alkali farmland was divided into strip-shaped planting areas with mulch and drip irrigation tapes and salt-enriched areas with a spacing of 30 cm without mulch and drip irrigation tapes. Drip irrigation tapes and fully biodegradable mulch with a width of 1.25m and a thickness of 0.004mm were laid on the flat ground in the planting area. After laying the mulch, the soil was covered and pressed to a width of 10cm. The drip irrigation tape was used to supply water twice, with a frequency of 5 days / time and a water supply of 8m each time. 3 / mu, the salt content in the planting area was tested, and the salt content dropped to 1.9‰, and the pH was 7.3; then wide and narrow rows were sown on the film in the planting area, one film and four rows, the wide row on the film was 40cm; the narrow row on the film was 25cm; the drip irrigation tape was laid in the middle of the wide row; the peanuts were sown by drilling holes, the sowing spacing was 15cm; the sowing depth was 3cm. The sowing density was 7000 holes / mu, 3 seeds per hole; the sowing seedling rate was 70%.

[0034] Example 3

[0035] On May 25, 2023, a field test was conducted in Sidaohezi Town, Shawan City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The soil salt content was detected to be 19‰ and the pH was 8.4. The saline-alkali farmland was divided into a strip planting area with mulch and drip irrigation tape and a salt-enriched area with a spacing of 60cm without mulch and drip irrigation tape. Drip irrigation tape and a fully biodegradable mulch with a width of 2.05m and a thickness of 0.015mm were laid on the flat ground in the planting area. After laying the mulch, the soil was covered and pressed to a width of 10cm. Then, the drip irrigation tape was used to supply water 6 times. The frequency of water supply was 10 days / time, and the amount of water supplied each time was 32m 3 / mu; the salt content in the planting area was tested and the salt content was reduced to 1.8‰, and the pH was 7.3, and then wide and narrow row sowing was carried out on the film in the planting area, one film with six rows, the wide row on the film was 45cm; the narrow row on the film was 25cm; the drip irrigation tape was laid in the middle of the wide row; holes were punched for sowing peanuts, and the sowing spacing was 25cm; the sowing depth was 5cm, the sowing density was 12000 holes / mu, and one seed was planted in each hole; the sowing seedling rate was 80%.

[0036] Comparative Example 1

[0037] The difference from Example 1 is that the flat land film covering is replaced by ridge film covering cultivation: the ridge spacing is 80 cm, the ridge furrow width is 30 cm, the ridge surface width is 50 cm, and the ridge height is 12 cm.

[0038] Comparative Example 2

[0039] The difference from Example 1 is that the interval between the salt-enriched zones is 25 cm.

[0040] Comparative Example 3

[0041] The difference from Example 1 is that the interval between the salt-enriched zones is 65 cm.

[0042] Comparative Example 4

[0043] The difference from Example 1 is that the width of the ground film is 0.8 m.

[0044] Comparative Example 5

[0045] The difference from Example 1 is that the width of the ground film is 2.5 m.

[0046] Experimental Example 1

[0047] The salt-alkali tolerant peanut variety Yuhua No. 18 was selected and planted according to the methods of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, and other field management measures were carried out according to conventional methods. The emergence rate, pod yield, number of fruits per plant, number of fruits per kilogram, 100-fruit weight, 100-kernel weight and kernel yield rate of peanuts in different treatment groups were compared.

[0048] Experimental results: as shown in Table 1.

[0049] Table 1 Seedling emergence rate, pod yield, number of fruits per plant, number of fruits per kilogram, 100-fruit weight, 100-kernel weight and kernel yield rate of peanut under different treatments

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] As shown in Table 1, the emergence rate, pod yield, number of fruits per plant, number of fruits per kilogram, 100-fruit weight, 100-kernel weight, and kernel yield rate of the peanuts in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention are significantly higher than those in Comparative Examples 1 to 5.

[0053] Comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 shows that ridge film covering greatly reduces the utilization area of ​​land and is not conducive to the transfer of salt on the film surface, thereby greatly reducing the yield of peanuts.

[0054] It can be seen from Example 1 that when the interval between the salt-enriched areas is too large or too small, it is not conducive to the transfer of salt from the planting area to the salt-enriched area, thereby reducing the emergence rate of peanuts.

[0055] Comparing Example 1 with Comparative Examples 4 to 5, it can be seen that the width of the ground film determines the row spacing of perforated sowing and the transpiration rate of water under the film. A ground film that is too wide or too narrow is not conducive to peanut planting.

[0056] It can be seen from the above embodiments and experimental examples that the planting method of the present invention can effectively control the salt content of saline-alkali land, and greatly improve the emergence rate, kernel rate and yield of peanuts.

[0057] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A peanut planting method in saline-alkali farmland, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Divide the saline-alkali farmland into a planting area with mulch film and drip irrigation tape and a salt-enriched area with a spacing of 30 to 60 cm without mulch film and drip irrigation tape; 2) Lay drip irrigation tape and mulch film on the flat land without ridges in the planting area, and supply water continuously 2 to 6 times through the drip irrigation tape; 3) Check the salt content in the planting area. When the salt content drops below 2‰, make holes in the ground film and sow peanuts.

2. The peanut planting method in saline-alkali farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1) The saline-alkali farmland is moderate saline-alkali land or light saline-alkali land, the salt content of the moderate saline-alkali land is 6‰ to 12‰, and the salt content of the light saline-alkali land is 3‰ to 6‰.

3. The peanut planting method in saline-alkali farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1) The mulch film is a fully biodegradable mulch film or a polyethylene mulch film, and the width of the mulch film is 0.9 to 2.05 meters; the thickness of the fully biodegradable mulch film is 0.004 to 0.015 mm, and the thickness of the polyethylene mulch film is 0.008 to 0.015 mm.

4. The peanut planting method in saline-alkali farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1) After laying the ground film, the ground is covered with soil and pressed to a width of 7 to 15 cm.

5. The peanut planting method in saline-alkali farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 2) The frequency of water supply is 5 to 10 days / time, and the amount of water supplied each time is 8 to 32 m 3 / mu.

6. The peanut planting method in saline-alkali farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 3) performing wide and narrow row sowing or equal row width sowing on the film in the planting area; When sowing in wide and narrow rows on the film in the planting area, the wide row on the film is 40 to 55 cm, the narrow row on the film is 25 to 35 cm, and the drip irrigation tape is laid in the middle of the wide row or the middle of the narrow row; When sowing seeds in uniform row width on the film in the planting area, the row width is 40 to 55 cm, and the drip irrigation tape is laid in the middle of the row.

7. The peanut planting method in saline-alkali farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 3) The sowing spacing is 15 to 25 cm, and the sowing depth is 3 to 5 cm.

8. The peanut planting method in saline-alkali farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing density in step 3 is 7000-12000 holes / mu, with 1-3 seeds per hole; the seedling survival rate of the sowing is 70-90%.

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