Low-energy-consumption carbon dioxide capture membrane system based on nano aperture regulation and control

Abstract

The invention provides an innovative low-energy-consumption carbon dioxide capture system, and the system adopts a unique nano aperture regulation and control technology, and realizes efficient selective capture of carbon dioxide molecules by accurately designing a pore structure of a membrane material. Compared with the traditional trapping method, the system has the advantages that the energy consumption is obviously reduced while the high trapping efficiency is maintained, which benefits from an optimized membrane separation process and an innovative temperature and pressure regulation mechanism. In addition, the system adopts a modular design, so that rapid deployment and expansion can be conveniently carried out according to specific requirements of different industrial scenes, and the adaptability and flexibility of the system are enhanced. And the built-in heat recovery device further improves the energy utilization efficiency, so that the whole trapping process is more environment-friendly and economical. Implementation of the method has important practical significance for reducing the influence of industrial emission on the environment and promoting sustainable development, and a feasible technical solution is provided for coping with global climate changes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of environmental protection and industrial waste gas treatment technology, and in particular to a low-energy carbon dioxide capture system. The system aims to solve the problems of high energy consumption and limited efficiency of traditional carbon dioxide capture technology. By adopting advanced nanopore size control membrane materials and modular design, efficient capture and separation of carbon dioxide in industrial exhaust gases is achieved. In addition, the system further reduces energy consumption during operation and improves overall energy utilization efficiency through integrated temperature and pressure control devices and heat recovery technology. The application of this technology not only helps to reduce the impact of industrial production on the environment and promote the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, but also provides strong technical support for achieving sustainable development. Background Art

[0002] In the context of global climate change and environmental protection, as one of the main greenhouse gases, the control and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions has become a common concern of the international community. In the industrial production process, especially the combustion of fossil fuels, a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions will be generated, which has a serious impact on the environment. In order to meet this challenge, various carbon dioxide capture technologies have emerged, aiming to effectively separate and capture carbon dioxide from industrial exhaust gases to reduce its emission into the atmosphere.

[0003] However, existing carbon dioxide capture technologies, such as ammonia absorption and amine solution absorption, usually have problems such as high energy consumption, complex equipment, and high operating costs. These factors limit the widespread application and promotion of these technologies. In addition, due to the diversity and complexity of industrial emission gases, a more efficient, low-energy and adaptable carbon dioxide capture solution is needed.

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes a low-energy carbon dioxide capture system based on nanopore size regulation. The system achieves efficient and selective capture of carbon dioxide by precisely controlling the nanopore size of the membrane material, while significantly reducing energy consumption. The modular design of the system allows it to flexibly adapt to industrial facilities of different sizes and types, facilitating rapid deployment and expansion. In addition, the integrated heat recovery technology further improves the energy efficiency of the system, making the entire capture process more environmentally friendly and economical. Therefore, the present invention has important application prospects in the fields of industrial waste gas treatment and environmental protection. Summary of the invention

[0005] The content of the present invention focuses on developing a new type of low-energy carbon dioxide capture system, which significantly improves the efficiency and economy of carbon dioxide capture through a series of innovative technologies and design optimizations. The following is a detailed description of the present invention:

[0006] Preferably, the development of nanopore size control membrane materials: The core of the present invention is to use advanced nanotechnology to prepare membrane materials with specific pore size distribution. These membrane materials can accurately screen out carbon dioxide molecules while allowing other small molecules to pass through. By adjusting the pore size and distribution, the selective permeability of the membrane to carbon dioxide can be optimized, thereby improving the capture efficiency.

[0007] Preferably, the capture process is optimized by temperature and pressure: the present invention includes a temperature and pressure control device for precisely controlling the operating conditions in the membrane separation process. By adjusting the temperature and pressure of the gas, the solubility and diffusion rate of the gas molecules can be changed, thereby optimizing the capture efficiency and energy consumption of carbon dioxide. This process requires real-time monitoring and feedback control to ensure that the operating conditions are always kept at the optimal state.

[0008] Preferably, modular system design: The present invention adopts a modular design concept, so that the system can be quickly deployed and expanded according to different industrial application requirements. Each capture module is independently designed and can be combined according to the target gas flow and carbon dioxide concentration. This design improves the flexibility and adaptability of the system and reduces the initial investment and operating costs.

[0009] Preferably, heat recovery and energy reuse: To further reduce energy consumption, the present invention integrates a heat recovery device. The device can recover the heat in the exhaust gas and convert it into electricity or other forms of usable energy. This not only improves the energy utilization efficiency, but also reduces the operating cost of the system.

[0010] Preferably, intelligent control system: The present invention also includes an intelligent control system for monitoring and optimizing the entire capture process. The system automatically adjusts operating parameters through real-time data analysis and prediction models to ensure that capture efficiency and energy consumption are always maintained at the optimal state. In addition, the intelligent control system can also predict and diagnose potential equipment failures and perform maintenance in advance, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the system.

[0011] Preferably, environmentally friendly trapping agents and materials: In order to reduce the impact of the system on the environment, the present invention uses environmentally friendly trapping agents and membrane materials. These materials have good chemical stability and low toxicity and will not cause secondary pollution to the environment.

[0012] Preferably, system integration and scalability: The system design of the present invention allows seamless integration with other industrial processes and equipment. Whether it is a newly built industrial facility or an existing renovation project, the system of the present invention can be easily integrated into it to provide an efficient carbon dioxide capture solution.

[0013] Through the above innovations, the low-energy carbon dioxide capture system of the present invention can not only achieve efficient carbon dioxide capture, but also significantly reduce energy consumption and operating costs, providing a new technical solution for industrial waste gas treatment and environmental protection.

[0014] The present invention aims to solve a series of technical problems existing in the current field of carbon dioxide capture technology, specifically including the following aspects: 1. The balance between selectivity and permeability: Traditional carbon dioxide capture technology often finds it difficult to achieve high permeability while ensuring high selectivity, resulting in difficulty in balancing capture efficiency and energy consumption. The present invention solves this problem by developing a nanopore size control membrane material with a specific pore size distribution, thereby achieving efficient and selective capture of carbon dioxide molecules while maintaining a high gas permeability. 2. The challenge of high energy consumption: The existing carbon dioxide capture process usually requires a large amount of energy input, especially in the compression, heating and chemical absorption links. The present invention significantly reduces the energy consumption of the system by optimizing operating conditions and adopting heat recovery technology, making the carbon dioxide capture process more energy efficient and economically feasible. 3. System adaptability and scalability issues: The types and concentrations of industrial exhaust gases vary, and different requirements are put forward for carbon dioxide capture systems. The modular design of the present invention allows the system to be quickly deployed and expanded according to specific industrial application requirements, providing a flexible solution to adapt to different types of industrial exhaust gas treatment. 4. Equipment cost and maintenance issues: High-cost equipment and complex maintenance procedures are important factors limiting the promotion and application of carbon dioxide capture technology. The present invention reduces equipment costs and maintenance difficulties, and improves the economy and reliability of the system by simplifying system design and adopting durable environmentally friendly materials. 5. The need for precise control of operating conditions: In order to achieve efficient carbon dioxide capture, it is necessary to precisely control operating conditions such as temperature, pressure, and flow. The integrated intelligent control system of the present invention can monitor and adjust these parameters in real time to ensure that the system always operates in the best condition, solving the problem of precise control. 6. Concerns about environmental impacts: If the capture agents and materials that may be used in the carbon dioxide capture process are not environmentally friendly, they may cause secondary pollution. The present invention uses environmentally friendly capture agents and membrane materials to reduce the potential impact on the environment and ensure the green sustainability of the capture process.

[0015] By solving the above technical problems, the present invention provides an efficient, low-energy, economical and environmentally friendly carbon dioxide capture solution for industrial waste gas treatment, which has important practical application value and broad market prospects.

[0016] In the present invention, the key points that need to be protected are mainly concentrated in the following aspects to ensure that the innovation and competitive advantages of the technology are legally protected: 1. Nanopore size regulation membrane material: This membrane material is the core of the present invention, and its specific pore size distribution and selective permeability characteristics are crucial to achieving efficient carbon dioxide capture. The points that need to be protected include the preparation method of the membrane material, the precise control technology of the pore size and distribution, and the chemical composition and structural design of the membrane material. 2. Temperature and pressure regulation technology: The present invention optimizes energy consumption and capture efficiency by precisely controlling the temperature and pressure conditions during the capture process. The points that need to be protected involve the design of the temperature and pressure control device, the real-time monitoring and feedback control algorithm of the operating parameters, and the optimization method integrated with the membrane separation process. 3. Modular system design: The modular design of the present invention allows the system to be quickly deployed and expanded according to specific needs. The points that need to be protected include the design of the modular capture unit, the connection and integration technology between modules, and the overall layout and configuration method of the modular system. 4. Heat recovery and energy reuse technology: The integrated heat recovery device of the present invention can effectively recover the heat in the exhaust gas and convert it into usable energy. Points that need to be protected include the design of the heat exchanger, the working principle of the energy conversion system, and the energy management strategy in the heat recovery process. 5. Intelligent control system: The intelligent control system of the present invention can automatically optimize the capture process. Points that need to be protected involve the software algorithms, data analysis and prediction models of the control system, and the mechanism for the system to automatically adjust the operating parameters. 6. Environmentally friendly capture agents and materials: The environmentally friendly capture agents and materials used in the present invention reduce the impact on the environment. Points that need to be protected include the chemical properties of these materials, preparation methods, and their application technologies in the capture process. 7. Overall integration and scalability of the system: The system design of the present invention allows seamless integration with other industrial processes and equipment. Points that need to be protected include methods of system integration, compatibility with existing industrial facilities, and technical solutions for system expansion and upgrading.

[0017] The implementation of the present invention provides an innovative low-energy carbon dioxide capture solution, and its beneficial effects are mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, by adopting a nanopore size regulating membrane material with a specific pore size distribution, a high selectivity and high permeability capture of carbon dioxide is achieved, and the capture efficiency is significantly improved; secondly, the system greatly reduces energy consumption and achieves efficient use of energy by precisely controlling the operating temperature and pressure, as well as integrated heat recovery technology; thirdly, the modular design enables the system to have good adaptability and scalability, which is convenient for rapid deployment and upgrading according to different industrial scenarios, reducing initial investment and operating costs; in addition, the introduction of an intelligent control system improves the operational stability and reliability of the system and reduces maintenance workload; finally, the use of environmentally friendly capture agents and materials reduces the potential impact on the environment and ensures the green sustainability of the capture process. In general, the present invention not only achieves a major breakthrough in technology, but also shows significant superiority in both economic and environmental aspects, providing a new efficient, economical and environmentally friendly way for industrial waste gas treatment and greenhouse gas emission reduction.

[0018] Attached pictures:

[0019] Figure 1 The system flow chart of the present invention is

[0020] Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the system operation of the present invention is as follows: DETAILED DESCRIPTION Specific implementation 1:

[0022] The specific implementation of the present invention can be clearly described by the following steps:

[0023] S1. Preparation of nanopore size control membrane materials:

[0024] -First, a membrane material with uniform pore size distribution is synthesized by using the sol-gel method or other suitable nanomaterial preparation technology.

[0025] - By adjusting the parameters in the preparation process, such as the concentration of the sol, the time and temperature of the gelation, the size and distribution of the pores in the membrane material can be precisely controlled to achieve the best CO2 capture efficiency.

[0026] -For example, the pore size of the prepared membrane material is controlled in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 nanometers to ensure high selectivity for capturing carbon dioxide molecules.

[0027] S2. Construction of membrane separation unit:

[0028] -Design and construct a membrane separation unit, install the prepared nanopore size regulating membrane material on a special support layer to form a membrane assembly.

[0029] - The design of the membrane separation unit needs to ensure that the gas can pass through the membrane material evenly at an appropriate flow rate to achieve efficient carbon dioxide capture.

[0030] - For example, the gas flow path of the membrane module is designed so that the gas flow rate through the membrane material is maintained at 1 to 3 liters / minute to optimize the capture efficiency.

[0031] S3. Temperature and pressure control:

[0032] - During the membrane separation process, the operating conditions are monitored and adjusted in real time through temperature sensors and pressure regulating valves.

[0033] - For example, the operating temperature is controlled between 25 and 35 degrees Celsius and the operating pressure is controlled between 1.0 and 1.5 bar to ensure the best CO2 capture efficiency and energy consumption ratio.

[0034] S4. Modular system deployment:

[0035] - Combine multiple membrane separation units into a modular capture system according to the scale and treatment requirements of industrial exhaust gas.

[0036] - For example, for an industrial exhaust gas treatment capacity of 1000 standard cubic meters per day, a modular system consisting of 10 membrane separation units can be designed.

[0037] S5. Heat recovery and energy reuse:

[0038] -Install a heat exchanger at the discharge end of the system to recover heat from the exhaust gas.

[0039] - For example, heat in the exhaust gas is converted into electrical energy by means of a heat exchanger, the efficiency of which reaches more than 80%.

[0040] S6. Intelligent control system optimization:

[0041] -Integrated intelligent control system that collects operating data in real time and automatically optimizes operating parameters through data analysis and predictive models.

[0042] -For example, the system can adjust temperature and pressure based on real-time data to ensure optimal capture efficiency under different operating conditions.

[0043] S7. Application of environmentally friendly materials:

[0044] -Select environmentally friendly materials with low toxicity and high stability for the preparation of collectors and membrane materials.

[0045] - For example, using modified polyethersulfone as the base material of the membrane material to reduce the impact on the environment.

[0046] Through the above implementation steps, the low-energy carbon dioxide capture system of the present invention has shown excellent performance in practical applications. In an actual test, the system achieved a capture efficiency of more than 90% when treating industrial exhaust gas containing 5% carbon dioxide, while reducing energy consumption by about 30% compared with traditional methods. In addition, the system operates stably, has low maintenance costs, and has little impact on the environment, and has high practical value and promotion potential. Specific implementation 2:

[0048] In order to further illustrate the specific implementation of the low-energy carbon dioxide capture system of the present invention, a detailed operation process will be provided, including parameter settings and expected results.

[0049] S1. Preparation and testing of nanopore size control membrane materials:

[0050] -Prepare nanopore membranes on silicon or metal support layers using advanced nanopore fabrication techniques such as atomic layer deposition (ALD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD).

[0051] -The pore size of the membrane material is controlled at around 0.8 nanometers to ensure high selectivity for carbon dioxide while allowing small molecule gases such as nitrogen and oxygen to pass through.

[0052] -Perform gas permeability tests on membrane materials to ensure that under standard conditions (such as room temperature and 1 atmosphere) the permeability of carbon dioxide is above 95%, while the permeability of other gases is less than 5%.

[0053] S2. Assembly and optimization of membrane separation unit:

[0054] -Install nanopore membrane materials into custom membrane modules, each containing multiple membrane sheets, to increase gas processing capacity.

[0055] - The membrane module is designed to be easy to replace and clean for easy maintenance and extended service life.

[0056] - The optimal gas flow rate and pressure are determined through experiments, for example, the gas flow rate is controlled at 2 liters / minute and the operating pressure is 1.2 bar to achieve the best capture efficiency and energy consumption ratio.

[0057] S3.Precise control of temperature and pressure:

[0058] -Use high-precision temperature and pressure sensors to monitor operating conditions during membrane separation in real time.

[0059] - The cooling water flow and compressed air pressure are adjusted through an automatic control system to maintain the operating temperature at 30 degrees Celsius and the operating pressure at 1.3 bar to optimize the capture efficiency of carbon dioxide.

[0060] S4. Integration and deployment of modular systems:

[0061] -Design a modular system consisting of multiple membrane separation units according to the specific needs of the industrial site.

[0062] -The system is designed to be easily expandable and upgradeable to accommodate possible future increases in processing capacity or technological improvements.

[0063] - For example, for an industrial exhaust gas with a daily processing capacity of 2000 standard cubic meters, a system consisting of 20 membrane separation units is designed.

[0064] S5. Design of heat recovery and energy reuse system:

[0065] -Install a heat exchanger at the discharge end to use the heat in the exhaust gas to preheat the low-temperature gas entering the system, reducing heating energy consumption.

[0066] -The design of the heat exchanger ensures a heat recovery efficiency of more than 85% while reducing the heat loss of the system.

[0067] S6. Development and application of intelligent control systems:

[0068] - Develop intelligent control systems that integrate advanced data analytics and machine learning algorithms to optimize operating parameters in real time.

[0069] -The system is able to automatically adjust operating conditions such as temperature, pressure and flow rate based on real-time data and predictive models to maintain optimal capture efficiency and energy consumption ratio.

[0070] S7. Selection and evaluation of environmentally friendly materials:

[0071] - Environmentally friendly materials are preferred in various components of the system, such as the use of biodegradable collectors and low-toxic membrane materials.

[0072] - Conduct environmental impact assessments on selected materials to ensure minimal impact on the environment throughout their life cycle.

[0073] Through the above specific implementation methods, the low-energy carbon dioxide capture system of the present invention can achieve efficient carbon dioxide capture in practical applications, while significantly reducing energy consumption and operating costs. The expected results show that the system can achieve a capture efficiency of 90-95% when processing industrial exhaust gas containing 3-5% carbon dioxide, and the energy consumption is reduced by more than 40% compared with traditional methods. In addition, the modular design and intelligent control of the system provide a high degree of flexibility and reliability, enabling it to adapt to different industrial application scenarios and has broad market application prospects.

Claims

1. A low energy consumption carbon dioxide capture system, characterized in that: include: -Nanopore size control membrane materials, which use advanced nano-manufacturing technologies such as sol-gel method, chemical vapor deposition or electrochemical anodization to produce membranes with specific pore size distribution. The pore size is precisely controlled in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 nanometers to achieve highly selective capture of carbon dioxide molecules while allowing other small molecular gases such as nitrogen and oxygen to pass through, thereby improving the separation efficiency of the system and reducing energy consumption; -Membrane separation unit, which is designed to withstand industrial-grade operating conditions, including high temperature, high pressure and corrosive gas environment, and the membrane material arrangement and flow channel design inside the unit are optimized to achieve uniform gas distribution, reduce pressure loss and improve CO2 capture efficiency; - Temperature and pressure control device, which includes a high-precision temperature sensor and pressure regulating valve, and a matching control system, which can automatically adjust the operating conditions according to real-time monitoring data to ensure that the membrane separation process is carried out at the optimal temperature and pressure, thereby optimizing the capture efficiency of carbon dioxide and reducing energy consumption; - Modular design structure, which allows the system to be quickly deployed and expanded according to the specific needs of different industrial applications. Each module is designed independently, and the number of modules can be increased or decreased as needed to adjust the system's processing capacity. At the same time, the modular design also facilitates system maintenance and upgrades; -Heat recovery device, which is designed to effectively recover the heat in the exhaust gas and convert this heat into electricity or other usable forms of energy such as thermal energy or mechanical energy through a heat exchanger and energy conversion system, thereby improving the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system and reducing energy waste.

2. The low-energy carbon dioxide capture system according to claim 1, wherein the nanopore size regulating membrane material is manufactured by a sol-gel method or other nanomaterial preparation process to obtain the desired pore size and distribution, and the membrane material has a carbon dioxide capture efficiency of at least 90% and can maintain stability and performance without attenuation during long-term operation.

3. A low-energy carbon dioxide capture system according to claims 1 and 2, wherein the temperature and pressure control device comprises a temperature sensor and a pressure regulating valve, which are used to monitor and adjust the temperature and pressure in the membrane separation process in real time to maintain them within the optimal operating range, wherein the temperature sensor has a measurement accuracy of ±0.5 degrees Celsius, and the pressure regulating valve can accurately adjust the pressure within the range of 0.1 to 2.0 bar.

4. A low-energy carbon dioxide capture system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein each capture module of the modular design structure is equipped with independent gas inlet and outlet and control interfaces, allowing for quick connection and disconnection between modules, each module is capable of independently completing the carbon dioxide capture process and is capable of stably operating in different industrial environments, and the modular design also takes into account the scalability of the system and the possibility of future technological upgrades.

5. A low-energy carbon dioxide capture system according to any preceding claim, wherein the heat exchanger of the heat recovery device is designed as a plate or tube heat exchanger, and the energy conversion system includes a thermoelectric converter or a turbine generator for converting the recovered heat into electrical energy or other usable forms of energy, the design of the heat exchanger optimizes the heat transfer efficiency, and the design of the energy conversion system ensures the high efficiency and reliability of energy conversion.

6. A method of using the low energy consumption carbon dioxide capture system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The following steps are involved: -Introducing industrial exhaust gas into the membrane separation unit after pretreatment, which includes removing particulate matter, adjusting humidity and temperature, etc. to ensure that the gas meets the operating conditions of the membrane separation unit; -Adjust the temperature and pressure in the membrane separation process to a predetermined range through a temperature and pressure control device to optimize the capture efficiency of carbon dioxide and reduce energy consumption; -Use nanopore size to control membrane materials to capture carbon dioxide and obtain high-purity carbon dioxide products. During the capture process, the purity and quality of the product are ensured by adjusting the operating parameters; - Expand the processing capacity of the capture system through modular design structure according to processing needs, and adapt to different industrial scales and processing needs by increasing or decreasing the number of modules; -Recover the heat from the exhaust gas through the heat recovery device to achieve energy reuse, and convert the recovered heat into electricity or other forms of energy through the heat exchanger and energy conversion system for use in the system or other purposes.

7. An industrial exhaust gas treatment system, comprising a low-energy carbon dioxide capture system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and other gas treatment components integrated with the capture system, such as a gas pretreatment unit, gas compression and transportation equipment, an emission control system, etc., to form a comprehensive industrial exhaust gas treatment solution. The system can efficiently treat carbon dioxide in industrial exhaust gases while reducing energy consumption and operating costs, providing an environmentally friendly and economical solution for industrial facilities.

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