A pre-purification system for flue gas based on high-temperature oxygen-free pyrolysis of lithium batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a pre-purification system based on lithium battery high-temperature anaerobic pyrolysis flue gas, which belongs to the technical field of lithium battery pyrolysis flue gas treatment. The invention adds a plurality of treatment sleeves in a spray tower, and the interior of the treatment sleeve is divided into an upper spray area and a lower water flow area. The coolant introduced by the water inlet pipe flows from top to bottom in the opposite direction of the rising direction of the flue gas, and two water washing and cooling methods of first immersion water washing and then spray water washing are repeated for multiple times. At the same time, the flue gas is guided and diffused by an air distribution component, which not only realizes uniform cooling, but also improves the water washing purification effect. In addition, a device for temperature monitoring of the initial flue gas and the flue gas after a single water washing is added at the air inlet pipe and each air inlet. According to the detection result, the temperature of the coolant introduced into the annular spray pipe is adjusted through a water-cooling connecting piece, so that the spray water washing environment is adjusted layer by layer to adapt to the washing requirements of the current temperature flue gas, so as to ensure that the temperature of the flue gas discharged from the exhaust pipe remains consistent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery cracking flue gas treatment, and more specifically, to a pre-purification system based on lithium battery high-temperature oxygen-free cracking flue gas. Background Art

[0002] With the popularization of new energy vehicles and electronic products, the number of waste lithium batteries has increased sharply. Currently, high-temperature anaerobic pyrolysis method is mostly used to treat waste lithium batteries. Waste lithium batteries are sent to anaerobic pyrolysis furnaces. In a high-temperature anaerobic environment, the organic matter in the lithium batteries is cracked into small molecular compounds, thereby improving the resource recovery rate.

[0003] After the waste lithium batteries are sent into the anaerobic cracking furnace, high-temperature flue gas will be generated during the anaerobic cracking process. Bag dust collector is one of the purification devices commonly used for high-temperature flue gas treatment. Its main function is to remove solid particulate matter in the high-temperature flue gas. In order to avoid the high temperature of the flue gas from affecting the dust bags of the bag dust collector, it is usually necessary to pre-cool the high-temperature flue gas in advance to prevent the high temperature from damaging the subsequent purification components.

[0004] At present, a common method for cooling high-temperature flue gas is to pass the high-temperature flue gas into a spray tower. For example, patent No. CN222034078U discloses a high-temperature flue gas two-stage spray washing device, which flushes the flue gas through a first-stage spray tower and a second-stage spray tower.

[0005] However, in this common spray tower structure, the flue gas flows in a straight-through manner, making it difficult to evenly contact the water film formed by the spray, which may easily lead to different temperatures of the flue gas discharged from the exhaust pipe, that is, there may be a large temperature difference in the discharged flue gas. When subsequent bag dust removal or other purification structure dust removal is required, the service life of the purification structure will be greatly shortened due to frequent temperature changes.

[0006] To this end, we propose a pre-purification system for flue gas based on high-temperature oxygen-free cracking of lithium batteries to address the existing technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that it is difficult for existing ordinary spray towers to achieve uniform contact between flue gas and water mist, and that uneven water cooling leads to large temperature differences in flue gas discharged from the exhaust pipe, which affects the subsequent purification structure. Compared with the prior art, a pre-purification system for flue gas based on high-temperature anaerobic pyrolysis of lithium batteries is provided.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions: A pre-purification system based on high-temperature anaerobic pyrolysis flue gas of a lithium battery, comprising a spray cooling module and a dehumidification filtration module, the spray cooling module comprising a spray tower, and the spray tower is provided with a plurality of spray chambers interconnected up and down in a vertical direction;

[0009] A treatment sleeve is fixedly installed in each spray chamber, the bottom of the spray tower is externally connected to an air inlet pipe that runs through the bottom of the lowest treatment sleeve, and the top of the spray tower is externally connected to an exhaust pipe that runs through the top of the highest treatment sleeve;

[0010] The interior of the treatment sleeve is divided into an upper spraying area and a lower water flow area. An annular spraying pipe with a plurality of atomizing nozzles at the bottom is installed at the upper end of each upper spraying area. Each annular spraying pipe is externally connected to a water cooling connecting piece, and a water inlet pipe is provided on the uppermost water cooling connecting piece.

[0011] A U-shaped drain pipe is inserted at the upper end of each lower water flow area, the other end of which extends outward and is connected to a water-cooled connecting piece at a corresponding position. Temperature sensors are embedded in the top of the upper spray area and on the air inlet pipe. The spray tower is also provided with an air distribution component embedded in multiple treatment sleeves and used to guide and distribute the flue gas.

[0012] Furthermore, the water-cooling connecting piece includes a water cooling box and a boosting pipe connected to the drainage end of the water cooling box, a boosting valve is connected between the boosting pipe and the drainage end of the water cooling box, and the other end of the boosting pipe passes through the interior of the processing sleeve and is connected to the annular spray pipe.

[0013] Furthermore, the air distribution assembly includes a rotating column which is driven to rotate in the axial direction of the spray tower and passes through multiple processing sleeves in sequence and is rotatably installed with the air inlet end of the air inlet pipe. A plurality of conical guide covers are distributed at intervals on the rotating column, each of which is located in the upper spray area and extends at the lower end to the lower water flow area. A plurality of air distribution sheets are distributed in an annular manner on the upper end of the conical guide cover, and an air guide structure connecting the upper and lower processing sleeves is provided on the rotating column.

[0014] Furthermore, the air guide structure includes multiple groups of waterproof air outlet nozzles and air inlets that are distributed at intervals up and down and are opened in the vertical direction of the rotating column. The waterproof air outlet nozzle penetrates the lower end of the conical air guide cover and extends to the lower water flow area. The air inlet is distributed between two adjacent waterproof air outlet nozzles, and the multiple air inlets are located one by one above the annular spray pipe, and the waterproof air outlet nozzles and air inlets between two adjacent treatment sleeves are connected through a connecting groove opened in the rotating column, and the air inlet end of the air inlet pipe is connected to the bottom end of the rotating column through a rotating joint. The smoke introduced by the air inlet pipe passes into the interior of the rotating column and overflows from the lowest waterproof air outlet nozzle. The smoke goes straight upward into the water and contacts the water mist sprayed by the atomizing nozzle during the process of diffusion through the conical air guide cover.

[0015] Furthermore, each of the treatment sleeves is embedded with a liquid level sensor located at the top of the downstream water flow area on the inner wall, which is used to monitor the liquid level in the downstream water flow area in real time, ensuring that the flue gas overflowing from the waterproof air outlet nozzle first passes into the water flow area with flowing water, thereby realizing two water washing and cooling methods of immersion water washing and then spraying water washing, thereby improving the water cooling effect.

[0016] Furthermore, the inner bottom of each of the lower water flow areas is externally connected to a slag discharge pipe that runs through the outside of the spray tower, and the U-shaped discharge pipe located at the bottom is connected to a drainage pipe connected to the dehumidification filter module.

[0017] Furthermore, the dehumidification filter module includes a dehumidification component connected to the exhaust pipe, and the other end of the dehumidification component is connected to a bag filter.

[0018] Optionally, the dehumidification component includes a water tank connected to a drain pipe, wherein a plurality of heat conductive plates connected end to end are horizontally laid in the water tank, a heat storage box is fixed at the upper end of the water tank, and the upper ends of the plurality of heat conductive plates extend into the heat storage box, and the plurality of heat conductive plates divide the interior of the heat storage box into a serpentine gas flow path, the head end of the gas flow path is connected to the exhaust pipe, and the tail end is connected to the bag collector through the ventilation pipe. By connecting the drain pipe with the water tank, the high-temperature flue gas initially introduced into the spray tower is washed with circulating coolant and then introduced into the water tank through the drain pipe. The circulating coolant has a certain temperature, so that heat is transferred to the heat storage box through the heat conductive plates, thereby facilitating the dehumidification of the washed flue gas passing through the heat storage box. There is no need to provide a separate dehumidifier, and dehumidification can be carried out by waste heat to prevent water vapor in the flue gas from condensing and clogging the dust collector bags.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0020] (1) This scheme is to add a treatment sleeve arranged in the vertical direction in the spray tower. The interior of the treatment sleeve is divided into an upper spray area and a lower water flow area. The high-temperature flue gas passes through multiple treatment sleeves from bottom to top, and repeatedly completes two water washing and cooling methods of immersion water washing and then spray water washing. In the process of flue gas rising, the flue gas is diverted and diffused by the air distribution component, which not only achieves uniform cooling but also improves the water washing purification effect. In addition, a temperature monitoring device for the initial flue gas and the flue gas after a single water washing is added on the air inlet pipe and at each air inlet. According to the detection results, the temperature of the coolant entering the annular spray pipe is adjusted through the water-cooling connecting piece, so that the spray water washing environment in each treatment sleeve is adjusted layer by layer to adapt to the washing requirements of the current temperature flue gas, thereby ensuring that the temperature of the flue gas discharged from the exhaust pipe remains consistent.

[0021] (2) This scheme also connects the upper and lower treatment sleeves through a U-shaped drainage pipe, a water-cooling connecting component and an annular spray pipe. The coolant introduced by the water inlet pipe flows from top to bottom in the opposite direction of the rising direction of the flue gas. The recycling order of the coolant is opposite to the order of the flue gas water washing. The first coolant is used to perform the final washing on the flue gas that has been washed multiple times, which is beneficial to improving the cooling and purification effect of the flue gas. The water inlet end inside the U-shaped drainage pipe extends to the upper end of the lower water flow area, which is used to guide the flowing water at the upper end of the lower water flow area to the next annular spray pipe, and the soluble substances dissolved in water are precipitated at the bottom end of the lower water flow area, completing the recycling of the coolant. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the spray tower of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a spray tower of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 It is an internal cross-sectional view of the combination of the spray tower and the processing sleeve of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the combination of the air distribution assembly and the water cooling connecting piece of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the air distribution assembly of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 A partial cross-sectional view of the air distribution assembly of the present invention;

[0030] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the spray tower of the present invention when it is working;

[0031] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the gas flow inside the heat storage box of the present invention.

[0032] Description of the numbers in the figure:

[0033] 1. Spray tower; 101. Spray chamber; 2. Treatment sleeve; 3. Air inlet pipe; 4. Annular spray pipe; 401. Atomizing nozzle; 5. Water inlet pipe; 6. Water cooling box; 7. Booster pipe; 8. U-shaped discharge pipe; 9. Rotating column; 901. Waterproof air outlet nozzle; 902. Air inlet; 10. Conical guide cover; 11. Air distribution plate; 12. Drive motor; 13. Exhaust pipe; 14. Drain pipe; 15. Slag discharge pipe; 16. Temperature sensor; 17. Water tank; 18. Heat storage tank; 19. Heat conductive plate; 20. Bag filter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will combine the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1: The present invention discloses a pre-purification system for flue gas based on high-temperature oxygen-free pyrolysis of lithium batteries. Figure 1-Figure 4 , including a spray cooling module and a dehumidification filtration module, the spray cooling module includes a spray tower 1, the spray tower 1 is provided with a plurality of spray chambers 101 interconnected with each other in the vertical direction, and a processing sleeve 2 is fixedly installed in each spray chamber 101;

[0036] The bottom of the spray tower 1 is externally connected to an air inlet pipe 3 that penetrates to the bottom of the lowest processing sleeve 2, and the top of the spray tower 1 is externally connected to an exhaust pipe 13 that penetrates to the top of the uppermost processing sleeve 2. The other end of the air inlet pipe 3 is connected to the anaerobic cracking furnace, and the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the anaerobic cracking furnace is passed into the spray tower 1 through the air inlet pipe 3, so that the high-temperature flue gas is sprayed and washed with water from bottom to top through multiple processing sleeves 2. Before the high-temperature flue gas is passed into the spray tower 1, the high-temperature flue gas can be pre-heat exchanged to efficiently recover the heat.

[0037] See also Figure 5 The interior of the treatment sleeve 2 is divided into an upper spraying area and a lower water flow area. An annular spray pipe 4 with a plurality of atomizing nozzles 401 at the bottom is installed at the upper end of each upper spraying area. Each annular spray pipe 4 is externally connected to a water cooling connecting piece, and a water inlet pipe 5 is provided on the uppermost water cooling connecting piece;

[0038] A U-shaped drain pipe 8 is inserted at the upper end of each lower water flow zone, the other end of which extends outward and is connected to the water-cooling connecting piece at the corresponding position. The upper and lower treatment sleeves 2 are connected via the U-shaped drain pipe 8, the water-cooling connecting component and the annular spray pipe 4, that is, the upper lower water flow zone is connected to the lower upper spray zone, and the coolant introduced by the water inlet pipe 5 flows from top to bottom in the opposite direction of the rising direction of the flue gas.

[0039] See also Figure 6-Figure 8 The spray tower 1 is also provided with an air distribution component embedded in a plurality of treatment sleeves 2 and used for guiding and distributing the flue gas. The air distribution component includes a rotating column 9 that is driven to rotate in the axial direction of the spray tower 1 and sequentially penetrates the interior of the plurality of treatment sleeves 2 and is rotatably mounted on the air inlet end of the air inlet pipe 3;

[0040] A driving motor 12 for rotating the rotating column 9 is fixedly installed on the top of the spray tower 1. A plurality of conical flow guide covers 10 are spaced apart on the rotating column 9, each of which is located in the upper spraying area and extends from the lower end to the lower water flow area. A plurality of air distribution plates 11 are distributed in a ring shape on the upper end of the conical flow guide cover 10. The conical flow guide cover 10 has a conical structure that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom. The plurality of air distribution plates 11 are distributed in the upper spraying area and the outer end wall is movably fitted with the inner wall of the processing sleeve 2. An air guide structure connecting the upper and lower processing sleeves 2 is provided on the rotating column 9.

[0041] The air guide structure includes multiple groups of waterproof air outlet nozzles 901 and air inlets 902 that are distributed at intervals up and down and are opened in the vertical direction of the rotating column 9. The waterproof air outlet nozzles 901 penetrate the lower end of the conical guide cover 10 and extend to the lower water flow area. The air inlets 902 are distributed between two adjacent waterproof air outlet nozzles 901, and multiple air inlets 902 are located one by one above the annular spray pipe 4, and the waterproof air outlet nozzles 901 and air inlets 902 between two adjacent treatment sleeves 2 are connected through a connecting groove opened in the rotating column 9, and the air inlet end of the air inlet pipe 3 is connected to the bottom end of the rotating column 9 through a rotating joint. Each group of waterproof air outlet nozzles 901 and air inlet 902 is provided with a pair and distributed at the left and right ends of the rotating column 9.

[0042] See also Fig. 9 The smoke introduced by the air inlet pipe 3 passes into the interior of the rotating column 9 and overflows from the waterproof air outlet nozzle 901 at the bottom. The waterproof air outlet nozzle 901 is located in the lower water flow area. The smoke overflowing upward from the waterproof air outlet nozzle 901 first directly passes into the cooling water in the lower water flow area, moves upward after being directly washed by water, and then diffuses and breaks up the rising smoke by the rotating conical guide cover 10 and the air distribution sheet 11, thereby improving the contact effect between the water mist sprayed downward by the atomizing nozzle 401 and the smoke;

[0043] After the first water cooling, the flue gas moves to the top of the annular spray pipe 4, and then enters the interior of the rotating column 9 through the air inlet 902 on the rotating column 9, and overflows from the next pair of waterproof air outlet nozzles 901, and repeats this process. The setting of the air distribution component is used to have a high diffusion effect on the rising flue gas. The high-temperature flue gas passes through multiple treatment sleeves 2 from bottom to top, and repeatedly completes two water washing and cooling methods of immersion water washing and then spraying water washing. It is cooled by circulating water in multiple treatment sleeves 2, and the continuously flowing water is used to complete the multiple effects of flushing, cooling, absorbing and precipitating the flue gas.

[0044] In addition, the air distribution sheet 11 and the conical air guide cover 10 are both made of heat-conductive materials, and water mist is attached to their outer end surfaces, which has a cooling effect on the conical air guide cover 10 and the air distribution sheet 11, further improving the heat exchange and cooling effect of the flue gas flowing through.

[0045] See also Figure 2 and Fig.10 , the U-shaped drain pipe 8 at the bottom is connected to a drain pipe 14 connected to a dehumidification filter module, the dehumidification filter module includes a dehumidification component connected to an exhaust pipe 13, and a bag dust collector 20 is connected to the other end of the dehumidification component. The dehumidification component includes a water tank 17 connected to the drain pipe 14, and a plurality of heat conducting sheets 19 are horizontally laid in the water tank 17 and connected end to end. A heat storage box 18 is fixed to the upper end of the water tank 17, and the upper ends of the plurality of heat conducting sheets 19 all penetrate into the heat storage box 18. The plurality of heat conducting sheets 19 divide the interior of the heat storage box 18 into a serpentine gas flow path, and the head end of the gas flow path is connected to the exhaust pipe 13, and the tail end is connected to the bag dust collector 20 through a ventilation pipe;

[0046] By connecting the drain pipe 14 with the water tank 17, the circulating coolant is used to wash the high-temperature flue gas initially introduced into the spray tower 1 and then introduced into the water tank 17 through the drain pipe 14. The circulating coolant has a certain temperature, and the heat is transferred to the heat storage tank 18 through the heat conductive sheet 19, so as to facilitate the dehumidification of the flue gas after washing that flows through the heat storage tank 18. There is no need to set up a dehumidifier separately, and dehumidification can be carried out by waste heat to prevent the presence of water vapor in the flue gas from condensing and clogging the dust bag.

[0047] Embodiment 2: Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment introduces the water-cooling connecting piece in detail, and further improves and regulates the existing common spray water washing environment, as follows:

[0048] See also Figure 5 and Fig. 9 The water-cooling connecting part includes a water-cooling box 6 and a boosting pipe 7 connected to the drainage end of the water-cooling box 6. A boosting valve is connected between the boosting pipe 7 and the drainage end of the water-cooling box 6. The other end of the boosting pipe 7 passes through the interior of the processing sleeve 2 and is connected to the annular spray pipe 4 to realize the circulation of the coolant from top to bottom.

[0049] The inner bottom of each downstream water flow area is connected to a slag discharge pipe 15 that penetrates to the outside of the spray tower 1. The slag discharge pipe 15 is used to discharge the water-soluble sediment deposited at the bottom of the downstream water flow area. The U-shaped discharge pipe 8 is a U-shaped structure with its opening facing downward. The U-shaped discharge pipe 8 is located at the port on the inner side of the treatment sleeve 2 and extends to the upper end of the downstream water flow area, and is used to discharge the flowing water at the upper end of the downstream water flow area to the outside to reduce the discharge of impurities. Those skilled in the art may also add a filtering structure to the end of the U-shaped discharge pipe 8 located on the inner side of the downstream water flow area to reduce impurities in the circulating coolant introduced into the next annular spray pipe 4, thereby improving the purification effect during the water washing process.

[0050] The inner wall of each treatment sleeve 2 is embedded with a liquid level sensor located at the top of the downstream water flow area, which is used to monitor the liquid level in the downstream water flow area in real time to ensure that sufficient cooling liquid is reserved in the downstream water flow area, and to ensure that the flue gas overflowing from the waterproof air outlet nozzle 901 first passes into the downstream water flow area with flowing water, thereby realizing two water washing and cooling methods: immersion water washing and spraying water washing, thereby improving the water cooling effect.

[0051] The coolant introduced by the water inlet pipe 5 flows from top to bottom in the opposite direction to the rising direction of the flue gas. The recycling order of the coolant is opposite to the order of the flue gas water washing. The first coolant performs the final washing on the flue gas that has been washed many times, which is beneficial to improving the cooling and purification effect of the flue gas.

[0052] In addition, a temperature sensor 16 is embedded in the top of the upper spraying area and on the air inlet pipe 3. The detection end of the temperature sensor 16 installed in the upper spraying area is close to the waterproof air outlet nozzle 901. A temperature sensor is added on the air inlet pipe 3 and each air inlet 902 to monitor the temperature of the initial smoke and the smoke after a single water wash.

[0053] Under the heat exchange environment, the temperature of the coolant gradually increases from top to bottom, and the flue gas temperature gradually decreases. The temperature sensor 16 is used to detect the flue gas temperature before a single spray treatment. According to the detection result, the water cooling box 6 in the water-cooling connecting piece adjusts the temperature of the coolant entering the annular spray pipe 4, which plays a cooling compensation role for the reused coolant, so that the spray water washing environment in each treatment sleeve 2 is adjusted layer by layer to adapt to the washing and cooling requirements of the current temperature flue gas, thereby ensuring that the temperature of the flue gas discharged from the exhaust pipe 13 remains consistent.

[0054] In summary: multiple processing sleeves 2 are added in the spray tower 1 along the vertical direction, and the interior of the processing sleeve 2 is divided into an upper spraying area and a lower water flow area. The high-temperature flue gas passes through the multiple processing sleeves 2 from bottom to top, and the coolant introduced by the water inlet pipe 5 flows from top to bottom in the opposite direction of the rising direction of the flue gas. The two water washing and cooling methods of immersion water washing and then spray water washing are repeated many times, and in the process of flue gas rising, the gas distribution component is used to guide and diffuse the flue gas to improve the uniformity of cooling;

[0055] In addition, a device is added on the air inlet pipe 3 and at each air inlet 902 for temperature monitoring of the initial flue gas and the flue gas after a single water washing. According to the detection result, the temperature of the coolant entering the annular spray pipe 4 is adjusted through the water cooling connecting piece to compensate for the cooling of the circulating coolant after heat exchange, that is, the spray water washing environment in each treatment sleeve 2 is adjusted layer by layer to adapt to the washing and cooling of the current temperature flue gas, thereby ensuring that the temperature of the flue gas discharged from the exhaust pipe 13 remains consistent and improving the cooling effect;

[0056] The circulating coolant is finally introduced into the water tank 17 through the drain pipe 14, thereby transferring heat to the heat storage tank 18 through the heat conductive sheet 19, so as to facilitate the dehumidification of the flue gas after washing through the heat storage tank 18. There is no need to set up a dehumidifier separately, and dehumidification can be carried out by waste heat to prevent the presence of water vapor in the flue gas from condensing and clogging the dust bag.

[0057] The above is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention; but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention; any equivalent replacement or change based on the technical solution and improved concept of the present invention shall be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pre-purification system based on high-temperature oxygen-free pyrolysis flue gas of a lithium battery, comprising a spray cooling module and a dehumidification filtration module, wherein the spray cooling module comprises a spray tower (1), wherein the spray tower (1) is provided with a plurality of spray chambers (101) interconnected with each other in a vertical direction, and wherein: A processing sleeve (2) is fixedly installed in each of the spray chambers (101); the bottom of the spray tower (1) is externally connected to an air inlet pipe (3) that penetrates to the bottom of the lowest processing sleeve (2); the top of the spray tower (1) is externally connected to an exhaust pipe (13) that penetrates to the top of the highest processing sleeve (2); The interior of the treatment sleeve (2) is divided into an upper spraying area and a lower water flow area, and an annular spraying pipe (4) with a plurality of atomizing nozzles (401) at the bottom is installed at the upper end of each upper spraying area, and each annular spraying pipe (4) is externally connected to a water cooling connecting piece, and a water inlet pipe (5) is provided on the uppermost water cooling connecting piece; A U-shaped drainage pipe (8) is inserted at the upper end of each lower water flow area, the other end of which extends outward and is connected to a water-cooling connecting piece at a corresponding position; a temperature sensor (16) is embedded and installed on the top of the upper spray area and the air inlet pipe (3); and an air distribution component embedded in a plurality of treatment sleeves (2) and used for guiding and distributing the flue gas is also provided inside the spray tower (1); The air distribution assembly comprises a rotating column (9) which is driven to rotate in the axial direction of the spray tower (1) and sequentially penetrates the interior of a plurality of treatment sleeves (2) and is rotatably mounted on the air inlet end of the air inlet pipe (3); a plurality of conical flow guide covers (10) are arranged at intervals on the rotating column (9), each of which is located in the upper spraying area and has its lower end extending to the lower water flow area; a plurality of air distribution sheets (11) are annularly distributed on the upper end of the conical flow guide cover (10); and an air guide structure which communicates between the upper and lower treatment sleeves (2) is provided on the rotating column (9); The air guide structure comprises a plurality of groups of waterproof air outlet nozzles (901) and air inlets (902) which are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction of the rotating column (9). The waterproof air outlet nozzles (901) penetrate the lower end of the conical air guide cover (10) and extend to the lower water flow area. The air inlets (902) are distributed between two adjacent waterproof air outlet nozzles (901), and the plurality of air inlets (902) are located one by one above the annular spray pipe (4). The waterproof air outlet nozzles (901) and the air inlets (902) between two adjacent treatment sleeves (2) are connected via a connecting groove provided in the rotating column (9). A liquid level sensor located at the top of the lower water flow area is embedded in the inner wall of each treatment sleeve (2).

2. According to claim 1, a pre-purification system based on lithium battery high-temperature oxygen-free pyrolysis flue gas is characterized in that: The water-cooling connecting piece comprises a water-cooling box (6) and a boosting pipe (7) connected to the drainage end of the water-cooling box (6); a boosting valve is connected between the boosting pipe (7) and the drainage end of the water-cooling box (6); the other end of the boosting pipe (7) passes through the processing sleeve (2) and is connected to the annular spray pipe (4).

3. According to claim 1, a pre-purification system based on lithium battery high-temperature oxygen-free pyrolysis flue gas is characterized in that: The inner bottom of each of the lower water flow areas is externally connected to a slag discharge pipe (15) that runs through the outside of the spray tower (1), and the U-shaped discharge pipe (8) located at the bottom is connected to a drainage pipe (14) that is connected to the dehumidification filter module.

4. A pre-purification system based on high-temperature oxygen-free pyrolysis flue gas of lithium battery according to claim 3, characterized in that: The dehumidification filter module comprises a dehumidification component connected to the exhaust pipe (13), and the other end of the dehumidification component is connected to a bag filter (20).

5. A pre-purification system based on lithium battery high temperature oxygen-free pyrolysis flue gas according to claim 4, characterized in that: The dehumidification component comprises a water tank (17) connected to a drainage pipe (14), a plurality of heat conducting plates (19) arranged end to end and connected are horizontally laid in the water tank (17), a heat storage box (18) is fixed at the upper end of the water tank (17), the upper ends of the plurality of heat conducting plates (19) all penetrate into the heat storage box (18), and the plurality of heat conducting plates (19) divide the interior of the heat storage box (18) into a serpentine gas flow path.

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